初中英语中考词组用法讲解（共三类）（中考考点）

中考英语词组用法讲解一、感官动词的用法（一）感官动词1.感官动词(及物动词)有：see/  notice/  look at/ watch/  observe/listen to/  hear/  feel(Vt)/  taste(Vt)/smell(Vt)2.连缀动词(含感官不及物动词)：be/  get/  become/  feel/  look/  sound/smell/  taste/  keep/  stay/seem/ appear/ grow/  turn/  prove/remain/  go/  run（二）具体用法1.五感:look.hear.smell, taste.feel,其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来”。①作系动词，感官动词+adj.，作表语，说明主语所处的状态。②除look之外，其它几个动词的主语是sth，而不是sb。【例】These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。2.感官动词+介词like+名词（如:look like…）【例】It looks like a bird.看起来像一只小鸟Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。3.五个感官动词可作实义动词，除look(当”看起来……”讲时)只能作不及物动词（Vi.）外，其余四个既可作及物动词（Vt.)也可作不及物动词（Vi.）。此时作为实义动词，其主语一般为sb。【例】She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。4.taste, smell作不及物动词（Vi.）时，用于"taste/smell+of+名词”结构，意为“有……味道/气味”。【例】The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。5.五感动词(sound除外)可以直接作名词（n.），与have或take构成短语。① taste 表示品味、味道May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗?（taste是品位、味道的意思）。I don't like the taste of the garlic.我不喜欢大蒜的味道。She dresses in poor taste.她穿着没有品位。② look有外观，特色的意思，例：The place has a European look.此地具有欧洲特色。③ feel有感觉，感受的意思，④ watch有手表，观察的意思。【例】My watch is expensive.6.其中look\ sound\ feel可构成"look/sound/feel+ as if+从句"结构，意为“看起来/听起来/感觉好像……”。【例】It looks as if our class is going to win.看来我们班好像要获胜了。7.感官动词+do与+doing的区别：see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell,taste feel①感官动词+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；②感官动词+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调”我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)8.如何区别 look,see,watch:从意义上看：① look 通常表示主动地、有意识地“看”，侧重指看的行为。看、看黑板等，通常用look at。②see 通常指看的客观结果，即“看见”。看展览、看风景、看望朋友等通常要用see;③ watch 也指有意识地看，但往往指仔细地盯着看事物的变化。看电视、看比赛等通常用watch；注:从表达习惯上看：看戏、看电影、看话剧、看演出等通常用动词see(有时也可用watch，但不如用see常见)二、Remember\Forget\Regret的用法① forget [fəˈɡet](forget→ forgot→ forgotten)忘记;遗忘;忘记做(或带、买等);不再想;Who could forget his speech at last year's party?谁能忘记他去年在聚会上的讲话呢？② regret [rɪˈɡret](regret→ regretted→ regretted)后悔；遗憾；惋惜；有礼貌地或正式地表示抱歉、痛惜或悲伤I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation. 很遗憾，我不能接受你的友好邀请。③ remember 记得;想起;回想起;把…牢记在心I can't remember his taking a single day off work.我不记得他请过哪怕一天假。remember  (记得)forget    (忘记)regret    (后悔)这三个单词的基本意义和用法其实不难，难点在于他们后接“to do”和“doing”时的区别。■后接不定式to do，指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生。■后接动名词doing，指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较：① Remember to post the letter.记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)I remember posting the letter.我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生)② He forgot to pay me the money.他忘记要给我付钱了。“付钱”未发生)He forgot paying me themoney.他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)三、borrow、lend、keep的用法1.borrow :意为从他人处借进来（借入）常用结构:borrow sth.from sb.or somewhereShe borrowed two books from the library yesterday.昨天她从图书馆借了两本书。2.lend: 是把自己的东西借给他人（借出）（lend→ lent→ lent）常用结构:lend sth.to sb.或lend sb.sth.Henry lent his dictionary to me.亨利把他的字典借给了我。3.keep:意为“保存、保留”，引伸为“借用”（keep→ kept→kept），用于表示借用的时间长度，与 表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用。① How long can I keep the newspaper?② I have kept the magazine for two weeks.这本杂志我已经借了两周了。【注意】borrow 和 lend 都是瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如要与表示时间段的状语连用，需转换成延续性动词。borrow 需转换为对应的延续性动词keep。【例】 ①    How long can I keep this storybook?这本故事书我能借多久？②You can keep the novel for two months.这本小说你可以借两个月。4.借阅图书的常用句型【第一组】借阅Where is the history section?历史书区在哪？Can you please tell me where to find the periodicals?[ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪkl]你可以告诉我期刊要去哪里找吗？Is there a reading room here?这里有阅览室吗？Can I check out DVDs?我可以外借DVD 吗？Is there a photocopier here?这里有复印机吗？How much does it cost to use the photocopier?[ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpiə(r)]要付多少钱才能使用复印机？【第二组】找书Can you reserve this book for me?你可以帮我预订这本书吗？Can you request this book from another library for me?你可以帮我从另一家图书馆调这本书吗？Can you tell me where I can find the Old Man and the Sea？你可以告诉我要去哪找《老人与海》这本书吗？I want to borrow two books on English grammar ; can you show me where I can find them?我想借两本有关英语语法的书，你能告诉我在哪里可以找到吗？【第三组】提供帮助Can I help you? What kind of books are you looking for?需要帮助吗，您在找哪类书呢？Here are the books you need.这是您要的书。Magazines and journals [ˈdʒɜːnl]are reference[ˈrefrəns] materials; they have to be read in the library.杂志和期刊是参考资料，这类书必须在图书馆里阅读。I am sorry.The book you want to borrow has been checked out.很抱歉，您想要借的书已经被其他人借走了。