【同步讲义】人教版英语七年级上册-Unit 2 Grammar and Writing 讲义
展开Unit 2 Grammar and Writing
语法 | 1.指示代词 this、these、that和those 2.who引导的特殊疑问句 |
写作 | 如何介绍自己的家庭 |
知识点01 指示代词 this、these、that和those
指示代词定义 含有指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
用法this,that,these和those 都可作指示代词,分别表示“这个”“那个”“这些”和“那些”,在句子中可作主语、定语等成分。
1.指示代词是表示“这个;那个;这些;那些”的代词。其中,this(这个)和these(这些)指离说话人较近的人或事物;that(那个)和those(那些)指离说话人较远的人或事物。
This is a pear and that is an apple.这是一个梨,那是一个苹果。
2.指示代词this,that作主语时,be动词用单数形式is,同时后面的名词用单数形式;当these,those作主语时,be动词用复数形式are,同时后面的名词用复数形式。
【即学即练1】
That my aunt. These our bikes.
解析:
用主谓一致法解题。that为单数,其后be动词用单数形式is;these为复数,其后be动词用复数形式are.
3回答主语是this或that的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,在答语中用it代替 this或 that.如问句的主语是these或those,则答语中用they
【即学即练2】
-Is that your ruler?
-Yes,
答案 it is
解析:主语是that的一般疑问句,回答时主语用it代替,且 it is不可缩写。
注意:
1.在介绍某人时,用this/that,而不用he/she.
2.打电话时,用This is..表示“我是······”;用Who's that?询问“你是谁?”;询问“你是······吗?”用
“Is that...?”。
-This is Tom.Who's that?我是汤姆。你是谁?
-This is Mary.我是玛丽。
4在将单数句子变为复数句子时,要注意下列问题:
(一)四变
1.指示代词:this变为these;that变为those.
2.人称代词:I变为we;you不变;he/she/it变为they.
3.be动词:am/is变为are.
4.名词:可数名词单数变为复数。
(二)一去:名词前的不定冠词a/an去掉。
(三)一不变:原句中的形容词、副词、介词(短语)、定冠词the等不变。
This is an English book.这是一本英语书。→These are English books.这些是英语书。
I am the tall girl.我就是那个高个子女孩儿。We are the tall girls.我们就是那些高个子女孩儿。
知识点02 who 引导的特殊疑问句
who用作疑问代词,常在句首引导特殊疑问句,用于提问人,可用作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
Who can dance?(作主语)谁会跳舞?
主语谓语
Who does he love?(作宾语)他喜欢谁?
宾语 主语 谓语
【即学即练3】
- will you ask for help when you are in trouble(麻烦)?
-My parents,I think.
A.Who B.What C.Where D.When
答案A
who作主语时谓语动词通常用单数。
【即学即练4】
Who in the classroom?
A.am B.is C.are D.be
答案:B
解析:
用主谓一致法解题。who作主语,故谓语动词用单数。
知识点03 名词复数
英语中,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词没有复数形式;可数名词在表示多个人或物时用复数形式。
重点&易错
可数名词的复数形式一般是在词尾添加-s或-es.其构成规则如下:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s.
e.g.map→maps
2.以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-es.
e.g.bus→buses,box→boxes
3.以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的名词,变-y为-i,再加-es.
e.g.family→families
4.以-f,-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v再加-es.
e.g.thief→thieves,wife→wives
5.以-0结尾的名词,有生命的直接在词尾加-es.
e.g.tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes
无生命的在词尾加-s.
e.g.photo→photos
【即学即练5】
Annie takes a lot of(许多) with her mobile phone when she visits the Great Wall.
A.photo B.photoes C.photos
解析:photo是可数名词,由空格前的a lot of可知要填其复数形式。photo的复数形式是photos.
特殊名词变复数口诀:
(1)在以-f,-fe结尾的名词中,将-f和-fe变为-v再加-es时需记这样一句话:一个小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用树叶(leaf)做的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼(wolf),把它劈成两半(half),挂在架子(shelf)上。
(2)在以-o结尾的名词中加-es的:有生命的加es,无生命的加s
(3)在表示某国人的单词中,中(Chinese)日(Japanese)不变,英法变,其余-s加后面。
2 在含有be动词的一般现在时的句子中,可数名词复数作主语时,be 动词用are.
The girl's parents are from Hong Kong.这个女孩的父母来自香港。
Unit 2
【即学即练6】
-Do you enjoy the songs sung by him?
-Of course.My parents and I his fans.
A.am B.are C.is D.be
解析:句意为“-你喜欢他唱的歌吗?-当然。我的父母和我是他的粉丝”。主语My parents and I是复数,
故be动词用are.
知识点04 人称代词的顺序
并列单数人称代词作主语,其顺序为“231”,即:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称;并列复数人称代词作主语,其顺序为“123”,即:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称。
You,he and I are friends.你、他和我是朋友。
We,you and they are from China. We
are all Chinese.我们、你们和他们来自中国。我们都是中国人。
人称代词用法口诀
人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。
主格动词前作主,动词介词后宾格。
you和计主宾同,其他主宾须分清。
人称代词并列现,考虑顺序莫怠慢;
单数人称231,复数人称123.
考法01 单元写作话题:如何介绍自己的家庭
【典例1】
假设你是李华,你有一个美国的微信好友Jack.Jack想了解一下你的家庭情况。你给Jack发了一张你的家庭照,里面有你的爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、妹妹和你。现在请你结合照片,用英文向Jack介绍一下你的家庭及家庭成员。
要求:
1.照片中的人物都要介绍,可适当发挥;
2.不少于50词。文章的开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Hi,Jack! This is
审题指导(把握中心,得方向分)
1.本文的写作重点是根据照片介绍家庭成员。
2.注意介绍的先后顺序。
3.要选择使用不同的句式,要注意倒装句中be动词的选择。
4.时态要用一般现在时,人称要用第人称和第三人称。
写作方法(学会方法,巧得高分)
“三步法”介绍照片中的家庭成员
第一步:总体介绍是什么照片。
第二步:分别介绍家庭成员。
第三步:表达情感。
写作模板(学会套路,得基本分)
总体介绍
1.Here is a photo of .../This is a picture of...
2.There are...people in my family.
分别介绍
1.This is my.../That is my.../Those are my.../These are my...
2.The man is my.../The beautiful woman is my../My grandparents are old but healthy.
表达情感
I love my family.
经典词句(妙用句式,得出彩分)
单词photo,these,parents,grandfather,grandmother,girl,sister,brother,uncle,aunt,cousin,they,love
短语a photo of, the little boy,in the photo
句子Here is a photo of...These/Those are my...Can you see...?Who is...?The tall man is...
I love my family.
范文赏析(书写工整,得印象分)
Hi,Jack! Here is a photo of my family. These are my grandparents.Those are my parents. The tall man is my father and the beautiful woman is name is Li Li. Can you see that boy?He is my brother.His name's Li Lei. Who is the little boy? Haha, it's me.You see,
I have a happy family.I love my family.
名师点评
本文运用了“三步法”介绍照片中的家庭成员。
一、首先,用“Here is a photo of my family.”引出话题;接下来,一一个绍了家庭成员,包括了照片
中的所有人;最后,用“You see,I have a happy my mother. This girl is my sister. Her family.I love my family.”来表达情感。
二、本文结构严谨,条理清楚,情感真挚。
三、倒装句Here is..,问句 Can you see.?和Who is?的使用使得表达方式丰富,增强了语感;指示代词these/those/this/that的使用使得人物介绍清楚明确,行文流畅。
题组A 基础过关练
一、单项选择
1.________ is not my sister. She’s my cousin.
A.This B.These C.Those
2.This ________ a cup and these ________ maps.
A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
3.—What ________ those?
—They are my books.
A.are B.am C.is
4.Can you see the boys over there? ________ are my brothers. Let’s go and say hello to them.
A.This B.Those C.That D.These
5.—What’s this?
—________ is an English book.
A.It B.That C.This D.These
6.________ is an English book and ________ is a Chinese book.
A.This; that B.that; this C.this; it D.it; that
7.________ is his sister and ________ are his parents.
A.This, that B.That, this C.This, those D.These, those
8.________ she? She is Tom’s sister.
A.Whose B.Who’s C.Where’s D.How’s
9.—What are these?
—________.
A.These are books B.It’s a book C.They are pens D.Those are pens
10.—Is this your CD?
— No, ________ isn’t. ________ Mike’s CD.
A.that; It’s B.it; It’s C.It; It’s D.That; It
二、完成句子
1.那不是我的尺子。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
________ ________ my ruler.
2.这是我的姐姐。(根据汉语意思完成句子)
________ ________ my sister.
3.这是我的姐姐。
________ ________ my sister.
4.比尔,他们是谁?
________ ________, Bill?
5.这两个女孩是我的表妹。
_______ two _______ are my cousins.
6.那是戴尔的爷爷奶奶吗?
_______ _______ Dale’s grandparents?
7.这些是我的玩具。
_______ _______ my toys.
8.那是我的家人。
_______ my _______.
9.这是我的表弟艾伦。那是我的朋友们。
________ is my ________, Alan. ________ are my friends.
10.谁是她的姑姑?
_________ her__________ ?
题组B 能力提升练
一、完形填空
Hello! I ___1___ Jim Smith. I’m ___2___ English boy. Here is a photo of my ___3___. This is ___4___ father John Smith. And that is Emma Smith. ___5___ is my mother. Are ___6___ my brothers? Yes, they are. Those ___7___ my grandparents. They’re very kind(和蔼的). ___8___ are the boy and the girl? The boy is me ___9___ the girl is my ____10____ Jane. I love my family.
1.A.am B.is C.are D.be
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.friend B.family C.teacher D.brother
4.A.my B.his C.her D.its
5.A.He B.It C.She D.I
6.A.this B.that C.the D.these
7.A.is B.are C.am D.be
8.A.What B.Where C.How D.Who
9.A.and B.but C.so D.of
10.A.mother B.sister C.brother D.grandmother
二、阅读理解
My name is Lily. This is my family tree. These are my parents. Their names are Bob and Sally. Those are my grandparents. This is my uncle. His name is John. That boy is my brother. His name is Frank. This is Helen. She is my cousin.
1.Lily’s brother is ________.
A.Bob B.John C.Frank D.Helen
2.Bob is John’s ________.
A.uncle B.brother C.parent D.father
3.Sally is Helen’s ________.
A.mother B.grandmother C.aunt D.sister
4.John is Frank’s ________.
A.brother B.uncle C.father D.cousin
5.Frank and Lily are Helen’s ________.
A.brothers B.uncles C.friends D.cousins
三、补全对话5选5
从方框中选择正确的句子补全对话
Mary: Look at this picture, Tom.
Tom: Is it a picture of your family?
Mary: Yes, it is.
Tom: Oh, you have a big family. Who’s this?
Mary: ___1___
Tom: Is this man your uncle?
Mary: ___2___
Tom: What’s his name?
Mary: ___3___
Tom: Who’s this woman? Is she your aunt?
Mary: ___4___
Tom: Who are those three children(孩子)?
Mary: ___5___
A.Yes, she is my father’s sister.
B.They are my sister, brother and I.
C.Yes, he is.
D.He’s my grandpa and the old woman is my grandma.
E.His name is Jeff.
题组C 培优拔尖练
一、句型转换
按要求完成下列句子。
1.It is my_pencil_box.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________it?
2.Is that Kate's schoolbag?(作否定回答)
No,________ ________.
3.Are those her pencils?(改为同义句)
Are those________ ________?
4.That isn't your ring.(改为同义句)
That ring________ ________.
5.Please call Mike.His phone number is 5668998.(合并为一句)
Please ________Mike ________5668998.
二、多句选词填空
用this,that,these,those填空
1.—Who is __________?
—__________ is Mike speaking.
2.__________ are my books. They are cheap. They are over there. __________ are yours. They are thinner. They are here.
3.—Who is __________?—That is Miss Liu.
4.—Who's that speaking?—__________ is Mr Liu.
5.Dad,__________ is Tom. Tom,__________ is my dad
6.—Is __________ Kate speaking?
—Yes,__________ is Kate speaking.
7.—Look at __________ pictures,Lucy. They are pretty.
—Where?I can't see them
—They are over there.
三、书面表达
假如你是李娟,下面这张照片是你的全家福。请根据这张全家福,向来自美国的新同学戴夫(Dave)介绍一下你的家庭。
要求:1.句子通顺,语意连贯,要点齐全,可适当发挥,条理及段落清晰,字迹工整,大方。
2.不能用自己的真实姓名和班级。
3.不少于80词。
Dear Dave,
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