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山东省淄博市部分学校2022-2023学年高三英语上学期12月摸底考试试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份山东省淄博市部分学校2022-2023学年高三英语上学期12月摸底考试试题（Word版附解析），共25页。
2022-2023学年度部分学校高三教学质量摸底检测
英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答 案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B 、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Here’s the weather forecast for the next few days. We’ve got sunny skies at the moment but that’s not going to last long.
W: By tomorrow it will be cloudy but it won’t actually rain till Saturday.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman doing?
A. Watching TV. B. Doing homework. C. Listening to music.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi Annie. It’s Tony here. Are you busy?
W: Not really. I’m listening to music at the moment. I have done all my homework quickly because there’s a TV program I want to see. It’ll start in about half an hour.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers probably talking about?
A. A course. B. An aircraft. C. A crewman.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tell me about your training to be a member of the cabin crew, David. What did you learn from the course?
M: During the first two weeks training was basically about the airline and customer service. We also learned about the types of aircraft and first-aid skills.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did the woman get home last night?
A. By train. B. By car. C. By bus.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I didn’t see you leave the party last night Sarah. I thought you were getting the train at twelve.
W: I was so tired that I decided to get an earlier bus.
M: Did you have to wait long?
W: Well, in the end Pete drove past the bus stop and I got a lift with him.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the man be at 8 tomorrow morning?
A. In the dining room. B. At the reception desk. C. In his office.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I hope you’ll have a very happy stay in the hotel. If you have any questions, I’ll be in the dining room between 7 and 8 this evening. I spend every morning between 8 and 10 in my office just over there and I’m happy to talk to you then.
W: Can we leave any message for you at reception?
M: Of course.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C三个 选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How did the man get the university brochure?
A. From the woman. B. From the Internet. C. From a friend.
7. What is the A-level entrance requirement for the course?
A. BBC. B. BBB. C. BCC.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, I’m considering applying to your university and would like to ask you some questions.
W: Of course. Which course are you thinking of applying for?
M: Asian Studies. A friend of mine said it was useful.
W: I see. Do you have a copy of the university brochure?
M: Yes, I do. I downloaded it.
W: So, you know that it’s a four-year course, including one year living and working in the region.
M: OK. The A-level entrance requirement is BCC, right?
W: Yes, but on average our students have 3 Bs.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What will the woman do first on Wednesday?
A. Work in a lab. B. Go to a tutorial. C. Attend a lecture.
9. When does the woman have the most relaxed day?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
10. How will the woman spend her weekend?
A. Finishing homework. B. Taking classes. C. Enjoying leisure.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】M: You’ve got a rather busy week ahead of you, haven’t you?
W: Well, actually, Wednesday’s my busiest. I’ve got two tutorials, a lecture and a chemistry lab. The lab’s first thing at 8 am. That goes until 10 am. Then, my first tutorial starts at 10 am and continues to 12. I get two hours’ break for lunch and relaxation. Then at 2 pm I’ve got another tutorial. That goes for two hours. Last I’ve got my genetics lecture.
M: Whew! That sounds like quite a full day tomorrow. What about the rest of the week?
W: Well, I’ve got nothing to do on Thursday, thankfully. And Friday’s a short day; I’ve just got a lecture from 10 am to 11 am. So I’m free to enjoy the weekend!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What does the man want to see about the report first?
A. The topic. B. The outline. C. The reference books.
12. What is the man’s attitude towards referring to other students’ reports?
A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful.
13. Which book is hard to borrow from the library?
A. Reports and You.
B. Mastering Your Reports.
C. Report Research Techniques.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C
【解析】
【原文】M: The deadline for your report is 28 May. Is there anything you’d like to ask?
W: Yes we can choose any topics we like, can’t we?
M: Well, do remember to get your topic approved by your tutor first — oh, that’s me, isn’t it?
W: What would you like us to show you initially, apart from the title?
M: Well, I’d like to see a basic list of books you want to read and an outline of your report.
W: OK. We have the research guide to help us. Can we look at what other students have done in the past?
M: Yes, it can be helpful. Well, there are some books in the library that can help you with planning a report.
W: Great!
M: For example, my personal favorite is “Reports and You”. Another good one is “Mastering Your Reports”. There’s a book about research techniques. Oh, it’s called “Report Research Techniques”. It’s a very good book. But there are only two copies in the library. So it’s hard to borrow it from the library.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What should the man do at the first crossroad while walking to the library?
A. Turn left. B. Go straight. C. Turn right.
15. Where is the library?
A. On Hill Road. B. On First Avenue. C. On Second Avenue.
16. What is next to the bookstore?
A. A hotel. B. A pub. C. A post office.
17. What does the man want to do before going to the bookstore?
A. Withdraw some money. B. Have a haircut. C. Do some shopping.
【答案】14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you tell me where the university library is?
W: Yes, when you leave the bus station, you should turn right. And if you walk a little way down the road, you’ll come to a crossroad. Make a right turn into First Avenue. So you walk along this street, about two blocks further. There’s another crossroad, and this time you turn left into Hill Road.
M: OK, then?
W: As you walk up Hill Road, you’ll see the post office on your left, and next to it is a large supermarket. The library’s just across the road from it, on your right.
M: OK.
W: It’s a distinctive building, easy to spot, next to a big hotel.
M: Great. Actually, I am eager to find a good bookshop. Are there any nearby?
W: Yes, I think the one on First Avenue is probably the best.
M: How do I get there?
W: Well, instead of turning left up Hill Road at the second crossroad, just carry on straight.You’ll see a pub on the corner. Then it’s the next building.
M: Wonderful. Oh, hang on. Before I go to the bookshop, I should get some money first. Is there a bank nearby?
W: Yes. If you go straight across the first crossroad when coming out of the bus station, you’ll see the bank at the corner of Second Avenue. Opposite a small hairdresser’s.
M: I think I can remember all those directions. Thank you.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What will Jane Howard talk about at the meeting?
A. Marketing. B. Goods. C. Advertising.
19. Why will Sara be absent from the meeting?
A. Because of a workmate. B. Because of an illness. C. Because of a flight delay.
20. Where will the video about delivery be shown on the 27th?
A. In the Green Room. B. In the Red Room. C. In the Orange Room.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】My name is Norman Flagstaff, president of Australia Business Association. I’d like to welcome you all, some of whom come as far as Brisbane and Melbourne to this wonderful meeting in our capital — Canberra. And I hope you make most of your stay here. Now, I am afraid we have to make a few changes to the program. It’s important to note that the afternoon session will begin at 2:30 pm on Monday. The first talk on Marketing by Jane Howard will be held in the Green Room on the second floor. On Tuesday, the talk on “Goods” will not be given by Sara Moore due to an unforeseen illness, but by her workmate Barbara, in the Red Room on the second floor. We send our best wish and hope Sara Moore is back on her feet in no time. The talk on “Advertising” by Peter Smith has been cancelled due to a flight delay. On Wednesday we’ll be starting off the day with a video about delivery presented by the Keys Company. That’s the 27th, in the Orange Room. One thing before I finish. If there are any problems with times and locations of the days’ activities, please remember that there is a notice board on the first floor.
第二部分 阅读(共两节， 满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Disney’s musical, The Lion King, has been impressing West End audiences for 23 years. Based on the Disney animated film, its first performance was on Broadway in 1997 and The Lion King London opened in October 1999, playing to packed houses ever since!
Set on the magnificence of the Serengeti Plains and the exciting rhythms of Africa, Disney’s multi award-winning musical The Lion King at the Lyceum Theatre will redefine your expectations of theatre. The Lion King musical transports audiences to a dazzling world that explodes with glorious colors, stunning effects and fascinating music. At its heart is the powerful and moving story of Simba— the epic adventure of his journey from wide-eyed young to his destined role as King of the Pridelands, which touches the audiences most.
Reserve your tickets to The Lion King today !
Running time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Performance dates: 10 August 2022— 17 June 2023
Age restriction: Children under 3 years of age are not permitted to enter the Lyceum Theatre. The Lion King is recommended for ages 6 and up. All persons aged 16 or under must be accompanied by an adult and may not sit on their own within the theatre. All persons entering the theatre, regardless of age, must have a ticket.
Venue Information: Lyceum Theatre at 21 Wellington Street, London, WC2E 7EQ Group Pricing: Special pricing for groups of 10 or more. Check our group prices and save! Access: For wheelchair and access tickets to the Lyceum Theatre, please call 800-912-6972.
21. Which part of the musical is the most impressive?
A. The music. B. The cartoon. C. The plot. D. The setting.
22. What can we know about the performance?
A. There’s no discount for groups.
B. Kids under 3 are not to be admitted.
C. Tickets aren’t available to the disabled.
D. Those aged 16 can be offered free tickets.
23. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To attract people to watch the musical.
B. To show the popularity of the musical.
C. To release a new musical of Broadway.
D. To recommend the musical to children.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了音乐剧《狮子王》的一些基本信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At its heart is the powerful and moving story of Simba— the epic adventure of his journey from wide-eyed young to his destined role as King of the Pridelands, which touches the audiences most.( 这部电影的核心是辛巴强大而动人的故事——他从天真的年轻人到注定成为骄傲之地国王的史诗般的冒险之旅，这最打动观众。)”可知，音乐剧的情节最令人印象深刻，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Age restriction中的“Children under 3 years of age are not permitted to enter the Lyceum Theatre.( 3岁以下儿童不得进入Lyceum剧场。) ”可知，3岁以下儿童不能看表演，故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。这篇文章介绍了音乐剧《狮子王》的一些基本信息，包括它的背景，上演的时间，地点，票价等，因此这是一篇广告，目的是为了吸引人们去看音乐剧。故选A。
B
In the heart of the Antarctic there’s a unique post office staffed by a dedicated team and surrounded by jaw-dropping scenery that includes around 3,000 penguins. The “Penguin Post Office” is a nearly 80-year-old building on British-owned Goudier Island, which is about the size of a football field.
Each year, the post office hires four postmasters to live on the island from November to March. In addition to taking care of the 70,000 cards posted each year for delivery to 100 countries, the employees are in charge of wildlife monitoring, which includes counting penguins, and environmental data collection. They are also collectively responsible for maintaining the historic sites and tending on thousands of tourists who come by boat. Depending on the specific role, salaries range from about $US1,600 per month to $US2,300.
“The experience offers a different and new viewpoint on your role in the planet,” Camilla Nichol, the CEO of the post office said. “It’s an extraordinary place”. While applicants are initially intrigued by the penguins, they are warned it’s not an easy job. Employees must live without running water, internet or mobile phone service for five months. The team live together in a small room, and share a single bathroom and camping toilet. “You might be working 12-hour days. There’s not much time for rest and relaxation.” added Camilla Nichol. The employees are also responsible for keeping the site clean, which includes spending a lot of time brushing penguin waste off rocks.
The five-month role is widely sought-after. The post office gets thousands of applications for the postmaster position every year. In 2022, four women have been selected to run the world’s most remote post office in Antarctica among 6,000 people who expressed an interest in the roles. Successful candidates do a week of training in Cambridge before heading to the post office in November, where they remain until March the following year.
“This is my first time in Antarctica and I’m very excited to set foot on the white continent,” said Hilton, one of the four postmasters.
24. Which of the following best describes the job?
A. Risky but worthwhile. B. Dangerous but appealing.
C. Tough but significant. D. Boring but rewarding.
25. For what do people apply for the position?
A. Location. B. Penguins. C. Scenery. D. Salaries.
26. What can we learn from Camilla Nichol’s words?
A. You may become extraordinary.
B. The job may improve your life.
C. The job is relaxing but poorly conditioned.
D. You may have a new attitude towards the world.
27. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. The Coolest Job B. The Best-paid Position
C. The Dedicated Staff D. The Unique Adventure
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在南极的中心有一个独特的邮局，由一个专门的团队工作，周围是令人瞠目的风景，包括大约3000只企鹅。每年11月至次年3月，邮局都会雇佣4名邮政局长在岛上生活。文章对这种工作进行了介绍。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In addition to taking care of the 70,000 cards posted each year for delivery to 100 countries, the employees are in charge of wildlife monitoring, which includes counting penguins, and environmental data collection.”(除了处理每年寄往100个国家的7万张卡片外，这些员工还负责野生动物监测，包括统计企鹅数量和收集环境数据)，第三句“They are also collectively responsible for maintaining the historic sites and tending on thousands of tourists who come by boat.”(他们还共同负责维护历史古迹，并照顾成千上万乘船前来的游客)以及第三段第四句“Employees must live without running water, internet or mobile phone service for five months.”(员工必须在没有自来水、互联网和移动电话服务的情况下生活5个月)可知，这份工作非常艰辛，但是非常重要。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“While applicants are initially intrigued by the penguins, they are warned it’s not an easy job.”(虽然求职者最初是对企鹅很感兴趣，但他们被告知这不是一份容易的工作)可知，人们申请这个职位是为了企鹅。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句““The experience offers a different and new viewpoint on your role in the planet,” Camilla Nichol, the CEO of the post office said.”(该邮局的首席执行官卡米拉·尼科尔说：“这种体验让你对自己在地球上的角色有了不同的新看法。”)可知，我们可以从卡米拉·尼科尔的话中了解到你可能会对世界有了新的态度。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“In the heart of the Antarctic there’s a unique post office staffed by a dedicated team and surrounded by jaw-dropping scenery that includes around 3,000 penguins.”(在南极的中心有一个独特的邮局，由一个专门的团队工作，周围是令人瞠目的风景，包括大约3000只企鹅)，第二段第一句“Each year, the post office hires four postmasters to live on the island from November to March.”(每年11月至次年3月，邮局都会雇佣4名邮政局长在岛上生活)和最后一段““This is my first time in Antarctica and I’m very excited to set foot on the white continent,” said Hilton, one of the four postmasters.”(四位邮政局长之一的希尔顿说：“这是我第一次来南极洲，能踏上这片白色的大陆，我感到非常兴奋。”)可知，文章主要是介绍在南极的一种邮政工作。故选A。
C
The flower doesn’t use verbs or adjectives to tell a pollinator (传粉昆虫) that it looks pretty when the pollinator flies by, at least not as far as we know. But plants do respond to the sound of bees buzzing through the air, greeting them with more sweet nectar (花蜜) in hopes of attracting them to land. It is a poetic and practical language that increases everyone’s chances of survival. Scientists increasingly believe that animals and plants communicate with each other. Thanks to a new study on “natural language”, now there’s additional evidence that measures how evening primroses (月见草) respond to sound.
The research team played sounds like that of bees’ wings beating to evening primroses. The flowers vibrated (振动) when they heard the sounds. It’s as if they were listening. Other sounds, played at different frequencies, didn’t lead to the same result. The flowers vibrated, but didn’t increase the sweetness of their nectar production. The average sugar concentration was 20% higher in flowers exposed to pollinator-like frequencies, but remained stable at the sound of higher frequency recordings and silence.
These findings led the researchers to argue that flowers function as a plant’s ears, informing the plant as a whole of what’s going on nearby and when it’s time to attract a pollinator. Plants have to be sensitive to the sound of pollinators because they have an interdependent relationship with one another. The plants rely on the pollinators for reproduction, so they produce a sweeter nectar as a kind of seduction. And the bees eat the nectar, which means they’ll be adjusted to what the flowers are doing and drawn to the sweeter food. It pays for flowers to be able to distinguish between the sound of bats as compared to bees, for example, and for the pollinators, it’s worthwhile to find the best food in the least amount of time.
While this study is just a first step in understanding how plants respond to sound, and studies on other species must be done next to better understand how flowers listen.
28. How did the researchers do the experiment?
A. By vibrating the flowers. B. By exposing plants to pollinators.
C. By imitating the sound of insects. D. By increasing the sweetness of nectar.
29. What does the underlined word “seduction” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Production. B. Attraction. C. Value. D. Adjustment.
30. In which aspect do plants benefit from listening?
A. Saving resources. B. Providing more food.
C. Knowing different species. D. Promoting the reproduction.
31. What does the study mainly focus on?
A. How certain plants react to sound. B. How to interact with plants.
C. The languages used in nature. D. The methods of survival for plants.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家们越来越相信动物和植物是相互交流的。研究人员通过模仿昆虫的声音来做实验，研究植物是如何回应声音的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The research team played sounds like that of bees’ wings beating to evening primroses.”(研究小组播放了类似蜜蜂翅膀对月见草拍打的声音。)可知，研究人员通过模仿昆虫的声音来做实验。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句中的“The plants rely on the pollinators for reproduction”(植物依靠传粉昆虫来繁殖)和“so they produce a sweeter nectar”(所以它们会产生更甜的花蜜)可知，此处是指用更甜的花蜜吸引传粉昆虫。所以seduction意为“吸引”。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“These findings led the researchers to argue that flowers function as a plant’s ears, informing the plant as a whole of what’s going on nearby and when it’s time to attract a pollinator.”(这些发现使研究人员认为，花朵功能就像植物的耳朵，告诉植物周围发生了什么，以及什么时候吸引传粉者。)和第三句中的“The plants rely on the pollinators for reproduction”(植物依靠传粉昆虫来繁殖)可知，植物从听声音中获得的好处是促进繁殖。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“While this study is just a first step in understanding how plants respond to sound, and studies on other species must be done next to better understand how flowers listen.”(虽然这项研究只是了解植物如何响应声音的第一步，但为了更好地了解花是如何倾听的，接下来还必须对其他物种进行研究。)可知，这项研究主要关注某些植物是如何回应声音的。故选A。
D
China’s telescope, planned to be launched at the end of 2023, is expected to provide humankind with fresh knowledge about distant galaxies, mysterious dark matter, and the past and future evolutions of the universe.
Chinese Survey Space Telescope (CSST), also known as Xuntian Space Telescope, is a space-based optical (光学的) observatory for astronomers to carry out sky surveys, capturing a general map or images of the sky.
The CSST is a bus-sized facility with a length equal to that of a three-storied building. It has an aperture (孔径) of two meters, a bit smaller than the Hubble Space Telescope, but its field of view is 350 times larger than Hubble in area. “The field of view is the area of the sky a telescope can see at one time,” said Li Ran, project scientist of the CSST Scientific Data Reduction System. “Hubble’s field of view is approximately one percent of the size of a fingernail at an arm’s length, thereby the telescope, in its thirties, observed only a tiny part of the sky.” Li added.
The telescope, during its normal observations, will fly independently in the same orbit as China’s space station but will maintain a large distance apart. Li said the telescope was designed, in its initial plan, to be placed on the space station, but there would be disadvantages such as vibration, potential pollution and line-of-sight block from the space station. The CSST can land on the space station for refueling and servicing as needed.
“The telescope can bring China’s research in optical astronomy to the forefront of the world and help cultivate (培养) world-class Chinese scientists,” Li noted. “It can also take breathtaking visible pictures, allowing the public to directly feel and understand the universe.”
32. What can the CSST be used for?
A. Getting general map of the Earth. B. Aiding sky investigation.
C. Refueling the Chinese space station. D. Providing support for the universe evolution.
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The visual field of Hubble. B. The usable life span of a telescope.
C. The advantages of the CSST. D. The size of the aperture of Xuntian.
34. Why does the CSST fly independently in space?
A. To learn how to fly safely. B. To land accurately.
C. To get higher quality pictures. D. To avoid potential negative influence.
35. What is the significance of the CSST?
A. It can help to train the world’s astronomy scientists.
B. It will promote China’s ability in optical device making.
C. It will give the public chances to observe the universe directly.
D. It will help China hold a leading position in optical astronomy.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国巡天太空望远镜（CSST），也被称为“巽天”太空望远镜，是一种天基光学天文台，供天文学家进行天空巡天，捕捉天空的一般地图或图像。文章对中国巡天太空望远镜进行了详细介绍。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Chinese Survey Space Telescope (CSST), also known as Xuntian Space Telescope, is a space-based optical (光学的) observatory for astronomers to carry out sky surveys, capturing a general map or images of the sky.”(中国巡天太空望远镜（CSST），也被称为“巽天”太空望远镜，是一种天基光学天文台，供天文学家进行天空巡天，捕捉天空的一般地图或图像。)可知，CSST可以被用于协助天空调查。故选B。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“The CSST is a bus-sized facility with a length equal to that of a three-storied building. It has an aperture (孔径) of two meters, a bit smaller than the Hubble Space Telescope, but its field of view is 350 times larger than Hubble in area.”(CSST是公共汽车大小的设施，长度相当于3层楼。它的孔径为2米，比哈勃太空望远镜小一点，但它的视野面积是哈勃太空望远镜的350倍。)和最后一句中的“Hubble’s field of view is approximately one percent of the size of a fingernail at an arm’s length, thereby the telescope, in its thirties, observed only a tiny part of the sky.”(哈勃望远镜的视野在一臂的长度上大约是指甲大小的百分之一，因此，这台三十多岁的望远镜只能观测到天空的一小部分。)可知，第三段主要是讲相对于哈勃望远镜CSST的优势。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Li said the telescope was designed, in its initial plan, to be placed on the space station, but there would be disadvantages such as vibration, potential pollution and line-of-sight block from the space station.”(李说，在最初的计划中，这架望远镜被设计放在空间站上，但它会有一些缺点，比如振动、潜在的污染和空间站的视线遮挡。)可知，CSST在太空中独立飞行是为了避免潜在的负面影响。故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“The telescope can bring China’s research in optical astronomy to the forefront of the world and help cultivate (培养) world-class Chinese scientists”(该望远镜可以使中国的光学天文研究走在世界前列，并有助于培养世界级的中国科学家)可知，CSST的意义在于，它将有助于中国在光学天文学领域保持领先地位。故选D。
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。
We live in a time of increased stress in the world. Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain.___36___Everyone experiences stress to some degree.
The effects of stress on the body are numerous and are risk factors for a number of medical conditions.___37___One frequently reads of people who are able to do extraordinary things under stress, like lifting cars to free trapped children. Constant, or long-lasting stress, on the other hand, is often associated with health risks instead of benefits.
When one experiences stress, there are immediate effects on the body. The muscles usually tighten up suddenly. Some breathe harder and harder, while others may feel butterflies in the stomach, pain, nausea (恶心) or might even vomit. ___38___
Effects of stress on the body can also lead people to coping strategies that worsen their stress and their health. ___39___These strategies may seem to temporarily relieve stress, but they then contribute to overall poor health and risk factors for disease. Such methods of coping can snowball with stress into much higher risk factors for heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke.
___40___The longer and the more frequently one experiences stress, the more likely one will start having health problems. Some chronic (慢性的) effects of stress include: disorder of sleep patterns, headaches, stomachaches, weight gain or weight loss, and accumulation of fat. Some studies have focused on how the hormone cortisol (激素皮质醇) tends to stimulate fat storage around the stomach. Even more serious are the facts that chronic stress can lead to poor heart health, high blood pressure, and increased risk for heart attack and stroke.
A. It helps ease these symptoms.
B. All of these make the body tense.
C. There are also accumulative effects of stress on the body.
D. However, stress can have certain beneficial consequences.
E. Some people may smoke, or abuse alcohol as a reaction to stress.
F. It is our body’s response to anything that requires attention or action.
G. Most people can overcome the stress while a few may be overwhelmed.
【答案】36. F 37. D 38. B 39. E 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对压力对人体产生的影响进行了详细介绍。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain.”(压力可以被定义为导致身体、情绪或心理紧张的任何类型的变化。)可知，选项F中的it是指前文中提到的stress，压力是指应对需要注意或行动的事物产生的变化，所以选项F“它是我们身体对任何需要注意或行动的事情的反应。”切合文意。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据后文“One frequently reads of people who are able to do extraordinary things under stress, like lifting cars to free trapped children.”(人们经常读到有人能够在压力下做出非凡的事情，比如举起汽车解救被困的孩子。)可知，此处是指压力也有好处，和前文“The effects of stress on the body are numerous and are risk factors for a number of medical conditions.”(压力对身体的影响是多方面的，是一些医疗状况的危险因素。)构成转折关系。所以选项D“然而，压力也会带来一些有益的结果。”切合文意。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据前文“The muscles usually tighten up suddenly. Some breathe harder and harder, while others may feel butterflies in the stomach, pain, nausea (恶心) or might even vomit.”(肌肉通常会突然收紧。有些人呼吸越来越困难，而另一些人可能会感到胃部紧张、疼痛、恶心甚至呕吐。)可知，选项B中的all of these是指前文中提到的这些症状，这些对压力产生的反应会使身体紧张，所以选项B“所有这些都会使身体紧张。”切合文意。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Effects of stress on the body can also lead people to coping strategies that worsen their stress and their health.”(压力对身体的影响也会导致人们采取恶化压力和健康的应对策略。)和后文中的“These strategies”(这些策略)可知，此处是对恶化压力和健康的应对策略进行举例，所以选项E“一些人可能会吸烟或酗酒作为对压力的反应。”切合文意。故选E。
【40题详解】
根据后文“The longer and the more frequently one experiences stress, the more likely one will start having health problems. Some chronic ( 慢性 的) effects of stress include: disorder of sleep patterns, headaches, stomachaches, weight gain or weight loss, and accumulation of fat.”(一个人承受压力的时间越长、频率越高，就越有可能出现健康问题。压力的一些慢性影响包括：睡眠模式紊乱、头痛、胃痛、体重增加或减少以及脂肪堆积。)可知，此处是指压力对身体产生的累积影响，所以选项C“压力对身体也有累积效应。”切合文意。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选。
In 1968, I was a student at the High School in Beirut. When the time came to___41___tenth grade, I was sent home for not paying the schooling fee. This was a heartbreaking___42___, as I loved being in school and___43___wanted to continue my education.
I went home and spent the day___44___my father at his tire-repair shop. Three days later, one of my classmates came over and___45___me that my fee was fully paid. I returned to my classroom, but I kept___46___who had given me this golden opportunity. Upon my constant ___47___, the headmaster told me that the secret___48___was my English teacher, Olivia Balian. The whole year I sat in Ms. Balian’s class, thinking about her___49___action but unable to express my thanks. A year later, I moved to the U.K and eventually____50____two master’s degrees.
I never forgot the____51____and generosity of Ms. Balian. Almost 40 years later, I returned to Beirut for the first time to____52____$4.5 million to all 28 high schools in Lebanon, among which was my former high school. While in Lebanon, I visited Ms. Balian. She was as____53____to see me as I was to see her. Without her____54____assistance, I probably would have spent the rest of my life____55____tires at my father’s shop in Beirut.
41. A. miss out B. register for C. give up D. work out
42. A. sacrifice B. example C. adventure D. experience
43. A. desperately B. frequently C. impatiently D. widely
44 A. instructing B. favoring C. assisting D. comforting
45. A. informed B. convinced C. reminded D. warned
46. A. imagining B. observing C. remembering D. wondering
47. A. suggestions B. requests C. remarks D. comments
48. A. rescuer B. deliverer C. supporter D. follower
49. A. generous B. polite C. temporary D. careful
50. A. developed B. required C. discovered D. obtained
51. A. trust B. kindness C. devotion D. courage
52. A. earn B. show C. donate D. save
53. A. thrilled B. scared C. ashamed D. amused
54. A. technical B. legal C. conditional D. timely
55. A. inventing B. repairing C. controlling D. designing
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者上学的时候得到英语老师善意的帮助，成功后不忘回报并继续传递爱心的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：到了十年级报名的时候，我因为没交学费被送回家了。A. miss out遗漏；B. register for注册报名；C. give up放弃；D. work out解决。根据下文“tenth grade”和常识可知，应该是注册报名，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一次令人心碎的经历，因为我喜欢上学，非常想继续我的教育。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. example例子；C. adventure冒险；D. experience经历。根据上文“I was sent home for not paying the schooling fee”可知，应该是一次令人心碎的经历，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. desperately非常；B. frequently频繁地；C. impatiently不耐烦地；D. widely普遍地。根据上文“I loved being in school”可知，作者非常想继续教育，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到家，在父亲轮胎修理店帮忙。A. instructing指导；B. favoring更喜爱；C. assisting帮助；D. comforting安慰。根据下文“my father at his tire-repair shop”可知，作者没有学费上学，所以去父亲的轮胎修理店帮忙。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三天后，我的一个同学过来告诉我，我的学费已经交完了。A. informed告知；B. convinced使信服；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。根据下文“that my fee was fully paid”可知，作者的同学告诉他学费交完了，故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到教室，但我一直在想是谁给了我这个千载难逢的机会。A. imagining想象；B. observing观察；C. remembering记住；D. wondering想知道。根据上文可知，作者没有学费上学，后来同学告诉作者学费交完了，所以作者应该一直想知道是谁帮助了他，故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我不断的要求下，校长告诉我，这位秘密支持者是我的英语老师奥利维亚·巴里安。A. suggestions建议；B. requests要求；C. remarks观察；D. comments评论。根据上文“but I kept___6___who had given me this golden opportunity”可知，作者一直想知道，所以不断的要求校长告诉他是谁帮助了他，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rescuer救助者；B. deliverer递送人；C. supporter支持者；D. follower跟随者。根据上文“Three days later, one of my classmates came over and___5___me that my fee was fully paid.”可知，此处指那个帮作者交学费的人，也就是支持者，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整整一年，我坐在巴里安老师的课堂上，想着她慷慨的行为，却无法表达我的感激之情。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. temporary临时的；D. careful仔细的。根据上文“Upon my constant ___7___, the headmaster told me that the secret___8___was my English teacher, Olivia Balian.”可知，巴里安帮助作者交学费，支持他，所以她的行为应该是慷慨的，故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，我搬到了英国，最终获得了两个硕士学位。A. developed发展；B. required要求；C. discovered发现；D. obtained获得。根据下文“two master’s degrees”可知，此处应是获得学位，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未忘记巴里安女士的善良和慷慨。A. trust信任；B. kindness善良；C. devotion献身；D. courage勇气。根据下文“generosity of Ms. Balian”可知，此处讲述的是英语老师的善良和慷慨，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约40年后，我第一次回到贝鲁特，向黎巴嫩所有28所高中捐赠了450万美元，其中包括我以前就读的高中。A. earn赚取；B. show展示；C. donate捐赠；D. save挽救。根据下文“$4.5 million to all 28 high schools in Lebanon”可知，此处是捐钱，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她见到我就像我见到她一样激动。A. thrilled激动的；B. scared害怕的；C. ashamed惭愧的；D. amused愉快的。根据上文“I never forgot the___11___and generosity of Ms. Balian.”可知，作者一直没有忘记自己的英语老师，一直想着她的善良和慷慨，所以再见面一定是激动的，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果没有她的及时帮助，我的余生可能都要在我父亲在贝鲁特的店里修理轮胎了。A. technical技术的；B. legal法律的；C. conditional有前提的；D. timely及时的。根据下文“I probably would have spent the rest of my life___15___tires at my father’s shop in Beirut.”可知，没有自己英语老师的及时帮助，作者可能会在爸爸的修理店里度过余生，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. inventing发明；B. repairing修理；C. controlling控制；D. designing设计。根据“tires at my father’s shop in Beirut.”可知，此处指作者在自己爸爸的修理店里修理轮胎，故选B。
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分， 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A key section of the extensive Silk Road network is the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor(走廊),___56___stretches over a distance of around 5,000 kilometres, ___57___(cover) a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes.
The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century BC. ___58___(assign) by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian___59___(journey) from Chang’an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships___60___(strength) between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire. The network expanded___61___ (gradual), playing an important role in world history between 6th and 14th century, ___62___ it remained in use until the 16th century.
At the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to___63___(it) light weight and high value. In addition to trade exchange, the network served___64___a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies. In the modern age, through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Silk Road is once again connecting the____65____ (country) along the ancient trade routes and promoting the exchanges of different civilizations.
【答案】56. which
57. covering
58. Assigned
59. journeyed
60. were strengthened##strengthened
61. gradually
62. and 63. its
64. as 65. countries
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史及发展。
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：广阔的丝绸之路网络的一个关键部分是长安-天山走廊，该走廊绵延约5000公里，涵盖了总共8700公里的贸易路线。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chang’an-Tianshan corridor(走廊)，指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。
【57题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：同上。设空处为非谓语，和它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填covering。
【58题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：张骞受命从长安前往中亚，试图在汉朝和西域之间架起桥梁。分析可知设空处为非谓语动词，和它的逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Assigned。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：同上。分析可知，设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填journeyed。
【60题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在张骞的努力下，商路得以形成，当时大国之间的关系得以加强，商路网络远达罗马帝国。设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语relationships和strengthen之间可以用主动语态也可以用被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数形式，故填were strengthened/strengthened。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：这一网络逐渐扩大，在6世纪至14世纪的世界历史上发挥了重要作用，一直使用到16世纪。设空处修饰动词expanded作状语，应用副词形式，故填gradually。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：同上。设空处连接前后两个句子是并列关系，故填and。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：在丝绸之路发展的初期，丝绸因其重量轻、价值高而成为贸易清单上的主要商品。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【64题详解】
考查介词和固定短语。句意：除了贸易交流，该网络还充当了文化交流的桥梁，影响了科学、艺术、技术和社会许多其他领域的发展。短语serve as，意为“充当， 担任”，符合句意，故填as。
【65题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在现代，通过“一带一路”倡议，丝绸之路再次连接着古代贸易路线沿线国家，促进了不同文明的交流。设空处为名词做宾语，表示沿线国家，所以不只一个国家，应用复数形式，故填countries。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
66. 学校英文报正在组织以 How to Study Effectively on Line 为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括:
1. 上网课的经历；
2. 提出你的建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】How to Study Effectively on Line
Recently, learning online has become an important way to study. We had to attend online classes at home. When I first started online class, I wanted to chat with my friends. But soon I couldn’t catch up with what the teacher said and missed the key content of the subjects. Then I altered my attitude and paid much attention to the classes.
As far as I am concerned, we should be strict with ourselves. Make a specific schedule and respect the online class rules. Only in this way can we concentrate on our studies and learn effectively online.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于学校英文报正在组织以How to Study Effectively on Line 为主题的征文活动，写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要的：important→ vital
改变：alter→ change
关注：pay attention to→ concentrate on
跟上：catch up with→ keep up with
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Then I altered my attitude and paid much attention to the classes.
拓展句：Then I altered my attitude so that I paid much attention to the classes.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When I first started online class, I wanted to chat with my friends.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句。）
【高分句型2】Only in this way can we concentrate on our studies and learn effectively online.（运用了部分倒装。）
第二节 (满分 25 分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Only eight days until Thanksgiving and there wasn’t going to be enough money to grocery shop for the holiday. It was hard to put everyday food on the table for three growing teen boys with the little I earned from work. There was only a few small sweet potatoes, one can of green beans, and two chicken breasts.
The next day, I met my friend and neighbor, Aleta, at her home. Her four boys and my kids were good friends. Her husband had recently lost his job due to illness, and financial difficulties hovered (盘旋) over their household as well.
“Hey, I have an idea how we can put together a meal where everyone will have enough. ”I proposed.
“I have a few cans of green beans, about three pounds of chicken legs, and three apples. ”she said.
“Great. Let’s meet at my house at 2:00 in the afternoon. If you have some peanut butter, I have enough flour and ingredients to make cookies. ”
Four days before Thanksgiving I had finished baking the cookies. My friend called with news about a family living in our community who needed help with food and bills. The father had been in an accident and unable to work for the last few months.
We didn’t know the family well, but my friend and I went to visit them with our holiday cookies, hoping to help in some way. While everyone chatted, I walked into their kitchen to see about the food situation. The cupboards were almost empty. No exaggeration. A single can of soup, and a box of cereal (麦片) sat alone in the cupboard. That’s it. I was shocked.
Aleta and I knew the life during hard times. We left the house, eagerly wanting to help. But what could we do? Our own finance sand food situation left nothing to spare.
Almost at the same time, our thoughts connected. Without a word, we looked at each other, asking ourselves the same question. Could we sacrifice a little more and give the family our holiday meal？
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“How can we help them?” I asked the kids.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Thanksgiving Day, we delivered two full bags of groceries to the family.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】“How can we help them?” I asked the kids. “How about earning some money to help them out?” suggested my eight-year-old boy. “We can do some yard work!” the older brother shouted. Aleta’s children also showed great interest in it. Before long, the kids grabbed the lawnmower and various gardening tools, and headed out. Although it was late in the afternoon, they still managed to find a few “customers”. During the following three days, the kids worked so hard that they did manage to earn enough to purchase some groceries.
On Thanksgiving Day, we delivered two full bags of groceries to the family. Their young children jumped with excitement as they pulled groceries out of the bags. At the sight of this, the parents burst out crying. With grateful tears in their eyes, they offered us a big warm hug. It was such a great thing to see the excited faces of the children, and a warm current flowed through my body. That is what Thanksgiving is all about: give and share love with the people that we care about.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者在困难时期和同样困难的邻居一起准备过感恩节，但是面对一个极度困难的家庭，作者和邻居非常想要帮助他们，通过努力，给他们送去了许多杂货食品。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容““我们怎样才能帮助他们？”我问孩子们。”可知，第一段可描写作者和邻居家的孩子们提议通过劳动来赚钱并付诸行动。
②由第二段首句内容“感恩节那天，我们给这家人送去了整整两袋食品杂货。”可知，第二段可描写这家人收到物品后非常激动和感激，作者也感到很温暖。
2.续写线索：建议——劳动赚钱——感谢——拥抱——温暖——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.赚钱：earn/make
②.建议：suggest/advise
③.关心：care about/concern about
情绪类
①.感激的：grateful/thankful
②.突然哭起来：burst out crying/burst into tears
【点睛】[高分句型1] That is what Thanksgiving is all about: give and share love with the people that we care about. (运用了what引导的表语从句和that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] With grateful tears in their eyes, they offered us a big warm hug. (运用了with独立主格结构)
2022-2023学年度部分学校高三教学质量摸底检测
英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答 案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B 、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Here’s the weather forecast for the next few days. We’ve got sunny skies at the moment but that’s not going to last long.
W: By tomorrow it will be cloudy but it won’t actually rain till Saturday.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman doing?
A. Watching TV. B. Doing homework. C. Listening to music.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi Annie. It’s Tony here. Are you busy?
W: Not really. I’m listening to music at the moment. I have done all my homework quickly because there’s a TV program I want to see. It’ll start in about half an hour.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers probably talking about?
A. A course. B. An aircraft. C. A crewman.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tell me about your training to be a member of the cabin crew, David. What did you learn from the course?
M: During the first two weeks training was basically about the airline and customer service. We also learned about the types of aircraft and first-aid skills.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did the woman get home last night?
A. By train. B. By car. C. By bus.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I didn’t see you leave the party last night Sarah. I thought you were getting the train at twelve.
W: I was so tired that I decided to get an earlier bus.
M: Did you have to wait long?
W: Well, in the end Pete drove past the bus stop and I got a lift with him.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the man be at 8 tomorrow morning?
A. In the dining room. B. At the reception desk. C. In his office.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I hope you’ll have a very happy stay in the hotel. If you have any questions, I’ll be in the dining room between 7 and 8 this evening. I spend every morning between 8 and 10 in my office just over there and I’m happy to talk to you then.
W: Can we leave any message for you at reception?
M: Of course.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C三个 选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How did the man get the university brochure?
A. From the woman. B. From the Internet. C. From a friend.
7. What is the A-level entrance requirement for the course?
A. BBC. B. BBB. C. BCC.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, I’m considering applying to your university and would like to ask you some questions.
W: Of course. Which course are you thinking of applying for?
M: Asian Studies. A friend of mine said it was useful.
W: I see. Do you have a copy of the university brochure?
M: Yes, I do. I downloaded it.
W: So, you know that it’s a four-year course, including one year living and working in the region.
M: OK. The A-level entrance requirement is BCC, right?
W: Yes, but on average our students have 3 Bs.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What will the woman do first on Wednesday?
A. Work in a lab. B. Go to a tutorial. C. Attend a lecture.
9. When does the woman have the most relaxed day?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
10. How will the woman spend her weekend?
A. Finishing homework. B. Taking classes. C. Enjoying leisure.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】M: You’ve got a rather busy week ahead of you, haven’t you?
W: Well, actually, Wednesday’s my busiest. I’ve got two tutorials, a lecture and a chemistry lab. The lab’s first thing at 8 am. That goes until 10 am. Then, my first tutorial starts at 10 am and continues to 12. I get two hours’ break for lunch and relaxation. Then at 2 pm I’ve got another tutorial. That goes for two hours. Last I’ve got my genetics lecture.
M: Whew! That sounds like quite a full day tomorrow. What about the rest of the week?
W: Well, I’ve got nothing to do on Thursday, thankfully. And Friday’s a short day; I’ve just got a lecture from 10 am to 11 am. So I’m free to enjoy the weekend!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What does the man want to see about the report first?
A. The topic. B. The outline. C. The reference books.
12. What is the man’s attitude towards referring to other students’ reports?
A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful.
13. Which book is hard to borrow from the library?
A. Reports and You.
B. Mastering Your Reports.
C. Report Research Techniques.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C
【解析】
【原文】M: The deadline for your report is 28 May. Is there anything you’d like to ask?
W: Yes we can choose any topics we like, can’t we?
M: Well, do remember to get your topic approved by your tutor first — oh, that’s me, isn’t it?
W: What would you like us to show you initially, apart from the title?
M: Well, I’d like to see a basic list of books you want to read and an outline of your report.
W: OK. We have the research guide to help us. Can we look at what other students have done in the past?
M: Yes, it can be helpful. Well, there are some books in the library that can help you with planning a report.
W: Great!
M: For example, my personal favorite is “Reports and You”. Another good one is “Mastering Your Reports”. There’s a book about research techniques. Oh, it’s called “Report Research Techniques”. It’s a very good book. But there are only two copies in the library. So it’s hard to borrow it from the library.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What should the man do at the first crossroad while walking to the library?
A. Turn left. B. Go straight. C. Turn right.
15. Where is the library?
A. On Hill Road. B. On First Avenue. C. On Second Avenue.
16. What is next to the bookstore?
A. A hotel. B. A pub. C. A post office.
17. What does the man want to do before going to the bookstore?
A. Withdraw some money. B. Have a haircut. C. Do some shopping.
【答案】14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you tell me where the university library is?
W: Yes, when you leave the bus station, you should turn right. And if you walk a little way down the road, you’ll come to a crossroad. Make a right turn into First Avenue. So you walk along this street, about two blocks further. There’s another crossroad, and this time you turn left into Hill Road.
M: OK, then?
W: As you walk up Hill Road, you’ll see the post office on your left, and next to it is a large supermarket. The library’s just across the road from it, on your right.
M: OK.
W: It’s a distinctive building, easy to spot, next to a big hotel.
M: Great. Actually, I am eager to find a good bookshop. Are there any nearby?
W: Yes, I think the one on First Avenue is probably the best.
M: How do I get there?
W: Well, instead of turning left up Hill Road at the second crossroad, just carry on straight.You’ll see a pub on the corner. Then it’s the next building.
M: Wonderful. Oh, hang on. Before I go to the bookshop, I should get some money first. Is there a bank nearby?
W: Yes. If you go straight across the first crossroad when coming out of the bus station, you’ll see the bank at the corner of Second Avenue. Opposite a small hairdresser’s.
M: I think I can remember all those directions. Thank you.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What will Jane Howard talk about at the meeting?
A. Marketing. B. Goods. C. Advertising.
19. Why will Sara be absent from the meeting?
A. Because of a workmate. B. Because of an illness. C. Because of a flight delay.
20. Where will the video about delivery be shown on the 27th?
A. In the Green Room. B. In the Red Room. C. In the Orange Room.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】My name is Norman Flagstaff, president of Australia Business Association. I’d like to welcome you all, some of whom come as far as Brisbane and Melbourne to this wonderful meeting in our capital — Canberra. And I hope you make most of your stay here. Now, I am afraid we have to make a few changes to the program. It’s important to note that the afternoon session will begin at 2:30 pm on Monday. The first talk on Marketing by Jane Howard will be held in the Green Room on the second floor. On Tuesday, the talk on “Goods” will not be given by Sara Moore due to an unforeseen illness, but by her workmate Barbara, in the Red Room on the second floor. We send our best wish and hope Sara Moore is back on her feet in no time. The talk on “Advertising” by Peter Smith has been cancelled due to a flight delay. On Wednesday we’ll be starting off the day with a video about delivery presented by the Keys Company. That’s the 27th, in the Orange Room. One thing before I finish. If there are any problems with times and locations of the days’ activities, please remember that there is a notice board on the first floor.
第二部分 阅读(共两节， 满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Disney’s musical, The Lion King, has been impressing West End audiences for 23 years. Based on the Disney animated film, its first performance was on Broadway in 1997 and The Lion King London opened in October 1999, playing to packed houses ever since!
Set on the magnificence of the Serengeti Plains and the exciting rhythms of Africa, Disney’s multi award-winning musical The Lion King at the Lyceum Theatre will redefine your expectations of theatre. The Lion King musical transports audiences to a dazzling world that explodes with glorious colors, stunning effects and fascinating music. At its heart is the powerful and moving story of Simba— the epic adventure of his journey from wide-eyed young to his destined role as King of the Pridelands, which touches the audiences most.
Reserve your tickets to The Lion King today !
Running time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Performance dates: 10 August 2022— 17 June 2023
Age restriction: Children under 3 years of age are not permitted to enter the Lyceum Theatre. The Lion King is recommended for ages 6 and up. All persons aged 16 or under must be accompanied by an adult and may not sit on their own within the theatre. All persons entering the theatre, regardless of age, must have a ticket.
Venue Information: Lyceum Theatre at 21 Wellington Street, London, WC2E 7EQ Group Pricing: Special pricing for groups of 10 or more. Check our group prices and save! Access: For wheelchair and access tickets to the Lyceum Theatre, please call 800-912-6972.
21. Which part of the musical is the most impressive?
A. The music. B. The cartoon. C. The plot. D. The setting.
22. What can we know about the performance?
A. There’s no discount for groups.
B. Kids under 3 are not to be admitted.
C. Tickets aren’t available to the disabled.
D. Those aged 16 can be offered free tickets.
23. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To attract people to watch the musical.
B. To show the popularity of the musical.
C. To release a new musical of Broadway.
D. To recommend the musical to children.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了音乐剧《狮子王》的一些基本信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At its heart is the powerful and moving story of Simba— the epic adventure of his journey from wide-eyed young to his destined role as King of the Pridelands, which touches the audiences most.( 这部电影的核心是辛巴强大而动人的故事——他从天真的年轻人到注定成为骄傲之地国王的史诗般的冒险之旅，这最打动观众。)”可知，音乐剧的情节最令人印象深刻，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Age restriction中的“Children under 3 years of age are not permitted to enter the Lyceum Theatre.( 3岁以下儿童不得进入Lyceum剧场。) ”可知，3岁以下儿童不能看表演，故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。这篇文章介绍了音乐剧《狮子王》的一些基本信息，包括它的背景，上演的时间，地点，票价等，因此这是一篇广告，目的是为了吸引人们去看音乐剧。故选A。
B
In the heart of the Antarctic there’s a unique post office staffed by a dedicated team and surrounded by jaw-dropping scenery that includes around 3,000 penguins. The “Penguin Post Office” is a nearly 80-year-old building on British-owned Goudier Island, which is about the size of a football field.
Each year, the post office hires four postmasters to live on the island from November to March. In addition to taking care of the 70,000 cards posted each year for delivery to 100 countries, the employees are in charge of wildlife monitoring, which includes counting penguins, and environmental data collection. They are also collectively responsible for maintaining the historic sites and tending on thousands of tourists who come by boat. Depending on the specific role, salaries range from about $US1,600 per month to $US2,300.
“The experience offers a different and new viewpoint on your role in the planet,” Camilla Nichol, the CEO of the post office said. “It’s an extraordinary place”. While applicants are initially intrigued by the penguins, they are warned it’s not an easy job. Employees must live without running water, internet or mobile phone service for five months. The team live together in a small room, and share a single bathroom and camping toilet. “You might be working 12-hour days. There’s not much time for rest and relaxation.” added Camilla Nichol. The employees are also responsible for keeping the site clean, which includes spending a lot of time brushing penguin waste off rocks.
The five-month role is widely sought-after. The post office gets thousands of applications for the postmaster position every year. In 2022, four women have been selected to run the world’s most remote post office in Antarctica among 6,000 people who expressed an interest in the roles. Successful candidates do a week of training in Cambridge before heading to the post office in November, where they remain until March the following year.
“This is my first time in Antarctica and I’m very excited to set foot on the white continent,” said Hilton, one of the four postmasters.
24. Which of the following best describes the job?
A. Risky but worthwhile. B. Dangerous but appealing.
C. Tough but significant. D. Boring but rewarding.
25. For what do people apply for the position?
A. Location. B. Penguins. C. Scenery. D. Salaries.
26. What can we learn from Camilla Nichol’s words?
A. You may become extraordinary.
B. The job may improve your life.
C. The job is relaxing but poorly conditioned.
D. You may have a new attitude towards the world.
27. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. The Coolest Job B. The Best-paid Position
C. The Dedicated Staff D. The Unique Adventure
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在南极的中心有一个独特的邮局，由一个专门的团队工作，周围是令人瞠目的风景，包括大约3000只企鹅。每年11月至次年3月，邮局都会雇佣4名邮政局长在岛上生活。文章对这种工作进行了介绍。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In addition to taking care of the 70,000 cards posted each year for delivery to 100 countries, the employees are in charge of wildlife monitoring, which includes counting penguins, and environmental data collection.”(除了处理每年寄往100个国家的7万张卡片外，这些员工还负责野生动物监测，包括统计企鹅数量和收集环境数据)，第三句“They are also collectively responsible for maintaining the historic sites and tending on thousands of tourists who come by boat.”(他们还共同负责维护历史古迹，并照顾成千上万乘船前来的游客)以及第三段第四句“Employees must live without running water, internet or mobile phone service for five months.”(员工必须在没有自来水、互联网和移动电话服务的情况下生活5个月)可知，这份工作非常艰辛，但是非常重要。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“While applicants are initially intrigued by the penguins, they are warned it’s not an easy job.”(虽然求职者最初是对企鹅很感兴趣，但他们被告知这不是一份容易的工作)可知，人们申请这个职位是为了企鹅。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句““The experience offers a different and new viewpoint on your role in the planet,” Camilla Nichol, the CEO of the post office said.”(该邮局的首席执行官卡米拉·尼科尔说：“这种体验让你对自己在地球上的角色有了不同的新看法。”)可知，我们可以从卡米拉·尼科尔的话中了解到你可能会对世界有了新的态度。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“In the heart of the Antarctic there’s a unique post office staffed by a dedicated team and surrounded by jaw-dropping scenery that includes around 3,000 penguins.”(在南极的中心有一个独特的邮局，由一个专门的团队工作，周围是令人瞠目的风景，包括大约3000只企鹅)，第二段第一句“Each year, the post office hires four postmasters to live on the island from November to March.”(每年11月至次年3月，邮局都会雇佣4名邮政局长在岛上生活)和最后一段““This is my first time in Antarctica and I’m very excited to set foot on the white continent,” said Hilton, one of the four postmasters.”(四位邮政局长之一的希尔顿说：“这是我第一次来南极洲，能踏上这片白色的大陆，我感到非常兴奋。”)可知，文章主要是介绍在南极的一种邮政工作。故选A。
C
The flower doesn’t use verbs or adjectives to tell a pollinator (传粉昆虫) that it looks pretty when the pollinator flies by, at least not as far as we know. But plants do respond to the sound of bees buzzing through the air, greeting them with more sweet nectar (花蜜) in hopes of attracting them to land. It is a poetic and practical language that increases everyone’s chances of survival. Scientists increasingly believe that animals and plants communicate with each other. Thanks to a new study on “natural language”, now there’s additional evidence that measures how evening primroses (月见草) respond to sound.
The research team played sounds like that of bees’ wings beating to evening primroses. The flowers vibrated (振动) when they heard the sounds. It’s as if they were listening. Other sounds, played at different frequencies, didn’t lead to the same result. The flowers vibrated, but didn’t increase the sweetness of their nectar production. The average sugar concentration was 20% higher in flowers exposed to pollinator-like frequencies, but remained stable at the sound of higher frequency recordings and silence.
These findings led the researchers to argue that flowers function as a plant’s ears, informing the plant as a whole of what’s going on nearby and when it’s time to attract a pollinator. Plants have to be sensitive to the sound of pollinators because they have an interdependent relationship with one another. The plants rely on the pollinators for reproduction, so they produce a sweeter nectar as a kind of seduction. And the bees eat the nectar, which means they’ll be adjusted to what the flowers are doing and drawn to the sweeter food. It pays for flowers to be able to distinguish between the sound of bats as compared to bees, for example, and for the pollinators, it’s worthwhile to find the best food in the least amount of time.
While this study is just a first step in understanding how plants respond to sound, and studies on other species must be done next to better understand how flowers listen.
28. How did the researchers do the experiment?
A. By vibrating the flowers. B. By exposing plants to pollinators.
C. By imitating the sound of insects. D. By increasing the sweetness of nectar.
29. What does the underlined word “seduction” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Production. B. Attraction. C. Value. D. Adjustment.
30. In which aspect do plants benefit from listening?
A. Saving resources. B. Providing more food.
C. Knowing different species. D. Promoting the reproduction.
31. What does the study mainly focus on?
A. How certain plants react to sound. B. How to interact with plants.
C. The languages used in nature. D. The methods of survival for plants.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家们越来越相信动物和植物是相互交流的。研究人员通过模仿昆虫的声音来做实验，研究植物是如何回应声音的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The research team played sounds like that of bees’ wings beating to evening primroses.”(研究小组播放了类似蜜蜂翅膀对月见草拍打的声音。)可知，研究人员通过模仿昆虫的声音来做实验。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句中的“The plants rely on the pollinators for reproduction”(植物依靠传粉昆虫来繁殖)和“so they produce a sweeter nectar”(所以它们会产生更甜的花蜜)可知，此处是指用更甜的花蜜吸引传粉昆虫。所以seduction意为“吸引”。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“These findings led the researchers to argue that flowers function as a plant’s ears, informing the plant as a whole of what’s going on nearby and when it’s time to attract a pollinator.”(这些发现使研究人员认为，花朵功能就像植物的耳朵，告诉植物周围发生了什么，以及什么时候吸引传粉者。)和第三句中的“The plants rely on the pollinators for reproduction”(植物依靠传粉昆虫来繁殖)可知，植物从听声音中获得的好处是促进繁殖。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“While this study is just a first step in understanding how plants respond to sound, and studies on other species must be done next to better understand how flowers listen.”(虽然这项研究只是了解植物如何响应声音的第一步，但为了更好地了解花是如何倾听的，接下来还必须对其他物种进行研究。)可知，这项研究主要关注某些植物是如何回应声音的。故选A。
D
China’s telescope, planned to be launched at the end of 2023, is expected to provide humankind with fresh knowledge about distant galaxies, mysterious dark matter, and the past and future evolutions of the universe.
Chinese Survey Space Telescope (CSST), also known as Xuntian Space Telescope, is a space-based optical (光学的) observatory for astronomers to carry out sky surveys, capturing a general map or images of the sky.
The CSST is a bus-sized facility with a length equal to that of a three-storied building. It has an aperture (孔径) of two meters, a bit smaller than the Hubble Space Telescope, but its field of view is 350 times larger than Hubble in area. “The field of view is the area of the sky a telescope can see at one time,” said Li Ran, project scientist of the CSST Scientific Data Reduction System. “Hubble’s field of view is approximately one percent of the size of a fingernail at an arm’s length, thereby the telescope, in its thirties, observed only a tiny part of the sky.” Li added.
The telescope, during its normal observations, will fly independently in the same orbit as China’s space station but will maintain a large distance apart. Li said the telescope was designed, in its initial plan, to be placed on the space station, but there would be disadvantages such as vibration, potential pollution and line-of-sight block from the space station. The CSST can land on the space station for refueling and servicing as needed.
“The telescope can bring China’s research in optical astronomy to the forefront of the world and help cultivate (培养) world-class Chinese scientists,” Li noted. “It can also take breathtaking visible pictures, allowing the public to directly feel and understand the universe.”
32. What can the CSST be used for?
A. Getting general map of the Earth. B. Aiding sky investigation.
C. Refueling the Chinese space station. D. Providing support for the universe evolution.
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The visual field of Hubble. B. The usable life span of a telescope.
C. The advantages of the CSST. D. The size of the aperture of Xuntian.
34. Why does the CSST fly independently in space?
A. To learn how to fly safely. B. To land accurately.
C. To get higher quality pictures. D. To avoid potential negative influence.
35. What is the significance of the CSST?
A. It can help to train the world’s astronomy scientists.
B. It will promote China’s ability in optical device making.
C. It will give the public chances to observe the universe directly.
D. It will help China hold a leading position in optical astronomy.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国巡天太空望远镜（CSST），也被称为“巽天”太空望远镜，是一种天基光学天文台，供天文学家进行天空巡天，捕捉天空的一般地图或图像。文章对中国巡天太空望远镜进行了详细介绍。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Chinese Survey Space Telescope (CSST), also known as Xuntian Space Telescope, is a space-based optical (光学的) observatory for astronomers to carry out sky surveys, capturing a general map or images of the sky.”(中国巡天太空望远镜（CSST），也被称为“巽天”太空望远镜，是一种天基光学天文台，供天文学家进行天空巡天，捕捉天空的一般地图或图像。)可知，CSST可以被用于协助天空调查。故选B。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“The CSST is a bus-sized facility with a length equal to that of a three-storied building. It has an aperture (孔径) of two meters, a bit smaller than the Hubble Space Telescope, but its field of view is 350 times larger than Hubble in area.”(CSST是公共汽车大小的设施，长度相当于3层楼。它的孔径为2米，比哈勃太空望远镜小一点，但它的视野面积是哈勃太空望远镜的350倍。)和最后一句中的“Hubble’s field of view is approximately one percent of the size of a fingernail at an arm’s length, thereby the telescope, in its thirties, observed only a tiny part of the sky.”(哈勃望远镜的视野在一臂的长度上大约是指甲大小的百分之一，因此，这台三十多岁的望远镜只能观测到天空的一小部分。)可知，第三段主要是讲相对于哈勃望远镜CSST的优势。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Li said the telescope was designed, in its initial plan, to be placed on the space station, but there would be disadvantages such as vibration, potential pollution and line-of-sight block from the space station.”(李说，在最初的计划中，这架望远镜被设计放在空间站上，但它会有一些缺点，比如振动、潜在的污染和空间站的视线遮挡。)可知，CSST在太空中独立飞行是为了避免潜在的负面影响。故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“The telescope can bring China’s research in optical astronomy to the forefront of the world and help cultivate (培养) world-class Chinese scientists”(该望远镜可以使中国的光学天文研究走在世界前列，并有助于培养世界级的中国科学家)可知，CSST的意义在于，它将有助于中国在光学天文学领域保持领先地位。故选D。
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。
We live in a time of increased stress in the world. Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain.___36___Everyone experiences stress to some degree.
The effects of stress on the body are numerous and are risk factors for a number of medical conditions.___37___One frequently reads of people who are able to do extraordinary things under stress, like lifting cars to free trapped children. Constant, or long-lasting stress, on the other hand, is often associated with health risks instead of benefits.
When one experiences stress, there are immediate effects on the body. The muscles usually tighten up suddenly. Some breathe harder and harder, while others may feel butterflies in the stomach, pain, nausea (恶心) or might even vomit. ___38___
Effects of stress on the body can also lead people to coping strategies that worsen their stress and their health. ___39___These strategies may seem to temporarily relieve stress, but they then contribute to overall poor health and risk factors for disease. Such methods of coping can snowball with stress into much higher risk factors for heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke.
___40___The longer and the more frequently one experiences stress, the more likely one will start having health problems. Some chronic (慢性的) effects of stress include: disorder of sleep patterns, headaches, stomachaches, weight gain or weight loss, and accumulation of fat. Some studies have focused on how the hormone cortisol (激素皮质醇) tends to stimulate fat storage around the stomach. Even more serious are the facts that chronic stress can lead to poor heart health, high blood pressure, and increased risk for heart attack and stroke.
A. It helps ease these symptoms.
B. All of these make the body tense.
C. There are also accumulative effects of stress on the body.
D. However, stress can have certain beneficial consequences.
E. Some people may smoke, or abuse alcohol as a reaction to stress.
F. It is our body’s response to anything that requires attention or action.
G. Most people can overcome the stress while a few may be overwhelmed.
【答案】36. F 37. D 38. B 39. E 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对压力对人体产生的影响进行了详细介绍。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain.”(压力可以被定义为导致身体、情绪或心理紧张的任何类型的变化。)可知，选项F中的it是指前文中提到的stress，压力是指应对需要注意或行动的事物产生的变化，所以选项F“它是我们身体对任何需要注意或行动的事情的反应。”切合文意。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据后文“One frequently reads of people who are able to do extraordinary things under stress, like lifting cars to free trapped children.”(人们经常读到有人能够在压力下做出非凡的事情，比如举起汽车解救被困的孩子。)可知，此处是指压力也有好处，和前文“The effects of stress on the body are numerous and are risk factors for a number of medical conditions.”(压力对身体的影响是多方面的，是一些医疗状况的危险因素。)构成转折关系。所以选项D“然而，压力也会带来一些有益的结果。”切合文意。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据前文“The muscles usually tighten up suddenly. Some breathe harder and harder, while others may feel butterflies in the stomach, pain, nausea (恶心) or might even vomit.”(肌肉通常会突然收紧。有些人呼吸越来越困难，而另一些人可能会感到胃部紧张、疼痛、恶心甚至呕吐。)可知，选项B中的all of these是指前文中提到的这些症状，这些对压力产生的反应会使身体紧张，所以选项B“所有这些都会使身体紧张。”切合文意。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Effects of stress on the body can also lead people to coping strategies that worsen their stress and their health.”(压力对身体的影响也会导致人们采取恶化压力和健康的应对策略。)和后文中的“These strategies”(这些策略)可知，此处是对恶化压力和健康的应对策略进行举例，所以选项E“一些人可能会吸烟或酗酒作为对压力的反应。”切合文意。故选E。
【40题详解】
根据后文“The longer and the more frequently one experiences stress, the more likely one will start having health problems. Some chronic ( 慢性 的) effects of stress include: disorder of sleep patterns, headaches, stomachaches, weight gain or weight loss, and accumulation of fat.”(一个人承受压力的时间越长、频率越高，就越有可能出现健康问题。压力的一些慢性影响包括：睡眠模式紊乱、头痛、胃痛、体重增加或减少以及脂肪堆积。)可知，此处是指压力对身体产生的累积影响，所以选项C“压力对身体也有累积效应。”切合文意。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选。
In 1968, I was a student at the High School in Beirut. When the time came to___41___tenth grade, I was sent home for not paying the schooling fee. This was a heartbreaking___42___, as I loved being in school and___43___wanted to continue my education.
I went home and spent the day___44___my father at his tire-repair shop. Three days later, one of my classmates came over and___45___me that my fee was fully paid. I returned to my classroom, but I kept___46___who had given me this golden opportunity. Upon my constant ___47___, the headmaster told me that the secret___48___was my English teacher, Olivia Balian. The whole year I sat in Ms. Balian’s class, thinking about her___49___action but unable to express my thanks. A year later, I moved to the U.K and eventually____50____two master’s degrees.
I never forgot the____51____and generosity of Ms. Balian. Almost 40 years later, I returned to Beirut for the first time to____52____$4.5 million to all 28 high schools in Lebanon, among which was my former high school. While in Lebanon, I visited Ms. Balian. She was as____53____to see me as I was to see her. Without her____54____assistance, I probably would have spent the rest of my life____55____tires at my father’s shop in Beirut.
41. A. miss out B. register for C. give up D. work out
42. A. sacrifice B. example C. adventure D. experience
43. A. desperately B. frequently C. impatiently D. widely
44 A. instructing B. favoring C. assisting D. comforting
45. A. informed B. convinced C. reminded D. warned
46. A. imagining B. observing C. remembering D. wondering
47. A. suggestions B. requests C. remarks D. comments
48. A. rescuer B. deliverer C. supporter D. follower
49. A. generous B. polite C. temporary D. careful
50. A. developed B. required C. discovered D. obtained
51. A. trust B. kindness C. devotion D. courage
52. A. earn B. show C. donate D. save
53. A. thrilled B. scared C. ashamed D. amused
54. A. technical B. legal C. conditional D. timely
55. A. inventing B. repairing C. controlling D. designing
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者上学的时候得到英语老师善意的帮助，成功后不忘回报并继续传递爱心的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：到了十年级报名的时候，我因为没交学费被送回家了。A. miss out遗漏；B. register for注册报名；C. give up放弃；D. work out解决。根据下文“tenth grade”和常识可知，应该是注册报名，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一次令人心碎的经历，因为我喜欢上学，非常想继续我的教育。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. example例子；C. adventure冒险；D. experience经历。根据上文“I was sent home for not paying the schooling fee”可知，应该是一次令人心碎的经历，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. desperately非常；B. frequently频繁地；C. impatiently不耐烦地；D. widely普遍地。根据上文“I loved being in school”可知，作者非常想继续教育，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到家，在父亲轮胎修理店帮忙。A. instructing指导；B. favoring更喜爱；C. assisting帮助；D. comforting安慰。根据下文“my father at his tire-repair shop”可知，作者没有学费上学，所以去父亲的轮胎修理店帮忙。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三天后，我的一个同学过来告诉我，我的学费已经交完了。A. informed告知；B. convinced使信服；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。根据下文“that my fee was fully paid”可知，作者的同学告诉他学费交完了，故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到教室，但我一直在想是谁给了我这个千载难逢的机会。A. imagining想象；B. observing观察；C. remembering记住；D. wondering想知道。根据上文可知，作者没有学费上学，后来同学告诉作者学费交完了，所以作者应该一直想知道是谁帮助了他，故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我不断的要求下，校长告诉我，这位秘密支持者是我的英语老师奥利维亚·巴里安。A. suggestions建议；B. requests要求；C. remarks观察；D. comments评论。根据上文“but I kept___6___who had given me this golden opportunity”可知，作者一直想知道，所以不断的要求校长告诉他是谁帮助了他，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rescuer救助者；B. deliverer递送人；C. supporter支持者；D. follower跟随者。根据上文“Three days later, one of my classmates came over and___5___me that my fee was fully paid.”可知，此处指那个帮作者交学费的人，也就是支持者，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整整一年，我坐在巴里安老师的课堂上，想着她慷慨的行为，却无法表达我的感激之情。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. temporary临时的；D. careful仔细的。根据上文“Upon my constant ___7___, the headmaster told me that the secret___8___was my English teacher, Olivia Balian.”可知，巴里安帮助作者交学费，支持他，所以她的行为应该是慷慨的，故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，我搬到了英国，最终获得了两个硕士学位。A. developed发展；B. required要求；C. discovered发现；D. obtained获得。根据下文“two master’s degrees”可知，此处应是获得学位，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未忘记巴里安女士的善良和慷慨。A. trust信任；B. kindness善良；C. devotion献身；D. courage勇气。根据下文“generosity of Ms. Balian”可知，此处讲述的是英语老师的善良和慷慨，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约40年后，我第一次回到贝鲁特，向黎巴嫩所有28所高中捐赠了450万美元，其中包括我以前就读的高中。A. earn赚取；B. show展示；C. donate捐赠；D. save挽救。根据下文“$4.5 million to all 28 high schools in Lebanon”可知，此处是捐钱，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她见到我就像我见到她一样激动。A. thrilled激动的；B. scared害怕的；C. ashamed惭愧的；D. amused愉快的。根据上文“I never forgot the___11___and generosity of Ms. Balian.”可知，作者一直没有忘记自己的英语老师，一直想着她的善良和慷慨，所以再见面一定是激动的，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果没有她的及时帮助，我的余生可能都要在我父亲在贝鲁特的店里修理轮胎了。A. technical技术的；B. legal法律的；C. conditional有前提的；D. timely及时的。根据下文“I probably would have spent the rest of my life___15___tires at my father’s shop in Beirut.”可知，没有自己英语老师的及时帮助，作者可能会在爸爸的修理店里度过余生，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. inventing发明；B. repairing修理；C. controlling控制；D. designing设计。根据“tires at my father’s shop in Beirut.”可知，此处指作者在自己爸爸的修理店里修理轮胎，故选B。
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分， 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A key section of the extensive Silk Road network is the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor(走廊),___56___stretches over a distance of around 5,000 kilometres, ___57___(cover) a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes.
The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century BC. ___58___(assign) by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian___59___(journey) from Chang’an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships___60___(strength) between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire. The network expanded___61___ (gradual), playing an important role in world history between 6th and 14th century, ___62___ it remained in use until the 16th century.
At the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to___63___(it) light weight and high value. In addition to trade exchange, the network served___64___a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies. In the modern age, through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Silk Road is once again connecting the____65____ (country) along the ancient trade routes and promoting the exchanges of different civilizations.
【答案】56. which
57. covering
58. Assigned
59. journeyed
60. were strengthened##strengthened
61. gradually
62. and 63. its
64. as 65. countries
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史及发展。
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：广阔的丝绸之路网络的一个关键部分是长安-天山走廊，该走廊绵延约5000公里，涵盖了总共8700公里的贸易路线。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chang’an-Tianshan corridor(走廊)，指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。
【57题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：同上。设空处为非谓语，和它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填covering。
【58题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：张骞受命从长安前往中亚，试图在汉朝和西域之间架起桥梁。分析可知设空处为非谓语动词，和它的逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Assigned。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：同上。分析可知，设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填journeyed。
【60题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在张骞的努力下，商路得以形成，当时大国之间的关系得以加强，商路网络远达罗马帝国。设空处为谓语，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语relationships和strengthen之间可以用主动语态也可以用被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数形式，故填were strengthened/strengthened。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：这一网络逐渐扩大，在6世纪至14世纪的世界历史上发挥了重要作用，一直使用到16世纪。设空处修饰动词expanded作状语，应用副词形式，故填gradually。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：同上。设空处连接前后两个句子是并列关系，故填and。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：在丝绸之路发展的初期，丝绸因其重量轻、价值高而成为贸易清单上的主要商品。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【64题详解】
考查介词和固定短语。句意：除了贸易交流，该网络还充当了文化交流的桥梁，影响了科学、艺术、技术和社会许多其他领域的发展。短语serve as，意为“充当， 担任”，符合句意，故填as。
【65题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在现代，通过“一带一路”倡议，丝绸之路再次连接着古代贸易路线沿线国家，促进了不同文明的交流。设空处为名词做宾语，表示沿线国家，所以不只一个国家，应用复数形式，故填countries。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
66. 学校英文报正在组织以 How to Study Effectively on Line 为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括:
1. 上网课的经历；
2. 提出你的建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】How to Study Effectively on Line
Recently, learning online has become an important way to study. We had to attend online classes at home. When I first started online class, I wanted to chat with my friends. But soon I couldn’t catch up with what the teacher said and missed the key content of the subjects. Then I altered my attitude and paid much attention to the classes.
As far as I am concerned, we should be strict with ourselves. Make a specific schedule and respect the online class rules. Only in this way can we concentrate on our studies and learn effectively online.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于学校英文报正在组织以How to Study Effectively on Line 为主题的征文活动，写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要的：important→ vital
改变：alter→ change
关注：pay attention to→ concentrate on
跟上：catch up with→ keep up with
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Then I altered my attitude and paid much attention to the classes.
拓展句：Then I altered my attitude so that I paid much attention to the classes.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When I first started online class, I wanted to chat with my friends.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句。）
【高分句型2】Only in this way can we concentrate on our studies and learn effectively online.（运用了部分倒装。）
第二节 (满分 25 分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Only eight days until Thanksgiving and there wasn’t going to be enough money to grocery shop for the holiday. It was hard to put everyday food on the table for three growing teen boys with the little I earned from work. There was only a few small sweet potatoes, one can of green beans, and two chicken breasts.
The next day, I met my friend and neighbor, Aleta, at her home. Her four boys and my kids were good friends. Her husband had recently lost his job due to illness, and financial difficulties hovered (盘旋) over their household as well.
“Hey, I have an idea how we can put together a meal where everyone will have enough. ”I proposed.
“I have a few cans of green beans, about three pounds of chicken legs, and three apples. ”she said.
“Great. Let’s meet at my house at 2:00 in the afternoon. If you have some peanut butter, I have enough flour and ingredients to make cookies. ”
Four days before Thanksgiving I had finished baking the cookies. My friend called with news about a family living in our community who needed help with food and bills. The father had been in an accident and unable to work for the last few months.
We didn’t know the family well, but my friend and I went to visit them with our holiday cookies, hoping to help in some way. While everyone chatted, I walked into their kitchen to see about the food situation. The cupboards were almost empty. No exaggeration. A single can of soup, and a box of cereal (麦片) sat alone in the cupboard. That’s it. I was shocked.
Aleta and I knew the life during hard times. We left the house, eagerly wanting to help. But what could we do? Our own finance sand food situation left nothing to spare.
Almost at the same time, our thoughts connected. Without a word, we looked at each other, asking ourselves the same question. Could we sacrifice a little more and give the family our holiday meal？
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“How can we help them?” I asked the kids.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Thanksgiving Day, we delivered two full bags of groceries to the family.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】“How can we help them?” I asked the kids. “How about earning some money to help them out?” suggested my eight-year-old boy. “We can do some yard work!” the older brother shouted. Aleta’s children also showed great interest in it. Before long, the kids grabbed the lawnmower and various gardening tools, and headed out. Although it was late in the afternoon, they still managed to find a few “customers”. During the following three days, the kids worked so hard that they did manage to earn enough to purchase some groceries.
On Thanksgiving Day, we delivered two full bags of groceries to the family. Their young children jumped with excitement as they pulled groceries out of the bags. At the sight of this, the parents burst out crying. With grateful tears in their eyes, they offered us a big warm hug. It was such a great thing to see the excited faces of the children, and a warm current flowed through my body. That is what Thanksgiving is all about: give and share love with the people that we care about.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者在困难时期和同样困难的邻居一起准备过感恩节，但是面对一个极度困难的家庭，作者和邻居非常想要帮助他们，通过努力，给他们送去了许多杂货食品。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容““我们怎样才能帮助他们？”我问孩子们。”可知，第一段可描写作者和邻居家的孩子们提议通过劳动来赚钱并付诸行动。
②由第二段首句内容“感恩节那天，我们给这家人送去了整整两袋食品杂货。”可知，第二段可描写这家人收到物品后非常激动和感激，作者也感到很温暖。
2.续写线索：建议——劳动赚钱——感谢——拥抱——温暖——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.赚钱：earn/make
②.建议：suggest/advise
③.关心：care about/concern about
情绪类
①.感激的：grateful/thankful
②.突然哭起来：burst out crying/burst into tears
【点睛】[高分句型1] That is what Thanksgiving is all about: give and share love with the people that we care about. (运用了what引导的表语从句和that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] With grateful tears in their eyes, they offered us a big warm hug. (运用了with独立主格结构)
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