- 【教案】2023-2024学年高二英语人教版选择性必修三 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 教案 0 次下载
- 【单元测试卷】2023-2024学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 试卷 0 次下载
- 2023-2024学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Assessing Your Progress & Project课件PPT 课件 0 次下载
- 2023-2024学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Learning About Language课件PPT 课件 0 次下载
- 2023-2024学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Reading and Thinking课件PPT 课件 0 次下载
【知识点汇总】2023-2024学年高二英语人教版 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
展开选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
【词汇短语】
1. Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance. (P37)
伟大的作品不是靠力量,而是靠坚持来完成的。
perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
【拓展】
persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r)/ vi. 坚持;孜孜以求
persevere in (doing) sth 坚持做某事
persevere with sth 孜孜不倦地做某事
【例句】
You have to persevere with difficult students.
对难教的学生你必须坚持诲人不倦的精神。
Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a hot-air balloon.
虽然屡遭挫折,他们仍不断尝试乘热气球环游世界。
2. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. (P38)
然而,当我申请参加这次探险时,沙克尔顿却拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不具备
资格。
turn sb down 拒绝某人
【例句】
I applied for the job but they turned me down.
我申请那份工作,但他们拒绝了我。
【拓展】
3. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. (P38)
然而,当我申请参加这次探险时,沙克尔顿却拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不具备
资格。
qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
【搭配】
be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
be qualified for ... 符合……的条件
【例句】
He took all kinds of tests to prove he was qualified for this important task.
他做了各种测试来证明他完全能胜任这项重要的任务。
He is not yet an adult, so he isn’t qualified to vote.
他还没有成年,所以没有资格投票。
【拓展】
qualify vi. 合格,取得资格(或学历) vt. 使合格,使具备资格
qualify for ... 取得……资格
qualify sb for ... 使某人能胜任……
qualify sb to do ... 使某人有资格做……
qualification n. [C] 资格,资历;学历
have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth / to do sth (没)有(做)……的资格
【例句】
The test will qualify you to drive heavy vehicles.
通过这项考试你就有资格驾驶重型车辆。
Membership qualifies you for a discount on purchases.
会员购买可以享受优惠。
A victory in this game will earn them qualification for the World Cup.
这场比赛的胜利将使他们取得世界杯的参赛资格。
4. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. (P38)
但是,满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情,我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船,躲在一个小橱柜里。
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的;热心的
【搭配】
be enthusiastic about (doing) sth 对(做)某事热心/感兴趣
【例句】
He was so enthusiastic about learning Chinese and after six months, he could speak it fluently.
他对学习中文十分感兴趣。六个月后,他的中文说得相当流利。
【拓展】
enthusiasm n. [U]热情,热心,热忱
enthusiastically adv. 热情地
5. He assigned me to be a steward ... (P38)
他指派我担任服务员……
assign /əˈsaɪn/ vt. 分派;布置;分配
【搭配】
assign sb sth = assign sth to sb 分配给某人某物
assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事
assign sb to sth 指派某人做某一项工作
assign sb as sth 指派某人任某一职务
【例句】
The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task.
老师给我们每个人都分配了假期的任务。
They’ve assigned the best man to do the job.
他们指派了最优秀的人做这项工作。
【拓展】
assignment n. [C, U](分派的)工作,任务; [U](工作等的)分派,布置
6. Before we abandoned the ship, ... (P38)
在我们弃船之前,……
abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃
【例句】
Our car broke down halfway. We had to abandon our car and walk the rest of the way.
我们的车半路抛锚了。我们只好弃车,走完剩下的路。
【拓展】
abandon vt. 陷入,沉湎于(某种情感)
abandon oneself to 沉湎于(某种情感),陷入(to为介词,后跟名词或V-ing)
abandoned adj. 被遗弃的;废弃的;放纵的(可作前置定语或表语)
【例句】
Abandoning himself to the sorrow of losing his cat, Steven just couldn’t help crying.
斯蒂芬沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中,不禁哭了起来。
7. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. (P39)
他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念,让我充满希望。
resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ vi. & vt. 决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n. 决心;坚定的信念
【搭配】
resolve (not) to do sth 决定(不)做某事
resolve on (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
【例句】
He resolved not to tell her the truth.
他决定不告诉她真相。
We have resolved on making an early start.
我们已经决定早点儿动身。
【拓展】
resolution n. [U, sing.](问题、分歧等的)解决,消除; [C]决心,决定
【例句】
Have you made any New Year’s resolutions?
你有什么新年计划吗?
8. The officer was assigned to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident. (P40)
这名警官被派去对这一事件进行彻底的调查。
thorough /ˈθʌrə/ adj. 深入的;彻底的;细致的
【拓展】
thoroughly adv. 深入地;彻底地
【例句】
The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case.
警官决定对该案件进行一次细致、详尽的审查。
They had not studied the language very thoroughly.
他们没有很仔细地研究这一语言。
9. Jason’s only recreation is painting. (P41)
杰森唯一的消遣就是画画。
recreation /ˌrekri'eɪʃn/ n. 娱乐;消遣;游戏
【拓展】
recreational adj. 娱乐的;消遣的
【例句】
According to Anderson, TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports.
安德森认为,对大多数孩子来说,电视并没有取代阅读;它取代了类似的娱乐活动,比如听收音机和做运动。
My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.
我女儿在一个休闲足球队踢球。
10. He finally finished the research paper under his tutor’s guidance. (P41)
在导师的指导下,他终于完成了研究论文。
guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导;引导;导航
【搭配】
under one’s guidance = under the guidance of 在……的指导下
【例句】
Practice under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills.
在一些有经验的作家和老师的指导下练习,他们可以帮助你掌握基本的写作技巧。
【拓展】
guide vt. 指导;影响 n. 旅游指南;导游
11. The company has launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image. (P41)
公司已发起了一场广告宣传活动来提升公司形象。
advertising /ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ/ n. 广告活动;广告业
【拓展】
advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vt. & vi. 公布;宣传;做广告
advertisement n. 广告
【例句】
A good advertising campaign will increase our sales.
良好的广告宣传活动会增加我们的销量。
The advertisers put some advertisements in the local paper to advertise their products.
广告公司在当地报纸上为他们的产品做了广告。
12. Let’s move on to the next candidate. (P43)
让我们看看下一位候选人。
candidate /'kændɪdət/ n. 候选人;应试者
【搭配】
a candidate for sth 某职位的候选人
a presidential candidate 总统候选人
a candidate for the degree of MPhil 攻读哲学硕士学位者
【例句】
There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
毫无疑问,这个候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。
The names of the successful candidates will be put up on the college notice board.
成功的候选人的名单将张贴在学院布告栏里。
13. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds. (P44)
这种燃料会产生油腻的黑烟,但它在强风中仍能保持燃烧。
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
【例句】
Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas.
自行车不会排放废气,因此它们是环保的。
【拓展】
give out 发出,放出(热、光等);分发;用完,耗尽
give away 泄露(秘密);赠送;颁发(奖品等)
give back 归还,送回
give in 屈服,投降
give up 放弃,认输
14. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. (P45)
而他则用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。
commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺;保证;奉献
【搭配】
make a commitment to ... 对……做出承诺
carry out one’s commitment 履行某人的承诺
make a commitment to do sth 保证/承诺做某事
【例句】
He failed the mid-term exam, so he made a commitment to study hard later.
他期中考试不及格,所以他保证以后努力学习。
【拓展】
committed adj. 尽心尽力的,坚信的,坚定的
【语法知识】
现在完成进行时
1. 现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时由“have / has + been + 现在分词”构成。其陈述句、一般疑问句和简单回答如下:
2. 现在完成进行时的用法
(1) 表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也有可能继续进行下去。
① I’m sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year.
我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩,因为这一年里你一直用功学习。
② I’ve been writing letters all this morning.
整个上午我一直在写信。
(2) 表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
① We’ve all along been making mistakes like this.
我们一直犯这样的错误。
② Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
过去一周吉姆每晚都给珍妮打电话。
(3) 表示动作刚刚结束,该动作一般不再继续,有时会指出结果。
① I have been playing ping-pong all morning, so I’m sweating.
整个上午我一直在打乒乓球,所以我浑身是汗。
② I’ve been painting the door, so my hands are very dirty.
我一直在给门刷油漆,所以我的手很脏。
(4) 现在完成进行时还可以表达较重的感情色彩。
① What have you been doing to my dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了?
② Too much has been happening today.
今天发生太多事了。
3. 与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语
现在完成进行时常见的时间状语有:all day / month,this month / week / year,these days,recently / lately,in the past few+时间段,since+时间点,for+时间段等。
① They have been building the bridge for two months.
两个月来他们一直在修桥。
② They have been planting trees this month.
这个月他们一直在植树。
③ Vera has been trying to learn Chinese for years.
维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。
4. 不能用于现在完成进行时的动词
使用现在完成进行时的句子,表意上需要动词行为具有延续性的特点。因此,某些不具延续性含义的动词,如come, go, marry, die, finish, join等,不适用于现在完成进行时。
5. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1) 现在完成时强调的是某个刚完成的动作,或某个过去的动作对现在的影响;现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。
① He has written a letter.
他写了一封信。(已经写好)
② He has been writing a letter.
他一直在写一封信。(仍然在写)
(2) 现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复性,而现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复性。
① Have you met the couple recently?
你最近见过那对夫妇吗?
② Have you been meeting the couple recently?
你最近常和那对夫妇见面吗?
(3) 现在完成时一般是平铺直叙,而现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩。
① I have waited for the master musician for two hours.
我等了那位音乐大师两个小时。(说明一个事实)
② I have been waiting for the master musician for two hours.
我一直等了那位音乐大师两个小时。(可能表示不满)
(4) 表示状态、感觉或情感的动词,如see, feel, know, love等,可用于现在完成时,但不可用于现在完成进行时。
① We have known each other for many years.
我们相识已经很多年了。(不说:We have been knowing ... )
② He has loved Helen since he was in middle school.
他自中学时代就爱上了海伦。(不说:He has been loving ... )