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展开连词(小初考点差异及衔接)
初中要求
1.and的用法2.but的用法3.or的用法4.so的用法5.because的用法
高中要求
1.并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法;
2、常用从属连词的基本用法。
【小学连词考点聚焦】
and的用法
表示添加、补充或引申,是用得较多的并列连词之一,通常用于肯定句中,表示并列关系,译为“和,并且”。如:
I like football and basketball. 我喜欢足球和篮球。
but的用法
表示转折关系,连接双方构成对比,译为“但是”。如:
I like English but Daming likes Chinese. 我喜欢英语,但是大明喜欢语文。
or的用法
表示选择关系,连接双方只取其一,译为“否则”或“或者”。如:
Which season do you like better, spring or summer? 你比较喜欢春天还是夏天?
so的用法
表示因果关系,连接双方互为因果,译为“所以,因此”。如:
It’s getting dark, so I have to go home. 天色渐黑了,所以现在我不得不回家。
because的用法
because表示因果关系,译为“因为”。如:
He came to school late because he got up late. 因为他起床起得晚,所以上学迟到了。
一.用or, and, but, so, because 完成句子。
1. Nick was very tired ________ he was very happy.
2. His father never smokes ________ drinks.
3. He is ill, he can’t go to school.
4. Our classroom is clean ________ tidy.
5. Lucy worked hard at English ________ she got first in the English exam.
6. People can’t live without air ________ water.
7. Hurry up, ________ we will be late.
8. We can’t go out now, it is raining outside.
9. I like drawing, ________ I don’t like singing.
10. I like my mother ________ father.
【答案】1. but 2. or 3. so 4. and 5. so 6. or 7. or 8. because 9. but 10.and
二
1. I don’t like pork ________ beef.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
【答案】B
【解析】否定句表示并列,我不喜欢猪肉也不喜欢牛肉。
2. —Would you like to watch TV tonight?
— I’d like to, ________ I have to do my homework.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
【答案】D
【解析】你今晚想要去看电视吗?我想去,但是我不得不做作业。
3. Put your coat on ________ you will be cold.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
【答案】B
【解析】祈使句中表转折,or否则。穿上你的外套,否则你会冷。
【初中连词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 并列连词的用法
并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的单词、短语以及句子的连词。并列连词主要分为表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系及选择关系的并列连词。
1. 表并列关系的:and(和;同;与);both…and…(……和……都);neither…nor…(既不……也不……);not only…but also…(不但……而且……);as well as(而且;还;又)。
(1)and“和,并且”连接并列关系的项。如:Jim lives and works in Guilin. // Tom and I are good friends.
(2)both …and...“既……又……”。如:Both rice and cotton are grown in south China.
My sister studies both English and Japanese. // Both Lucy and Lily are good students.
(3)neither…nor…“既不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则,即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如:
My father can speak neither English nor Chinese. // Neither you nor he is right. // Tom wants to eat neither apples nor pears.
(4)not only…but also…“不但……而且……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则,即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如:He can play not only basketball but also football. // Not only Peter but also Bob comes here every day.
(5)as well as“而且;还;又”,它连接含有并列主语的句子中,谓语动词应与它前面的主语一致。如:
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。
2、表示转折关系的: but(但;但是;可是);while(然而);yet(然而);however(然而)。
(1)but“但;但是;可是”。如:The woman is old, but she looks very young.
She was very tired, but she kept working till midnight. 她虽然很累了,但还是一直工作到深夜。
(2)yet“然而”。如:My little sister is young, yet she is very clever.
(3)however“然而”。如:Li Lei wanted to Seven Star Park, however he didn’t know the way.
(4)while“然而”。如:He’s a worker while his wife is a doctor. 他是一名工人而他妻子是一名医生。
3、表示选择关系的:or(或;或者;还是;否则;不然);either…or…(或者……或者……;不是……就是……);not…but…(不是……而是……)。
(1)or“或;或者;还是;否则;不然”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则,即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如:You or he is wrong. // You can watch TV or play games at home. // Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
(2)either…or…“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则,即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如:Nick is either in London or in Paris. 尼克不是在伦敦就是在巴黎。
Either you or he is going to do some shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者你或者他去购物。
(3)not…but…(不是……而是……)。如:Ma Lin is not a student but a teacher. 马林不是学生而是老师。
4. 表示因果关系的:so(所以);therefore(因此);for(因为)。
(1)so“因此,所以”。如:I got up late, so I was late for class. // It’s snowing heavily, so I have to stay at home.
(2)therefore“因此,所以”。如:Mr. Wang can’t come here today; therefore you needn’t wait for him.
(3)for“因为”。如:It must be snowing, for it is bright outside.
题组训练 用and,but,or,so,while填空
①Many birds stay in the nature reserve of Zhalong all year round while some only go there for a short stay.
②Keep trying, and you’ll succeed one day.
③Which is easier to learn,Japanese or French?
④It snowed heavily last night, so the ground is covered with snow now.
⑤Tom is a very smart boy, but he never shows off.
考点二 常用从属连词的基本用法
1. 引导状语从句的连词
(1)引导时间状语从句的连词:when, while, as, before, after, until, till, as soon as, since等。时间状语从句和主句的时态关系为:主将从现,主过从过。
① when 意为“当……时”。如:I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. 电话铃响的时候,我正在做作业。
② while 意为“正当……时,正在……时”。在while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常常用进行时;as 意为“正当……时”, as引导的从句中,谓语动词既可用延续性动词,也可用短暂性动词。如:
He fell asleep while/as he was watching TV. 他看着电视睡着了。
As Millie sat down on the sofa, Amy came into the room. 米莉坐在沙发上时,艾米走进了房间。
③ before 意为“在……之前”;after 意为“在……之后”。如:
I’ll wait for you here before you come back. 在你回来前,我会在这儿等你。
④ until 意为“直到……为止”。如:
The child didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来了,这孩子才去睡觉。
⑤ as soon as 意为“一……就……”。如:I’ll call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就会给你打电话。
⑥ since 意为“自从”。如:I have lived in Beijing since I came to China. 自从来到中国以来,我就住在北京。
(2)引导条件状语从句的连词有:if, unless等。如:We’ll be late unless we hurry up. 除非快点儿,否则我们会迟到。
If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the park. 如果明天天气好,我们就去公园。
(3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that(是为了;以便于);in order that(以便于)等。如:
He got up early so that/in order that he could catch the early bus. 他起得很早是为了能赶上早班车。
I spoke loudly in order that everyone in the room could hear me. 我大声说话是为了让屋里的每个人都能听得见。
(4)引导原因状语从句的连词有:because, as, since等。如:She didn’t go to work because she was ill.
【注意】because与so不能同时出现在一个句子中。
(5)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so…that,such…that等。so…that和 such…that 意思均为“如此……以至于……”,so后接形容词或副词,such后接名词或名词性短语,that后接从句。如:
I was so tired that I couldn’t go any further. 我累得走不动了。
Tom is such a clever boy that/so clever a boy that everyone likes him. 汤姆是如此聪明的一个男孩,大家都很喜欢他。
(6)引导让步状语从句的连词有:though, although, even if(=even though)等。如:
The dress looks nice on you though/although it’s out of style. 虽然这件连衣裙过时了,但穿在你身上还是很漂亮。
【注意】though和although不与but连用。
(7)引导比较状语从句的连词有:than, as…as…等。如:He is better at English than I. 他的英语比我好。
I think English is as important as math. 我认为英语和数学同等重要。
2. 引导宾语从句的连词
that(陈述句作宾语,从句由that引导,that无意义,可省略),if/whether(一般疑问句作宾语从句用if或whether引导,意为“是否”)和特殊疑问词(用来引导特殊疑问句所作的宾语从句)。如:
I want to know when you will start. // I’m worried about whether she can come here on time.
1.He could find the way home he was only three years old.
A.though B.because C.where D.if
【答案】A 句意:尽管他只有三岁,但是他可以找到回家的路。本题考查连词的用法。A:尽管;B:因为;C:……的地方;D:如果。由句意可知选A。
2.Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands you eat.
A.until B.after C.while D.before
【答案】D 句意:鲍勃,晚饭准备好了。吃饭前请洗手。本题考查连词。A选项意为“直到……为止”;B选项意为“在……之后”;C选项意为“当……的时候;在……期间”;D选项意为“在……之前”。由句意可知本题选择D。
3.It’s not always safe to pay over the Internet, you should be careful.
A.so B.after C.because D.as soon as
【答案】A 句意:网上支付并不总是安全的,所以你应该小心。本题考查连词的用法。A项意为“因此,所以”,B项意为“在……之后”,C项意为“因为”,D项意为“一……就……”。故用so“因此”符合句意。
4.The actor was happy he got a part in a movie, the part was a small one.
A.since B.while C.though D.unless
【答案】C 句意:这名演员很高兴他在一部电影里饰演了一个角色,尽管是一个小角色。本题考查连词的用法。since自从;while当……时候;though尽管;unless除非。根据语境可知此处引导让步状语从句,故选C项。
5.A stupid man tells a woman to shut up,while a wise man tells her that her mouth is quite beautiful it is closed.
A.unless B.since C.when D.though
【答案】C 句意:愚蠢的男人告诉女人闭嘴,而聪明的男人会告诉她,在她闭着嘴的时候,她的嘴相当漂亮。本题考查连词的用法。unless除非;since既然,自从;when当……的时候;though虽然。根据句意可知,when最合适。
6.My family always go somewhere interesting the holiday begins.
A.as soon as B.so
C.so that D.even though
【答案】A 句意:假期一开始,我的家人总是去某个有趣的地方。as soon as 一……就;so 因此;so that以便;even though虽然,尽管。根据句意可知选择A项。
7.To make your DIY work perfect, you’d better not start you get all the tools ready.
A.when B.while
C.before D.after
【答案】C 句意:为了使你的DIY作品完美点,你最好在你准备好所有工具前不要开始做。本题考查状语从句的引导词。四个备选项都能引导时间状语从句。when当……时;while当……时(从句中需用延续性动词);before在……前;after在……之后。根据句意选C项。
8.There will be less pollution more people use public transportation.
A.but B.though C.unless D.if
【答案】D 句意:如果更多的人使用公共交通运输系统,将会有更少的污染。本题考查连词的用法。but但是;though尽管;unless除非;if如果。根据句意和关键词less,可知选择D项。
常用连词用法区别
1. while, when, as的用法区别:
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。
(1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。如:
As/When/While I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car.
(2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。如:
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
(3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。如:
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
(4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边……一边……”时,最常用as。如:
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry. // She looked behind from time to time as she went
(5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。如:When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
(6)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。如:When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
2. as, because, since, for的用法区别:
这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别。
(1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:
I stayed at home because it rained. // ---- Why aren’t you going? ---- Because I don’t want to.
(2)如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。since比as稍微正式一点as和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him. // Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
(3)for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。如:
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
3. if, whether的用法区别:if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾语从句一般可互换。如:
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school. // I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:
(1)引导主语从句时。如:Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
(2)引导表语从句时。如:The question is whether I can pass the exam.
(3)引导宾语从句时,①在不定式前;②在具有选择意义又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether,而不用if;③宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether;④有时为了强调,将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。如:I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
They are talking about whether to go there or not. // Can you tell me whether or not he will come to our party.
It depends on whether it is going to rain. // Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet.
4. so…that, such...that的用法区别:
(1)so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such...that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。如:I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther. // It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
(2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时,用so,不用such。如:
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. // I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
5. although, but的用法区别:
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.” 这个句子应改为:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
6. because, so的用法区别:
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.
7. and和or的用法区别:
(1)and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。如:
I like bread and milk for breakfast. 我早餐喜欢吃面包,喝牛奶。
I don’t like bread or milk for breakfast. 我早餐不喜欢吃面包,喝牛奶。
Would you like some tea or coffee? 你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?
(2)否定句中两部分都有否定词时用and连接。如:
Bill has no brothers and no sisters.=Bill has no brothers or sisters. 比尔没有兄弟姐妹。
(3)句中含有without时,肯定句中用or,否定句中用and。如:
We can’t live without air and water. 没有空气和水,我们无法生存。
We’ll die without air or water. 没有空气和水,我们就会死亡。
(4)and与or(表示“否则”)都可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换。如:
Get up quickly, or you’ll be late for school.=If you don’t get up quickly, you’ll be late for school.
Work hard, and you’ll get good grades.=If you work hard, you’ll get good grades. 努力学习,你会取得好成绩。
一
1.I really had a good time in the village wished to visit it again.
【答案】and 本题考查连词。空前的had a good time和空后的wished to visit it again之间是并列关系,故填and。
2.My friends I often go to the Science Club together.
【答案】and 句意:我的朋友和我经常一起去科学俱乐部。根据句意可知本空填and。
3.Victoria, hurry up! we can’t arrive there on time.
【答案】Or 句意:维多利亚,快点儿!否则我们不能准时到那儿。本题考查连词。根据句意可知要填Or。
4.Rules are helpful to us, we have to follow them.
【答案】so 句意:规则对我们来说是有帮助的,因此我们必须遵守它们。本题考查连词。so因此,根据句意可知答案。
5.Going to the movies is good, I really only like listening to music.
【答案】but 句意:去看电影是不错,但我真的只喜欢听音乐。本题考查连词。前后分句之间是转折关系,故答案为but。
二
1.Our business won’t improve we offer better services to our customers.
A.because B.unless C.after D.since
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:我们的生意不会改善,除非我们给顾客提供更好的服务。本题考查状语从句。A选项意思为“因为”;B选项意思为“除非”;C选项意思为“在……之后”;D选项意思为“自从……以来”。生意的改善是以提供更好的服务为前提条件的,故用unless,表示条件,引导条件状语从句。
2.Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, he is only four years old.
A.if B.though C.for D.since
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:小杰克已经自己学会了做许多东西,虽然他只有四岁。本题考查状语从句。if如果;though尽管;for因为;since自从……以来。根据题意可知,此处表让步,故选B。
3.You can surf the Internet you want to know about the 2020 World Middle School Games.
A.until B.after C.if
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:如果你想了解关于2020年世界中学生运动会,你可以上网搜索。本题考查状语从句。until“直到……为止”,after“在……之后”,if“如果”。根据句意可知,应选C。
4. it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes.
A.Though B.Unless C.As D.Until
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:由于山里的天气经常很冷,因此你需要穿保暖的衣服。本题考查从属连词的用法。though虽然,引导让步状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句;as由于,引导原因状语从句;until直到,引导时间状语从句。根据题意可知,本题答案为C。
5.—I wonder if our foreign teacher Mr. White to his hometown next Tuesday.
—I’m not sure. But if he returns to his hometown, I him off.
A.returns,see
B.will return,see
C.will return,will see
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——我想知道我们的外教怀特先生下周二是否会回他的家乡。——我不确定。但是如果他回他的家乡,我会去送他。本题考查动词的时态。第一句话中的if意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,故根据时间状语next Tuesday可知本空用一般将来时,故第一个空用will return。最后一句中的if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,故第二个空用will see。故本题选择C。
6.I am really proud of my group we’re always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!
A.because B.though C.unless
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:我真的为我的小组感到自豪,因为我们总是一起讨论和分享学习的诀窍。小组学习是多么重要啊!本题考查连词。because因为;though尽管;unless除非。根据句意可知答案为A项。
7.Julie didn’t leave her office the police arrived.
A.however B.whenever C.while D.until
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:直到警察到了朱莉才离开她的办公室。not...until...意为“直到……才……”,符合题意,故选D。
8.We had to wait half an hour we had already booked a table.
A.or B.once C.although D.as
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:虽然我们已经预订了桌位,但还是不得不等了半个小时。本题考查连词的用法。or或者;once一旦;although虽然;as当……时候。although表示让步关系,符合句意。故选C项。
9.—Does your school hold the raising of the national flag every Monday morning?
—Yes, it rains heavily.
A.if B.since
C.because D.unless
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——你们学校每周一早晨都举行升国旗仪式吗?——是的,除非下大雨。考查连词。if如果;since自从;because因为;unless除非。由句意可知选D。
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