2023届陕西省西安市大明宫中学高三一模英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届陕西省西安市大明宫中学高三一模英语试题（含解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，邀请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届陕西省西安市大明宫中学高三一模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Here are some of the prettiest small towns across Europe.
Giethoorn, Netherlands
They call it the Dutch answer to Venice, but Giethoorn lacks one crucial thing that the Italian city has overtourism. As in Venice, life goes around the water. There are no cars in the center so the only way to get around is on foot or on the water. Hungry? Stop at the Michelin-starred restaurant Hollands Venetië.
Guimãries, Portugal
Guimãries is crucial to Portugal’s history — It was named the country’s first capital in the 12th century. Its Middle Age core remains largely undamaged, full of grand old palaces and a broken castle, standing on top of a cliff. Like everywhere in Portugal, local bakeries make a taste pie, but here you should try the local speciality: tortas de Guimãries, a pastry filled with squash and ground almonds.
Clovelly, UK
Donkeys used to be the only way to get up and down the steep streets of Clovelly, a pretty fishing village in Devon, southwest England. Today, they still haven’t managed to bring cars in. It sits at the bottom of a 400-foot cliff. Instead, goods are transported by man-powered sledges (雪橇).
Kenmare, Ireland
On the southwestern tip of Ireland, the land melts into the ocean in County Kerry. Kenmare swings on the bay of the same name. This is in the middle of some of Ireland’s best loved ares. It’s on the Wild Atlantic Way, between the Ring of Kerry and the Ring of Beara. Kenmare is known for its food, and for its views — with grand mountains behind the clear bay.
1．How can one travel in Giethoorn?
A．By car. B．By bus. C．By air. D．By water.
2．Why is Guimarães important to Portugal’s history?
A．It stands on top of a cliff. B．It has many grand old palaces.
C．It was the country’s first capital. D．It attracted many famous bakers.
3．In which place can you experience the life of a fishing village?
A．Giethoorn. B．Guimarães. C．Clovelly. D．Kenmare.

When Roosevelt was a kid, his doctors claimed that he was too weak to live a normal life like most children of his age. They strongly recommended him to avoid participation in any physical activities, fearing that it could worsen his health condition and potentially lead to his death. Their opinions implied that he would face up to a life full of all kinds of limitations. Instead of permitting their limiting beliefs about what he could do and achieve, he chose to live a meaningful life.
Despite his doctors’ strong suggestions that he remain inactive, he didn’t want to be a carefree observer of the world as it passed him by. He was determined to force himself to be active. Roosevelt had daily adventures in the woods as a boy.
He continued to play sports when he got to college. In fact, he didn’t just play, but he excelled in both boxing and rowing, both of which require astonishing levels of strength and endurance. When Roosevelt graduated from college, his doctors were still not completely sure about his health condition. They still believed that he would be putting himself in serious danger, because his heart problems had not improved. They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree. Once again, Roosevelt decided to challenge himself to his physical limits by living an extremely energetic adult life. In about every field he took part, he would aim to push his physical limits. Impressively, he was excellent as an explorer, a hunter, an author, a soldier and a politician.
Eventually, Roosevelt went beyond the mistaken limitation upon him and lived an amazing life.
4．What would happen if Roosevelt followed his doctors’ suggestions?
A．He would live a meaningful life.
B．His life would be full of limitations.
C．His parents would feel satisfied with him.
D．He would become an extraordinary person.
5．What did his doctors expect Roosevelt to become after college graduation?
A．An explorer. B．A boxing player.
C．An office clerk. D．A politician.
6．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By following time order. B．By listing obvious reasons.
C．By giving some examples. D．By making necessary comparisons.
7．Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt?
A．Humorous. B．Generous. C．Considerate. D．Ambitious.

Talking to your children about the misinformation they may find online is a great idea. Children don’t always have the judgment or critical thinking skills to test what they read or watch, but they’ll develop these abilities quickly if you help them figure out how to separate fact from fiction. We’re here to help you do just that!
Don’t wait for your kids to approach you with questions——instead, take a few minutes to sit down with them. Let them know that there’s a lot of content out there on the Internet, and not all o£ it is true. With everything going on in the world, remind your kids that they might be seeing a lot of confusing, false information going around on social media and other parts of the web.
It’s a good idea to turn news reports and TV shows into teachable moments. Look for small opportunities to start helpful conversations about misinformation with your kids. Take a TV show or newspaper article and transform it into a helpful, easy way to understand what misinformation is9 and how to avoid it.
Misinformation can be really upsetting and stressful for your kids to think about. Let them know that you’re always available to listen and answer their questions if they’re feeling confused. Reassure your kids that there are no stupid questions, and that you’re always willing to explain something for them.
Teach your kids a few tricks to fact-check misinformation online. Remind your kids to be on the lookout for strange-looking website like those ending with co. Tell them to read through the headline. If it has a lot of mistakes, or if it’s written in all capital letters, there’s a good chance that it might be misinformation. Additionally, introduce your kids to official websites, which are quick and easy ways to fact-check information.
8．Why should people talk to their children about online misinformation?
A．There is no information holding true online,
B．There is no one else willing to teach the children.
C．Children lack the ability to judge the information.
D．Children can’t develop the judgement on their own.
9．The approach mentioned in paragraph 4 aims to ________.
A．relieve children’s financial burden
B．approach children positively to help them
C．remind parents to seize every chance to teach
D．encourage children to communicate with parents
10．Which of the following is most likely to be misinformation?
A．A passage on the website www. i21st.cn.
B．A passage on the website www. pep. com. cn.
C．A passage titled with Origins of the Mandela Effect”.
D．A passage titled with ”SHOK! GAS RAN OUT YESTERDAY“.
11．Who is the text intended for?
A．Parents. B．Teenagers. C．Students. D．Teachers.

Wildlife crossings don’t just protect animals. They can also mitigate problems related to wildlife-vehicle collisions (碰撞) and save significant money for a community.
Wildlife crossings are man-made structures that help animals move safely around their habitat. They are often paths under or over another existing road or railway, or underground passages for animals to get past for food or avoiding attacks.
Some animals are unable to migrate to survive. People still rely on highways for business and travel, and animals continue to have mobility needs for survival, though. When new roads are built, animals living in a part of their habitat can greatly increase the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions while trying to cross the new barriers.
In a new study, Wisnu Sugiarto, a Washington State University economics doctoral student, examined data for 13 of the 22 wildlife crossings, including bridges and underpasses, in the Washington State. He compared the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions each year before and after the construction of a wildlife crossing. He considered the area within 10 miles of a crossing.
Then he compared his analysis to a separate area in the state with no crossings at all. “The findings reported that wildlife crossing structures reduced the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions by one to three accidents on average per mile per year,” Sugiarto said, “Therefore, building wildlife crossing structures is typically an essential and effective strategy to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions.”
“Prior to working on this research, I wasn’t aware of any strategies to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions. I also thought we couldn’t do much about it, partly because we wouldn’t be able to communicate with wildlife and control their movement,” Sugiarto added. “ However, it turns out that there are multiple strategies to deal with issues related to wildlife-vehicle collisions and we can do something about them.”
It is reported that the government has invested $ 350 million over five years for the construction of wildlife crossings. Every wildlife crossing offers a mean benefit of between $ 235,000 and $ 443.000 each year.
12．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Analyze. B．Study. C．Reduce. D．Discover.
13．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A．How the wildlife crossings are built.
B．Why wildlife crossings are necessary.
C．What should be done to cross the roads.
D．When wildlife-vehicle collisions happen.
14．What is Sugiarto’s attitude to the construction of wildlife crossings?
A．Tolerant. B．Conservative.
C．Skeptical. D．Favorable.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Wildlife crossings save wild animals and money
B．The size of wildlife crossings affects animals greatly
C．Every wildlife crossing has a great effect on road safety
D．Wildlife crossings manage to help animals migrate safely


二、七选五
In stressful times, the art of making people laugh could help to relieve pressure. We all know that laughter is the best medicine. 16 It creates physical changes in your body that accelerate healing and protect you from harm. Scientists tell us that people who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger.
If you have trouble seeing the funny side of your own failures, then you might find some useful advice in the story of a friend of mine, who developed an unpleasant reaction to garlic for which his doctor prescribed (开处方) a short course of ointment (药膏) and suppositories (栓剂).
17 After a few minutes, the chemist, standing at the far back of the shop, shouted at the top of her voice, “I’ve got your ointment, but I’ll have to order your suppositories!”
Following a short yet strongly uncomfortable silence, she came forwards to the counter and said, “ 18 ” “Yes, you did,” was my friend’s quiet reply. I asked him how he was able to see the funny side of such an embarrassing incident and he said, “If I was standing in the shop and this had happened to someone else, it would have been funny. 19 ”
Laughing at yourself doesn’t make you a fool. It makes you strong, confident and self-assured. We all make mistakes; we all forget, trip, take wrong turns. 20 They cannot learn and will repeat the same mistakes, over and over again.
A．Sorry, I shouted that, didn’t I?
B．Sorry, you didn’t hear what I shouted, did you?
C．So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me.
D．When someone denies a mistake, they become proud.
E．He took the prescription to the drug store and waited patiently.
F．The feeling you get when you feel bad about a mistake is embarrassment.
G．There is much scientific research proving that laughter does more than cheer you up.


三、完形填空
Zoey was reported missing in 2010 after disappearing from her family home. But she has been reunited with her owner after being 21 by animal services 12 years later.
Zoey, aged 13, was reported missing in 2010 after her 22 had been trapped in the supermarket for just 20 minutes, leaving her two 23 at home. When owner Michelle 24 , she discovered Zoey’s missing but her little sister still inside the 25 .
Michelle, who then 26 in Lafayette, California, contacted her microchip company to report her dog as missing. She also 27 her neighbors about what had happened. After waiting by the 28 for months hoping somebody would call up about her missing dog, she gave up 29 on ever seeing Zoey again. She ended up 30 to Benicia with her family, which is about one hour and 15 minutes away from Lafayette by car.
But 12 years later, the call she had been 31 waiting for finally came. Animal Services Officer Brandon Levin 32 a call regarding a stray (流浪的) dog who had been dropped off on a rural property outside Stockton. The caller said the dog appeared 33 and unwell. Levin scanned the dog for a tracking chip, and to his 34 , the dog, named Zoey, had been reported missing from Lafayette, California in 2010. Levin tried 35 the phone number Michelle had left. She was amazed to find it got through. Levin then 36 Michelle in Rio Vista, where she and Zoey reunited after 12 years apart.
Michelle said, “I’m still in 37 . I definitely didn’t expect this to ever happen — but I’m 38 to hopefully bring her home. I am greatly thankful to the 39 caller, officer, and Zoey’s microchip. Without their kind 40 . I would never see Zoey again.”
21．A．sent up B．taken up C．picked up D．brought up
22．A．mother B．owner C．father D．sister
23．A．children B．cats C．friends D．dogs
24．A．returned B．left C．stopped D．came
25．A．area B．supermarket C．house D．cage
26．A．lived B．packed C．travelled D．waited
27．A．persuaded B．informed C．warned D．accused
28．A．school B．company C．phone D．street
29．A．promise B．advice C．chance D．hope
30．A．moving B．getting C．walking D．running
31．A．mentally B．desperately C．occasionally D．initially
32．A．found B．heard C．made D．received
33．A．fat B．strong C．old D．young
34．A．surprise B．satisfaction C．scare D．confusion
35．A．recalling B．dialing C．remembering D．reciting
36．A．welcomed B．comforted C．witnessed D．met
37．A．place B．order C．trouble D．shock
38．A．impressed B．sorry C．excited D．sure
39．A．selfish B．concerned C．tireless D．gentle
40．A．help B．idea C．comment D．plan


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first challenge astronauts have to face in space is weightlessness. Unlike walking, jumping or running on Earth, they “float” or “crawl” to their destination. However, weightlessness brings not only inconvenience in movement, 41 a series of physical effects. That’s why astronauts, especially those 42 remain in orbit for a long time, need to take exercise regularly.
The three astronauts, or taikonauts, based in China’s space station 43 (be)provided with diverse customized fitness 44 (equip), including a bicycle and a treadmill(跑步机), which have aroused much curiosity from Earth.
Similar 45 a spinning bike, the bike has been fixed on the side of a wall. The astronauts cycle hard against resistance 46 (generate)by electromagnetic(电磁的)force or other means 47 (exercise)their legs and keep their bones and muscles strong during the long-term orbital flight.
The space treadmill has been equipped with gravity simulators so that the astronauts can exercise in normal gravity, just as on Earth, which builds up 48 (they)muscles and compresses the bones to stimulate(刺激)bone reconstruction. Running on the treadmill for 15 minutes in space is equal to running about 3 kilometers on Earth.
The astronauts also use pull bands for daily exercises. They work out for about two hours daily and each of their exercises are 49 (careful) designed to stimulate and exercise the bones and muscles. Regular and persistent exercise 50 (help)the astronauts improve their working ability under long term weightlessness.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每旬中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
While I was shopping with my friends last weekend, I accidental noticed a lady lying on a bench in the food court. I was asked the lady whether she was OK and she said she felt a few sick. I told my friends to watch while I went through my handbag to find the lady’s phone and finally contact her husband. It turned out which this lady fell ill. She was basically going in and out of conscious. Others came to help while waiting an ambulance. After hearing what I had done, my parents felt proud, say we should give a hand to those in needs.

六、邀请信
52．假定你是李华，春天来了，到了放风筝的季节。为此，你的家乡在举办风筝节(the Kite Festival)。请你给你的英国交换生同学Jason发一封电子邮件，邀请他和你一起去游玩，内容包括：
1.介绍风筝节;
2.发出邀请。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了欧洲四个美丽的小城镇。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are no cars in the center so the only way to get around is on foot or on the water.(市中心没有汽车，所以唯一的出行方式是步行或水上)”可知，Giethoorn的出行方式是水路。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Guimãries is crucial to Portugal’s history — It was named the country’s first capital in the 12th century.( Guimãries对葡萄牙的历史至关重要——它在12世纪被命名为葡萄牙的第一个首都)”可知，Guimarães对葡萄牙历史重要因为它是国家的第一个首都。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Donkeys used to be the only way to get up and down the steep streets of Clovelly, a pretty fishing village in Devon, southwest England.(在英格兰西南部德文郡一个美丽的渔村Clovelly，驴子曾经是人们在陡峭的街道上走来走去的唯一工具)”可知，Clovelly能体验到渔村的生活。故选C。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D

【导语】本文是记叙文。Roosevelt小时候身体虚弱，医生建议他不要参加任何体育活动，但他突破身体的限制，选择过一种有意义的人生。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Their opinions implied that he would face up to a life full of all kinds of limitations.(他们的意见暗示他将面对充满各种限制的生活)”可知，如果遵照医生的建议，Roosevelt的生活将充斥着各种各样的限制。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“When Roosevelt graduated from college, his doctors were still not completely sure about his health condition. They still believed that he would be putting himself in serious danger, because his heart problems had not improved. They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree. (罗斯福大学毕业时，他的医生们仍然对他的健康状况不完全确定。他们仍然认为他将把自己置于严重的危险之中，因为他的心脏问题没有得到改善。他们坚信，在他完成大学学位后，最好为他找一份办公室工作。)”可知，医生认为Roosevelt大学毕业后最好找一份办公室工作。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When Roosevelt was a kid, his doctors claimed that he was too weak to live a normal life like most children of his age.(当罗斯福还是个孩子的时候，他的医生说他太虚弱了，不能像大多数同龄的孩子那样过正常的生活)”；第三段中“He continued to play sports when he got to college. (上大学后，他继续参加体育运动)”以及“They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree.(他们坚信，在他完成大学学位后，最好为他找一份办公室工作)”可知，文章主要是按时间顺序叙述的。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Instead of permitting their limiting beliefs about what he could do and achieve, he chose to live a meaningful life.(他选择过有意义的生活，而不是让他们限制他能做什么和取得什么成就。)”，第二 段的“He was determined to force himself to be active. Roosevelt had daily adventures in the woods as a boy.(他决心强迫自己积极起来。罗斯福小时候每天都在森林里冒险。)”以及第三段的“Impressively, he was excellent as an explorer, a hunter, an author, a soldier and a politician.(令人印象深刻的是，他是一位出色的探险家、猎人、作家、士兵和政治家。)”可知，在Roosevelt小时候，他的医生建议他不要参加任何体育活动，担心参加体育活动会使他的健康状况恶化，但他选择过一种有意义的人生，成为出色的探险家、猎人、作家、士兵和政治家。由此可推知，Roosevelt有理想有抱负。故选D。
8．C 9．D 10．D 11．A

【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了家长教育孩子辨别网络信息真伪的方法。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Children don’t always have the judgment or critical thinking skills to test what they read or watch, but they’ll develop these abilities quickly if you help them figure out how to separate fact from fiction.(孩子们并不总是有判断力或批判性思维能力来测试他们所读或所看的内容，但是如果你帮助他们弄清楚如何区分事实和虚构，他们将很快发展这些能力。)”可知，我们要和孩子谈论网上的错误信息，这是因为孩子们缺少辨别网络信息真伪的能力。故选C。

2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Misinformation can be really upsetting and stressful for your kids to think about. Let them know that you’re always available to listen and answer their questions if they’re feeling confused. Reassure your kids that there are no stupid questions, and that you’re always willing to explain something for them.(错误的信息对你的孩子来说是非常令人沮丧和有压力的。让他们知道，如果他们感到困惑，你随时可以倾听并回答他们的问题。让你的孩子放心，没有什么愚蠢的问题，你总是愿意为他们解释一些事情。)”可推知，作者所列方法的目的是减轻孩子心理负担，让他们大胆与父母沟通。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“If it has a lot of mistakes, or if it’s written in all capital letters, there’s a good chance that it might be misinformation.(如果它有很多错误，或者它是用大写字母写的，很有可能是错误的信息。)”可以判断，标题全是大写字母且有错误的文章传达的往往是错误信息。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Talking to your children about the misinformation they may find online is a great idea.(和你的孩子谈论他们可能在网上发现的错误信息是一个很好的主意。)”可知，本文主要是写给父母的。故选A。
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Sugiarto通过研究华盛顿州22个野生动物过境点中的13个事故的数据发现，建立野生动物过境点既能减少野生动物与车辆碰撞事故的发生，也能省钱。
12．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Wildlife crossings don’t just protect animals. They can also mitigate problems related to wildlife-vehicle collisions (碰撞) and save significant money for a community.(野生动物过境点不仅仅是保护动物。它们还可以mitigate野生动物与车辆碰撞的问题，并为社区节省大量资金。)”中的not just和also可知，上下文都介绍野生动物过境点的好处。由此推知，它可以减少野生动物与车辆碰撞事故的发生。即mitigate意为“减少”，与reduce同义。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Some animals are unable to migrate to survive. People still rely on highways for business and travel, and animals continue to have mobility needs for survival, though. When new roads are built, animals living in a part of their habitat can greatly increase the number of wildlife vehicle collisions while trying to cross the new barriers.(有些动物无法迁徙生存。尽管如此，人们仍然依赖高速公路进行商业和旅行，动物仍然有生存的流动需求。当修建新的道路时，生活在其栖息地一部分的动物在试图越过新的障碍物时，会大大增加野生动物与车辆相撞的次数。)”可知，本段主要说明了建立野生动物过境点的必要性。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“Therefore, building wildlife crossing structures is typically an essential and effective strategy to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions.(因此，建造野生动物穿越结构通常是减少野生动物车辆碰撞的一项重要而有效的策略。)”推知，Sugiarto对建立野生动物过境点是支持的。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Wildlife crossings don’t just protect animals. They can also mitigate problems related to wildlife-vehicle collisions (碰撞) and save significant money for a community.(野生动物过境点不仅仅是保护动物。它们还可以减少野生动物与车辆碰撞的问题，并为社区节省大量资金。)”可知，本文主要介绍Sugiarto通过研究华盛顿州22个野生动物过境点中的13个事故的数据发现，建立野生动物过境点既能减少野生动物与车辆碰撞事故的发生，也能省钱。因此A项“Wildlife crossings save wild animals and money(野生动物过境点既能拯救动物还能省钱)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
16．G 17．E 18．A 19．C 20．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，能够自嘲的人会很快的从不幸中走出来。
16．根据空后的“It creates physical changes in your body that accelerate healing and protect you from harm.(它会在您的身体中产生物理变化，从而加速愈合并保护您免受伤害。)”可知，大笑对人体产生的影响，由此可见，此空处应该与此处的内容相关，此处的it所指的内容与G选项“There is much scientific research proving that laughter does more than cheer you up.(有很多科学研究证明，笑不仅仅是让你振作起来。)”中的laughter一致。故选G项。
17．根据空后“After a few minutes, the chemist, standing at the far back of the shop, shouted at the top of her voice, “I’ve got your ointment, but I’ll have to order your suppositories!”(几分钟后，站在商店后面的化学家用她的声音喊道：“我有你的药膏，但我必须订购你的栓剂！”)”中的“after a few minutes”可推知，空格内的内容与时间有关系，E选项“He took the prescription to the drug store and waited patiently.(他把处方拿到药店，耐心地等待着。)”的耐心等待与时间有关，符合题意。故选E项。
18．根据空后的““Yes, you did,” was my friend’s quiet reply.(“是的，是你做的，”是我朋友平静的回答。)”可知，此空处应为提出的问题，所以选项A和选项B符合条件，A选项中的“Sorry, I shouted that, didn’t I?(对不起，我喊了，不是吗？)”的答复人称吻合。故选A项。
19．根据空前的“If I was standing in the shop and this had happened to someone else, it would have been funny.(如果我站在店里，这发生在别人身上，那会很有趣。)”可知，此处是作者朋友在如此尴尬的事情中如何看到有趣的方面，C选项“So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me.(所以这同样有趣，只是因为它发生在我身上。)”中陈述的内容与空前内容吻合，且两者间因果关系，逻辑通顺。故选C项。
20．根据空前的“We all make mistakes; we all forget, trip, take wrong turns.(我们都会犯错误；我们都会忘记，会摔倒，走错路。)”可知，我们都会犯错误，D选项“When someone denies a mistake, they become proud.(当有人否认错误时，他们会感到自豪。)”中的mistake与上文中的mistake语义相关，为解题关键词，且该选项与空后的“They cannot learn and will repeat the same mistakes, over and over again.(他们不会学习，会一遍又一遍地犯同样的错误。)”中的人称一致，符合题意。故选D项。

21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D 37．D 38．C 39．B 40．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了狗主人米歇尔在人们和科技的帮助下找回了自己丢失十二年的狗佐伊的故事。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但12年后，她被动物服务机构捡到，终于和主人团聚了。A. sent up使升高；B. taken up占据；C. picked up捡起；D. brought up抚养。结合后文“by animal services 12 years later”指佐伊被动物服务机构捡到（暗指被救助），最后得以和主人团聚。故选C。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：佐伊，13岁，2010年被报道失踪，她的主人在超市里20分钟，把她的两只狗留在家里。A. mother母亲；B. owner物主，主人；C. father父亲；D. sister姐妹。呼应后文“When owner Michelle”指狗的主人去超市了，故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：佐伊，13岁，2010年被报道失踪，她的主人在超市里20分钟，把她的两只狗留在家里。A. children孩子；B. cats猫；C. friends朋友；D. dogs狗。根据后文“report her dog as missing”可知，主人把两只狗留在了家里。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当主人米歇尔回来时，她发现佐伊不见了，但她的妹妹还在房子里。A. returned返回；B. left离开；C. stopped停止；D. came来。上文“had been trapped in the supermarket for just 20 minutes”提到主人去超市了，所以是返回家里发现狗不见了。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当主人米歇尔回来时，她发现佐伊不见了，但她的妹妹还在房子里。A. area区域；B. supermarket超市；C. house房子；D. cage笼子。呼应上文“at home”把狗留在了家里。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时住在加州拉斐特的米歇尔联系了她的微芯片公司，报告她的狗失踪了。A. lived居住；B. packed打包；C. travelled旅行；D. waited等待。根据后文“in Lafayette, California”以及“to Benicia with her family, which is about one hour and 15 minutes away from Lafayette by car”可知，她一开始住在加州拉斐特。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还把发生的事情告诉了邻居。A. persuaded说服；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. accused控告。根据后文“her neighbors about what had happened”指告知邻居狗不见了的事情。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在电话旁等了几个月，希望有人会打电话说发现了她失踪的狗，之后她放弃了再见到佐伊的希望。A. school学校；B. company公司；C. phone电话；D. street街道。根据后文“hoping somebody would call up about her missing dog”可知是等在电话旁边，希望有人打电话来。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在电话旁等了几个月，希望有人会打电话说发现了她失踪的狗，之后她放弃了再见到佐伊的希望。A. promise承诺；B. advice建议；C. chance机会；D. hope希望。根据后文“on ever seeing Zoey again”以及她等了好几个月可知，最后是放弃了找到狗的希望。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，她和家人搬到了贝尼西亚，那里距离拉斐特约有1小时15分钟的车程。A. moving移动，搬家；B. getting得到；C. walking散步；D. running奔跑。根据后文“to Benicia with her family, which is about one hour and 15 minutes away from Lafayette by car”可知，狗的主人搬家了，故选A。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但12年后，她一直在拼命等待的电话终于来了。A. mentally心理地；B. desperately绝望地、拼命地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. initially首先。呼应上文“for months hoping somebody would call up about her missing dog”指拼命等待（暗指苦苦等待）的电话，故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：动物服务官员布兰登·莱文接到一个电话，说有一只流浪狗被遗弃在斯托克顿郊外的一处乡村。A. found找到；B. heard听见；C. made制作；D. received收到。根据后文“The caller said the dog appeared”可知是接到了电话，故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：打电话的人说那只狗看起来又老又不舒服。A. fat胖的；B. strong强壮的；C. old老的；D. young年轻的。根据上文“Zoey, aged 13”可知，佐伊十三岁了，是只老狗。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱文扫描了这只狗的追踪芯片，令他惊讶的是，这只名叫佐伊的狗于2010年在加州拉斐特被报告失踪。A. surprise惊讶；B. satisfaction满足；C. scare恐吓；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“the dog, named Zoey, had been reported missing from Lafayette, California in 2010.”可知，得知了狗的信息感到惊讶，短语to one’s surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱文试着拨米歇尔留下的电话号码。A. recalling回想起；B. dialing拨号；C. remembering记得；D. reciting背诵。根据后文“the phone number”指拨打电话号码，应用动词dial。故选B。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，莱文在里约维斯塔遇见了米歇尔，在那里她和佐伊在分开12年后重逢。A. welcomed欢迎；B. comforted安慰；C. witnessed目击；D. met会见。根据后文“Michelle in Rio Vista, where she and Zoey reunited alter 12 years apart”指莱文在里约维斯塔会见了米歇尔，故选D。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然很震惊。A. place地方；B. order订单；C. trouble麻烦；D. shock震惊。根据后文“I definitely didn’t expect this to ever happen(我绝对没想到会发生这种事)”可知米歇尔对12年后找到狗这件事很吃惊。故选D。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我绝对没有想到会发生这样的事，但我很兴奋，希望能把她带回家。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. excited激动的；D. sure当然的。根据后文“to hopefully bring her home”可知，丢失12年的狗找到了，情绪应当是激动的。故选C。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感谢关心此事的来电者，警官和佐伊的微芯片。A. selfish自私的；B. concerned关心的；C. tireless不知疲倦的；D. gentle温和的。根据前文“a call regarding a stray (流浪的) dog who had been dropped off on a rural property outside Stockton. The caller said the dog appeared”可知，正是因为关心狗的来电者，米歇尔才能找回狗，此处指关心此事的来电者。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有他们的帮助，我再也见不到佐伊了。A. help帮助；B. idea想法；C. comment评论；D. plan计划。结合上文可知是来电者，警官和佐伊的微芯片帮助了米歇尔找到了狗，故选A。

41．but 42．who 43．are 44．equipment 45．to 46．generated 47．to exercise 48．their 49．carefully 50．helps

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国空间站为三名宇航员提供了多种定制的健身设备，包括自行车和跑步机来让宇航员锻炼身体，避免出现健康问题。
41．考查连词。句意：然而，失重带来的不仅仅是行动不便，还有一系列的身体影响。此处为not only…but(also)...表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
42．考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么宇航员，尤其是那些长时间呆在轨道上的宇航员，需要定期锻炼的原因。定语从句修饰先行词those，在从句中作主语，指人。故填who。
43．考查时态。句意：中国空间站为三名宇航员提供了多种定制的健身设备，包括自行车和跑步机，这引起了地球上很多人的好奇。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为The three astronauts，谓语用复数。故填are。
44．考查名词。句意：中国空间站为三名宇航员提供了多种定制的健身设备，包括自行车和跑步机，这引起了地球上很多人的好奇。作宾语，应用名词equipment，不可数。故填equipment。
45．考查介词。句意：与动感单车类似，这款自行车被固定在墙的一侧。表示“与……类似”短语为similar to。故填to。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：在长期的轨道飞行中，宇航员在电磁力或其他方式产生的阻力下艰苦地骑行，锻炼腿部，保持骨骼和肌肉的强壮。分析句子结构可知generate与逻辑主语resistance构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填generated。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：在长期的轨道飞行中，宇航员在电磁力或其他方式产生的阻力下艰苦地骑行，锻炼腿部，保持骨骼和肌肉的强壮。名词means后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to exercise。
48．考查代词。句意：太空跑步机配备了重力模拟器，这样宇航员就可以像在地球上一样在正常重力下锻炼，锻炼肌肉并压缩骨骼以刺激骨骼重建。修饰名词muscles应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
49．考查副词。句意：他们每天锻炼大约两个小时，每项运动都经过精心设计，以刺激和锻炼骨骼和肌肉。修饰过去分词designed 应用副词carefully，故填carefully。
50．考查时态。句意：定期和持续的锻炼有助于宇航员在长期失重状态下提高工作能力。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Regular and persistent exercise，谓语用三单形式。故填helps。
51．1.accidental→accidentally
2.删除was
3.few→little
4.my→her
5.contact→contacted
6.which→that
7.conscious→consciousness
8.waiting前添加for
9.say→saying
10.needs→need
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在购物的时候帮助了一个身体不适的女士的故事。
【详解】1.考查副词。句意：上周末我和朋友去购物时，偶然注意到一位女士躺在美食广场的长椅上。修饰动词notice应用副词accidentally作状语，故accidental改为accidentally。
2.考查语态。句意：我问那位女士是否还好，她说她感觉有点不舒服。主语I与谓语动词ask为主动关系，不是被动，故删除was。
3.考查固定短语。句意：我问那位女士是否还好，她说她感觉有点不舒服。a little作副词使用时，可以修饰形容词，修饰形容词sick应用a little。故few改为little。
4.考查代词。句意：我告诉我的朋友们看着，我翻了翻她的手提包，找到了这位女士的手机，最后联系了她的丈夫。此处指女士的包，应用代词her。故my改为her。
5.考查时态。句意：我告诉我的朋友们看着，我翻了翻她的手提包，找到了这位女士的手机，最后联系了她的丈夫。描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词contact用一般过去时。故contact改为contacted。
6.考查固定句型。句意：原来这位女士生病了。此处为句型It turned out that…表示“原来……”。故which改为that。
7.考查名词。句意：她的意识时断时续。作介词的宾语，应用名词consciousness。故conscious改为consciousness。
8.考查介词。句意：其他人在等救护车的时候过来帮忙。表示“等待……”短语为wait for。故waiting前添加for。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：听到我所做的一切后，我的父母感到自豪，说我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。分析句子结构可知say在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语parents构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故say改为saying。
10.考查固定短语。句意：听到我所做的一切后，我的父母感到自豪，说我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。表示“需要帮助”短语为in need。故needs改为need。
52．Dear Jason,
How is everything going? I am excited to tell you that the Kite Festival lasting a weeks is being held in my hometown. Knowing that you have a preference for flying kite, I sincerely invite you to go to the Kite Festival with me.
As is known to all, flying kites is a Chinese traditional custom and the Chinese people like flying kits. In the Kite Festival, there will be varieties of kites on display. Of course, it is great fun watching kite flying high in the sky. What is even more thrilling is that you can fly kites for yourself. I just can’t wait to enjoy the Kite Festival with you.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，春天来了，到了放风筝的季节。为此，你的家乡在举办风筝节(the Kite Festival)。请你给你的英国交换生同学Jason发一封电子邮件，邀请他和你一起去游玩。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：hold→host
传统的：traditional→conventional
各种各样的：varieties of→various
令人激动的：thrilling→exciting
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In the Kite Festival, there will be varieties of kites on display. Of course, it is great fun watching kite flying high in the sky.
拓展句：In the Kite Festival, not only there will be varieties of kites on display, but also it is great fun watching kite flying high in the sky.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am excited to tell you that the Kite Festival lasting a weeks is being held in my hometown. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] What is even more thrilling is that you can fly kites for yourself. (运用了that引导表语从句)