山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年高一下学期教学质量检测
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。
3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the woman drop?
A.Her wallet. B. Her passport. C.Her bag.
2. Where is the man probably going now?
A. To a gift shop. B. To his brother’s home. C. To the Children’s Center.
3. What happened to the man?
A.He dirtied his hands. B.He injured his hands. C.He destroyed his painting.
4. What has the woman been doing?
A. Playing badminton. B. Resting. C.Walking.
5. Where is the conversation probably taking place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a department store. C. In a police station.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Schoolmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Driver and passenger.
7. What will the woman do next?
A. Buy a map. B. Do exercises. C. Attend class.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How long was the woman’s holiday in total?
A.One week. B. Ten days. C.Two weeks.
9. What does the man prefer to do?
A. Go skiing. B. Stay in the city. C. Drive in the mountains.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where are the speakers?
A. In Paris. B. In Toronto. C. In New York.
11. What is John studying?
A. Literature. B. History. C.Art.
12. What are the speakers going to buy?
A. Wine. B.Bread. C.Cheese.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How will the woman go for the job interview?
A. By car. B.By bus. C.By subway.
14. What job is the woman applying for?
A.A translator. B. An engineer. C.A tour guide.
15. What did the woman impress the man with last year?
A.Her business skills. B. Her spoken French. C. Her work experience.
16. How does the woman feel about her interview tomorrow?
A.Excited. B.Confident. C.Anxious.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. A school library. B. An online service. C.A new organization.
18. What can people do through Book Crossing?
A.Buy books. B. Sell books. C. Share books.
19. How can members get information about the physical books?
A.By looking at an online list.
B. By making a phone call.
C. By sending an e-mail.
20. Which color shows the number of books put over the last 30 days?
A.Red. B.Yellow. C.Blue.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Summer Camps
Mountain Camp
PO Box 1348, Pollock Pines, CA 95726, U.S.
Phone: 415-351-2267
Mountain Camp is a traditional camp experience on a beautiful high Sierra lake. The program is for children aged seven to seventeen. Campers enjoy different activities, spending one and a half hours every day at each of our three areas: waterfront, outdoor activity area and indoor activity area.All areas have many program activities including mountain biking, traveling on a ship, wind surfing,drama, dance, waterskiing. etc.
Astrocamp Virginia 8144 Mount Laurel Road, Clover, VA 24534, U.S.
Phone: 800-645-1423
Astrocamp Virginia is a physical science and adventure summer camp. Campers come each summer to have fun, and get hands-on science training while taking part in a lot of activities!Astrocamp is a STEM program that pushes campers to deepen their understanding of science by taking part in space exploration, playing in advanced labs, building and launching rockets, and searching the night sky.
Talisman Camp
64 Gap Creek Rd, Zirconia, NC 28790, U.S.Phone: 828-697-6313
Our camp program helps children with autism or other mental problems to develop physical and social ability in an environment that encourages and supports self-direction. We believe that every child wants to do well, and that every child has unigue power, advantages and views on life. We’ll use different tools to guide them to achieve their goals.
Birchwood Camp 12586 Gunflint Trail, Slip 85, Grand Marais, MN 55604, U.S.
Phone: 218-388-4402
We only accept between 35 and 45 campers (boys aged 7-17) every school year. At Birchwood,we keep our campsite screen-free so we can focus on the things we value most: connection, self-discovery and a sense of shared purpose. Each week, campers get to choose a wilderness trip to goon, which needs about 3 to 5 days.
1. Which number should you call if you want to learn about the science-focused camp?
A. 415-351-2267. B. 800-645-1423.
C. 828-697-6313. D. 218-388-4402.
2. Which program is suitable for teenagers with special needs?
A. Mountain Camp. B. Astrocamp Virginia.
C. Talisman Camp. D. Birchwood Camp.
3. What do Mountain Camp and Birchwood Camp have in common?
A. They only accept boys. B. They have age requirements.
C. They hope campers learn to share. D. They offer campers water activities.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个夏令营活动的具体信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Astrocamp Virginia部分的“Phone: 800-645-1423”和“Astrocamp is a STEM program that pushes campers to deepen their understanding of science by taking part in space exploration, playing in advanced labs, building and launching rockets, and searching the night sky.(Astrocamp是一个STEM项目，通过参与太空探索、在先进实验室玩耍、建造和发射火箭以及搜索夜空，推动营员加深对科学的理解。)”可知，如果你想了解以科学为中心的夏令营，你应该打800-645-1423这个电话。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Talisman Camp部分的“Our camp program helps children with autism or other mental problems to develop physical and social ability in an environment that encourages and supports self-direction.(我们的夏令营项目帮助患有自闭症或其他精神问题的儿童在一个鼓励和支持自我指导的环境中发展身体和社交能力。)”可知，Talisman Camp这个项目适合有特殊需求的青少年。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mountain Camp部分的“The program is for children aged seven to seventeen.(该项目面向7至17岁的儿童。)”和Birchwood Camp部分的“We only accept between 35 and 45 campers (boys aged 7-17) every school year.(我们每学年只接受35 - 45名营员(7-17岁的男孩)。)”可知，这两个夏令营活动的共同之处是它们有年龄要求。故选B。
B
Have you ever thought how good it would be if an unfinished handwork project, which stopped because the owner passed away, could be lovingly completed?
Friends and knitters (编织者) Jennifer Simonic and Masey Kaplan started the Loose Ends Project in September 2022. The pair match “volunteer finishers” with unfinished projects online so they can carefully complete them and then return them to the people they were being made for.
It all started when founders, Simonic and Kaplan, realized that they had both been asked by friends to finish knitting hats, sweaters or other unfinished projects started by their dead moms.When more friends asked them for help, they felt it would be a good idea to “have strangers be able to finish things for each other”.
Helping strangers this way, which also assists them to get through their grieving process, was something that the two had happily agreed to do understanding how wonderful it feels to be dressed in something a loved one has created.
Adding a touching couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight the last stitch (针) worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work.
In just a few months, Loose Ends has built up a global team of over 7,000 volunteers. New volunteers are asked to share their skill sets and interests,. When Loose Ends receives a project, the founders identify a good fit based on these skills. The Loose Ends team will let the volunteers try the work to “check if they’re feeling it too”, as Simonic and Kaplan never want the work to be a chore.
Volunteers do not charge for their work, while families are only asked to cover the shipping costs. The group tries to match projects to volunteers living nearby to reduce the shipping costs to the lowest.
4. What is the goal of the Loose Ends Project?
A. To promote handwork art.
B. To sell handwork products online.
C. To recycle good handwork projects.
D. To complete unfinished handwork projects.
5. What does the underlined word “grieving” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Painful. B. Amazing. C. Touching. D. Unforgettable.
6. What extra step may volunteers do with unfinished works?
A. They may sign their names on the works.
B. They may add receivers’ information on them.
C. They may mark the original maker’s last stitch.
D. They may make a special design for the last stitch.
7. Which of the following can best describe the service of the Loose Ends Project?
A. Thoughtful. B. Quick. C. Limited. D. Safe.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了编织者Jennifer Simonic和 Masey Kaplan是朋友，他们于2022年9月启动了Loose Ends Project，帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Friends and knitters (编织者) Jennifer Simonic and Masey Kaplan started the Loose Ends Project in September 2022. The pair match “volunteer finishers” with unfinished projects online so they can carefully complete them and then return them to the people they were being made for.(Jennifer Simonic和 Masey Kaplan是朋友，他们是编织者，于2022年9月启动了Loose Ends Project。这两个人将“自愿完成者”与网上未完成的项目相匹配，这样他们就可以仔细地完成这些项目，然后将它们返还给他们的目标人群)”可知，Loose Ends Project是为了完成未完成的手工项目。故选D。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。上文“It all started when founders, Simonic and Kaplan, realized that they had both been asked by friends to finish knitting hats, sweaters or other unfinished projects started by their dead moms.(这一切都始于创始人西蒙尼克和卡普兰意识到，他们都被朋友要求完成编织帽子、毛衣或其他由他们去世的母亲开始的未完成的项目)”可知，Simonic和Kaplan帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西，以这种方式帮助陌生人度过失去亲人的悲伤的过程，由此可推知，划线单词grieving意为“悲伤的”，与A项“Painful.(痛苦的。)”意义一致，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Adding a touching couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight the last stitch (针) worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work.(他们添加了几个额外的感人步骤，一旦收到这个项目，他们重新开始工作之前，他们可能会以一种特殊的方式突出由之前死去的编织者所缝制的最后一针)”可知，志愿者对未完成的工作采取的额外措施是，他们会标记由原来编织者所缝制的最后一针。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Adding a touching couple of extra steps, once the finishers receive the project, they may highlight the last stitch (针) worked by the dead maker in a special way before they restart the work.(他们添加了几个额外的感人步骤，一旦收到这个项目，他们重新开始工作之前，他们可能会以一种特殊的方式突出由之前死去的编织者所缝制的最后一针)”和倒数第二段中“The Loose Ends team will let the volunteers try the work to “check if they’re feeling it too”, as Simonic and Kaplan never want the work to be a chore.(Loose Ends团队将让志愿者尝试这项工作，以“检查他们是否也有这种感觉”，因为Simonic和Kaplan从不希望这项工作成为一件苦差事)”可推知，Loose Ends Project的服务是周到的，故选A。
C
Humans can race to get out of a hurricane’s path. Some animals can sense a hurricane coming and leave quickly, but there are animals that can’t simply get out of the way. Here are the various effects of hurricanes on animals.
Birds may be able to sense air pressure and other changes in the environment, which encourages them to get out of harm’s way. Some birds will even speed up their migration (迁徙) leaving earlier than usual if a serious hurricane is approaching. However, strong winds can push birds hundreds of miles away from their home. Young or weak birds can become separated from the rest of their group and often have difficulty making it home.
Fish can also be affected. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, about 184 million fish died in south Louisiana’s Atchafalaya Basin alone. Strong winds blew leaves off trees, blowing them into wetlands. The rotting (腐烂的) organic material to extremely low levels of oxygen in the water, killing the fish. Some fish will often find sheltered areas during hurricanes, but they’re not always safe. Dolphins have occasionally been blown to shore during big hurricanes.
There are many other dangers that come with hurricane-related water. Sharp rise of saltwater onshore can harm wildlife and plants that live in the freshwater and can’t bear the salt content.Heavy rain can also affect the balance of fresh and salt water in some areas, harming the creatures that live in them.
Many animals lose their regular food supply when a hurricane arrives, as strong winds and rains destroy trees of fruits, nuts and berries. During Hurricane Andrew, about one-quarter of Louisiana’s public oyster seed (牡蛎种苗) grounds were destroyed. Because the oysters were an important food source for some birds on Louisiana’s barrier Islands, the birds suffered mass death as a direct result of the hurricane.
8. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A. Birds are adapting to a changing climate.
B. Birds can sense the coming of a hurricane.
C. Birds migrate at certain times of every year.
D. Birds’ habitats are destroyed by hurricanes.
9. What causes fish in south Louisiana’s Atchafalaya Basin to die after Hurricane Andrew in 1992?
A. Poisonous leaves. B. Air pollution.
C. A lack of oxygen. D. The loss of shelters.
10. What could be the effect of hurricane-related water?
A. Ocean ecosystem is destroyed.
B. Sea salt production is reduced.
C. Many animals move away from their habitats.
D. There would be less fresh water on the earth.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Animals suffer more than humans during a hurricane
B. What happens to animals during a hurricane?
C. Why do animals migrate earlier than usual?
D. Animals might face serious threats
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了飓风对动物的各种影响。
8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds may be able to sense air pressure and other changes in the environment, whiche ncourages them to get out of harm’s way. Some birds will even speed up their migration (迁徙) leaving earlier than usual if a serious hurricane is approaching. (鸟类可能能够感知气压和环境中的其他变化，这鼓励它们远离危险。如果一场严重的飓风即将来临，一些鸟类甚至会加速迁徙，比平时更早离开)”可知，鸟能感觉到飓风的来临。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Fish can also be affected. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, about 184 million fish died in south Louisiana’s Atchafalaya Basin alone. Strong winds blew leaves off trees, blowing them into wetlands.The rotting(腐烂的)organic material to extremely low levels of oxygen in the water,killing the fish. (鱼类也会受到影响。1992年安德鲁飓风过后，仅路易斯安那州南部的阿查法拉亚盆地就有1.84亿条鱼死亡。强风把树叶从树上吹落，吹到湿地。腐烂的有机物质使水中的氧气含量极低，杀死了鱼)”可知，1992年安德鲁飓风过后，缺少氧气导致路易斯安那州南部阿查法拉亚盆地的鱼类死亡。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“There are many other dangers that come with hurricane-related water. Sharp rise of saltwater onshore can harm wildlife and plants that live in the freshwater and can’t bear the salt content.Heavy rain can also affect the balance of fresh and salt water in some areas, harming the creatures that live in them.(与飓风有关的水还会带来许多其他危险。岸上咸水的急剧上升会伤害生活在淡水中的野生动物和植物，它们无法承受海水的含盐量。大雨还会影响某些地区淡水和盐水的平衡，伤害生活在其中的生物)”可知，与飓风有关的水会破坏海洋生态系统。故选A。
11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans can race to get out of a hurricane’s path. Some animals can sense a hurricane coming and leave quickly, but there are animals that can’t simply get out of the way. Here are the various effects of hurricanes on animals.(人类可以竞相逃离飓风的路径。有些动物能感觉到飓风的来临并迅速离开，但有些动物不能简单地让路。这是飓风对动物的各种影响)”可知，文章针对飓风对动物的各种影响展开叙述。What happens to animals during a hurricane?（飓风来袭时动物会怎么样?）符合最佳标题。故选B。
D
Many people believe that greatness requires training a skill well past proficiency(熟练) It’s continuing to practice even after every successful shot you make. It’s playing that song one more time even though you’ve made no mistakes. Scientists call this training past the point of improvement “overlearning”.
To understand how overlearning affects our ability to obtain a new skill, researchers exposed two groups to a series of learning exercises. In the first group, learners stopped practicing as soon as they stopped getting better. They then took a 30-minute break. After the break they trained on another distinct, but similar learning exercise. The next day, they took a post-test. The subjects performed well on the second task--the one they learned more recently. They failed the first task.
“In the usual situation where you stop training on a new skill immediately after mastering it, the brain stays in its ready-to-learn state. Our brains are good at learning new tasks. It means that if you then train a second similar task,it overwrites(覆盖)the first skill.It becomes as though you haven’t studied the first skill at all,” said Takeo Watanabe, the lead author of the study.
In the second group, learners “overlearned”. Different from the first group, this group continued practicing past the point of competency. Subjects outstripped those who didn’t overleam on the first task. It turns out that spending as little as 20 extra minutes practicing a task you’ve already perfected leads to lasting improvements. The benefit is that the second learning doesn’t conflict with the first.“But the other part of the story is that you learn that second task less well,” said Watanabe. They learned the second task roughly half as well as the first group.
“If you overlearn a skill,your brain state changes very rapidly from being plastic(可塑的)to being steady,” said Watanabe, “which in turn means that your brain has more time to lock in the skill, preventing it from being overwritten.”
But Watanabe warns against putting all one’s eggs in one basket. “Some studies suggest that the benefits gained by overlearning can gradually disappear over as little as four weeks. It might be that we have to pair overlearning with other learning methods,” he said.
12. If we stop immediately after mastering a new skill, our brain will .
A. lose some of its function
B. be ready to take on new tasks
C. spend a long time locking in the skill
D. have difficulty dealing with similar task
13. What does the underlined word “outstripped” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Did better than. B. Looked down upon.
C. Caught up with. D. Performed worse than.
14. What disadvantage did the second group of learners show?
A. They couldn’t learn skills quickly.
B. They couldn’t combine learming skills properly.
C. They showed little interest in learning new things.
D. They were less efficient in learning the second task.
15. What is Watanabe’s advice on learning?
A. Always putting overlearning first.
B Learning with flexible techniques.
C. Keeping your brain in its ready-to-learn state.
D. Training your brain to lock in the most essential skill.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了过度学习影响我们掌握新技能的能力。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the usual situation where you stop training on a new skill immediately after mastering it, the brain stays in its ready-to-learn state. Our brains are good at learning new tasks.(在通常情况下，你在掌握一项新技能后立即停止训练，大脑会处于准备学习状态。我们的大脑擅长学习新任务)”可知，如果我们在掌握一项新技能后立即停止，我们的大脑就会准备好接受新的任务。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“It turns out that spending as little as 20 extra minutes practicing a task you’ve already perfected leads to lasting improvements.(事实证明，只要多花20分钟练习一项你已经熟练的任务，就能带来持久的进步)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思是：研究对象在第一项任务中表现优于那些没有过度学习的人。由此可知，outstripped与A选项：（比……做得更好）意思接近。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the other part of the story is that you learn that second task less well,” said Watanabe. They learned the second task roughly half as well as the first group.(渡边说:“但另一方面，你学习第二项任务的能力就差了。”他们学习第二项任务的能力大约是第一组的一半)”可知，第二组学习者显示出他们在学习第二个任务时效率更低。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But Watanabe warns against putting all one’s eggs in one basket. “Some studies suggest that the benefits gained by overlearning can gradually disappear over as little as four weeks. It might be that we have to pair overlearning with other learning methods,” he said.(但渡边警告说，不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。“一些研究表明，过度学习带来的好处会在短短四周内逐渐消失。也许我们必须将过渡学习与其他学习方法结合起来，”他说)”可知，渡边建议要用灵活的技巧学习而不是一味地只是过度学习。故选B。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A spelunker is a person who explores caves. Another term applied to those exploring caves is”caver“. The latter is generally reserved for those with training and education in the science of caving. ___16___ Drawn to the mystery of the unexplored, they seek caves for pleasure and not necessarily with specific goals in mind.
Many who are interested in becoming a spelunker join clubs or groups organised by more experienced cave explorers, such as the National Speleological Society (NSS). The NSS organises caving clubs that promote preservation of caves and interest in the science of caving. ___17___
Safety is a main concern for spelunkers. One big threat is falling. ___18___ Another threat is being hit by falling objects above. Spelunkers can also be threatened by low body temperature. It can become dangerously low as a result of being in a cold cave for a long time.
___19___Proper shoes are required to prevent spelunkers falling. And a special hat is required to reduce the risk of injury from falling objects. Moreover, warm clothing is important in case a spelunker gets separated from the group and stuck in a cold cave for a longer time than expected.Spelunkers should also bring a first aid kit, food, water, and a light.
But this isn’t enough. Spelunkers should also follow basic principles of safe and responsible cave exploration. Form groups of four to six spelunkers. ___20___ Tell additional parties about the caving trip. And new spelunkers should always include more experienced cavers in the group and start with well-known caves. Most importantly, they should stay with the group at all times.
A. Establish a time limit before entering a cave.
B. After all, caves can be dark and sometimes wet.
C. The experienced cavers may choose well-known caves.
D. Spelunkers must be fully prepared before exploring caves.
E. However, spelunkers usually explore caves just as a hobby.
F. Many caves require climbing and going through tight passages.
G. These clubs also plan caving trips that allow for safer exploration.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了洞穴探险者在探索洞穴之前必须做的准备和要遵循的洞穴探险的基本原则。
【16题详解】
上文“ Another term applied to those exploring caves is “caver”. The latter is generally reserved for those with training and education in the science of caving.(另一个适用于那些探索洞穴的术语是“洞穴探险者”。后者通常是为那些在洞穴科学方面受过训练和教育的人保留的。)”介绍了“洞穴探险者”指的是那些在洞穴科学方面受过训练和教育的人，下文“Drawn to the mystery of the unexplored, they seek caves for pleasure and not necessarily with specific goals in mind.(被未知的神秘所吸引，他们寻求洞穴的乐趣，而不一定有特定的目标在心中。)”指出探索洞穴的人只是为了乐趣，而非是专业人士，E项“然而，洞穴探险者通常把探索洞穴仅仅作为一种爱好。”符合，和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，故选E。
【17题详解】
上文“The NSS organises caving clubs that promote preservation of caves and interest in the science of caving.(NSS组织洞穴俱乐部，促进洞穴的保护和洞穴科学的兴趣。)”介绍了NSS组织了一些洞穴俱乐部，空处承接上文，对这些俱乐部进行介绍，G项“这些俱乐部还计划进行洞穴探险，以保证更安全的探险。”符合，故选G。
【18题详解】
上文“Safety is a main concern for spelunkers. One big threat is falling. (安全是洞穴探险者最关心的问题。一个巨大的威胁正在降临。)”指出探索洞穴会有危险，B项“毕竟，洞穴可以是黑暗的，有时是潮湿的。”解释了洞穴会有危险的原因，故选B。
【19题详解】
下文“Proper shoes are required to prevent spelunkers falling. And a special hat is required to reduce the risk of injury from falling objects. Moreover, warm clothing is important in case a spelunker gets separated from the group and stuck in a cold cave for a longer time than expected.Spelunkers should also bring a first aid kit, food, water, and a light.(为了防止洞穴探险者坠落，必须穿上合适的鞋子。还需要一顶特殊的帽子来降低坠落物体造成伤害的风险。此外，为了防止洞穴探险者与群体分离，在寒冷的洞穴中被困的时间比预期的要长，保暖的衣服也是非常重要的。洞穴探险者还应该带上急救箱、食物、水和灯。)”具体描述了洞穴探险者在探索洞穴之前所做的准备。D项“洞穴探险者在探索洞穴之前必须做好充分的准备。”符合，概括了下文，故选D。
【20题详解】
上文“Spelunkers should also follow basic principles of safe and responsible cave exploration.(洞穴探险者也应该遵循安全和负责任的洞穴探险的基本原则。)”指出洞穴探险者要遵循安全和负责任的洞穴探险的基本原则，下文“Tell additional parties about the caving trip. And new spelunkers should always include more experienced cavers in the group and start with well-known caves. Most importantly, they should stay with the group at all times.(告诉其他人洞穴探险的事。新的洞穴探险者应该总是包括更有经验的洞穴探险者，并刚开始要探索著名的洞穴。最重要的是，他们应该一直和团队待在一起。)”具体介绍了洞穴探险的基本原则，A项“在进入洞穴之前设定一个时间限制。”也是洞穴探险的基本原则，故选A。


第三部分完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A dog named Russ ran away from his owner’s vehicle as the Caldor Fire roared toward South Lake Tahoe. His owner was forced to___21___ during the fire, leaving him unable to ___22___ his dog. It was assumed that Russ had been lost for good. ___23___ on Dec. 16 2021, a man skiing west of Tahoe ___24___ Russ, who was unable to ___25___. The skier posted photos of the animal trapped in deep snow online.
That ___26___ caught the attention of Wendy Jones, the executive director of Tahoe PAWS and TLC 4 Furry Friends. Although in the middle of another ___27___ she gathered a team of ___28___.“Because the dog had been out in the snow all day, we knew ___29___ was of importance”, Jones said.
It was getting ____30____. The dog was tracked up the mountain, and finally located under a tree. “I got really____31____ ,” said Allen, a 61-year old volunteer, “for he was not moving. I ____32____ he was dead. Luckily, he opened his eyes and lifted his head.”
Russ was very scared, so Allen spent some time winning his ____33____ before attempting to move him onto a sled (雪橇). It was a ____34____journey back down the mountain by moonlight, since there was such deep snow and the sled kept trying to fall over. It’s certain that Russ has a (n) ____35____ to tell.
21. A. wait B. suffer C. adapt D. evacuate
22. A. look at B. talk about C. search for D. depend on
23. A. However B. Therefore C. Indeed D. Otherwise
24. A. kept B. spotted C. remembered D. threatened
25. A. move B. roar C. eat D. hear
26. A. post B. letter C. video D. proposal
27. A. match B. tour C. rescue D. mystery
28. A. researchers B. volunteers C. doctors D. soldiers
29. A. time B. patience C. courage D. environment
30. A. busy B. dark C. hard D. clear
31. A. excited B. relieved C. nervous D. annoyed
32. A. forgot B. proved C. knew D. feared
33. A. attention B. support C. respect D. trust
34. A. safe B. simple C. tough D. great
35. A. secret B. adventure C. plane D. excuse
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了对小狗Russ进行救援的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的主人在火灾期间被迫撤离，使他无法寻找他的狗。A. wait等待；B. suffer遭受；C. adapt适应，改编；D. evacuate撤离。根据“A dog named Russ ran away from his owner’s vehicle as the Caldor Fire roared toward South Lake Tahoe.”可是，火灾使主人被迫撤离。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. look at看；B. talk about谈论；C. search for搜寻；D. depend on依靠，取决于。根据“A dog named Russ ran away from his owner’s vehicle”和“His owner was forced to___1___ during the fire”可知，主人因为火灾的原因撤离，因此无法寻找自己的狗。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在2021年12月16日，一名男子在太浩湖以西滑雪时发现了无法移动的Russ。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Indeed确实，实际上；D. Otherwise否则。上文提到“It was assumed that Russ had been lost for good.(大家都认为Russ已经永远消失了)”，下文提到“The skier posted photos of the animal trapped in deep snow online.(这位滑雪者在网上发布了被困在深雪中的动物的照片。)”，由此可知，这位男子滑雪时看到了Russ，上下文之间是转折关系。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. kept保持；B. spotted看见，看出；C. remembered记得；D. threatened威胁。根据下文“The skier posted photos of the animal trapped in deep snow online.(这位滑雪者在网上发布了被困在深雪中的动物的照片。)”可知，这位男子滑雪时看到了Russ。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. move移动；B. roar吼叫，咆哮；C. eat吃；D. hear听见。根据“the animal trapped in deep snow”可知，Russ被困在深雪中，不能移动。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇帖子引起了Tahoe PAWS和TLC 4 Furry Friends的执行董事Wendy Jones的注意。 A. post帖子；B. letter信，字母；C. video视频；D. proposal提议，建议。根据“The skier posted photos of the animal trapped in deep snow online.”可知，此处指的是上文中发布的帖子。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管在另一次救援中，她召集了一队志愿者。A. match比赛；B. tour旅游；C. rescue救援，营救；D. mystery神秘。根据“That ___6___ caught the attention of Wendy Jones, the executive director of Tahoe PAWS and TLC 4 Furry Friends.”可知，她是发起救援的人。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. researchers研究者；B. volunteers志愿者；C. doctors医生；D. soldiers士兵。根据下文“said Allen, a 61-year old volunteer”可知，此处是信息词volunteer的词汇复现。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这只狗在雪地里呆了一整天，我们知道时间很重要。A. time时间；B. patience耐心；C. courage勇气；D. environment环境。根据“Because the dog had been out in the snow all day”可知，Russ已经在雪地里被冻了一天，因此救援时间很重要。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：天渐渐黑了。A. busy忙的；B. dark黑暗的；C. hard艰难的；D. clear清晰的。根据下文“It was a ___14___journey back down the mountain by moonlight”可知，因为有月光，因此天渐渐黑了。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很紧张，”61岁的志愿者艾伦说，“因为他一动不动。”A. excited兴奋的；B. relieved感到宽慰的；C. nervous紧张的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“for he was not moving”可知，狗一动不动，艾伦感到紧张，担心他死了。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我害怕他已经死了。A. forgot忘记；B. proved证明；C. knew知道；D. feared害怕。根据“for he was not moving”可知，因为狗一动不动，艾伦害怕他已经死了。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Russ非常害怕，所以艾伦花了一些时间赢得了他的信任，然后才试图把他移到雪橇上。A. attention注意力；B. support支持；C. respect尊重；D. trust信任。根据“Russ was very scared”可知，Russ收到了惊吓，因此想要把他移到雪橇上需要先花时间赢得他的信任。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在月光下下山是一段艰难的旅程，因为雪很厚，雪橇总是会摔倒。A. safe安全的；B. simple简单的；C. tough艰难的；D. great伟大的。根据“since there was such deep snow and the sled kept trying to fall over.”可知，因为地上厚厚的雪，下山的路程很艰难。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，Russ有一个冒险故事要讲。A. secret秘密；B. adventure冒险；C. plane飞机；D. excuse借口，理由。根据文章内容可知，对Russ的救援难度很大，整个过程是一个冒险故事。故选B。
第四部分语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You might be wondering what Black Forest Wares are. These are carvings, ___36___(carve) out of wood to vividly describe forest animals, forest trees, branches, and leaves.
In the 1800’s, the wood carving industry of Switzerland started in the town of Brienz. By the end of the 1800’s it had become the driving force for this industry. Those ___37___ (create) Swiss wood carvers became famous around the world and showed their works at many international___38___ (exhibit). During the 1800’s and the 1900’s, popularity was also growing in many overseas markets. There was a high demand for these carvings especially ___39___ (represent) American Wildlife. In the last 15 years this genre (体裁) has seen some major changes.
There are three factors ___40___ affect a Black Forest carving’s value. Just ___41___ most antiques (古董), quality is very important when it ___42___ (come) to Black Forest carvings. The quality of a carving can vary from indifferent to first-rate. Another factor that plays ___43___ big part in the value of a carving is a signature and who signed it. The most sought-after pieces come from the Huggle family of carvers. The value can ___44___ (affect) by the subject and detail of the piece. Bears are the most ___45___ (frequent) represented animal, which makes other animals such as dogs much rarer.
【答案】36. carved
37. creative
38. exhibitions
39. representative
40. to 41. like
42. comes 43. a
44. be affected
45. frequently
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对黑森林制品，即由木头制成动植物等各种木质雕刻品进行了介绍。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些都是雕刻品，用木头雕刻而成，生动地描绘了森林动物、森林树木、树枝和树叶。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语carvings与carve是被动关系，先于谓语动词发生，因此需要使用过去分词形式。故填carved。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些富有创造力的瑞士木雕家在世界各地都很有名，并在许多国际展览会上展出了他们的作品。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词carvers，意为“有创意的”，“create”的形容词形式为creative。故填creative。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些富有创造力的瑞士木雕家在世界各地都很有名，并在许多国际展览会上展出了他们的作品。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词被many international修饰，因此需要使用复数形式，意为“展品”，“exhibit”名词形式为exhibition。故填exhibitions。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些雕刻品需求量很大，尤其是美国野生动物的代表。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词作定语，修饰American Wildlife，意为“有代表性的”，“represent”形容词形式为representative。故填representative。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：有三个因素影响黑森林雕刻的价值。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用不定式符号to与affect构成不定式，修饰抽象名词factors。故填to。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：就像大多数古董一样，黑森林雕刻品的质量非常重要。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用介词表达“正如”，构成like most antiques作状语，意为“正如大多数古董一样”。故填like。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：就像大多数古董一样，黑森林雕刻品的质量非常重要。根据固定搭配“when it comes to sth.”意为“当涉及到……时”，此处为叙述一般事实，且主语为it，因此需要使用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：另一个影响雕刻价值的重要因素是签名和签名人。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用定冠词a，构成短语“play a big part”意为“其重要作用”。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：价值可以受到作品的主题和细节的影响。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用动词原形置于情态动词can之后，主语value与affect是被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态。故填be affected。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：熊是最常见的动物，这使得狗等其他动物更加罕见。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用副词修饰谓语动词，“frequent”副词形式为“frequently”。故填frequently。
第五部分 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据汉语及首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。
46. A virtual choir e ______ (使能够) them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】enables/enabled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：虚拟唱诗班使他们能够将自己的声音加入到其他人的声音中，并成为全球社区的一部分。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“使能够”可知应填动词enable，句子既可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语为A virtual choir，谓语用第三人称单数形式，也可以表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填enables/enabled。
47. The girl was moved by his r_______(浪漫的) words. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】romantic##omantic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：女孩被他的浪漫话语打动了。“浪漫的”为形容词romantic，作定语，修饰名词words，故填romantic。
48. Some of their great a___________(成就) included building towns and roads. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】achievements
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“成就”可知，应填名词achievement，作宾语，根据上文Some of their great可知，应用复数。故填achievements。
49. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it a_______(宣布) that there were no audio guides left. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】announced##nnounced
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当我们最终到服务台索语音频指南时，我们听到它宣布已经没有语音指南了。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词announce，和宾语it是被动关系，应用过去分词announced，作宾语补足语。故填announced。
50. People celebrate to show that they are g_______(感恩) for the year’s supply of food. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】grateful##rateful
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激。此处应用形容词作表语，“感恩”应用形容词grateful，be grateful for固定搭配，意为“对……感恩”，故填grateful。
51. Over the next several d_______(数十年), she held many important positions. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】decades##ecades
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在接下来的几十年里，她担任过许多重要职位。根据汉语提示“数十年”和首字母提示以及空前的“several”可知，此处为可数名词decade的复数形式。故填decades。
52. I have to admit that it d_________(肯定）feels good to be back in the city again.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】definitely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我不得不承认再次回到这个城市的感觉肯定很好。分析句子可知，谓语动词feels需用副词definitely修饰。故填definitely。
53. There were so many good restaurants to choose from, so I s_______(挑选) one that served its food on beautiful china plates. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】selected##elected
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：有很多不错的餐馆可供选择，所以我选了一家用漂亮的瓷盘上菜的。根据汉语提示“挑选”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词select，结合“were”可知，需用一般过去时。故填selected。
54. This then s_______(标志) one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】signalled##ignalled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。根据汉语提示“标志”和首字母可知，此处为动词signal，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填signalled。
55. He had to p_______(推迟) opening the letter until 2 o’clock. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】postpone##ostpone
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他不得不把拆信的时间推迟到两点钟。根据汉语提示“推迟”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词postpone，had to后面需加动词原形。故填postpone。
第六部分 汉译英(满分25分)
第一节 单句翻译(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)
56. 世界各地都庆祝节日。(汉译英)
【答案】Festivals are celebrated all around the world.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句子在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“节日”应用festival，此处表示泛指各种节日，需用名词复数形式；表示“庆祝”应用celebrate；festivals和celebrate为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are；表示“世界各地”应用all around the world。故翻译为：Festivals are celebrated all around the world.。
57. 是那条船把你带到了英国。(汉译英)
【答案】It was the ship that brought you to England.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和时态。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。“是……”表示强调，应用强调句，it be+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，强调内容为人，应用that/who，强调内容为物，应用that，“那条船”翻译为the ship，是强调内容，“带某人去某地”为bring sb. to sp.，“英国”为England.故翻译为It was the ship that brought you to England.
58. 探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。(汉译英)
【答案】The desire to explore the universe never dies.

【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“愿望”为the desire，“探索”为动词explore，修饰desire，作后置定语，动词修饰名词desire时，应用不定式，“磨灭”理解为“消亡”，为动词die，“永不”为副词never，主语是单数，谓语动词应用三单，故整句翻译为The desire to explore the universe never dies.
59. 从初中过渡到高中确实是一项巨大的挑战。（汉译英）
【答案】Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句是简单的主系表结构。“从初中过渡到高中”是主语，此处用动名词做主语，即going from junior high school to senior high school；句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词，看成第三人称单数，所以系动词用is；表示“确实”用副词really，修饰形容词“大的”；表 示“一项巨大的挑战”用a big challenge，故整句可翻译为Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge。
60. 她的一番话让我们看到了这位伟大女性的内心世界。(汉译英)
【答案】Her words gave us a look into the heart of this great woman.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“她的一番话”应用her words；表示“让我们看到”应用give us a look into，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；表示“这位伟大女性的内心世界”应用the heart of this great woman。故翻译成：Her words gave us a look into the heart of this great woman.
第二节语篇翻译(满分10分)
61. 语篇翻译
藏羚羊(Tibetan antelopes)生活在西藏、新疆和青海的平原上。看着它们 (藏羚羊) 缓缓穿过绿色的草地，我被其美丽所震撼。然而，因其珍贵的羊毛，它们正遭受非法猎杀。我的向导，在当地自然保护区工作，说道，“我们不是在试图拯救它们。事实上，我们是在努力拯救自己。”
【答案】Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. However, they are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. Working at the local nature reserve, my guide said, “We’re not trying to save them. Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者看到藏羚羊时的震撼并提出对藏羚羊的保护的重要性。
【详解】全文使用一般现在时，表示“藏羚羊(Tibetan antelopes)生活在西藏、新疆和青海的平原上。”应用Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai，其中短语live on表示“生活在”；表示“看着它们 (藏羚羊) 缓缓穿过绿色的草地，我被其美丽所震撼。”应用Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty，其中watching为现在分词作状语，短语be stuck by表示“被……所震撼”；表示“然而，因其珍贵的羊毛，它们正遭受非法猎杀。”应用However, they are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur；表示“我的向导，在当地自然保护区工作，说道，“我们不是在试图拯救它们。事实上，我们是在努力拯救自己。””应用Working at the local nature reserve, my guide said, “We’re not trying to save them. Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”，其中working为现在分词作状语。故翻译成：Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. However, they are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. Working at the local nature reserve, my guide said, “We’re not trying to save them. Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
第七部分应用文写作(满分15分)
62. 假定你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一篇短文，题目为：Stay safe online。内容包括：
1.上网存在风险；
2.上网时如何保护个人隐私。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Stay safe online
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, it is common for people to go online everyday. However, potential risks are also present when people browse the internet. To ensure online safety, there are some measures you might find helpful.
Firstly, never give out personal information, such as your name, phone number, home address or any other sensitive information to strangers. Secondly, be careful when downloading attachments, or clicking on links sent by others. Make sure you only open attachments or links from trusted sources to avoid viruses or malicious programs. Thirdly, it is also very important to use secure passwords and to change them periodically.
By following these security measures, you will be safe online and be able to surf the internet freely with an ease of mind.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表学生会为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一篇题目为“Stay safe online”的短文。
详解】1.词汇积累
常见的：common→ widely known
确保：ensure → make certain
措施：measure→ course of action
有益的：be helpful→ be beneficial
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：It is also very important to use secure passwords and to change them periodically
拓展句：It is of importance to use secure passwords and to change them periodically.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To ensure online safety, there are some measures you might find helpful.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
【高分句型2】Secondly, be careful when downloading attachments, or clicking on links sent by others.（运用了过去分词短语作后置定语）