(人教版)高考英语一轮复习课时学案 第2部分 语法专题 专题4　第4讲　特殊句式 (含解析)

第4讲　特殊句式

“What a beautiful garden！① How beautiful the flowers are！①”The kids shouted.“Can we go into the garden，Mrs Green？” “Yes.But don’t pick or harm the flowers while appreciating them②.It was with great patience that the gardener grew them.③” “Yes，Mrs Green. Let’s explore the garden.②”

[规则感悟]　①为感叹句，结构为What (＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。

②为祈使句，结构为Do sth/Don’t do sth，有时后面会跟“and/or＋句子”。

③为强调句，结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。

1．感叹句

(1)what引导的感叹句

①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

②What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

What lovely children they are!

他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！

(2)how引导的感叹句

①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

②How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！

③How＋主语＋谓语！

How interesting a story it is!

＝What an interesting story it is!

这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！

2．祈使句

祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词。

祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分；②Be＋表语(＋其他成分)，如Be honest.；③Let’s/Let us do/not do sth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。

3．强调句型

(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。

It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过相互倾听和理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。

注意：

①强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。

It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.

是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。

②由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。

She doesn’t know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她儿子。

(2)强调句型的疑问句结构：

一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？

Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?

他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？

When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定修这门课的？

(3)not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。

It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital.

直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。

(4)强调谓语动词

It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句。

She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。

对点练习

1．Work hard，and you will make progress in English.

2．What a beautiful picture you are showing to us!

3．It wasn’t until 1706 that Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffee shop in London.

倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前，而完全倒装是把谓语全部放在主语之前。

1．部分倒装

Never will my mother go to the amusement park again.① Not only was it dirty①，but it also was noisy.So noisy was it that I couldn’t hear my mother.②Only when she shouted at me at the top of her voice could I hear what she was saying.③What’s worse，no sooner had we come out of the park than it began to rain①.We got wet.Had we left a bit earlier，we would not have been trapped in the rain.④ If Mother won’t go，neither will I⑤.Near as it is⑥，I won’t choose to go there again because I am not interested in anything in the park now.

[规则感悟]　①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little，not only...but (also)．..，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装。注意：not only置于句首时，所在的分句要部分倒装，but also所在的分句不倒装。②so/such...that...结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。③“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。

④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if，将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。

2．全部倒装

On the platform was a student giving a speech.①  In the corner sat a shy boy，Tom.① Then came the boy’s turn.②“Come onto the platform，” said the teacher③.There went the boy.④Seated in the front were the leaders of the school.⑤ Though his hands were trembling，he began his speech.Such was Tom，a shy boy who was determined to face challenges.⑥

[规则感悟]　①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now等位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。

1．在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。

Child as he was，he finished his task with great courage and determination.

尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。

2．在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而不能是代词。谓语也只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。

Look！Here comes the bus.

看！汽车来了。

不能说Look！Here comes it.

要说Look！Here it comes.

对点练习

1．Next door to ours live(live) a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.

2．Absurd as/though it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.

3．Not until recently did(do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

4．Here are(be) some suggestions，which I hope will be of benefit to you.

5．Only then did(do) he realize that he had fallen behind.

—You shouldn’t read books while having lunch①. If so②，you will make the book you read③ dirty.Would you like to put your book aside now?

—I’d like to④，but the book is so interesting that I can’t tear myself away from it.

—Do you want to have a stomachache?

—No，I hope not⑤.I will put it away right now.

[规则感悟]　①在while，when，where，as if，if，though，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。②if ever如果曾发生过的话；if busy 如果忙的话；if any如果有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if so如果这样的话；if not如果不的话；if necessary如果必要的话。③限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。④在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。⑤英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在以I’m afraid，I hope，I think，I guess，I believe等开头的答句中。

1．在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。

You can’t be careful enough while (you are) crossing a busy street.

在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。

2．在状语从句的省略中，要注意连词之后的非谓语动词与主句主语之间的关系。

Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to college.

尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。

He always keeps silent unless asked.

除非被问到，他总是保持沉默。

3．动词不定式的省略

在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动词而保留不定式符号to。

The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.

司机想把车停在路边，但被警察要求不要停。

注意：当动词不定式是由be或have构成时，to后必须保留be或have。

—Are you fond of classic music?

—No，but I used to be.

——你喜欢古典音乐吗？

——不，但我曾经喜欢。

—Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?

—Yes，but I oughtn’t to have.

——你告诉安她考试不及格的事了吗？

——告诉了，但我不应该那样做。

对点练习

1．We finished the task two days earlier than expected(expect)．

2．—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?

—As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he does writing(write)．

3．We all know that，if not carefully dealt(deal) with，the situation will get worse.

4．He suddenly turned around as if to make(make) sure that nobody was following him.

1．Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are(be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019·全国Ⅰ)

2．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

(2018·天津6月)

层级一　基础达标练

单句语法填空

1．Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is IQ that gets you promoted.

2．Sitting(sit) in the first row is my head teacher，who will deliver a speech on the stage.

3．Although warned(warn) several times，the boy still went swimming in the river.

4．Present at the party last night were(be) Mr Green and many other guests.

5．—What did she want to know，Tom?

—She wondered when it was that we could complete the experiment.

6．Some of you may have finished the text.If so，you can go on to the next.

层级二　高考真题练

单句语法填空

1．It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.

(2017·天津6月)

2．Were(be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江苏)

3．But like so many other things，it is only too much stress that does you harm.(2016·上海)

4．Only when Lily walked into the office did (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津)

5．Into the complete silence of the waiting class came(come) the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning，children.”(2015·湖北)

层级三　语篇提能练

语法填空

Disha Florence never thought she would become a web novel writer.The lady from Bangladesh，was trying to find a way to free herself from the restrictions faced by a woman,1.______ wish she has had since she was 8.It was then 2.             she observed that being a girl meant she couldn’t play in the park like boys，and that she needed to learn to do housework.

As she grew up，she realized that 3.           experience and knowledge，it’s impossible to be free.Therefore，while 4.        (continue) her study，Florence worked as a volunteer，going to places and meeting people with or without her parents’ 5.        (permit). Her father told her，“You need to make your own money to do as you wish.” Florence found this advice 6._______(logic)，but didn’t know what to do.

At 22，she noticed on the Chinese reading app Webnovel that the website was hiring authors who 7.          (say) to be able to make much money.

Without thinking 8.            (far)，Florence started writing and became a professional web novelist.9.            (inspire) by popular Chinese “CEO novels” on the app，Florence wrote her first book.This story about self-respect and self-love，10.             characters are Chinese，is set in Europe.

Now Florence has about 164,200 readers on Webnovel and is working on another two books.

1．答案　a

解析　考查冠词。设空处应用不定冠词，表泛指，此处的“a wish”是前面提到的“从对女性的约束中解放出来”的解释。故填a。

2．答案　that

解析　考查强调句。分析句子可知，此句为强调句，强调副词then。故填that。

3．答案　without

解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处应填介词without，意为“没有，缺乏”。故填without。

4．答案　continuing

解析　考查状语从句的省略。设空处在连词while之后，且continue与逻辑主语Florence之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词，句子补充完整为：while she was continuing her study。故填continuing。

5．答案　permission

解析　考查名词。设空处在her parents’之后，应用名词形式，with/without one’s permission意为“经/未经某人允许”。故填permission。

6．答案　logical

解析　考查形容词。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，补足语可用形容词，logic的形容词为logical，意为“合情合理的，合乎逻辑的”。故填logical。

7．答案　were said

解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为be said to do结构，根据主句中的noticed，可知此处也用一般过去时；say与逻辑主语authors为动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语authors为复数，助动词用were。故填were said。

8．答案　further

解析　考查副词。根据句意可知，应用far的比较级further，意为“更远地，进一步”，作think的状语。故填further。

9．答案　Inspired

解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，inspire与逻辑主语Florence之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词；设空处在句首，首字母应大写。故填Inspired。

10．答案　whose

解析　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为This story，先行词与characters为所属关系，设空处应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

1．感叹句

　(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)在英语节目“Talk and Talk”中与你交流对我们来说是多么有意义的经历啊！

What a meaningful experience it is for us to communicate with you in the English programme “Talk and Talk”！

　(2021·浙江6月)这是一场多么精彩的中国画展啊！

What a fantastic Chinese painting show it is!

2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句

　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的。”

I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up，and you will make it.”

　(2020·浙江7月)埃莉(Elli)说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”

“Hurry up，or the bear will catch up with us，” said Elli.

3．强调句

　(2022·浙江1月)正是在那个文化节上，你分享了很多关于你们国家的有趣的事情。

It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country.

　(2021·浙江6月)在我把钱交给父母之后，我才意识到成长的意义。

It was after I handed my parents the cash that I realized the meaning of growing up.

4．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首的倒装句

　(2022·全国甲)只有当所有人都努力保护海洋时，海洋环境才会变得越来越好。

Only when all the people make their efforts to protect the ocean will the ocean environment become  better and better.

　(2021·上海)只有通过说和听，你才能不断地练习；只有把你所学的运用起来，你才能尽快地掌握汉语。

Only by speaking and listening can you keep practicing it and only by putting what you have learnt into use can you master Chinese as quickly as possible.

5．倒装句(so＋adj.＋be＋sb/sth＋that从句)

　(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)大卫如此坚定，他终于到达了终点，所有的学生都为他欢呼。

So determined was David that he finally reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.

　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)伯纳德(Bernard)是如此开心以至于他给了约翰一个大大的拥抱。

So happy was Bernard that he gave John a big hug.

6．全部倒装

　(2021·浙江6月)我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看起来既悲伤又焦虑。

Beside the old truck stood my dad and mom，looking sad and anxious.

　(2020·浙江1月)后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚(tumble)的狗。

In the backyard were two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland.