外研版英语小升初暑假衔接 专题6.音节划分+语法填空（原卷版+解析版）

音节划分+语法填空

音标学习

1. 音节概念：

（1）一个单词的音标中有几个元音音标就有几个音节。

（2）一个音节叫单音节，两个音节叫双音节，三个或三个以上的音节叫多音节。E.g. 单音节：/ə/  /zed/  /sit/    双音节 /'i:zi/  /hə' ləʊ/  /'faɪə/

多音节/'bju:tɪfl/  /ɪntə'næʃ(ə)n(ə)l/

（3）/m/ /n/ /l/在后面没有元音音标的情况下也能和前面的辅音构成一个音节，叫做自成音节。

E.g. /l/: little /'lɪt(ə)l/  bottle /'bɒt(ə)l/   /n/: cotton /'kɒt(ə)n/  lesson /'les(ə)n/

/m/: socialism /'səʊʃəlɪz(ə)m/  symbolism /'sɪmbəlɪz(ə)m/

2. 音节的划分

（1）按单词音标划分（最简单但不全面）

① 单音节音标的划分多为：辅+元+辅 E.g.  got /ɡɒt/  date /deɪt/

② 双音节和多音节的音标划分为：“辅+元”或“辅+元+辅”

E.g. better /'betə/   behind /bɪ'haɪnd/

（2）按单词字母划分（比较难但全面）

口诀：一靠后，二分手，多个中间偏左右。组合字母算一个，常见组合要遵守。

①一靠后：当两个元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时，一般把它划分给后面的音节当头。

E.g. ago→a/go  /ə'ɡəʊ/→/ə/'ɡəʊ/  water→wa/ter  /'wɔ:tə/→/'wɔ:/tə/

②二分手：当两个元音字母之间有两个辅音字母时，一般把他们分开，一边一个。

E.g. doctor→doc/tor  /'dɒktə/→/'dɒk/tə/  number→num/ber  /'nʌmbə/→/'nʌm/bə/

③多个中间偏左右：当两个元音字母中间，有三个以上的辅音字母时，中间的辅音字母要么划分给前面的音节当尾，要么划分给后面的音节当头。

E.g.  improve →im/prove    /ɪm'pru:v/ →/ɪm/'pru:v/

transport →tran/sport   /træn'spɔ:t/→ /træn/'spɔ:t/

④组合字母算一个：指的是一些字母组合后固定发一个音（常见的是双元音和“双辅音”），在划分音节时一般被当成一个字母看待。

E.g.  retry→re/try  /riː'traɪ/→/riː/'traɪ/  other→o/ther  /'ʌðə/→/'ʌ/ðə/

quickly→quick/ly   /'kwɪklɪ/→/'kwɪk/lɪ/

⑤常见组合要遵守:英语里有一些字母常常组合在一起，但它们不像固定组合字母那样发一个音，而是各发各的音，如pr，pl，fr，cl，sp，st，sk，scr，gr等等，这类组合字母在划分音节时一般不拆开，把它们划分在一起，尊重它们的常见组合习惯。

E.g. present→pre/sent /preznt/→/pre/znt/  class →class  /'klɑːs/ →/'klɑːs/

student →stu/dent /'stjuːd(ə)nt/→/'stjuː/d(ə)nt/  skirt →skirt /skɜːt/ →/skɜːt/

3. 其他语音知识——重音的读法

①重音：在单词的音标中，如果在某个音标前的上方见到“ ' ”这个符号，如/dɪ'beɪt/，这就是重音符号。这个符号指的是从其后的音节开始全部使用降调(接近汉语拼音第四声)，而在重音前的的音节，要使用升调(接近汉语拼音第一声)。如：/ri'traɪ/  /hə'ləʊ/  /bɪ'haɪnd/。

注：若无重音符号标注，则意味着从第一个音标开始就往下压声调

②次重音：在单词的音标中，如果在某个音标前的下方见到“ ˌ ”这个符号，如decode /ˌdiː'kəʊd/，这就是次重音符号。这个符号指的是从其后的音节开始全部使用升调(接近汉语拼音第一声)，直到遇到重音符号才开始降调（接近汉语拼音第四声），如：examination /ɪgˌzæmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/  congratulations /kənˌgrætjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)ns/。

4. 巩固练习

请给以下单词划分音节

pencil /'pensl/     afternoon /ˌɑ:ftə'nu:n/    window /'wɪndəu/

blackboard /'blækbɔ:d/   classroom /'klɑ:srum/     English /'ɪŋglɪʃ/ 

birthday /'bə:θdeɪ/    favourite /'feɪv(ə)rət/   sister /'sɪstə/ 

elephant /'elɪfənt/     breakfast /'brekfəst/     basketball /'bɑ:skɪtˌbɔ:l/

animal /'ænɪməl/     Christmas /'krɪsməs/     excuse /ɪks'kju:z/     festival /'festɪvl/

【语法填空】

一

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Food is very important. Everyone       1       (need) to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body.        2       (we) minds (头脑) also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge (知识). We begin to get knowledge even when we       3       (be) very young. Small children are        4       (interest) in everything around them. They learn everything while they are watching and listening.        5       they are getting older, they begin to read story books, science books and so on. When they find something new, they love to ask      6        ( question) and try to find out the answers. What      7        (be) the best way to get knowledge? If we learn        8       ourselves, we will get the most knowledge. If we are always getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn      9        (good). When we study     10         the right way, we will learn more and understand better.

二

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Hi，I'm Tom.I'm a middle school student.Today is Monday.I have a busy day today.1.               (one) I have Chinese 2.               8：30.Then I have history.It's 3.               (interest)．So it's my favorite subject.The 4.               (three) lesson on Monday is math.I don't like it 5.               it's boring.After lunch I have a lunch break (午休)．I have music 6.               the afternoon.Our music teacher is Mrs.Brown.7.               (she) classes are always 8.               (relax)．After that，I have science.It's difficult 9.               interesting.My classes finish at 3：50.After that I have an art lesson 10.               two hours.What a busy day!

三

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dear friends,

Hello! I___1___Sarah from Oxford and I'm fourteen___2___(year) old. I go to New Oxford High School, in Class 2A. School is OK, I guess. I'm very good at music because I like the teacher, Mrs. Downey. She plays the piano very___3___(good). She's very nice with us. I also like art and English. They are my favorite___4___(subject).

At school, I have two good friends, Jane and Kelly. Jane is tall___5___Kelly isn't. Kelly is good at math. Jane___6___(do) well in geography. Anyway, I love___7___(they) a lot. We do lots of things together, like going swimming. We___8___(real) have fun at the pool.

What about you? What class are you___9___?___10___you have many friends at school?

Sarah

四

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Dear Grandma，

How are you？I'm very busy this month.July 3rd is 1.               (I) good friend Alice's birthday.I will go to her birthday party 2.               the evening.On the 3.               (five)，I have 4.               English test.On July 15th，I 5.               (have) a basketball game.You know I love basketball.On the 6.               (twenty)，I have a school trip.On the 25th，I'll go to Mr.Cool's Clothes Store.The clothes there 7.               (be) on sale that day.I want 8.                (buy) a pair of sports shoes and a T­shirt.The hats there are nice.I'll buy one 9.               you.Oh，Grandma，I'm very sorry I can't go to see you 10.               my parents this month.See you next month.

五

在下面短文的空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。

Boys and girls,

Welcome to our school, Let _____1_____(I) introduce some of our clubs to you.

First of all, Sports Club is a good club _____2_____ sports lovers. There， you can watch sports matches with other students and play sports for ___3___ hour a day to get some exercise. It's good for your ___4___(healthy).

If you are interested in English, you can join the English club. In this club, you can talk with the teacher Hank. He ____5____(come) from America. You can also talk about ____6____ to learn English well with other students. And I think you can make a lot of new_____7_____( friend).

If you like______8______(read ). Reading Club is just for you. Reading books______9______ writing reading notes improve(改进) your writing.

These______10______(be)the most popular clubs in our school. I hope you can join one.

六

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Welcome to Puppy’s Home. We have food and clothes   1    dogs. The dog food is good and   2   (health), and it’s not expensive. It’s only twenty    3    (dollar) for a bag. We are sure your dog loves it. For clothes, we have T-shirts, sweaters, shorts and   4   (skirt). They are all very cute. And there   5    clothes on   6    (sell) every weekend. Please bring your dogs here   7    buy some. Do you need shoes for your dog? We have shoes, ___8___. We sell them    9    good prices. They are eight dollars for one pair, and fifteen dollars for two ___10___ (pair). Come to our store now.

七

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置

A man is going to the house of his good friend Danny. After a short time, he sees two _____1______(box) of good apples by the road. He says "I do not want _____2_____(eat)those apples, because Danny will give me a lot of good and _____3______ (health) food to eat. I can eat very ____4_______ (good)in his house.” Then he takes the apples and throws(扔) them into the dustbin.(垃圾箱).

He comes to a river(河).There is a lot of water in ___5_____river and he can't get over it. He waits for some time, then he thinks, “I can't go to my ______6_____ (friend) house today, because I can’t get over the river.”

____7___the evening, he begins to go home. He has no food to eat that day. He comes back to the apples ____8_____he is very hungry(饿). He is happy to take the apples out of the dustbin and eat ______9_____ (they).

At last he _____10_____ (know) that never throw good things away and you may be happy to have them at some other time.

八

   阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式. 将答案填写在答题卷的相应位置。

    Mr. White works in an office. He likes______1____ (read) in bed at home. It is bad __2    _ his eyes and now he is near-sighted.   3   he doesn't want anybody to know about it and he never wears a pair of    4    (glass). It often brings hire some trouble.

    On a winter morning he goes to a village on business. He gets off a bus at   5   station in a town. Then he has to   6   (walk) there. The road to the village is not smooth. There are stones here and there. He falls over several times and it   7   (make) his clothes very dirty. The wind blow strongly and his hat is blown off. He has to run after it but he can't catch it. He doesn't know   8  his hat runs into a house. And then he runs into the house, too. A big woman stops   9     _(he), "Why are you running     10     my hen? "

九

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Jenny is 1.              English girl.2.              (she) is in Beijing now.Li Lan is Jenny's good friend and they are in 3.              same class.She 4.              (have) a birthday dinner and she asks Jenny to come to her home.Li Lan's mother cooks Chinese food 5.              them.Jenny really likes 6.              (it)．

In England，Jenny has 7.              (hamburger)，bread and salad.After she 8.              (come) to Beijing，she likes Chinese food.She has porridge and eggs for breakfast.For lunch，she likes some vegetables，rice and 9.              (chicken)，and she eats vegetable salad or fruit for dinner.Jenny doesn't eat ice­cream because she doesn't want 10.              (be) fat.

十

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

My friends have different hobbies. Lily has a beautiful voice. Singing has become 1._______(she)favorite hobby. She sings Karaoke and 2________(watch)many music videos every day and she often sings at friends’ 3_______(party). John can swim very 4_________(good). He usually swims in the river near his house. And he practices swimming in a swimming pool 5._________Sundays. He wants 6.__________(be)a swimmer at Olympics one day. Many people are 7.__________ (interest)in flying model planes. Bobby is one of them. He thinks 8__________ is fun and relaxing. He flies model planes with his friends in the park every weekend. But now, he is busy every day 9___________he is going to be in the 10_________(three)year of middle school. Can he still keep flying model planes as a hobby?

十二

根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中空白处填写一个正确的单词。

Tu Youyou was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize( 诺贝尔奖) in Physiology or Medicine. Tu is the 1. _________ (one) Chinese woman scientist(科学家) to get the Nobel Prize. She is great. She does a lot of 2. ________ (use) work in science. She finds artemisinin(青蒿素) that cure the deadly disease. She wants to help lots of people around the world. She says, “The prize isn’t 3.  _________ (I). It belongs to(属于) all Chinese scientists.”

Tu is healthy 4. _________  she has good eating habits. Now she is 84 years old but she 5.               ________ (look) young. When she is 6. _________, she always plays the piano(钢琴) to relax. She has many books and likes 7. _________  (read) in her study. And she thinks it is important to make 8.________(friend). She says it is fun to work 9. __________ young people.

Tu Youyou is 10. _________ great scientist. We should learn from her.

十三

根据短文内容及所给提示,在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词。

 I’m David. Today is D    1    12th. It’s my sister Jane’s   2  (twelve) birthday. It is her   3   (luck) birthday.

 In the morning, my parents take us to Beijing Zoo. We see many animals. Elephants and monkeys are   4   (I) favourite animals. My sister likes dogs best,      5      they don’t live in the zoo. We have a dog at home.

 In the afternoon, my parents have a birthday party for Jane at home. Jane’s friends, Nick nd Ann, come to the party. Nick gives her a pink   6     (女士衬衫). Pink is Jane’s favourite colour. She can wear it     7      her favourite skirt. Ann gives her a dictionary. Jane 8        (like) the presents very much. Now, Jane is 9.             (dance)with her friends. We have 10.f           today.

十四

根据短文内容及所给提示，补全文中单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空。

Li Ming is going to his uncle’s farm. His friend Jack 1.            (be) with him. But they get lost on the way to the farm. They ask 2.            lady for help. The lady is very kind and she 3.          (know) the way. Good luck! They get to the farm 4.            nine o’clock.

There are lots of apple 5.           (tree) on the farm. His uncle and 6.           are picking apples. They 7.            great help from Li Ming and Jack. After lunch they have a short 8.           . Then Jack finds some cows. They look very big. But they are very 9.           (friend). He likes 10.           (they) very much.

十五

根据短文内容，在文中的空白处填写一个正确的词汇。

Ella is my classmate. She (1)_________ from New York, and she lives in Shanghai with her (2)_________ （parent）. Every morning, she (3) __________  (go)to the KFC to have breakfast. Sometimes she buys a hamburger for (4)__________(I). She can’t speak Chinese (5)__________. So in the evening, her father often helps her with it. Her father is a (6)t_________ in our school. He can speak (7)__________ very well.

Ella likes reading Chinese books (8)__________ she wants to know about China. She tries to (9)__________ (talk)with her Chinese friends in Chinese. She says the Chinese are (10)__________(friend) and she is very happy to live in China.

十六

语法填空

In 1990, when I 1________（be）nine years old, I wanted very much to find 2________ pen friend. I found Ashley’s address in a magazine, and decided 3________（write）to her.

I sent off my letter with a little hope. Very quickly, I received her letter. 4________my surprise, Ashley was only one month 5_______（old）than me. I learned some new expressions from her. I 6________（real）liked this new friend.

Letter after letter, year after year, Ashley and I continued to write to one another. A letter would be received and I’d write back right away. We would send each other birthday and Christmas 7________（gift）.

Eight years later, my parents decided it was time 8________ me to meet this friend. They drove me down to Mississippi for a few days. We had a fun time together. We did the things that teenage girls loved to do.

Twenty-five years after the first letter, Ashley and 9 still have an amazing friendship. Although we don’t write letters now, we 10（communicate）through mobile phones and the Internet.