高考英语二轮题海特训营3阅读理解细节理解三（含答案）

阅读理解-细节理解三

1、    As the Earth warms from the increase of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere, the oceans that cover 70 percent of its surface are warming too. This warming will likely benefit some sea species at the expense of others.

    A study in the May 20 issue of the journal Nature confirmed that there has been a warming trend in the world’s oceans since 1993, as the waters have absorbed much of the extra energy in the planet’s atmosphere.

    The warming that has already occurred, and is expected to continue in the coming decades, will likely spell bad news for many ocean species, such as corals and species that live in the cold waters of the planet’s poles. But some creatures beneath the ocean surface might actually have an advantage in the newly wanned waters.

    A 2008 study, for example, said that a warming of just a few degrees Fahrenheit in Antarctic waters could make them suitable to sharks,which haven’t lived in the area for about 40 million years. It’s easier for sharks to keep their high metabolism in warmer waters. If sharks do move into the area,they could cause damage to the existing ecosystems of the oceans around Antarctica.

    A study of starfish found these typical ocean creatures grew faster in water at warmer temperatures and higher carbon dioxide levels ( another result of all the extra greenhouse gas in the atmosphere) than at normal conditions—which is bad news for the shellfishes they live on.

    Work by Jeremy Jackson, a professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego, suggests that ocean warming—along with other threats such as overfishing and habitat destruction—could change once complex ocean ecosystems into ones that favor simpler species, such as microbes, toxic algal blooms and jellyfishes.

1.How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A.By giving examples.
B.By analyzing causes.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By making classifications.
2.What can we know about sharks from the fourth paragraph?
A.They are native to Antarctic waters.
B.They do harm to the whole ecosystem.
C.They’re adaptable to warmer water conditions.
D.They threaten simpler species in Antarctic waters.
3.What will ocean warming likely bring about?
A.Promoting the growth of starfish.
B.An ecosystem of smaller creatures.
C.Different food sources for sea creatures.
D.Damaging living places of deep-sea species.
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To explain why ocean warming benefit some species.
B.To introduce how creatures survive in warmer oceans.
C.To clarify some misunderstandings about ocean warming.
D.To show which creatures will benefit from warmer oceans.

2、    Steven Weinberger is the director of linguistics in the English Department at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. He says students in his beginning phonetics class are mostly interested in teaching English as a second language. They wanted to study how non-native speakers pronounce different sounds.

    "So we sent the students out to record non-native speakers, and we compared those speakers to each other and to native speakers of English,” said Steven Weinberger.

    Professor Weinberger wrote a paragraph for all of the speakers to read. The paragraph uses common words but contains almost all of the sounds used in English. Here is that sixty-nine-word paragraph:

    “Please call Stella. Ask her to bring these things with her from the store: Six spoons of fresh snow peas, five thick slabs of blue cheese, and maybe a snack for her brother Bob. We also need a small plastic snake and a big toy frog for the kids. She can scoop these things into three red bags, and we will go meet her Wednesday at the train station.”

    In 1999, Professor Weinberger put the recordings online. The Speech Accent Archive is for anyone who wants to compare and analyze the accents of different English speakers.

    Some people think the archive would be better if it included natural speech-people talking freely, not just reading the same words. Professor Weinberger recognizes the strengths and weaknesses of his site.

    Professor Weinberger says the site gets a million visits a month and would like more people to send in theirown samples of the sixty-nine-word paragraph.

    Steven Weinberger said, ‘‘Right now we only have samples from about 350 languages, including English. You know, there are 6, 000 languages in the world today, so we need lots more. That’s why the archive work will never be finished.

1.Why did Professor Weinberger let his students record non-native speakers?
A.Most of his students are interested in phonetics.
B.The pronunciation from non-native speakers sounds strange.
C.They were gathering materials for the Speech Accent Archive.
D.They wanted to know how non-native speakers pronounce different sounds.
2.The Speech Accent Archive is intended for ______.
A.all the students in Weinberger’s beginning phonetics class
B.whoever wants to study the accents of different English speakers
C.the teachers of linguistics in the English Department at George Mason University
D.raising money by the rate of clicking the website
3.The reason why Professor Weinberger chose the words in Para.4 for all of the speakers to read is that _______.
A.the words in this paragraph are very easy to read
B.people are familiar with the activities included in this paragraph
C.most of the speakers are interested in the information shown in this paragraph
D.the words are common and almost all of the sounds used in English are contained
4.In which part of a website may the passage appear?
A.Entertainment.
B.Advertisement.
C.Life.
D.Education.

3、Grandparents Answer a Call

    As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. 
    No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family. 
     “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .“We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
    Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

1.Why was Garza’s move a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
3.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A.They were unsure of raise more children.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They bad little respect for their grandparent.
4.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A.Make decisions in the best interests' of their own
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children
D.Get to know themselves better

4、    Spending money on time-saving services reduces stress and boosts (增进) happiness, according to a new research, but shockingly, few of us do it.

   Whillans, a professor at HBS said, “Buying time helps to protect us from the stress in our lives caused by time pressure, and the feeling that we don’ t have enough minutes in the day to complete our tasks.’’

    The effect was clearest in the Canadian experiment, in which 60 working adults were given $40 to spend in two different ways. One weekend, they were told to spend the money on a material purchase—a gift for themselves. The next weekend, they were instructed to spend the $40 on anything that saved them time, from paying the neighbor’s kid to run errands (跑腿) to taking a Uber instead of a bus.

    “On the day they made the time-saving purchase, they felt happier, in a better mood, and lower feelings of time stress than on the day they bought a material purchase” said Whillans.

    The biggest surprise to the researchers was how few people would spend money on time-saving services. When they asked 98 working adults how they would spend a “windfall” of $40, only two percent named a purchase that would save them time.

    “One reason,’’ said Whillans, “is that we’re very bad at remembering how much we hate doing certain tasks once the suffering has passed. That makes us less likely to take active steps to avoid that over burdened feeling in the future.” But another possible cause is good old-fashioned guilt. “If you feel guilty about getting someone to clean your house for you, then you might get less happiness from outsourcing that task,” said Whillans, or you might just be less likely to spend your money in that way. ’’

1.In the Canadian experiment, the participants__________.
A.were divided into two groups
B.were given $ 40 every two weeks
C.were asked to give money to a neighbor’s kid
D.were asked to spend the money in different ways
2.According to the author, what can make people less time-stressed?
A.Paying much for a concert ticket.
B.Taking a regular bus to get to work.
C.Employing someone to clean the garden.
D.Buying themselves an expensive present.
3.When it comes to spending money on ‘‘buying time”, _________.
A.no people would like to do it
B.a small percentage of people choose to do it
C.more people will do it if extra money is given
D.most people like the idea but don’t practice it in life
4.What do the underlined words “that overburdened feeling” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A.The good old-fashioned guilt.
B.The feeling of spending money on goods.
C.The stress of having someone clean your house.
D.The discomfort when completing tasks we hate doing.

5、    Nowadays,parents worry a lot because their children spend hours and hours in front of the TV screen.Because this doesn’t happen to only one specific family,many experts warn us that there can be some serious effects of children watching violence (暴力)on television.

    Children who become addicted(上瘾的) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home.Although they have lots of homework,they become absorbed in TV programs.

    Since they spend tons of time watching TV,they have less time to enjoy real life activities such as playing with friends,playing outdoor sports,or enjoying other kinds of entertainment.

    There are too many violent scenes on TV.Some experts say there are 25 acts of violence per hour on TV.In addition,there are many experiments by psychologists which show how TV violence influences children.Finally,people worry that children tend to imitate what they watch on TV and may start to behave more violently.

    What should be done? First of all,the government should regulate TV violence.It should also encourage people to invent and develop new technology which can block violent scenes from the programs children watch.For example,with a rating system(分级制度) and the V-chip,unfit scenes of violence and sex can be blocked out.Second,parents should monitor what their children watch.At the same time,they should make their children interested in real life activities.Then when the children start to spend more time playing with friends or reading books,parents can stop their monitoring.

    It is a fact that there is more violence on TV today than there was ten years ago.Moreover,violent incidents occur more frequently in real life.It’s time to realize how harmful watching TV violence is,and it’s time to keep our children from watching violence.

1.What experts really worry is that _____.
A.children spend too much time watching TV
B.TV violence has a bad influence on children
C.children become addicted to TV programs
D.children have less time to do their homework
2.The author explain how the government should control TV violence by _______.
A.giving an example
B.giving a definition
C.making a comparison
D.presenting research findings
3.What does the underlined word “imitate” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A.Explain.
B.Copy.
C.Ignore.
D.Avoid.
4.What is the author’s purpose for writing this text?
A.To express his own worries about TV violence.
B.To ask parents to take good care of their children.
C.To inform readers of the latest situation about TV violence.
D.To call on the whole society to save children from violence.

6、    How much weight a baby gains during its first month could determine its IQ, as a new research suggests. The study found that children who gain more weight, and whose heads grow quickly during the first month of life, tend to have a higher IQ when they start school.

    Researchers at the University of Adelaide, in Australia studied 13,800 children who were born at full-term. They found that those who put on 40% of their birth weight in the first four weeks had an IQ 1.5 points higher than those who only put on 15% of their birth weight. Those who experienced the biggest growth in head circumference (头围) also had the highest IQs by the age of six.

    “Head circumference is an indicator of brain volume, so a greater increase in head circumference in a newly-born baby suggests more rapid brain growth,” says the led author of the study, Dr. Lisa Smithers.

    She added, “Overall, newly-born children who grew faster in the first four weeks had higher IQ scores later in life. Those children who gained the most weight scored especially high on verbal (言语) IQ at age 6. This may be because the neural (神经的) structures for verbal IQ develop earlier in life, which means the rapid weight gain during the first month could be having a direct cognitive benefit for the children.”

    Previous studies have shown the association between early postnatal (产后的) diet and IQ, but this is the first study of its kind to focus on the IQ benefits of rapid weight gain in the first month of life. Dr. Smithers says the study further highlights the need for successful feeding of newly-born babies. “We know that many mothers have difficulty establishing breastfeeding in the first week of their babies’ life,” Dr. Smithers said.

    “The findings of our study suggest that if babies are having feeding problems, there needs to be early intervention (干预) in the management of that feeding.”

1.The study mainly shows that ________
A.head circumference is certainly connected to IQ.
B.babies’ heads grow quickly during the first month.
C.full-term babies tend to be cleverer than premature babies. (早产儿)
D.the more weight newly-born babies gain, the higher IQ they are likely to have.
2.How did the researchers get their conclusion from the study?
A.By asking questions.
B.By making comparison.
C.By having a discussion.
D.By referring to documents.
3.According to Dr. Lisa Smithers, we can learn that ________
A.a kid’s verbal IQ scores reach its highest at age six.
B.this study helps parents find feeding problems.
C.quick weight gain benefits newly born babies on verbal IQ.
D.this study reminds parents of the need for breastfeeding.
4.The study differs from previous ones that _________
A.it associates early postnatal diet with IQ.
B.it pays attention to the IQ of newly-born babies.
C.it emphasizes the significance of successful feeding.
D.it first focuses on the relation between IQ and weight gain in the first month of life.

答案以及解析

1答案及解析：

答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段的内容,尤其是“But”的转折可知, 本段主要是通过对比海洋变暖对哪些生物有利,对哪些生物有害来行文的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的make them suitable to sharks以及 It’s easier for sharks to keep their high metabolism in warmer waters可知,鲨鱼能够适应温度更高的环境中的生活.故选C.
3.细节理解题. 根据第五段可知,海星在水温比较高的水域会生长得更快,即海洋变暖会促进海星的生长,故选A. 误解分析:不能误选B项。根据最后一段可知,诸多因素会将复杂的生态系统变为适应简单生物的一些生态系统。这些因素中不只是气候变暖.
4.写作意图题. 纵观全文可知,作者写作本文主要是为了告诉我们哪些生物能在海洋变暖中继续发展,即从中获益。故选D。

2答案及解析：

答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“They wanted to study how nonnative speakers pronounce different sounds.” 以及第二段的 So... 可知,之所以Weinberger教授让他的学生们给非母语人士录音是因为这些学生想要研究非母语人士如何发音故D项符合题意。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段可知,这份语言口音档案提供给任何想对不同英语朗读者的口音做比较和分析的人士使用。故B项符合题意。
3.细节理解题根据第三段的“ The paragraph uses common words but contains almost all of the sounds used in English. ” 可知,D项是正确的。
4.推理判断题。因为本文是一所大学的英语系教授因学生们想要研究非母语人士如何发音,所以在网上建立了一个口音各异的英语录音档案因此可推知,该篇文章是关于教育的,故D项符合题意。

3答案及解析：

答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A

解析：1.本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择,不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式。
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.”可知,Garza搬到离子女家近的地方居住,使他们的家庭关系更加紧密。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family. ”可知,越来越多的人会仿照Obama —家的做法: 老人搬到离子女近的地方居住。因此,公众认为这将会是一种趋势,D项符合文意。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段首句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own…”可知,在20世纪60年代,人们希望自己离开家以此来证明自己的独立。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Moving is not for everyone.”可知,搬家并不适合每一个人。因此,作者建议人们在做出搬家的决定之前要反复权衡,做出对自己有利的选择。故选A项。

考点:社会生活类短文阅读。
【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题,是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息,上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。最后一题题中则根据it is wiser to say no推断出作者的立场。

4答案及解析：

答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D

解析：1.细节理解题:根据The effect was clearest in the Canadian experiment,in which 60 working adults were given $40 to spend in two different ways.可知,在加拿大的这个实验中,参加实验的人被要求用不同的方式花钱.故选D.
2.细节理解题. 根据 On the day they made the time-saving purchase, they felt happier, in a better mood, and lower feelings of time stress than on the day they bought a material purchase可知,花钱雇用别人打扫花园的人时间压力更少些。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据 The biggest surprise to the researchers was how few people would spend money on time-saving services.可知选B。
4.词义猜测题。根据“One reason,” said Whillans,“ is that we’re very bad at remembering how much we hate doing certain tasks once the suffering has passed. That makes us less likely to take active steps to avoid that overburdened feeling in the future. ” 可知选D.

5答案及解析：

答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D

解析：1.细节推断题。由第一段最后一句话“many experts warn us that there can be some serious effects of children watching violence on television.”我们可知专家们担心的是电视暴力会对儿童有不好的影响;故选B。
2.细节考查题。由第5段“ For example, with a rating system(分级制度) and the V-chip, unfit scenes of violence ”我们可以发现,作者在介绍政府应如何管理电视暴力时,采用的是举例子;故选A。
3.细节推断题。由第四段最后一句话“Finally, people worry that children tend to imitate what they watch on TV and may start to behave more violently.”我们可知,儿童看电视可能会开始变得更加暴力,因此我们可以推断,儿童看到电视暴力,往往会模仿、“复制”电视上的暴力行为;故选B。
4.整体理解题。由第五段我们可知,作者给政府和父母制止电视暴力作出了建议,以及在最后一段,作者呼吁大家、呼吁整个社会一起保护儿童,远离暴力;故选D。

6答案及解析：

答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D

解析：1.细节理解题根据第一段中的The study found that children who gain more weight, and whose heads grow quickly during the first month of life, tend to have a higher IQ when they start school.可知选 D。
2.细节理解题根据第二段中的They found that those who put on 40% of their birth weight in the first four weeks had an IQ 1.5 points higher than those who only put on 15% of their birth weight.可知,研究人员通过对比研究结果得出结论。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的She added,“ Overall,newly-born children who grew faster in the first four weeks had higher IQ scores later in life. Those children who gained the most weight scored especially high on the verbal IQ at age 6.可知,Lisa Smithers博士认为新生儿在前四周体重增加越多,对孩子语言发展越有利。故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Previous studies have shown the association between early postnatal (产后的) diet and the IQ, but this is the first study of its kind to focus on the IQ benefits of rapid weight gain in the first month of life.可知,这次试验首次重点关注新生儿第一个月内体重增加对孩子智商的益处,故选D。