【题型专项】人教版英语九年级全册 题型专项复习——阅读理解（猜测词义题） 学案（含答案）

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题型专项复习——阅读理解（猜测词义题）

【Get ready before class】

考查内容估计

英语阅读理解中，经常出现一定数量的生词，并且每年中考总会有猜测词义的题目，其特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的意思进行猜测。这充分体现了《新课程标准》和《考试说明》的要求，目的在于考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语含义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。

提问方式

只要了解了此类题的提问方式、掌握解题技巧，进行有准备之战，词义猜测题并不会构成太大的阻碍。词义猜测题常用的提问方式有下面几种，请翻译成汉语。

1. The underlined word “…” refers to (指的是)/means____________.

翻译：___________________________

2. According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests (暗示) _____________.

翻译：___________________________

3. The expression “…” is closest to ________________.

翻译：___________________________

曾经就有人用“成也阅读，败也阅读”来形容中考阅读，相信同学们也深有体会！那你们是否想过要拿下它？今天机会来了！我们将从各个技巧分析，帮助同学们打个翻身仗！

一、解题技巧分析与演练

1. 定义法

一般指通过理解分析定义、定语（从句）来确定词义，常见的谓语动词有be，be called, be considered, deal with, mean, refer to, that is, to be等。

例：2014年四川卷

Sometimes Westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal. He might want you to “go Dutch”, which means each person pays his own bill.

（  ）The underlined part “go Dutch” means “_______” in Chinese.

A. 去荷兰   B. 去Dutch这家餐厅   C. 实行AA制     D. 请客

2. 复述推测法

根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围。在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。常有or, that is to say, in other words(换句话说), Namely (也就是)等。

例：2014年山东泰安卷

Harish Chaturvedi, a lawyer, teaches people water yoga for free – even the poor people can learn from him.

（  ）The underlined phrase “for free” in the passage means “__________”.

A.快乐地   B.自由地   C.免费地   D.规律地

3. 相似法

根据同义、近义、并列等关系猜测词义。通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且前后两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。

例：2014年浙江杭州卷

I became a laughter yoga (瑜伽) teacher more than two years ago. Before that, I was a dentist! My job was very difficult, and I used to feel fed up. Now I still improve people’s health, but everything else is completely different. Everyone has fun in a laughter yoga class, including the teacher!

（  ）The underlined part “fed up” is closest in meaning to__________.

A. interested       B. satisfied       C. disappointed      D. bored

4. 转折、因果关系法

在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成转折或因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。在表示对比转折关系时，通常会用这样一些信号词：although, but, compared to（与……相比）, even though（虽然，尽管）, however, in spite of（尽管、不管）, instead of（而不是）, rather than（宁可……也不愿）, though, while, yet等。根据因果关系猜测词义，从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因的信号词有：because, as, since, for, so, as a result, of course, therefore等。

例：2014年重庆卷

Rachel Carson’s most famous book, Silent Spring, came out in 1962. In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well. Finally, in November 1969, the United States government decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years.

（  ）The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably “_________” .

A. 增加        B. 减少     C. 维持      D. 翻番

5. 根据上下文语境猜测词义

一个单词或词组的确切含义与其所处的上下文及语境联系密切，所以我们可以借助上下文语境进行合乎逻辑的推测。

例：2014年河南卷

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, most American students went to a one-room schoolhouse. A single teacher would typically (典型地) have students in the first through eighth grades, and she taught them all. The number of students varied from six to 40 or more. The youngest children sat in the front, while the oldest students sat in the back.

（  ）What does the word “varied” in the Paragraph Two mean in Chinese?

A．变化   B．排列  C．调整   D．减少

二、实战演练

What will happen if you are invited to an American family for dinner? You may not be sure about what to do. Should you take a gift? How should you dress? What time should you arrive? What should you do when you get there? Glad you asked. When you are the guest, you should just make yourself at home.

The question of whether (是否) or not to bring a gift often make guests (客人) worried. Giving your host a gift is not just a social practice in some cultures—it’s expected. But in American culture, a guest is not always to bring a gift. Of course, some people do bring some small gifts to their hosts (主人). Usually, the gifts might be flowers, candy or –if the family has small children—toys. If you choose not to bring a gift, don’t worry. No one will even know that.

Most Americans agree that good home cooking beats restaurant food. When invited for a meal, you might ask, “Can I bring anything?” The host will probably say, “No, just yourself.” For most important dinners, you should wear comfortable clothes. Plan to arrive on time. If you can’t, you should give the host a call. During the dinner conversation, it’s the custom (习俗) to praise the hostess for the wonderful meal. Of course, the biggest praise is to eat lots of food.

(  ) 1. You may find it _______ to decide what to do if you are invited to dinner.

A. difficult       B. interesting         C. meaningless

(  ) 2. In some cultures, it’s necessary to _______.

A. arrive late         B. bring a gift        C. buy toys

(  ) 3. Most Americans think good home cooking is _______ than restaurant food.

A. cheaper           B. easier          C. better

(  ) 4. The underlined word “praise” means _______.

A. 称赞             B. 通知         C. 回复

(  ) 5. From the passage, we know that _______.

A. you can’t wear comfortable clothes to important dinners

B. you should be worried when you are invited to dinner     

C. the hosts will be happy if you eat a lot

【Enjoy the class】

Activity1：走进中考

自己先独立完成后小组讨论

Ben goes to a flight school and asks to have helicopter flying lessons.

The owner agrees and asks an instructor to show him how to fly the helicopter. After a couple of hours, the instructor says, “ OK，you can go now. Have fun!”

So Ben starts up the motor and takes off. He goes up to about 500 meters and then radios in. “I’m doing great! I love it! Lots of beautiful sights.”  

At about 1,000 meters, Ben radios in again. “This is easy!” Then the instructor watches as he climbs over 15,000 meters. And now she’s beginning to worry because Ben hasn’t radioed in. A few minutes later, the instructor watches with fear as Ben crashes (飞机失事) about half a kilometer away. The instructor runs over and pulls Ben from the wreckage (残骸) . “What happened!” the instructor asks.

“I don’t know.”Ben replies. “Everything was going fine, but as I got higher, I was starting to get cold, so I turned off the big fan thing and then…”

(  ) 1. Ben takes his helicopter flying lessons __________.

A. at home          B. at a radio station         C. at a flight school

(  ) 2. The underlined part “radios in” is closest in meaning to“__________”.

A. communicates with someone by radio   B. puts the radio inside     C. turns on the radio

(  ) 3. At a height of about __________ meters, the instructor is starting to worry about Ben.

A.500             B.1,000            C.1,500

(  ) 4. According to the passage, we know that Ben __________ 

A. was killed in the crash about half a kilometer away

B. was doing fine with the flying at different heights

C. was feeling cold on the helicopter before the crash

(  ) 5. The possible reason for the crash is that Ben __________.

A. shut off the big fan thing on the helicopter

B. refused to talk with the instructor

C. kept radioing in on the helicopter

Activity2：中考预测训练

When I was about 12, I had an enemy (敌人), a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to stand her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.

He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”

I did as he told me. To my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t change. But a good number I could. And suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a fairly clear picture of myself.

I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. “That's just for you,” he said. “You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be helpful to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”

Dad’s advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I’ve never had a better piece of advice.

(  ) 1. The word “shortcomings” in the first paragraph means __________.

A. 习惯           B. 错误                   C. 缺点

(  ) 2. What did the writer’s father do after he heard her complaints?

A. He agreed with her “enemy”.

B. He told her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said.

C. He told her to write down all her “enemy”had said about her.

(  ) 3. The writer felt__________ when she did the things as her father had told her.

A. surprised           B. angry            C. disappointed    

(  ) 4. According to the passage, a person should learn to listen to others’ __________.

A. shortcoming                B. opinion                C. truth

(  ) 5. Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?

A. My Childhood     

B. The Best Advice I’ve Ever Had  

C. Not an Enemy, but the Best Friend

【答案】

【Get ready before class】

英译汉：

1. 画线单词的意思是？

2. 根据短文，词组……暗示了什么？

3. ……的表述与以下哪个最接近？

一、

1. C   2. C   3. D   4. B   5. A

二、

1. A   2. B   3. C   4. A   5. C

【Enjoy the class】

Activity1：

1. C   2. A   3. C   4. B   5. A

Activity2：

1. C   2. C   3. A   4. B   5.B