2023天津市新华中学高三上学期期末英语试题含解析

这是一份2023天津市新华中学高三上学期期末英语试题含解析，文件包含天津市新华中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析docx、天津市新华中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。

天津市新华中学2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期期末考试
英语学科
第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
1. —I think the amusement park is really a good place for entertainment.
— . I haven’t had so much fun for a long time.
A. By no means B. That really matters
C. Out of the question D. You can say that again
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—我认为游乐园是一个娱乐的好地方。—你说得对。我很久没这么开心过了。A. By no means决不；B. That really matters那真的很重要；C. Out of the question不可能；D. You can say that again你说的一点没错。根据后文“I haven’t had so much fun for a long time.”可知，是赞同前文的观点。故选D项。
2. Experts have pointed out that the _______ of severe punishment plays a major role in the growing food safety problem.
A. absence B. presence C. existence D. evidence
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家指出，没有严厉的惩罚是导致食品安全问题日益严重的主要原因。A. absence缺失；B. presence出席；C. existence存在；D. evidence证明。由语意可知，食品安全问题的日益严重在很大程度上是因为：严厉惩罚的缺失（absence）。故选A项。
3. Professor Smith will come here to give a speech. All the preparations must be________before 5 o’clock.
A. in time B. in sight C. in place D. in control
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：斯密斯教授将要来这里做一个演讲，在5点之前所有的准备工作都要准备就绪。A. in time及时，迟早；B. in sight在视野之内；C. in place在合适的地方；适合；准备就绪；D. in control在控制中。根据上文“All the preparations must be”指准备工作准备就绪，故选C。
4. There are over 50,000 signs in modern Chinese but luckily, Chinese children ______ learn all of them for everyday purpose.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. won't
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：现代汉语中有超过5万种标志，但幸运的是，中国儿童不必学习所有这些标志用于日常目的。A. needn't不必；B. mustn't表示禁止； C. can't不可能；D. won't不愿意。根据but luckily可推断，不必学习如此多的东西，故选A。
5. —How did you find the film Transformers 3?
— ____________. I can’t think too highly of it.
A. It makes no sense B. It’s really amazing
C. It’s up to you! D. By chance
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你觉得《变形金刚3》怎么样？——太棒了！我想不出更高的评价了。A. It makes no sense没道理；B. It’s really amazing太棒了；C. It’s up to you!由你做主！D. By chance偶然。结合后文“I can’t think too highly of it”可知回答者对电影是赞美的，觉得太棒了。故选B。
6. These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, ________ Guangxi is home.
A. of which B. to which C. for whom D. to whom
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族建造的，广西是壮族和瑶族的家园。A. of which哪一个的；B. to which对于哪一个；C. for whom为了谁；D. to whom对于谁。分析句子，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the local Zhuang and Yao people，先行词指人，关系词在定语从句中作状语，使用“介词+whom”引导从句，be home to为固定搭配，表示“是……的家乡”，所以使用to whom引导从句。故选D项。
7. After graduating from university, Zhang Han went to the UK, where she economics for a whole year.
A. studied B. has studied C. had studied D. would study
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：大学毕业后，张涵去了英国，在那里她学习了整整一年的经济学。分析句子结构可知，本句是where引导的非限制性定语从句，从句部分缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处指她去了英国之后，在英国学了一年的经济学，叙述过去发生的事情。所以用一般过去时。故选A项。
8. —Time is limited. I have to finish this tonight.
—But it’s midnight now and you should have a sleep much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：——时间有限，我不得不今晚完成。——但是现在都午夜了，不管有多少工作要做你都应该休息了。表示“无论多么”应用however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how。you should have a sleep no matter how much work you have to do，不管你有多少工作要做，你都应该休息了。故选A。
9 History is the best teacher. It ________ records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
A. apparently B. conventionally C. faithfully D. eventually
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析 句意：历史是最好的老师，它能如实地记录每一个国家的发展史并向我们预测未来。A. apparently显然地；B. conventionally照惯例； C.faithfully如实地； D. eventually最后，终于。根据“History”以及“records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us”可知，faithfully符合句意。故选C
10. Respect is not one-way traffic but mutual, and that might be we fight back in the trade friction against the USA .
A. where B. because C. why D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：尊重不是单向的，而是相互的，这可能就是我们要在贸易摩擦中反击美国的原因。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故用why引导。故选C。
【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分清是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词在从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
11. An energy ministry official says all of the country’s nuclear plants have been________ and are capable of standing natural disasters.
A. arranged B. appreciated C. inspected D. performed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名能源部官员表示，该国所有的核电站都经过了检查，能够承受自然灾害。A. arranged安排；B. appreciated感激；C. inspected检查；D. performed执行，表演。结合句意故选C。
12. China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
13. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.
A. will be repaid B. was being repaid
C. has been repaid D. was repaid
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：不要担心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语later in life意为在以后的生活中，可以判断为将来时态，主语The hard work与谓语为被动关系。故选A。
14. The recent cold weather has prevented residents from going out, which may _______ the decline in customer flows at the shopping mall.
A. make up B. contribute to C. apply for D. take up
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意： 最近的寒冷天气阻碍了居民外出，这可能导致购物中心客流量的下降。A.make up组成；B. contribute to导致；C.apply for申请；D. take up从事。根据“The recent cold weather has prevented residents from going out”可知，最近的寒冷天气阻碍了居民外出，这可能导致购物中心客流量的下降。故选B项。
15. His plan is very ________. He wants to pass CET-4 and IELTS before he enters university.
A. ambitious B. abundant C. abstract D. appropriate
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的计划非常雄心勃勃。他想在进入大学之前通过大学英语四级考试和雅思。A. ambitious雄心勃勃的；B. abundant丰富的；C. abstract抽象的；D. appropriate适当的。根据“He wants to pass CET-4 and IELTS before he enters university.”可知，他的计划非常雄心勃勃。故选A项。
第二节：完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
It was many years ago. I was a____16____father on my way home to my wife and baby boy after spending all day____17____college classes. I had gone back to school to get a degree in education. I wanted to secure a____18____job that would help me to build a better life for my growing family. It was a two-hour round trip to the____19____, so every day I would pray for my 20-year-old car to____20____it all the way.
As I started down a lonely stretch of highway about 12 miles from my home I ___21___ a car parked along the side of the road with its emergency flashers____22____. A small woman was struggling to___23___a flat tire. This was long before the age of cell phones____24____I knew that any other help might not arrive for a while. I____25____behind her car and offered to give her a hand. Her own hands were bruised（擦伤的）and____26____from struggling with the lug nuts（四方螺帽）and she had tears of frustration in her eyes. The lug nuts were rusty（生锈的）and____27____and the lug wrench（单向扳手）a little small, but after a while I got the flat off and the____28____tire on. As I said goodbye the little lady hugged me with tears of___29___ this time. I waved and drove off a little embarrassed at her____30____. After all, it had just been one kind act.
It took me a lot of years after that to learn the true____31____of one kind act. One kind act can change the world. One kind act can teach more____32____than a million words. One kind act can save a lost soul and heal（治愈）a____33____heart.
Never pass up the possibility of using your own____34____to make this world a better place. Every day we are given the choice to be____35____or kind. Always choose to be kind.
16. A. great B. young C. lazy D. rich
17. A. preparing B. missing C. taking D. giving
18. A. teaching B. cooking C. driving D. writing
19. A. college B. hospital C. garage D. store
20. A. forget B. ignore C. get D. make
21. A. passed B. stopped C. noticed D. heard
22. A. out B. over C. on D. off
23. A. repair B. borrow C. buy D. change
24. A. and B. but C. though D. unless
25. A. set off B. pulled up C. showed off D. lay down
26. A. moving B. bleeding C. freezing D. shaking
27. A. shiny B. simple C. useful D. tight
28. A. spare B. worn C. clean D. cheap
29. A. pride B. regret C. pain D. relief
30. A. appreciation B. doubt C. expectation D. surprise
31. A. cause B. danger C. power D. pressure
32. A. curiosity B. love C. courage D. desire
33. A. light B. broken C. brave D. cold
34. A. kindness B. patience C. interest D. wisdom
35. A. tough B. busy C. cruel D. free
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。作者开车到一段寂寥的公路上时，注意到一辆车停在路边，一名小个子女人正在努力更换漏气的轮胎。于是作者主动伸出手来帮助她换轮胎，换好之后，她含泪拥抱作者。几年之后，作者理解了一个善举的真正力量，它胜过千言万语，可以改变世界，我们要永远选择善良。
【16题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：我是一个年轻的父亲，在上了一整天的大学课程之后，在回家去见我的妻子和孩子的路上。A.great伟大的；B.young年轻的；C.lazy懒惰的；D.rich富有的。根据下文baby boy可知，作者是一位年轻的爸爸。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我是一个年轻的父亲，在上了一整天的大学课程之后，在回家去见我的妻子和孩子的路上。A.preparing准备；B.missing思念；C.taking参加；D.giving给出。根据下文I had gone back to school to get a degree in education.可知，作者在大学里上课。take classes上课。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我想找到一份教学的工作，可以帮助我为我不断壮大的家庭建立更好的生活。A.teaching教学；B.cooking烹饪；C.driving开车；D.writing写作。根据上文I had gone back to school to get a degree in education.可知，作者回学校是为了获得教育学位，他想找一份教学的工作。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：往返大学需要两个小时，所以每天我都会祈祷我那辆开了20年的车一路平安。A.college大学；B.hospital医院；C.garage车库；D.store商店。根据上文I was a____1____father on my way home to my wife and baby boy after spending all day____2____college classes.可知，往返大学需要两个小时。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：往返大学需要两个小时，所以每天我都会祈祷我那辆开了20年的车一路平安。A.forget忘记；B.ignore忽略；C.get得到；D.make制作。往返学院需要2个小时，所以作者每天都祈祷他20年的汽车能够顺利到达，make it“成功做到，达到预定目标”。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当我沿着一条偏僻的高速公路行驶到离我家12英里的地方时，我注意到一辆汽车停在路边，车上的应急闪光灯开着。A.passed通过；B.stopped停止；C.noticed注意到；D.heard听见。根据语境可知，此处指作者注意到一辆停在路边的车。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：当我沿着一条偏僻的高速公路行驶到离我家12英里的地方时，我注意到一辆汽车停在路边，车上的应急闪光灯开着。A.out出去；B.over超越；C.on开着，进行中；D.off离开。根据语境可知，此处指应急闪光灯开着。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：A.repair修理；B.borrow借；C.buy买；D.change换。根据下文but after a while I got the flat off and the____13____tire on.可知，这位女士在换一个漏气的轮胎。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：那是在手机时代之前很久的事了，我知道任何其他的帮助可能都要一段时间才会到来。A.and并且；B.but但是；C.though尽管；D.unless除非。根据句意可知，前后句是顺承关系，应使用并列连词and。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我把车停在她的车后，主动提出帮她一把。A.set off出发；B.pulled up靠边停车；C.showed off炫耀；D.lay down躺倒。根据下文but after a while I got the flat off and the____13____tire on.可知，作者靠边停车，主动去帮助她。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：她自己的手因为与螺母搏斗而受伤流血，她眼里含着沮丧的泪水。A.moving移动；B.bleeding流血；C.freezing冰冻；D.shaking摇晃。根据空前were bruised可知，她自己的手也因为与螺母抗争而被擦伤、正在流血。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：车轮螺母生锈了，而且很紧，车轮扳手有点小，但过了一会儿我把那个漏气的轮胎卸下来了，换上了备胎。A.shiny发光的；B.simple简单的；C.useful有用的；D.tight紧的，牢固的。根据上文The lug nuts were rusty可知，螺母生锈了特别紧。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：车轮螺母生锈了，而且很紧，车轮扳手有点小，但过了一会儿我把那个漏气的轮胎卸下来了，换上了备胎。A.spare备用的；B.worn用坏的；C.clean干净的；D.cheap便宜的。根据常识可知，每辆车都有一个备胎，此处指作者就把坏胎卸掉，换上了备胎。。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：当我说再见的时候，那位女士这次含着欣慰的泪拥抱了我。A.pride自豪；B.regret后悔；C.pain疼痛；D.relief减轻，宽慰。因为作者帮助她换胎，她感到轻松欣慰。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我挥挥手，对她的赞赏有些不好意思。A.appreciation感谢，欣赏；B.doubt怀疑；C.expectation期待；D.surprise惊奇。根据下文After all, it had just been one kind act.可知，正在认为这只是一个善举，因此对她的赞赏有些不好意思。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我花了很多年才理解到一个善举的真正力量。A.cause原因；B.danger危险；C.power力量；D.pressure压力。根据下文One kind act can change the world.可知，此处指善举的真正力量。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：一个善举能教会你的爱胜过千言万语。A.curiosity好奇；B.love爱；C.courage勇气；D.desire欲望。根据上文One kind act can change the world.可知，此处指一个善举能教会你的爱胜过千言万语。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：一个善举可以拯救一个失去灵魂和治愈一颗破碎的心。A.light明亮的；B.broken破碎的；C.brave勇敢的；D.cold冷酷的。根据上文One kind act can save a lost soul可知，此处指治愈一颗破碎的心。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：永远不要放弃用自己的善良来使这个世界变得更美好的可能性。A.kindness善良；B.patience耐心；C.interest兴趣；D.wisdom明智。根据下文Always choose to be kind.可知，我们永远不要放弃用自己的善良来使这个世界变得更美好的可能性。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：每一天，我们都面临着是残忍还是善良的选择。A.tough艰苦的；B.busy忙碌的；C.cruel残忍的；D.free自由的。根据空后or kind及Always choose to be kind.可知，此处指面临是残忍还是善良的选择。故选C。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题要求判断出作者是什么样的父亲。该题可根据下文baby boy可知，作者是一位年轻的爸爸。结合选项A.great伟大的；B.young年轻的；C.lazy懒惰的；D.rich富有的。由此可知，B选项正确。
第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2.5分,满分50分)
A
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AR Workshop
615-258-5569 | arworkshop.com/nashville
AR Workshop is a DIY studio that offers hands-on classes for decorating home from raw materials. Join an instructor-led workshop where you can make wood signs, framed signs, round signs, centerpiece boxes and more! AR Workshop will help you take your home decoration to the next level and have fun while creating it!
Artistic Elements Dance
615- 472-9471 | artisticelementsdance.com
Artistic Elements’ aim is to develop dancers with excellent, professional technique, humble character and team spirit. We offer Beginner to Pre-Professional Level Classes to dancers from 18 months to adults in the styles of ballet, jazz, musical theatre, hip hop and more! Our experienced teachers all well-trained are willing to share the love of dance with each student who walks through our doors and ensure our dancers train safely in a positive environment. In addition to group classes, Artistic Elements offers private lessons, open master classes and birthday parties.
Melody Music Studios
615-510-3798| melodymusicstudios.com| musiclessonsnashvilletn. asp Melody Music Studios offers exciting music and voice lessons, in the student’s home or the instructor’s personal studio. We offer all styles, traditional and/or by ear, in a fun and positive environment. There’s a grace period (宽限期) of three business days to cancel after the trial lesson (试课), and if you’re not satisfied, it’s FREE! So you have nothing to lose to sign up today!
My Gym of Brentwoo
615-371-5437| mygym.com/brentwood
My Gym is the expert in children’s fitness. It has good programs and facilities designed to help children 6 weeks through 13 years of age develop physically and mentally. Our structured, age-appropriate, weekly classes include music dance, games, special rides, gymnastics, sports and more. Children have loads of fun as they gain strength, balance, coordination and flexibility while developing social skills and confidence.
36. If Mary wants to make her new home more beautiful, which one suits her best?
A. Melody Music Studios. B. My Gym of Brentwood.
C. AR Workshop. D. Artistic Elements Dance.
37. What do you know about Artistic Elements Dance?
A. It provides various courses for dancers of all ages.
B. Its teachers can give professional training to learners.
C. It provides summer and winter camps for dance lovers.
D. It only focuses on developing dancers’ professional dancing skills.
38. After taking part in the trial class of Melody Music Studios, you .
A. must pay for it
B. must take the courses
C. can call off the class at any time free
D. have right to decide whether to continue
39. Who will probably go to My Gym of My Brentwood?
A. Tom, a 6-month old boy, was born with a weak heart.
B. Mark, a 12-year-old student, wants to get stronger.
C. Tony, a 31-year-old teacher, likes to build up his body.
D. John, a 65-year-old retired man, wants to kill his spare time.
40 This passage most likely comes from .
A. an advertisement B. an art show review
C. an exhibition guide D. a school announcement
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了4种在业余时间学习新东西的选择。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题AR Workshop下的段落中“AR Workshop will help you take your home decoration to the next level and have fun while creating it!(AR工作坊将帮助您将您的家居装饰提升到一个新的水平，并在创造它的同时获得乐趣!)”可知，如果玛丽想让她的新家更漂亮，AR Workshop最适合她。故选C项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据小标题Artistic Elements Dance下的段落中“Our experienced teachers all well-trained are willing to share the love of dance with each student who walks through our doors and ensure our dancers train safely in a positive environment.(!我们经验丰富的老师都受过良好的训练，愿意与每一个走进我们大门的学生分享对舞蹈的热爱，并确保我们的舞者在一个积极的环境中安全训练)”可推知，Artistic Elements Dance中的老师们都很专业，可以给学员提供专业的指导。故选B项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据小标题Melody Music Studios下的段落中“There’s a grace period of three business days to cancel after the trial lesson , and if you’re not satisfied, it’s FREE!(试课后有三个工作日的宽限期可以取消，如果您不满意，免费!)”可推知，客户自己有权决定是否继续。故选D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据小标题My Gym of Brentwoo下的段落中“It has good programs and facilities designed to help children 6 weeks through 13 years of age develop physically and mentally. Our structured, age-appropriate, weekly classes include music dance, games, special rides, gymnastics, sports and more.(它有良好的项目和设施，旨在帮助6周到13岁的儿童身心发展。我们的结构化、适龄的每周课程包括音乐，舞蹈，游戏，特殊的骑乘，体操，运动等)”可推知，这个健身房为6周到13岁的身体健康的儿童提供健身服务。所以B项“Mark, a 12-year-old student, wants to get stronger.(马克是一名12岁的学生，他想变得更强壮)”符合标准，他会去My Gym of My Brentwood。故选B项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“If you want to learn something new in your spare time, there are some choices for you.(如果你想在业余时间学习新东西，这里有一些选择)”以及各小标题下都有电话号码和官方网址，所以这篇文章很可能来自广告。故选A项。
B
In 2018, the state of California was on fire. Alexandria Villasenor, who was 13 at the time, witnessed the destruction of Northern California’s Camp Fire, which would go on to burn more than 150,000 acres of land. Villasenor was scared. “That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.”
Villasenor now 15, is determined to have a bigger conversation. She quickly realized the fight requires international, government-level changes. For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. She sat on a bench in front of the headquarters, pleading for the world's leaders to take climate change seriously.
Her action received national attention, with millions of other students around the world joining in the movement. “It's completely unacceptable to not learn anything about our planet and our environment in school, after all the young people would “inherit” the Earth.” Villasenor said, “That’s why I think that climate education is so important, and that's why I focus a lot on it now.”
Right now, Villasenor is working with the Biden-Harris administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. She even spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention. “That was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists,” Villasenor said.
When she isn't connecting with her fellow youth activists or holding elected officials accountable to the climate concerns of their young voters, Villasenor is like most other teens. “My favorite thing to do, of course, is sleep.” she said. “I like to read a lot. I like fantasy books, normally. I also like to write.”
41. What made Villasenor realize the lack of climate education?
A. The state of California. B. The fire disasters in America.
C. 150,000 acres of land scaring her. D. The severe Camp fire in California.
42. What does the underlined part “have a bigger conversation” mean?
A. To talk with more local people to change their mind.
B. To convey her belief loudly to more global students.
C. To call on local people to fight with the leaders.
D. To protest to leaders at home and abroad to make changes.
43. We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. Villasenor turned her original appeal into a lasting and widespread one
B. Villasenor thinks the world’s leaders have taken climate change seriously
C. Millions of students around the world are joining in the movement
D. Young people should do more things for the earth so as to inherit it
44. Which of the following facts gives Villasenor a sense of achievement?
A. That she is working with the Biden-Harris administration on 1ts climate plan.
B. That her and other youth climate activists’ opinions caught people’s attention.
C. That she can sleep and read in her spare time.
D. That more schools have set up climate courses.
45. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The 15-year-old activist fighting for better climate education.
B. Climate education deserves everyone’s attention around the world.
C. A young girl and her climate education.
D. Young activists make their voices heard.
【答案】41. D 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了15岁的Alexandria Villasenor因为加利福尼亚严重的营火，意识到如今气候教育的缺乏。她通过长达一年的抗议活动，向国内外领导人提出抗议，要求做出改变，她的行动引起了全国的关注，世界各地数百万其他学生加入了这项运动。目前，Villasenor正在与Biden-Harris政府合作制定气候计划，该计划承诺将把受气候变化影响最严重的年轻人和社区的需求放在中心。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Alexandria Villasenor, who was 13 at the time, witnessed the destruction of Northern California's Camp Fire, which would go on to burn more than 150,000 acres of land. Villasenor was scared. “That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.”(当时13岁的Alexandria Villasenor目睹了北加州营火的毁灭，这场大火将烧毁超过15万英亩的土地。Villasenor很害怕，她反思道：“那时我才发现气候教育有多么重要，以及过去几年我们有多缺乏气候教育。”)”可知，是加利福尼亚严重的营火让Villasenor意识到气候教育的缺乏。故选D。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“She quickly realized the fight requires international, government-level changes. For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations' New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. She sat on a bench in front of the headquarters, pleading for the world's leaders to take climate change seriously.(她很快意识到，这场斗争需要国际社会和政府层面的变革。对她来说，一开始只是当地的担忧，后来演变成了在联合国纽约总部门前长达一年的抗议活动，以及一场要求更多气候义务教育的全球运动。她坐在总部大楼前的长凳上，呼吁世界各国领导人认真对待气候变化问题)”可知，15岁的Villasenor决定向国内外领导人提出抗议，要求做出改变，即划线部分意思是“向国内外领导人提出抗议，要求做出改变”。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations' New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education.(对她来说，一开始只是当地的担忧，后来演变成了在联合国纽约总部门前长达一年的抗议活动，以及一场要求更多气候义务教育的全球运动)”以及第三段中“Her action received national attention, with millions of other students around the world joining in the movement.(她的行动引起了全国的关注，世界各地数百万其他学生加入了这项运动)”可推知，Villasenor把她最初的吸引力变成了持久和广泛的吸引力。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““That was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists,” Villasenor said.(“当我意识到人们在倾听我和青年气候活动家的声音时，那绝对是一个重大时刻，” Villasenor说)”可知，Villasenor和其他青年气候活动家的观点引起了人们的注意，这给了Villasenor一种成就感。故选B。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Right now, Villasenor is working with the Biden-Harris administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. She even spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.(目前，Villasenor正在与Biden-Harris政府合作制定气候计划，该计划承诺将以受气候变化影响最严重的年轻人和社区的需求为中心。她甚至在2020年民主党全国代表大会上发言)”及对15岁的Alexandria Villasenor的奋斗过程的介绍，可知，这篇文章主要讲述了这位15岁的活动家为更好的气候教育而奋斗的故事。故选A。
C
How many times has this happeped to you: You arrive at work, knowing that you have a big important project/report/phone call/etc. to take care of. You’re not looking forward to it, for whatever reason, so you decide to just check your email first. And then, after reading and responding to emails, you decide you’d better clean out and organize your inbox (收件箱). And while doing that, you find a bunch of interesting links to look at online...
And before you know it, it’s time for lunch, and you haven’t even looked at that important thing you needed to do. It’s human nature that we often overlook or don’t deal with the things we don’t like, or that are difficult. This applies to everything from having a difficult conversation with a coworker to getting a check-up at the dentist. We procrastinate (拖延) or find other more exciting things to do. In fact, we’re really good at avoiding those things we don’t want to do. But the secret is that the people who just buckle down (倾全力) and get them done, end up being more successful in the long run.
Psychologists tell us that we procrastinate because it actually feels really good; we’re generally avoiding risk and doing things that are more fun or pleasurable. That means the procrastination gives us a little psychological reward when making that uncomfortable phone call just doesn’t. And it turns out that, in general, procrastination isn’t a time-management problem; it’s a problem of self-regulation — something we in the West tend to have a big problem with.
Luckily, you can practice self-regulation, even if it’s not one of your best skills. Mark Twain once said, “Eat a live frog first thing in the morning, and nothing worse will happen to you the rest of your day.” Author Brian Tracy took this to mean: do the thing you want to do the least first, and the rest of your day will be easier. It’s a really good idea to deal with the things you hate first in the morning.
A great way to make this a habit is to give yourself a reward after completing the onerous task. Maybe you tie your morning coffee break to completing your worst task of the day; you don’t get to stop for a cup of coffee until you’re done. It can also help to identify the task the night before, so you don’t waste time wondering what you should be doing.
46. What does a person usually do first when getting to the office?
A. Check emails in the inbox. B. Deal with urgent tasks.
C. Make a to-do list for the day. D. Visit interesting websites.
47. What does mankind tend to do?
A. Try our best to succeed. B. Get along well with colleagues.
C. Ignore things we dislike. D. Overcome difficulties.
48. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Why we do things that are more fun.
B. Why we put off what we know we’re supposed to do.
C. Why we need a psychelogical reward.
D. Why we have a big problem with self-regulation.
49. What does Mark Twain suggest by saying “eat a live frog first thing”
A. Keeping fit by eating fresh meat.
B. Solving the things you hate first.
C. Solving the things you enjoy first.
D. Having a good breakfast daily.
50. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “onerous”?
A. Daily. B. Demanding. C. Easiest. D. Immediate.
【答案】46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拖延症产生的原因，以及解决的办法。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“How many times has this happeped to you: You arrive at work, knowing that you have a big important project/report/phone call/etc. to take care of. You’re not looking forward to it, for whatever reason, so you decide to just check your email first.(这种情况在你身上发生过多少次了：你到达工作地点，知道你有一个重要的项目/报告/电话等要处理。不管出于什么原因，你并不期待它，所以你决定先查看邮件)”可知，一个人到达办公室后通常首先检查收件箱中的邮件。故选A项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s human nature that we often overlook or don’t deal with the things we don’t like, or that are difficult. (我们经常忽视或不处理我们不喜欢或困难的事情，这是人类的本性)”可知，我们倾向于忽略我们不喜欢的东西。故选C项。
【48题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Psychologists tell us that we procrastinate because it actually feels really good; we’re generally avoiding risk and doing things that are more fun or pleasurable. That means the procrastination gives us a little psychological reward when making that uncomfortable phone call just doesn’t. And it turns out that, in general, procrastination isn’t a time-management problem; it’s a problem of self-regulation — something we in the West tend to have a big problem with.(心理学家告诉我们，我们拖延是因为它实际上感觉很好；我们通常会避免风险，做一些更有趣或愉快的事情。这意味着，当我们打那个不舒服的电话时，拖延会给我们一点心理奖励。事实证明，一般来说，拖延症并不是时间管理的问题；这是一个自我调节的问题——这是我们西方人往往存在的一个大问题)”可知，第三段主要介绍了为什么我们要推迟我们应该做的事。故选B项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mark Twain once said, “Eat a live frog first thing in the morning, and nothing worse will happen to you the rest of your day.”Author Brian Tracy took this to mean: do the thing you want to do the least first, and the rest of your day will be easier. (马克·吐温曾经说过：“早上第一件事就是吃一只活青蛙，那么接下来的一天就不会发生更糟糕的事情了。”作家布莱恩·特雷西认为这句话的意思是：先做你最不想做的事，接下来的一天就会更轻松)”可知，马克·吐温说“第一件事就是吃一只活青蛙”是先解决你讨厌的事情之意。故B项。
【50题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中划线词的后一句“Maybe you tie your morning coffee break to completing your worst task of the day; you don’t get to stop for a cup of coffee until you’re done.(也许你把早上喝咖啡的时间和完成一天中最糟糕的任务联系起来；在你完成之前，你不能停下来喝杯咖啡)”可知，此处onerous task指的就是最糟糕的任务，再根据第二段中“It’s human nature that we often overlook or don’t deal with the things we don’t like, or that are difficult. (我们经常忽视或不处理我们不喜欢或困难的事情，这是人类的本性)”可知，本文说的是我们倾向于拖延困难的任务，即是糟糕的任务。由此可知，划线词onerous和Demanding“费力的”意思相近。故选B项。
D
When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.
Our age, what we might call the age of economics, is strongly influenced by two types of relationships that reflect the lives we are encouraged to lead. There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And there are entrepreneurial(商业) relationships, those that we invest in, hoping they will bring us some return.
Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “Tt is not for their character that men love ready-witted people, but because they find them pleasant.” About the usefulness friendships, he said, “Those who love each other for their utility (效用) do not love each other for themselves, but because of some good which they get from each other.”
Although we benefit from our close friendships, these friendships are not a matter of calculable gain and loss. Consumer pleasures are lasting for only a limited time. They surround us for a short period and then they fade, like a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads to the victory of personal gain.
It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的). Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. Shared experience, not just everyday amusement or advancement, is the true basis of friendship.
51. The author mentions his operation in the first paragraph to ______.
A. recall one of his best friends B. advise people to visit sick friends
C. introduce the topic of true friendship D. talk about the experience of surgery
52. Consumer relationships center on ______.
A. the sharing of joy and sorrow B. mutual support in times of trouble
C. personal gain or personal loss D. immediate pleasure
53. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument by ______.
A. explaining three types of friendship B. discussing questions
C. analyzing causes and effects D. providing examples and facts
54. The author seems to support the idea that ______.
A. friendships are a matter of calculable gain or loss
B. there are no specific reasons for friendship
C. short-term pleasure is the center of friendship
D. everyday amusement is the true basis of friendship
55. The best title for the text would be ______.
A. Friendship in Modern Times B. Friendship in Economic Recession
C. Friendship in the Age of Economics D. Friendship in a Fast Paced Life
【答案】51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了经济时代的友谊。作者通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。
【51题详解】
目的意图题。根据第一段When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.“当我17岁的时候，我因为一种疾病做了手术。手术后的第二天，我醒来发现我的一个朋友坐在我床对面的椅子上。关于他的来访我记得不太清楚了。但我不会忘记他那天来看我，在我注射吗啡的影响下，他在那里坐了不知道多久。我们从亲密的友谊中获益良多，但它不是一件可以计算得失的事情。”由此可知，作者在第一段提到了他的手术，是为了介绍真正友谊的话题。故选C。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters.“还有消费者关系，我们参与其中是因为他们给我们带来快乐。他们专注于现在。真正重要的是能立即带来快乐。”由此可知，消费者关系以即时愉悦为中心。故选D。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship.“亚里士多德认为有三种类型的友谊:愉悦的，有用的，和真正的友谊。”由此可知，作者试图通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。故选A。
【54题详解】
观点态度题。根据最后一段中Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. “友谊也许不是没有理由的，但他们肯定没有那个特殊的理由。”由此可知，作者似乎支持友谊没有具体原因的观点。故选B。
【55题详解】
标题判断题。根据最后一段中It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的).“在一个我们每个人只能选择所有权、购物、竞争和发展的社会中，受到威胁的恰恰是非经济性质。当我们被引导去相信，没有显而易见的好处的友谊从经济意义上讲是非理性的时候，友谊就受到了威胁。”由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是《经济时代的友谊》。故选C。
第三部分：写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I'm no literary luddite (反对新技术的人). I bought an iPad with my first paycheck from my first full time job after I graduated college. But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn't the right reading experience for me.
Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e readers are more convenient. They're right. It is objectively easier to carry an 7oz. tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag (which is exactly what I did on vacation).
But I don't read for convenience. I read to learn more about the world and myself. I have made friends by seeing a book cover in a cafe and noticing that it was the same title that I was reading. I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions. When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes — shaky ones when I've been reading on the subway, covered in sand if I read it at the beach, next to a train ticket if I was traveling — I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read. It's just not enough to simply consuming the story, which is what e-readers are great for.
When I read paper books, I hold onto them for long periods of time. I just purchased a new bookshelf specially for my “to be read” pile. Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul.
Physical books may not be the most efficient medium, but they are the most meaningful. So keep your Kindle, by all means. But I'll be happy hoarding with my library.
56. Why did the author give his iPad to his brother? (no more than 10 words)
57. What is the second paragraph mainly about? (no more than 6 words)
58. Which word can take the place of the underlined word in paragraph 3? (1 word)
59. When the author has to give away some books, how does he feel about it? (no more than 15 words)
60. Do you like e-readers or physical books? Please explain your opinion. (no more than 25 words)(open)
【答案】56. Because he didn't like reading on the device .
Because it couldn't give him the right reading experience .
Because reading on the device couldn't help trace his life .
Because it couldn't add personal depth and experience to stories .
57. The advantage of e-readers .
Why the technology lovers choose e-readers.
58. Reading
59. He feels that he is giving away (a) part of his soul.
He feels that he is parting with (a) part of his soul.
He feels that it is like giving away/ paring with (a) part of his soul.
60. Possible answers：
I like reading physical books, because they are like my companions and more meaningful to me.
I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to lake them anywhere.
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述自己的阅读习惯，介绍了自己选择纸质书籍的原因，认为物理书籍可能不是最有效的媒介，但它们是最有意义的。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn't the right reading experience for me.( 但经过两年偶尔在这个设备上的阅读以后，我把它交给了我哥哥。 对我来说这不是正确的阅读体验)”以及第三段的“I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions.（我可以用一直陪伴我的书来追踪我的生活。）”和“I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read.( 我能够增加一个额外的个人深度和经验到我即将重新阅读的故事中。)”可知，作者把自己的ipad给了弟弟，是因为他不喜欢在这个设备上阅读，这不是他正确的阅读体验，在设备上阅读不能跟踪他的生活，不能增添个人深度和经验到书籍上去。故答案为Because he didn't like reading on the device ./Because it couldn't give him the right reading experience ./Because reading on the device couldn't help trace his life ./Because it couldn't add personal depth and experience to stories .
【57题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第二段的“Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e readers are more convenient. They're right. It is objectively easier to carry an 7oz. tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag（科技爱好者选择电子阅读器而不是书籍，因为电子阅读器更方便。他们是对的。比起把五本书装在你的包里，客观上携带7盎司重的平板电脑更容易，成千上万本书触手可得）”可知，第二段主要讲述电子阅读器的优点，爱好科技的人为什么喜欢选择电子阅读器。故答案为The advantage of e-readers ./Why the technology lovers choose e-readers.
【58题详解】
考查词义猜测。上文“I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read.( 我能够增加额外的个人深度和体验到我即将重新阅读的故事中)”可知，重读已经读过的故事，作者增加了个人的认识深度，以及体验，因此推断作者不只是简单的读这个故事，即划线词词义为“阅读”，可以用reading代替。根据字数限制，故答案为Reading。
【59题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul.（偶尔，我会经历一个决定捐赠哪些书的过程，但通常与一本书分开的想法就像赠送我灵魂的一部分）”可知，当作者必须捐赠一些书籍时，他感觉就像与自己的灵魂分离。故答案为He feels that he is giving away (a) part of his soul./He feels that he is parting with (a) part of his soul./He feels that it is like giving away/ paring with (a) part of his soul.
【60题详解】
考查推理判断。本题是开放性试题。只要合情合理，符合字数要求即可。故参考答案为I like reading physical books, because they are like my companions and more meaningful to me./I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to lake them anywhere.
第二节：书面表达(共1题,满分25分)
61. 环境问题影响着人们的工作、学习和生活,而我们的工作和生活又使环境问题越来越严重,假如你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津,准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment in Our School” 为题,写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿,号召同学们从我做起,从身边小事做起,共同保护环境。
1. 简述学校内存在的环境问题;
2. 可以采取的措施;(至少写出两点措施或建议)
3. 提出倡议。
注意：词数 100 左右;可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
What Can We Do for the Environment in Our School
Hello, everyone.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening.
【答案】What Can We Do for the Environment in Our School
Hello, everyone.
Recently, I find that there are some problems in our school. For example, more and more students don't care about the environment so they throw plastic bags everywhere. It is convenient for them to put rubbish in the garbage bin. But they don't do as they should do. What's worse, they always trample on the lawn loosely and carelessly. We should create a healthy, harmonious, stimulating environment, so that the students in the good environment are influenced by the environment. On the other hand, we should help establish correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so that everyone can volunteer to protect the environment.
I call on students to jointly protect the environment.
Thank you for your listening.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。环境问题影响着人们的工作、学习和生活，而我们的工作和生活又使环境问题越来越严重，假如你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment in Our School” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿,号召同学们从我做起，从身边小事做起，共同保护环境。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
影响：influence→ impact
建立：establish→ found
帮助： help→ assist
正确的：correct→ right
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：What's worse, they always trample on the lawn loosely and carelessly.
拓展句：What's worse, they always trample on the lawn loosely and carelessly，which makes the grass wither.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We should create a healthy, harmonious, stimulating environment, so that the students in the good environment are influenced by the environment.（so that引导的结果状语从句）
[高分句型2] But they don't do as they should do.（as引导的方式状语从句）