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第15讲 阅读理解细节理解题（讲义）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）
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这是一份第15讲 阅读理解细节理解题（讲义）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考），共11页。
（讲义）
【复习目标】
熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解细节理解题细目表
【网络构建】
细节理解题概述
命题规律：
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。
命题方式 ：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
选项特征 ：
文章重点关注词：
转折关系：but, hwever, yet, still, n the cntrary, in fact, as a matter f fact, instead, unlike, by cntrast等。
例证关系：such as, fr example, fr instance, take sth as an example等。
因果关系：because, fr, since, as, s, thus, therefre, cnsequently, because f, due t, thanks t, as a result, result in/frm, lead t, cause等。
选项重点关注词：all, never, must, mst, merely, nly, have t, any, cmpletely, 等。
解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
知识点 一 直接信息题
典例1（2023年新高考I卷A 篇）
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
知识点 二 间接信息题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
典例1（2023年新高考I卷B篇）
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
4. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
知识点 三 数字计算题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落；
第三步：进行推算，得出答案。
解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。
典例（2023全国乙卷C篇）
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
10. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】10. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
知识点 四 细节排序题
第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；
第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；
第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；
如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。
解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
典例
A schlgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serius allergic (过敏的) reactin which stpped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Clm's heart by stamping (踩) n his chest after he fell dwn at hme and stpped breathing.
Izzy's mther, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew dctrs wuld never arrive in time t save her father, s decided t use CPR.
Hwever, she quickly discvered her arms weren't strng enugh, s she stamped n her father's chest instead.
Debbie then tk ver with sme mre cnventinal chest cmpressins (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, wh has been given a bravery award by her schl, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strng enugh t use hands. I was quite scared. The dctr said I might as well be a dctr r a nurse. My mum said that Dad was ging t hspital with a big ftprint n his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just tk ver. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children shuld be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the dctr turned up. Clm had t have mre treatment n the way t the hspital and we've gt t see an expert.”
Truck driver Clm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reactin n Saturday and was taken t hspital, but was sent hme nly fr it t happen again the next day. The secnd attack was s serius that his airway swelled, preventing him frm breathing, his bld pressure drpped suddenly, and his heart stpped fr a mment.
He has nw made a full recvery frm his suffering.
What's the right rder f the events?
①Izzy kicked Clm. ②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR. ④Clm's heart stpped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。通过速读原文可知，第一件事是Clm's heart stpped，而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Clm，故选B。
考向一 直接信息题
（2023年江苏省苏北七市二模阅读理解A篇）
Value fr mney?
Yes. It’s nt cheap but it’s a special experience that easily fills a day. Plus, it’s a valuable cause wrth supprting. Adults ￡14, children 5-17 and students ￡6.50, under-4s free, family ￡38 (tw adults and tw children) r ￡25 (ne adult and three children).
Hw much wuld a cuple with their 5-year-ld twin sns pay fr admissin?
A．￡25.B．￡34.5.C．￡38.D．￡41.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Value fr mney?部分中“family ￡38 (tw adults and tw children) r ￡25 (ne adult and three children). (家庭 38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童))”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。
【名师点睛】本题与2023年新高考I卷从题号，到考查类型均高度相似，可谓压中真题。
（2023年湖北省华北师大附中二模阅读理解C篇）
Nichla Clark, an cean expert at the Pew Charitable Trusts called the lng-awaited treaty text “a nce-in-a-generatin pprtunity t prtect the ceans-a majr win fr bidiversity”. The treaty will create a new bdy t manage the cnservatin f cean life and establish marine-prtected are-as n the high seas. Clark said that’s critical t achieving the UN Bidiversity Cnference’s recent prmise t prtect 30 percent f the planet’s waters, fr cnservatin. The treaty als establishes grund rules fr cnducting envirnmental impact assessments fr cmmercial activities in the ceans.
What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A．Cmmercial cean activities will be mnitred.
B．Preservatin f 30% f the planet will be ensured.
C．Prtected areas n the high seas will be expanded.
D．An existing department will manage the cnservatin.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据段中的“The treaty als establishes grund rules fr cnducting envirnmental impact assessments fr cmmercial activities in the ceans.(该条约还确立了对海洋商业活动进行环境影响评估的基本规则。)”可知，该条约还制定了商业海洋活动对海洋造成影响的评估规则，由此可以推断，该条约也会对商业海洋活动进行监管。故选A项。
考向二 间接信息题
（2023年上海高三专练）
In many cuntries f the wrld, peple can cnfidently tell yu the meaning f their twn r city, but mst peple wh live in Manchester, Oxfrd r Birmingham wuld nt be able t explain what the name f their city means.
The name f every British twn and city, hwever, has a lng histry. Tw thusand years ag, mst peple living in Britain were is why there are s many place names in England which end in “-chester” r “-caster” –Manchester, fr example. Rmans never reached Wales r Sctland, and many place names there are
After the Rmans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Angl-Saxns wh were frm the area f Eurpe that is nw Germany and hundred years ag, the Vikings came t England frm Scandinavia. They traded with the Angl-Saxns but lived in their wn villages. , in 1066, England became Nrman — the Nrmans gave us the place name “grange”, which means
Which f the fllwing shws the crrect rder f the arrival f inhabitants in Britain?
A．The Celts –The Rmans – The Vikings –The Nrmans –The Angl Saxns
B．The Rmans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Angl Saxns–The Nrmans
C．The Celts –The Rmans –The Angl Saxns–The Vikings –The Nrmans
D．The Rmans –The Angl Saxns–The Celts –The Nrmans –The Vikings
【答案】C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的历史。
【详解】细节理解题。通读全文，根据“Tw thusand years ag, mst peple living in Britain were Celts(两千年前，生活在英国的大多数人都是凯尔特人)”；“The Rmans never reached Wales r Sctland, and many place names there are Celtic.(罗马人从未到达威尔士或苏格兰，那里的许多地名都是凯尔特人)”；“After the Rmans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Angl-Saxns wh were frm the area f Eurpe that is nw Germany and Hlland.( 罗马人离开英国后，英国遭到了来自欧洲（即现在的德国和荷兰）的盎格鲁撒克逊人部落的袭击)”；“Twelve hundred years ag, the Vikings came t England frm Scandinavia.( 1200年前，维京人从斯堪的纳维亚半岛来到英国)”以及“Finally, in 1066, England became Nrman — the Nrmans gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm.(最后，1066年，英格兰成为诺曼人——诺曼人给我们起了地名“grange”，意思是农场)”可知，英国原居民的居住先后次序为The Celts –The Rmans –The Angl Saxns–The Vikings –The Nrmans。故选C。
1. (2023年新高考I卷A篇)
Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社).The hstels in Rme ffer a bed in a drm rm fr arund $25 a night, and fr that,yu'll ften get t stay in a central lcatin(位置)with security and cmfrt.
21. What is prbably the majr cncern f travelers wh chse t stay in a hstel?
A.Cmfrt. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Lcatin.
【答案】C
【解析】第一步 题干关键词: what,cncern,stay in a hstel
第二步 原文定位点: Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社).
第三步 直接得答案: 根据pricey可知“罗马对旅行的人来说可能很昂贵”, 故选C项。
（2023年全国乙卷A篇）
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
3. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
（2023年新高考II卷）
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills — jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10 — Wildflwers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?
A. Phtgraphy Wrkshps.B. Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
【答案】1. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2) (在Artist Pint的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
卷别
年份
2023
2022
2021
新高考I卷
6
7
6
新高考II卷
6
8
9
正确选项特征
例句
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如rude替换为implite; frtnight换为tw weeks; dzen替换为twelve等。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
干扰项特征
例句
张冠李戴
为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。
偷梁换柱
在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非
与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有
符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围
以偏概全或以全概偏。
（讲义）
【复习目标】
熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解细节理解题细目表
【网络构建】
细节理解题概述
命题规律：
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。
命题方式 ：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
选项特征 ：
文章重点关注词：
转折关系：but, hwever, yet, still, n the cntrary, in fact, as a matter f fact, instead, unlike, by cntrast等。
例证关系：such as, fr example, fr instance, take sth as an example等。
因果关系：because, fr, since, as, s, thus, therefre, cnsequently, because f, due t, thanks t, as a result, result in/frm, lead t, cause等。
选项重点关注词：all, never, must, mst, merely, nly, have t, any, cmpletely, 等。
解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
知识点 一 直接信息题
典例1（2023年新高考I卷A 篇）
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
知识点 二 间接信息题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
典例1（2023年新高考I卷B篇）
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
4. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
知识点 三 数字计算题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落；
第三步：进行推算，得出答案。
解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。
典例（2023全国乙卷C篇）
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
10. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】10. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
知识点 四 细节排序题
第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；
第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；
第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；
如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。
解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
典例
A schlgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serius allergic (过敏的) reactin which stpped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Clm's heart by stamping (踩) n his chest after he fell dwn at hme and stpped breathing.
Izzy's mther, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew dctrs wuld never arrive in time t save her father, s decided t use CPR.
Hwever, she quickly discvered her arms weren't strng enugh, s she stamped n her father's chest instead.
Debbie then tk ver with sme mre cnventinal chest cmpressins (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, wh has been given a bravery award by her schl, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strng enugh t use hands. I was quite scared. The dctr said I might as well be a dctr r a nurse. My mum said that Dad was ging t hspital with a big ftprint n his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just tk ver. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children shuld be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the dctr turned up. Clm had t have mre treatment n the way t the hspital and we've gt t see an expert.”
Truck driver Clm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reactin n Saturday and was taken t hspital, but was sent hme nly fr it t happen again the next day. The secnd attack was s serius that his airway swelled, preventing him frm breathing, his bld pressure drpped suddenly, and his heart stpped fr a mment.
He has nw made a full recvery frm his suffering.
What's the right rder f the events?
①Izzy kicked Clm. ②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR. ④Clm's heart stpped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。通过速读原文可知，第一件事是Clm's heart stpped，而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Clm，故选B。
考向一 直接信息题
（2023年江苏省苏北七市二模阅读理解A篇）
Value fr mney?
Yes. It’s nt cheap but it’s a special experience that easily fills a day. Plus, it’s a valuable cause wrth supprting. Adults ￡14, children 5-17 and students ￡6.50, under-4s free, family ￡38 (tw adults and tw children) r ￡25 (ne adult and three children).
Hw much wuld a cuple with their 5-year-ld twin sns pay fr admissin?
A．￡25.B．￡34.5.C．￡38.D．￡41.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Value fr mney?部分中“family ￡38 (tw adults and tw children) r ￡25 (ne adult and three children). (家庭 38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童))”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。
【名师点睛】本题与2023年新高考I卷从题号，到考查类型均高度相似，可谓压中真题。
（2023年湖北省华北师大附中二模阅读理解C篇）
Nichla Clark, an cean expert at the Pew Charitable Trusts called the lng-awaited treaty text “a nce-in-a-generatin pprtunity t prtect the ceans-a majr win fr bidiversity”. The treaty will create a new bdy t manage the cnservatin f cean life and establish marine-prtected are-as n the high seas. Clark said that’s critical t achieving the UN Bidiversity Cnference’s recent prmise t prtect 30 percent f the planet’s waters, fr cnservatin. The treaty als establishes grund rules fr cnducting envirnmental impact assessments fr cmmercial activities in the ceans.
What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A．Cmmercial cean activities will be mnitred.
B．Preservatin f 30% f the planet will be ensured.
C．Prtected areas n the high seas will be expanded.
D．An existing department will manage the cnservatin.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据段中的“The treaty als establishes grund rules fr cnducting envirnmental impact assessments fr cmmercial activities in the ceans.(该条约还确立了对海洋商业活动进行环境影响评估的基本规则。)”可知，该条约还制定了商业海洋活动对海洋造成影响的评估规则，由此可以推断，该条约也会对商业海洋活动进行监管。故选A项。
考向二 间接信息题
（2023年上海高三专练）
In many cuntries f the wrld, peple can cnfidently tell yu the meaning f their twn r city, but mst peple wh live in Manchester, Oxfrd r Birmingham wuld nt be able t explain what the name f their city means.
The name f every British twn and city, hwever, has a lng histry. Tw thusand years ag, mst peple living in Britain were is why there are s many place names in England which end in “-chester” r “-caster” –Manchester, fr example. Rmans never reached Wales r Sctland, and many place names there are
After the Rmans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Angl-Saxns wh were frm the area f Eurpe that is nw Germany and hundred years ag, the Vikings came t England frm Scandinavia. They traded with the Angl-Saxns but lived in their wn villages. , in 1066, England became Nrman — the Nrmans gave us the place name “grange”, which means
Which f the fllwing shws the crrect rder f the arrival f inhabitants in Britain?
A．The Celts –The Rmans – The Vikings –The Nrmans –The Angl Saxns
B．The Rmans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Angl Saxns–The Nrmans
C．The Celts –The Rmans –The Angl Saxns–The Vikings –The Nrmans
D．The Rmans –The Angl Saxns–The Celts –The Nrmans –The Vikings
【答案】C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的历史。
【详解】细节理解题。通读全文，根据“Tw thusand years ag, mst peple living in Britain were Celts(两千年前，生活在英国的大多数人都是凯尔特人)”；“The Rmans never reached Wales r Sctland, and many place names there are Celtic.(罗马人从未到达威尔士或苏格兰，那里的许多地名都是凯尔特人)”；“After the Rmans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Angl-Saxns wh were frm the area f Eurpe that is nw Germany and Hlland.( 罗马人离开英国后，英国遭到了来自欧洲（即现在的德国和荷兰）的盎格鲁撒克逊人部落的袭击)”；“Twelve hundred years ag, the Vikings came t England frm Scandinavia.( 1200年前，维京人从斯堪的纳维亚半岛来到英国)”以及“Finally, in 1066, England became Nrman — the Nrmans gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm.(最后，1066年，英格兰成为诺曼人——诺曼人给我们起了地名“grange”，意思是农场)”可知，英国原居民的居住先后次序为The Celts –The Rmans –The Angl Saxns–The Vikings –The Nrmans。故选C。
1. (2023年新高考I卷A篇)
Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社).The hstels in Rme ffer a bed in a drm rm fr arund $25 a night, and fr that,yu'll ften get t stay in a central lcatin(位置)with security and cmfrt.
21. What is prbably the majr cncern f travelers wh chse t stay in a hstel?
A.Cmfrt. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Lcatin.
【答案】C
【解析】第一步 题干关键词: what,cncern,stay in a hstel
第二步 原文定位点: Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社).
第三步 直接得答案: 根据pricey可知“罗马对旅行的人来说可能很昂贵”, 故选C项。
（2023年全国乙卷A篇）
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
3. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
（2023年新高考II卷）
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills — jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10 — Wildflwers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?
A. Phtgraphy Wrkshps.B. Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
【答案】1. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2) (在Artist Pint的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
卷别
年份
2023
2022
2021
新高考I卷
6
7
6
新高考II卷
6
8
9
正确选项特征
例句
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如rude替换为implite; frtnight换为tw weeks; dzen替换为twelve等。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
干扰项特征
例句
张冠李戴
为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。
偷梁换柱
在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非
与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有
符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围
以偏概全或以全概偏。
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