考点05 副词(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(新高考专用)(教师版)
展开考点05 副词(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
副词
新高考I卷
2023
rare--rarely
2022
eventual--eventually
2021
undoubted--undoubtedly
新高考II卷
2023
basic--basically
2022
accidental--accidentally
2021
浙江1月高考卷
2023
original --originally
2022
rough--roughly
2021
sharp--sharply
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于副词的考查共计8次,主要考查:
1.其他词转化为副词的词形转换;
2.副词的比较级;
3. 副词的比较句型。
【备考策略】系统归类副词的词形转换词,尤其注意不规则变化;重熟练掌握副词比较句型的用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对副词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中考查副词的词形转换,副词的相关句型用法。
(不要粗略的导图,给你最全面、实用的考点总结)
考点一 副词的词形转换
1.副词的构词规律
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
2.词形转换的具体总结(易错特别提醒)
副词后缀
1.形容词变副词去e还是不去e
(1)大部分以字母e结尾的形容词不去e,形容词变副词直接加-ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
entire→entirely 完全地,彻底地
wide→widely 广泛地
absolute→absolutely 绝对地;完全地
polite→politely 有礼貌地;客气地
wise→wisely 明智地;聪明地;精明地
nice→nicely 漂亮地;恰好地
huge→hugely 很;非常
expensive→expensively 昂贵地
(2)-le结尾的形容词变为-ly(易错类别)
simple→simply 简单地;仅仅
gentle→gently 轻轻地;温柔地
terrible→terribly 非常;可怕地;极度地
possible→possibly 可能地;也许
probable→probably 大概;或许
comfortable→comfortably 舒服地;安乐地
(3)以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词去e加-ly
true→truly 真实地(易错拼写)
(4)特殊情况
whole→wholly 完全地;全部
shy→shyly 害羞地
dry→dryly 干燥地
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 单调地
2.以字母ic结尾的形容词加-ally变为副词
specific→specifically 特别地;明确地
basic→basically 主要地,基本上
scientific→scientifically 系统地;合乎科学地
academic→academically 学术上;学业上
historic→historically 关于历史事件,从历史观点上说
classic→classically 古典主义地
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 热情地
3.形式异同的形容词和副词
在学习和运用形容词和副词的过程中,我们常常在一些形容词和副词后加ly变为副词。但是某些副词的形式与形容词形式相同,还有一些是不同的。现把这类常见的形容词和副词归纳如下:
说明
常见词
例句
形容词和副词词形相同,词义相似
alone, enough, early, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, (表示方位) left, right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much
He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早,因为他知道早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(前者为副词,作状语;后者为形容词,作定语)
He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人,总是单独外出。(前者为形容词,作表语;后者为副词,作状语)
形容词和副词词形相同,词义不同
hard, very, past, still, well, that, this等
Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。(为形容词作定语,意为“艰苦的,努力的”)
Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下,人民努力工作。(为副词作状语,意为“努力地”)
Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。(为形容词作表语,意为“不动的;静止的”)
Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了,我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状语,意为“仍然”)
形容词和副词词形相同,词义相似,同时,还有一种以ly结尾的副词
high与highly
Holding his head high, he walked past.他高昂着头走了过去。(意为“高地”)
We all think highly of your research work.我们高度赞扬你的调查工作。(意为“高度地”)
wide与widely
“Open your mouth wide,” said the doctor.“张大你的嘴,”医生说。(意为“张得很大地”)
His theory is now widely accepted.他的理论现在被广泛接受。(意为“广泛地”)
close与closely
The firefighters couldn't get close to the fire because there were too many people in the street.消防队员无法靠近火场,因为街上人太多了。(形容词,意为“走近,靠近”)
Those problems are closely related.这些问题密切相关。(副词,意为“密切地”)
loud与loudly
Speak loud, please!请大点声!(副词,意为“高声地,大声地”)
Someone is knocking loudly at the door.有人正大声地敲门。(副词,意为“大声地”,含有“嘈杂,喧闹”之意。)
deep与deeply
The miners were trapped deep underground. 矿工被困在地下深处。(意为“深地”,常表示具体概念)
We are deeply moved by his good deeds.我们被他的善行深深感动了。(意为“深深地,深刻地”,常表示抽象概念)
形容词和副词词形相同,词义(不)相似,同时还有以ly结尾的另一个副词,不过它的词义完全不同
hard与hardly
He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。(副词,意为“努力地”)
The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了,我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副词,意为“几乎不”)
sharp与sharply
It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在12点整了。(副词,意为“整点,恰好”)
“Don't talk nonsense”, she said sharply. “别胡扯”,她严厉地说。(副词,意为“严厉地”)
fair与fairly
One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.一个人要学会努力奋斗,但要公平奋斗,赢而不骄,输而不失风度。(副词,意为“公平地”)
It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。(副词,意为“相当,很”)
near与nearly
May Day is drawing near.五一即将到来。(副词,意为“在附近;不久以后”)
My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近60岁,他教得很好。(副词,意为“几乎,将近”)
short与shortly
Paper is running short.纸快用完了。(副词,意为“短缺地”)
He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。(副词,意为“不久”)
most与mostly
What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词,much的最高级,意为“最”)
It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词,意为“很;十分;极其”)
They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词,意为“大部分地,主要地”)
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)So, what are they learning? (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查副词。句意:基本上是关于如何描述熊猫的生活。本空置于句首,用逗号和句子隔开,在句中作状语,应用副词形式。
1.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】When Picasso was born, he was so weak that the nurse left him on the side table and ____44____ (simple) began to attend to his mother.
【答案】simply
【解析】考查副词。句意:当毕加索出生时,他是如此虚弱,以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上,只是开始照顾他的母亲。副词修饰动词,结合空后began,所以此处用副词simply作状语,故填simply。
2.【2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考】The carrier, in the next phase, will undergo a series of trials to ____61____ (comprehensive) test its overall capabilities and specific equipment.
【答案】comprehensively
【解析】考查副词。句意:下一阶段,该航母将进行一系列试验,以全面测试其整体能力和特定设备。修饰动词test应用副词comprehensively,作状语。故填comprehensively。
考点二 副词的基本用法
副词是一种词类,常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词在句子中用作状语时,常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置;副词在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后;副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面;副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法,应牢记和熟练掌握。
具体解读
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging.
登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。
②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently.
此外,我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。
③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说,他们都深受感动,尤其是伯纳德,他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。
(2)常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”; therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”; moreover/furthermore“而且,此外”; besides“另外,还有”; however“然而”; instead“相反,代替”; anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”; otherwise“否则”。
The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides,I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了,而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
名师指津 易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如:free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚,迟)/lately(最近), most(很,最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。
(2)有些副词有两种形式:以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义;与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如:close接近/closely密切地; wide宽地/widely广泛地; high高地/highly高度地; deep深地/deeply深深地。
考点三 副词的比较级和最高级变化规则
副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
Beautifully—more beautifully—most beautifully
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
考点四 副词的原级和比较级
1.副词的原级
副词与形容词一样也有原级和比较级,表示对比的两方在性质、特征等方面相等时,用副词的原级,常用的结构为“as+原级副词+as+比较对象”;表示对比的两方在性质、特征等方面不等时,用副词的比较级,常用的结构为“not so(as) +原级副词+as+比较对象”。
例:The sick child walks as ________(slow) as a person with a disability in his legs.
解析:slowly。分析句子结构可知,本句主谓结构齐全,再根据结构“as+原级副词+as+比较对象”和动词walks可知,本空应填副词slowly。
2.副词的比较级
双方进行对比时,如果对比的一方超过了对比的另外一方时,用副词比较级形式,常用的结构为“比较级副词+ than”;如果对比的一方不及对比的另外一方时,常用的结构为“less +原级副词+than”。在二者进行比较的时候,还常用到“the +比较级+句子其他成分,the +比较级+句子其他成分”结构,这一结构是一个复合句,逗号之前的部分是状语从句,逗号之后的部分是复合句的主句,意为“越……,就越……”。
例1:People who run often live three years________ (long) than those who don’t.
解析:longer。空格后面有比较连词than,than的前后有两个对比方,分析句子结构可知本题中句子成分完整,故本空应填副词的比较级形式修饰动词live,故本空填longer。
例2:Up to a certain point,the ______(hard) you study,the ______(good) your college entrance examination results will be.
解析:harder;better。本句中用到了“the more,the more”结构。第一空填副词hard的比较级形式harder修饰动词study,第二空填good的比较级形式better作will be的表语。
【拓展】如果句子中的副词前出现了even,much,far,a lot,a bit,a great deal等程度副词,此句中的副词常用比较级形式。
例:Even 66 ______(bad),the number of people eating junk food has increased.
解析:worse。分析句子结构可知,句子成分完整,逗号前面的部分作状语修饰整个句子,句子中有程度副词even,可知空格处应用副词的比较级作状语修饰整个句子,故本空填副词badly的比较级形式worse。
考点总结
1.比较级的修饰语常见的有rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit等。
2.比较级+than...“比……更”;less...than“不如……”。
3.the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”。
4.the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
考点五 副词的最高级
三者或者三者以上的对象进行对比时,要用到最高级形式。一般用到的结构为“主语+谓语+(the)+最高级副词+of / in+比较的范围”。在这一句型中最高级副词前面的定冠词the可以省略。
例1:Tony laughed the(loud) of all the students in the class of _______ persons.
解析:loudest。本句中的of all ...表示对比的范围,对比的范围中的人数超过了三人,所以本空应用最高级形式,由于laugh为实义动词,故本空应填副词loud的最高级形式loudest。
例2:In the final of the men’s 100 meter sprint at this year’s Tokyo Olympic Games,Lamont Marcel Jacobs ran (the)_________(fast) of all.
解析:fastest。逗号后面的句子中不缺少句子成分,空格处应填副词的最高级形式修饰实义动词ran,故本空应填副词fast的最高级形式fastest。
总结:
1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。
2.最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like等。
3.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。
4.the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
考点总结
考点六 副词的最高级
①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.
为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。
②Smoking is harmful to people's health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
③The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。
④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.
这个价格是平时的10倍,一般人根本买不起。
考点总结
表示倍数的几个句型
1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as...
2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than...
3.倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/height等)+of...
4.The+名词+be+倍数+what从句
5.The+名词+be+倍数+that/those of...
考点七 在语法填空语篇中,判断副词、形容词的方法
提示词是形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,该词词性不变时,则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
1.等级判定看标志
(1)题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时,用比较级。
(2)空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时,用最高级。
(3)空前有one of the, the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。
2.利用固定句型
(1)“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”。
(3)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
3.利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词,但暗含比较级或最高级,也需要用比较级或最高级。
解题再提醒
考查形容词和副词的比较等级
1.通过标志词than、比较等级的修饰语(修饰比较级程度的修饰语有much、a little、a bit、far、by far、a lot、a great/good deal、rather、still;修饰最高级的修饰语有序数词、by far、nearly、almost等)或表示比较意义的语境,判断要用比较级还是最高级。
2.熟练掌握一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法。
这就要求学生要准确理解语境,同时多积累常用比较级或最高级的固定形式。当然学生还要牢记比较级和最高级的正确拼写。此外,要注意very、quite、so、too等不可用来修饰比较级。
3.分析句子结构,理清比较级和最高级。
(1)根据比较等级的句式判断,如果后面有than就用比较级。
(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than,而是根据语境判断出用比较级或最高级。
(3)表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构。
(4)表达在某个范围内“最……”,应用“the+形容词/副词的最高级+比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in、of、among等。
(5)当空前有the second/third ...、one of ...等词时,需填最高级。
(2023·江苏省连云港市调研)______ (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting, making this traditional art more popular in China.
【答案】Earlier
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意:此前,印章雕刻只能由工人完成。根据句意可知,表示早期地,用副词比较级作状语,故填Earlier。
(2023·江苏省淮安市高中校协作体期中)A 2009 study found that people are “far ________ (little) willing to keep many choices open” when some have bigger rewards than others.
【答案】less
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意:2009年的一项研究发现,当一些人获得比其他人更大的回报时,人们“更不愿意公开很多选择”。根据句意可知,此处应用副词little的比较级修饰形容词willing,表示“更少的愿意,更不愿意”与后文bigger相呼应。故填less。
基础过关
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.(2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)In December 2014, Jingdezhen was ____38____ (official) approved by UNESCO and joined the Creative City Network, gaining itself the “City of Crafts and Folk Art” title.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意:2014年12月,景德镇正式获得联合国教科文组织批准,加入创意城市网络,获得“工艺与民间艺术之都”称号。修饰动词approve应用副词officially,作状语。故填officially。
2.(2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟)The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, comprised high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations ________(efficient) at the same time in two locations.
【答案】efficiently
【解析】考查副词。句意:见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要副词,修饰动词短语carry out。故填efficiently。
3.(2023·广东省高三开学大联考)____42____(additional), Chinese people like to drink hot water or tea with their meals since hot water is helpful for digestion according to traditional Chinese medicine.
【答案】Additionally
【解析】考查副词。句意:另外,中国人喜欢在吃饭时喝热水或茶,因为根据中医,热水有助于消化。此处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Additionally。
4.(2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底)The ox was ____44____(original) first, but he was so kind that he agreed to carry the little rat across the river.
【答案】originally
【解析】查副词。句意:牛本来是第一个过河的,但是他很善良,所以同意带着小老鼠过河。修饰后文序数词first应用副词originally,故填originally。
5.(2023·河北省名校联考一模)After the opening of the Beijing 2022 Olympics, Bing Dwen Dwen, like hotcakes, _______ (incredible) went viral overnight.
【答案】incredibly
【解析】考查副词。句意:北京2022年冬奥会开幕后,冰墩墩就像煎饼一样一夜之间走红。修饰动词went应用副词incredibly,作状语。故填incredibly。
5.(2023·广东省梅州市高三二模)So they________(final) agreed. Wan began to record her grandpa’s life in videos, which were posted to Douyin (抖音).
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词。句意:所以他们最终同意了。空后agreed是动词,由副词修饰,所给词final是形容词,其副词是finally。故填finally。
6.(2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考)People from all walks of life in China and abroad expressed their condolences after Yuan’s death, which indicated that his contribution to the hybrid rice industry has been ____63____(wide) recognized and highly praised, Zhao Lijian, spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said at a news conference in Beijing on Monday.
【答案】widely
【解析】考查副词。句意:外交部发言人赵立坚周一在北京举行的新闻发布会上表示,袁隆平去世后,国内外各界人士表示哀悼,这表明袁隆平对杂交水稻产业的贡献得到了广泛认可和高度赞扬。修饰动词has been recognized应用副词形式。故填widely。
7.(2023·河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考) This means new shipping paths will be reliably open, but it also means that species that thrive (茁壮成长) on sea ice will have to adapt_______(significant) and may suffer.
【答案】significantly
【解析】考查副词。句意:这意味着新的航线将可靠地开放,但这也意味着在海冰上茁壮成长的物种将不得不大幅适应,并可能遭受损失。修饰动词adapt用副词形式significantly,意为“明显地,显著地”,作状语。故填significantly。
8.(2023·江苏省连云港市调研)______ (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting, making this traditional art more popular in China.
【答案】Earlier
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意:此前,印章雕刻只能由工人完成。根据句意可知,表示早期地,用副词比较级作状语,故填Earlier。
9.(2023·江苏省决胜新高考4月大联考)The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical of traditional pre-modern villages. ________ (additional), the site preserves regional art, customs, cuisine and other forms of cultural and traditional ways of life.
【答案】Additionally
【解析】考查副词。句意:此外,该地还保留了地区艺术、风俗、美食和其他形式的文化和传统生活方式。分析句子可知,空格处应用副词,作状语。故填Additionally。
10.(2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研)When Picasso was born, he was so weak that the nurse left him on the side table and ____44____ (simple) began to attend to his mother.
【答案】simply
【解析】考查副词。句意:当毕加索出生时,他是如此虚弱,以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上,只是开始照顾他的母亲。副词修饰动词,结合空后began,所以此处用副词simply作状语,故填simply。
11.(2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二)During his youth, he traveled around the country to seek inspiration from nature while ____64____ (enthusiastic) studying the masterpieces of early Chinese painters.
【答案】enthusiastically
【解析】考查副词。句意:年轻时,他游历全国各地,在大自然中寻找灵感,同时热情地研究中国早期画家的杰作。此处修饰动词studying,应用副词enthusiastically“热情地”,作状语。故填enthusiastically。
12.(2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试)Meanwhile, China is also working on a series of reusable space launch and transport systems that will _____45_____(significant) boost its space shuttle capability, lowering costs and empowering future development in this area.
【答案】significantly
【解析】考查副词。句意:与此同时,中国还正在开发一系列可重复使用的航天发射和运输系统,这将大大提高其航天飞机的能力,降低成本,并为该领域的未来发展提供动力。此处修饰动词boost,所以应填副词significantly。故填significantly。
13.(2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考)The carrier, in the next phase, will undergo a series of trials to ____61____ (comprehensive) test its overall capabilities and specific equipment.
【答案】comprehensively
【解析】考查副词。句意:下一阶段,该航母将进行一系列试验,以全面测试其整体能力和特定设备。修饰动词test应用副词comprehensively,作状语。故填comprehensively。
14.(2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)It is therefore necessary for the domestic manufacturers to work harder to ____44____ (constant) raise the proportion of domestic parts in the C919.
【答案】constantly
【解析】考查副词。句意:因此,国内制造企业必须更加努力,不断提高国产零部件在C919中的比例。修饰动词raise应用副词constantly,作状语。故填constantly。
15.(2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟)The old traditions may not be celebrated every spring, nor are the traditional dishes ________(necessary) to be enjoyed right on the day.
【答案】necessarily
【解析】考查副词。句意:古老的传统可能不是每年春天都要庆祝,传统菜肴也不一定要在那天享用。提示词修饰动词be enjoyed,应用副词necessarily作状语,意为“必定,一定”。故填necessarily。
16.(2023·云南省曲靖市一中质量监测(五))A small village in Yunnan Province is ________ (wide) known as the Dai paper factory.
【答案】widely
【解析】考查副词。句意:云南的一个小村庄被广泛称为傣族造纸厂。修饰动词用副词形式,注意 wide 和 widely之间的区别:wide 指的是具体的宽度,为空间宽度,没有感情色彩;而 widely 指的是抽象概念的广泛地,指的是范围上的宽广。此处表示范围广泛。故填 widely。
17.(2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考)Driven by her dancing dream, Meng Qingyang was______(successful) admitted to the major of classical Chinese dance at the well-known Beijing Dance Academy
【答案】successfully
【解析】考查副词。句意:在舞蹈梦想的驱使下,孟庆阳14岁时成功考入中国最高舞蹈教育机构——著名的北京舞蹈学院中国古典舞专业,20岁成为一名舞蹈演员。此处修饰谓语动词,应用副词successfully,作状语。故填successfully。
18.(2023·重庆市八中4月考)On my last day in Paris, I was ______ (confident) walked on street. I guess no matter how hard I tried, I was always going to be an outsider, a tourist.
【答案】confidently
【解析】考查副词。句意:在巴黎的最后一天,我自信地走在街上。根据句子结构可知,空处应为副词修饰空后的walked。故填confidently。
19.(2022·江苏省南京市、盐城市高三下学期第二次模拟)They, ____45____ , must still deal with pressure from their family and peers.
【答案】though/however
【解析】考查副词。句意:然而,他们仍然必须应对来自家庭和同伴的压力。根据前文,一些人选择简单的派对,后文说,他们还得面对家庭和同龄人的压力,所以这里表示转折,可用副词however/though“然而”。故填though/however。
20.(江苏省如皋市2021-2022学年高三英语第一学期教学质量调研(一))39.(surprise), there are no complaints from Ms. John's neighbours nor the local council. “I've got really good neghbours actually,” she said.
【答案】Surprisingly
【解析】考查副词作状语。句意:令人惊讶的是,约翰女士的邻居和地方议会都没有抱怨。“事实上,我的邻居都很好,”她说。此处是副词修饰整个句子,所给词surprise的副词是surprisingly。故填Surprisingly。
能力提升
【2023·浙江省诸暨市高三5月诊断性考试】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When in China I had the opportunity to eat in loads of different restaurants, ____1____(range) from the large and fancy to the small and pedestrian (为行人的). ____2____ I really miss, however, and cannot get here in Canada, is the Chinese street food.
Here is one of my favorite street dishes whose name has slipped my mind. ____3____ is made on a round griddle (平底锅), onto which is poured a very liquid batter (面糊) which is ____4____(thin) spread by a tool that looks like a wooden squeegee (刷) but without the rubber edge. The batter cooks almost immediately forming ____5____ circle about 20 centimeters across and is quickly flipped over (翻转). An egg, sometimes two, will be spread over this together with chopped onions and some sort of spices and then what appears ____6____(be) a waffle is placed on top. The cooked batter ‘skin’ is folder over the waffle, the whole thing is folded in half and it ____7____(serve) in a paper wrapper. It taste absolutely ____8____(wonder).
We have street food here and it is usually very tasty but no one is making the things I ____9____(get) in China and none of the restaurants here serve it either. Unfortunately. I don’t think I will ever again have the privilege of travelling to China so the street food ____10____(treat) are to live on only in my memory.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以外国人的口吻来介绍中国的一种小吃——煎饼的制作过程。
1.ranging考查非谓语动词。在中国的时候,我有机会在许多不同的餐馆用餐,从大的、高档的到小的、为行人准备的。此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词restaurants,且动词range和restaurants是主动关系,应用现在分词形式,故填ranging。
2.What考查主语从句。然而,我真正想念的是中国的街头小吃,这在加拿大是吃不到的。空处引导主语从句,从句缺少miss和get后面的宾语,表示“……的东西”,应用连接代词what来引导,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填What。
3.It考查代词。它是在一个圆形的煎锅上制作的,上面倒入液态的面糊,面糊由一个看起来像木制橡胶刮板但没有橡胶边缘的工具薄薄地铺开。此处应用it代指上文提到的one of my favorite street dishes,作主语,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填It。
4.thinly考查词形转换。它是在一个圆形的煎锅上制作的,上面倒入液态的面糊,面糊由一个看起来像木制橡胶刮板但没有橡胶边缘的工具薄薄地铺开。修饰动词spread应用副词thinly作状语,故填thinly。
5.a考查冠词。面糊形成一个直径约20厘米的圆圈,几乎马上就会熟,然后迅速翻转过来。此处表示“一个圆圈”应用不定冠词来修饰,且circle发音是以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a,故填a。
6.to be考查非谓语动词。句意:一个鸡蛋,有时是两个,将与切碎的洋葱和某种香料一起放在上面,然后像华夫饼的东西被放在上面。appear to do固定搭配,意为“似乎做”,故填to be。
7.is served考查时态和语态。熟面糊的“外皮”包裹着类似“华夫饼”的东西,然后将整个东西对折起来,用纸包着端上来。此处在句中作谓语,句子描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,主语it和动词serve是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is served。
8.wonderful考查词形转换。味道绝对好极了。此处应用形容词作表语,故填wonderful。
9.got考查时态。我们这里有街头小吃,通常都很好吃,但是没有人做我在中国吃到的东西,这里的餐馆也没有提供这种食物。“ I ______(get) in China”是省略关系代词引导的定语从句,修饰the things,所以空处在从句中作谓语,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,故填got。
10.treats考查名词复数。 我想我再也不会有机会去中国旅行了,所以街头小吃只能留在我的记忆里。由are可知,可数名词treat(美味佳肴)应用复数形式,作主语。故填treats。
真题感知
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)So, what are they learning? (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查副词。句意:基本上是关于如何描述熊猫的生活。本空置于句首,用逗号和句子隔开,在句中作状语,应用副词形式。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【答案】originally
【解析】考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
4.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
【答案】eventually
【解析】考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
【答案】accidentally
【解析】考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
6.(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】roughly
【解析】考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
7.(2021新课标I卷)It will ___________(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】考查副词。句意为:它无疑会帮助你恢复精力!修饰动词,所以用副词,故填undoubtedly.
8.(2021年北京卷)Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
【答案】safely
【解析】考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
9.(2021年浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____ _ ___(sharp).
【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
10.(2020新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
11.(2020新课标II卷)___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
12.(2020新课标III卷)As the small boat moved, _________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
13.(2020年浙江卷1月)This is___________(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
【答案】particularly
【解析】考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
14.(2019新课标I卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
15.(2019新课标II卷)Her years of hard work have ________(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。
16.(2019年浙江卷)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _______ (easy) see them.
【答案】easily
【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知,设空处所给词是修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
17.(2018新课标II卷)A taste for meat is _______ (actual) behind the change.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。修饰句子用副词。
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