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精品解析：重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测
高二英语试题
(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落):then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a ￡2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to the Guardian, “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.”
Lene Hau
Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2022 be Hau’s year?
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured,and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking (开创性的) work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize for chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1. When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?
A. In 1944. B. In 1967.
C. In 1974. D. In 1980.
2. Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text?
A. Lene Hau.
B. Vera Rubin.
C. Donna Strickland.
D. Jocelyn Bell Burnell.
3. What do we know about the five females?
A. The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.
B. Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.
C. Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Noble Prize for her work.
D All their findings haven’t been recognised by the Nobel.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章从50年来第一位获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性谈起，介绍了另外五位原本有资格获得这个奖项的女科学家。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据Jocelyn Bell Burnell中的“then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967,when she was a PhD student at Cambridge.The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974(当时还是学生的贝尔在1967年发现了第一颗射电脉冲星，当时她还是剑桥大学的博士生。1974年的诺贝尔奖认可了这一具有里程碑意义的发现)”可知，第一个radio pulsars在1967年被发现，被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Lene Hau中的“Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists(常常荣登诺贝尔奖预言榜榜首)”可知，Lene Hau经常被列于诺贝尔奖预测名单上榜首，她最有可能获诺贝尔奖。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第一段总述中的“It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize,but why has it taken so long?We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.(这是55年来第一次有女性获得这个著名的奖项，但为什么花了这么长时间？我们来看看其他五位女性物理学家，无论是过去的还是现在的，她们实际上都配得上这个奖项。)”可知Donna Strickland是50年来第一位获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性，而文中介绍的5位女科学家都应该获得诺贝尔物理学奖，但由于各种原因未能获奖。故选D项。
B
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution -- whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels -- and light rhythms -- to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night -- dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth -- is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way -- the edge of our galaxy -- arching overhead.
4. According to the passage, human beings ________.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
5. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.
A. provide examples of animal protection
B show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
6. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.
A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
7 What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. (而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences (这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处)”和“Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”推知，提到鸟和青蛙是为了表明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being,（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我）”可知，作者认为光污染使得人类迷失了自我，这背离了人类在苍茫宇宙的存在意义。由此推知，人类应当对此进行深刻的检讨和反思。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. (我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光）”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。故“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。
C
In this digital age, people measure their popularity by the number of “likes” and followers they get on social media. But as it turns out, people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity.
Scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took the survey gave details about their age, social interactions, and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial (关系浅表的) friends.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Bruine de Bruin, one of the researchers.
He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.
The results of the study show that the opinion society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be accurate.
“The research shows that older adults’ smaller networks don’t decrease their social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults,” said Bruine de Bruin.
8. According to the study, people tend to be happier when they ______.
A. have friends of huge quantity B. have a small circle of close friends
C. have a lot of followers on social media D. make friends with older people
9. What do we know from paragraph 4?
A. Older people’s friends seem to be of higher quality.
B. Younger people don’t need to make peripheral friends.
C. Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends.
D. Both older and younger people find it hard to make close friends.
10. Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults?
A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Lonely. D. Concerned
11. What is the focus of this article?
A. Different types of friends in one’s life.
B. Changes in people’s happiness levels.
C. Interactions between older and younger people.
D. The relationship between happiness and the quality and quantity of friends.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在拥有的朋友质量高而不是数量多时更快乐。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句提到“The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial（关系浅表的）friends.（研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐。）”可知，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有许多关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.（他发现，老年人的社交圈往往比年轻人小，但社交圈里的人往往与他们更亲近。他还发现，年轻人往往有更大的社交圈，这些社交圈由“外围人”组成——这些人不是他们真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人。这些人对他们的幸福没有影响。）可知，研究发现，尽管较年长的人的社交圈比年轻人小，但圈子里的人往往和他们之间的关系更亲密。由此可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A项 。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Bruine de Bruin的话中的“In fact, older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults（事实上，老年人往往比年轻人更幸福。）”可知，她认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But as it turns out, people are happiest when their friends are high quality - not high quantity.（但事实证明，人们最快乐的时候是他们的朋友质量高，而不是数量多）”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非是其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D项。
D
From composer, musician, and philanthropist(慈善家)Peter Buffett comes, a warm, wise, and inspirational, book that asks, “Which win you choose: the path of least resistance or the path of potentially greatest sailsfaction?”
You may think that with a last name like his, Buffett has enjoyed a life of endless privilege. But the son of billionaire investor Warren Buffett says that the only real inheritance handed down from his parents is a philosophy: Build your own path in life.It is a principle that has allowed him to follow his own passions, establish his own identity, and reap his own successes.
In Life Is What You Make It.Buffett expounds on(阐释)the strong set of values given to him by his trusting and broadminded mother, his hardworking and talented father, and the many life teachers he has met along the way.
Today’s society, Buffett assumes, has begun to replace a work ethic, enjoying what you do, with a wealth ethic, honoring the payoff instead of the process.We confuse privilege with material wealth, character with external validation(认可). Yet, by focusing more on substance and less on reward, we can open doors of opportunity and strive toward a greater sense of fulfillment.In clear and brief terms, Buffett reveals a great truth: Life is random, neither fair nor unfair.
From there it becomes easy to recognize the equal dignity and value of every human life our circumstances may vary but our essence does not. We see that our journey in life rarely follows a straight line but is often met with false starts, crises, and mistakes.How we push through and persevere in these challenging moments is where we begin to create the life Of our dreams—from discovering our vocations to giving back to others.
Personal and instructive, Life Is What You Make It is about challenging your circumstances, taking control of your destiny, and living your life to the fullest.
12. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To describe a famous person.
B. To introduce a book.
C. To talk about what life is about.
D. To discuss how to live a meaningful life.
13. What can we infer about Peter Buffett?
A. His father is very rich.
B. One of his hobbies is music.
C. He achieved success by himself.
D. He wrote the book Life Is What You Make It.
14. What is today’s society like according to Peter Buffett?
A. People are following their interests.
B. People are seeking spiritual enjoyment.
C. People pay more attention to the process.
D. People focus more on the results.
15. Which proverb can best express the main idea of the fifth paragraph?
A. Living without an, aim is like sailing without a compass.
B. Life is full of ups and downs.
C. Where there is a will, there is away.
D. Life isn’t about getting and having, it’s about giving and being.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。沃伦·巴菲特之子彼得·巴菲特通过自己的生活经历探索人生的意义：打造自己的人生道路。这一人生哲学在他的著作《生活由你打造》中有着深刻的体现。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段“In Life Is What You Make It, Buffett expounds on(阐释)the strong set of values given to him by his trusting and broadminded mother, his hardworking and talented father, and the many life teachers he has met along the way.(生活是你自己创造的。巴菲特详细阐述了他信任他人、心胸开阔的母亲、勤奋而有才华的父亲，以及他一路走来遇到的许多人生导师给他带来的强大价值观。)”和最后一段的内容“Personal and instructive, Life Is What You Make It is about challenging your circumstances, taking control of your destiny, and living your life to the fullest.(《生活是你创造的》是一本个人的、有教育意义的书，它是关于挑战你的环境，控制你的命运，充实地过你的生活。)”可知，本文旨在介绍彼得·巴菲特的一本名为Life Is What You Make It的书，故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But the son of billionaire investor Warren Buffett says that the only real inheritance handed down from his parents is a philosophy: Build your own path in life.(但亿万富翁投资者沃伦·巴菲特的儿子说，他从父母那里继承的唯一真正的遗产是一种哲学:开辟自己的人生道路。)”可推知，彼得·巴菲特通过自己打造人生道路获得了成功，而不是利用他父亲的帮助，故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Today’s society, Buffett assumes, has begun to replace a work ethic, enjoying what you do, with a wealth ethic, honoring the payoff instead of the process.(巴菲特认为，今天的社会已经开始用财富伦理取代职业道德，即享受你所做的一切，尊重回报而不是过程。)”可知，彼得·巴菲特认为，今天的社会已经开始用财富伦理取代工作伦理，人们只关注结果而忽视过程，故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据该段第二句“From there it becomes easy to recognize the equal dignity and value of every human life our circumstances may vary but our essence does not.We see that our journey in life rarely follows a straight line but is often met with false starts, crises, and mistakes.How we push through and persevere in these challenging moments is where we begin to create the life Of our dreams—from discovering our vocations to giving back to others.(从这一点出发，我们很容易认识到每个人生命的平等尊严和价值——我们的环境可能会有所不同，但我们的本质是不变的。我们看到，我们的人生旅程很少是一条直线，而是经常遇到错误的开始、危机和错误。我们如何在这些充满挑战的时刻坚持下去，我们就开始创造我们梦想的生活——从发现我们的职业到回馈他人。)”可知，我们的人生之旅很少遵循一条直线，但常会遇到错误的开始、危机和错误，结合本段内容可推断，该段主要说明了人生起伏无常，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
____16____ For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers. Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too.____17____
How does nature boost people’s happiness? Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving. _____18_____ Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests. That’s more proof that going outside is a smart move!
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity? It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. ____19____
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors. _____20_____ From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside.
A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.
B. According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative.
C. What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting.
D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees.
E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off.
F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level.
G. So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是户外活动的好处。
【16题详解】
根据空后的For example可知，空后内容是对该空的举例说明，所以该空为本段的主题句，根据空处所在段落的尾句“Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. (在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐会持续很久，C选项“What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting. (更重要的是，人们从大自然中获得的提升是持久的。)”表述的内容与举例说明中的内容一致，符合语境。故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers.Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. (例如，英国科学家研究了“野外30天”运动的影响。它要求人们在30天内与大自然互动，享受像喂鸟和种花这样的朴实活动。参与者在整个挑战过程中以及之后的几个月里都明显更快乐、更健康。在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来快乐，G选项“So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. (所以，在公园里放松一下有点像给你的大脑放个小长假。)”，是对前面的总结，符合语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据空前“But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving.(但多项研究发现，花时间在大自然中也有一些更令人惊讶的好处，比如提高创造力和解决问题的能力。)”中的multiple studies以及空后句子“Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests.(另一项研究发现，接触大自然有助于人们在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”中的another可知，该空格应该是关于在户外好处的相关研究，A选项“One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.(一项研究表明，人们在为期四天的露营旅行后更善于找出谜题。)”讲述的为一项关于户外好处的研究，符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空格处于尾句可知，该空应为本段的总结，根据空前“Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. (一些科学家认为，花时间在大自然中可以让我们的大脑休息并从精神疲劳中恢复过来。)”可知，户外会让大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来，F选项“This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. (这意味着无论你是在学习还是玩电子游戏，到外面去让你的大脑休息一下可能会帮助你达到一个新的水平。)”中的this means是对空前内容的解释，结合句意可知，F选项内容与空前内容吻合。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside. (从娱乐和锻炼到快乐和创造力，户外活动有很多好处。)”的recreation(娱乐)相关的户外活动为全文首次出现可以推断，此空处应提到相关内容，D选项“Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees. (很多人在外面享受有趣的活动，如游泳、骑自行车或爬树。)”中的fun activity以及其后的举例内容与空后内容一致。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m a college professor teaching people how to think more creatively. Interestingly, this lifetime passion was ____21____ by a casual contest when I was a child.
At a family picnic for employees of the company where my father worked, they held a contest for the children-who could throw a cloth handkerchief the farthest. The first ____22____, the little ones, took mighty wind-ups(挥臂动作), but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and flew to the ground a few ____23____ in front of them. The crowd roared with laughter, and being 13, I didn’t like adults laughing at us.
It was ____24____ that using the same technique would not work. Suppose I ____25____ a rock inside the handkerchief?No, it was “throw a handkerchief”, not “a rock and a handkerchief”. When they inspected it, I’d be ____26____ Suppose I hid a rock in the cloth without tying it. The rock would drive the cloth at least farther than the others, and when they ____27____, people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass. I had a good ____28____ of getting away with it(侥幸逃脱).
However, I didn’t want to win by cheating but to show the adults that a(n) ____29____ could beat others at their own game. I had to make the handkerchief fly like a rock. I ____30____ began tying knot after knot until it was the size of a large rock. I took a long wind-up and threw the ____31____ handkerchief which landed 60 feet away. The laughing ____32____ and everyone was dumbfounded. The ____33____ then ran to fetch it to examine how I’d cheated. ”It’s just the handkerchief,“ he ____34____, holding it up and untying the knots. The adults applauded kindly and I felt proud.
I hadn’t broken the rules, but I had broken the ____35____ ideas, which was the secret to creative thinking.
21. A. awaken B. created C. enhanced D. spread
22. A. students B. throwers C. runners D. tutors
23. A. kilometers B. meters C. inches D. miles
24. A. impossible B. essential C. unclear D. obvious
25. A. tied B. cast C. hid D. drew
26. A. included B. unemployed C. disqualified D. involved
27. A. separated B. disappeared C. combined D. sank
28. A. time B. reason C. chance D. excuse
29. A. baby B. kid C. genius D. adult
30. A. casually B. immediately C. secretly D. eventually
31. A. arrowed B. balled C. light D. soft
32. A. died B. rose C. declined D. doubled
33. A. loser B. judge C. winner D. audience
34. A. responded B. protested C. admitted D. announced
35. A. critical B. modern C. innovative D. conventional
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一名大学教授，教人们如何更有创造性地思考。而这一激情来自作者小时候的一次偶然的比赛。文章详述了该比赛。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，这种一生的激情是在我小时候的一次偶然的比赛中被唤醒的。A.awaken唤醒；B.created创造；C.enhanced加强；D.spread传播。根据上文“I’m a college professor teaching people how to think more creatively. Interestingly, this lifetime passionwas”可知激情被唤醒，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一批投掷者是小孩子们，他们使劲挥动手臂，但当手帕离开他们的手时，它张开了，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。A.students学生；B.throwers投掷者；C.runners跑步者；D.tutors导师。根据上文“they held a contest for the children-who could throw a cloth handkerchief thefarthest”可知，这里指第一批投掷者是扔手帕的小孩子们，应用throwers。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一批投掷者是小孩子们，他们使劲挥动手臂，但当手帕离开他们的手时，它张开了，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。A.kilometers千米；B.meters米；C.inches英寸；D.miles英里。根据上文“but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and flew to the ground”以及后文“The crowd roared with laughter”可知，小孩子扔得并不远，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，用同样的方法是行不通的。A.impossible不可能的；B.essential必不可少的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.obvious明显的。根据上文“The first 2 , the little ones, took mighty wind-ups(挥臂动作), but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and flew to the ground a few 3 in front of them. ”可知很明显，小孩们的投掷方法是行不通的。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：假如我在手帕里绑一块石头呢?A.tied系，绑；B.tried尝试；C.hid隐藏；D.laid放。根据后文“a rock inside the handkerchief. No, it was “throw a handkerchief”, not “a rock and a handkerchief”. ”可知作者首先想到的是在手帕里绑一块石头。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们检查的时候，我就不合格了。A.included包括在内的；B.unemployed失业的；C.disqualified不合格的；D.involved参与。根据上文“No，it was “throw a handkerchief”, not “a rock and a handkerchief””可知，作者开始想的方法违规，所以检查的时候，就不合格了。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这块石头至少会把这块布推得比其他的更远，当它们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛里。A.separated分开；B.disappeared消失；C.combined结合；D.sank下沉。根据后文“people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass”指手帕和石头分开，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛里。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很有可能逃脱惩罚。A.time时间；B.reason原因；C.chance机会；D.excuse借口。结合上文“The rock would drive the cloth at least farther than the others, and when they 7 , people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass.”可知，作者的办法很有可能赢得比赛而不被发现作弊，所以很有可能逃脱惩罚。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我并不想通过作弊来获胜，而是想让大人们知道，一个孩子也可以在自己的游戏中打败别人。A.baby婴儿；B.kid孩子；C.genius天才；D.adult成年人。根据第二段“The crowd roared with laughter, and being 13, I didn’t like adults laughing at us.”可知，事情发生在作者小时候，作者想让大人们知道，一个孩子也可以在自己的游戏中打败别人。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我偷偷地开始一个接一个地打结，直到它变成一块大石头的大小。A.casually随意地；B.immediately立即；C.secretly偷偷地；D. eventually终于。根据第四段中"The 13 then ran to fetch it to examine how I’d cheated."可知，作者是偷偷地打结，才导致后面裁判跑去把它拿来，检查是如何作弊的。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我使劲抡胳膊，把球状手帕扔到60英尺远的地方。A.arrowed带箭头的；B.balled成球状的；C.light轻的，明亮的；D.soft柔软的。根据上文“until it was the size of a large rock”可知，手帕因为打结成了球体。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：笑声消失了，每个人都目瞪口呆。A.died消失；B.rose上升；C.declined下降；D.doubled翻倍。根据前文“threw the 11 handkerchief which landed 60 feet away”以及后文“everyone was dumbfounded”可知，作者扔得太远，大家不笑了，每个人都目瞪口呆。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后裁判跑去把它拿来，检查我是如何作弊的。A.loser失败者；B.judge裁判；C.winner赢家；D.audience观众。根据后文“examine how I’d cheated”可知是裁判检查如何作弊，故也是裁判跑去把它拿来，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是手帕，”他说着举起手帕，解开了结。A.responded回应；B.protested 抗议；C.admitted承认；D.announced宣布。根据前文“The 14 then ran to fetch it to examine how I’d cheated.“ It’s just the handkerchief,” ”可知，裁判宣布了检查结果，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我没有打破规则，但我打破了传统观念，这是创造性思维的秘密。A.critical批评的；B.modern现代的；C.innovative创新的；D.conventional传统的。根据后文“which was the secret to creative thinking”可知，这是创造性思维的秘密，体现了作者打破了传统观念。故选D。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Archaeological (考古的) ____36____(discover) of Changsha wares (陶器) have occurred randomly over the decades, and key findings of kiln (窑) ruins ____37____(make) particularly since 2010. There were not only Tang Dynasty Changsha wares ____38____(unearth), but also some celadons (青瓷) from an even ____39____(early) period.
They’re key witnesses ____40____ the Silk Road on the sea and Sino-foreign exchanges of material culture. Archaeological findings show that Changsha wares were exported to about 30 countries, ____41____(range) from East and Southeast Asian neighbors to North Africa. Craftsmen and workshop owners in Changsha participated in a wave of globalization ____42____ actively explored overseas markets.
____43____(consequent), shapes of Changsha wares were also influenced by foreign elements. Seeing the antiques, we can also understand ____44____ public aesthetics (审美) of their time. They tell _____45_____ was viewed as traditional Chinese beauty.
【答案】36. discoveries
37. have been made
38. unearthed
39. earlier
40. to 41. ranging
42. and 43. Consequently
44. the 45. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长沙陶器的考古发现，包括发现的文物、相关历史和蕴含的意义等信息。
【36题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：几十年来，长沙陶器的考古发现是随机发生的，特别是2010年以来，有了窑遗址的重大发现。分析句子可知，空处被形容词Archaeological修饰，作句子的主语，discover的名词形式discovery符合题意，意为“发现”，可数，结合谓语动词have occurred可知，discovery应用复数形式discoveries。故填discoveries。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：几十年来，长沙陶器的考古发现是随机发生的，特别是2010年以来，有了窑遗址的重大发现。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为since 2010，时态应用现在完成时，谓语动词make和主语key findings之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：出土的长沙陶器不仅有唐代的，还有更早时期的青瓷。分析句子可知，空处作wares的后置定语，是非谓语动词，unearth和wares逻辑上是被动关系，且结合句意可知，动作当时已完成，应用unearth的过去分词形式unearthed。故填unearthed。
【39题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：出土的长沙陶器不仅有唐代的，还有更早时期的青瓷。根据空前“even”修饰比较级可推知，此处表示“更早时期”，空处应用形容词early的比较级形式earlier，意为“更早的”。故填earlier。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：它们是海上丝绸之路和中外物质文化交流的重要见证。根据“witnesses”可推知，此处用固定短语witness to，意为“……的见证者”，空处应用介词to构成该短语。故填to。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：考古发现表明，长沙陶器出口到大约30个国家，从东亚和东南亚邻国到北非。分析句子可知，空处作30 countries的后置定语，是非谓语动词，range和30 countries逻辑上是主动关系，应用range的现在分词形式ranging。故填ranging。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：长沙的工匠和作坊主参与了全球化浪潮，积极开拓海外市场。分析句子可知，空处连接前后两个谓语participated…和explored…，两者之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，长沙陶器的造型也受到了外来元素的影响。分析句子可知，空处修饰整个句子，应用consequent的副词形式consequently，意为“因此，结果”，作状语，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Consequently。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：看到这些古董，我们也可以了解它们那个时代的大众审美。分析句子可知，空处表示特指，指“它们那个时代的大众审美”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：它们讲述的是被视为中国传统美的东西。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句作tell的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 为增强学生体质，你校将在下周举办一次“Love Sports, Love Life ”的体育活动。假定你是学生会主席李华，请你用英文写一篇倡议信，呼吁同学们积极进行体育锻炼。
内容要点包括：
1.活动的目的；
2.进行体育运动的益处；
3.提出倡议，表达期待。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With best wishes.
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear friends,
We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity called Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.
There is no denying that taking exercise is beneficial to us. Firstly, it can help build up our body and keep healthy, thus protecting us from the epidemic flu nowadays. In addition, not only can exercising relieve stress from study, but it can improve our learning efficiency. More importantly, doing sports can build up our confidence and strengthen our willpower, which will have a lasting effect on our life.
It is high time that we got started. Only when we have a healthy body can we live a happy life.
With best wishes.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一拼啊倡议信，呼吁同学们积极进行体育锻炼，以增强体质。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
号召某人做某事：call on sb. to do sth.→appeal to sb. to do sth.
目标：aim→goal
健康的：healthy→fit
此外：in addition→additionally
2.句型拓展
同义句
原句：We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity called Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.
拓展句：We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity which is named Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.
【点睛】[高分句型1]We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity called Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.（运用了whose引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]There is no denying that taking exercise is beneficial to us.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）
[高分句型3]It is high time that we got started.（运用了虚拟语气）
[高分句型4] In addition, not only can exercising relieve stress from study, but it can improve our learning efficiency. （运用了部分倒装）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I’m going to miss you so much, Poppy,” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions(情绪)get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it,” he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month, okay?” His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boy’s mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn’t.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried. “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. “We’ve tried everything.”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom. “Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let’s get a little dog for Poppy.
It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging(摆动)ever so slowly, then faster as she caught the smell.
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已经为你写好。
Paragraph 1
Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. Poppy was amazed. She wagged furiously. She barked with joy. She smiled, her tongue lolling out as she investigated the surprise. The little pup was not shy and immediately starting yipping and jumping around the older dog. “That didn’t take long,” remarked Mom, as both dogs went roaring around the house in an impromptu game of chase. Dad laughed.
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. He had missed Poppy and was looking forward to seeing her. When he bent down to give her a big hug, he fell over in surprise as a small golden cloud came racing up to lick his face too. “Oh my gosh, who is this?” he exclaimed. His parents laughed at the look of shock on his face. “That’s Pee-wee,” said Dad. “I can’t believe you got yourselves a puppy!” “We didn’t,” replied Mom. “This puppy is for Poppy!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以小动物为线索展开，讲述了男孩上大学临走前，跟自己心爱的狗狗Poppy和父母拥抱告别。男孩离开家之后，Poppy心情很郁闷以至于对身边的一切都不感兴趣，父母很担心Poppy的状态，想要做一些事情让她开心起来，最终决定给Poppy买一只小狗。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“爸爸打开盒子，一只可爱的小狗出现了。”可知，第一段可描写Poppy见到新小狗的反应以及两只狗之间的友好互动。
②由第二段首句内容“几个星期后，男孩从大学回到家。”可知，第二段可描写男孩回家后热情拥抱Poppy以及见到新的小狗的反应。
2.续写线索：父亲打开盒子——新小狗出现——Poppy很惊讶，仔细打量——两只狗热情互动——男孩回家——期待见到Poppy——惊讶地发现新小狗——询问父母缘由
3.词汇激活
行为类
①研究：investigate/explore
②惊叫：exclaim/shout/yell
③嘲笑：laugh at/make fun of
④回应：reply/respond
情绪类
①惊讶的：amazed/surprised
②猛烈地：furiously/heavily/strongly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She smiled, her tongue lolling out as she investigated the surprise. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. When he bent down to give her a big hug, he fell over in surprise as a small golden cloud came racing up to lick his face too.(运用了when引导时间状语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测
高二英语试题
(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落):then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a ￡2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to the Guardian, “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.”
Lene Hau
Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2022 be Hau’s year?
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured,and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking (开创性的) work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize for chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1. When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?
A. In 1944. B. In 1967.
C. In 1974. D. In 1980.
2. Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text?
A. Lene Hau.
B. Vera Rubin.
C. Donna Strickland.
D. Jocelyn Bell Burnell.
3. What do we know about the five females?
A. The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.
B. Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.
C. Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Noble Prize for her work.
D All their findings haven’t been recognised by the Nobel.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章从50年来第一位获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性谈起，介绍了另外五位原本有资格获得这个奖项的女科学家。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据Jocelyn Bell Burnell中的“then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967,when she was a PhD student at Cambridge.The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974(当时还是学生的贝尔在1967年发现了第一颗射电脉冲星，当时她还是剑桥大学的博士生。1974年的诺贝尔奖认可了这一具有里程碑意义的发现)”可知，第一个radio pulsars在1967年被发现，被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Lene Hau中的“Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists(常常荣登诺贝尔奖预言榜榜首)”可知，Lene Hau经常被列于诺贝尔奖预测名单上榜首，她最有可能获诺贝尔奖。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第一段总述中的“It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize,but why has it taken so long?We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.(这是55年来第一次有女性获得这个著名的奖项，但为什么花了这么长时间？我们来看看其他五位女性物理学家，无论是过去的还是现在的，她们实际上都配得上这个奖项。)”可知Donna Strickland是50年来第一位获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性，而文中介绍的5位女科学家都应该获得诺贝尔物理学奖，但由于各种原因未能获奖。故选D项。
B
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution -- whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels -- and light rhythms -- to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night -- dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth -- is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way -- the edge of our galaxy -- arching overhead.
4. According to the passage, human beings ________.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
5. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.
A. provide examples of animal protection
B show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
6. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.
A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
7 What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. (而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences (这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处)”和“Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”推知，提到鸟和青蛙是为了表明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being,（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我）”可知，作者认为光污染使得人类迷失了自我，这背离了人类在苍茫宇宙的存在意义。由此推知，人类应当对此进行深刻的检讨和反思。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. (我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光）”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。故“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。
C
In this digital age, people measure their popularity by the number of “likes” and followers they get on social media. But as it turns out, people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity.
Scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took the survey gave details about their age, social interactions, and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial (关系浅表的) friends.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Bruine de Bruin, one of the researchers.
He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.
The results of the study show that the opinion society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be accurate.
“The research shows that older adults’ smaller networks don’t decrease their social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults,” said Bruine de Bruin.
8. According to the study, people tend to be happier when they ______.
A. have friends of huge quantity B. have a small circle of close friends
C. have a lot of followers on social media D. make friends with older people
9. What do we know from paragraph 4?
A. Older people’s friends seem to be of higher quality.
B. Younger people don’t need to make peripheral friends.
C. Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends.
D. Both older and younger people find it hard to make close friends.
10. Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults?
A. Sad. B. Happy. C. Lonely. D. Concerned
11. What is the focus of this article?
A. Different types of friends in one’s life.
B. Changes in people’s happiness levels.
C. Interactions between older and younger people.
D. The relationship between happiness and the quality and quantity of friends.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在拥有的朋友质量高而不是数量多时更快乐。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句提到“The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial（关系浅表的）friends.（研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐。）”可知，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有许多关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them. He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of “peripheral(次要的) others”— people who are not their true friends, but just the ones they know. These people had no influence on their happiness.（他发现，老年人的社交圈往往比年轻人小，但社交圈里的人往往与他们更亲近。他还发现，年轻人往往有更大的社交圈，这些社交圈由“外围人”组成——这些人不是他们真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人。这些人对他们的幸福没有影响。）可知，研究发现，尽管较年长的人的社交圈比年轻人小，但圈子里的人往往和他们之间的关系更亲密。由此可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A项 。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Bruine de Bruin的话中的“In fact, older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults（事实上，老年人往往比年轻人更幸福。）”可知，她认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But as it turns out, people are happiest when their friends are high quality - not high quantity.（但事实证明，人们最快乐的时候是他们的朋友质量高，而不是数量多）”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非是其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D项。
D
From composer, musician, and philanthropist(慈善家)Peter Buffett comes, a warm, wise, and inspirational, book that asks, “Which win you choose: the path of least resistance or the path of potentially greatest sailsfaction?”
You may think that with a last name like his, Buffett has enjoyed a life of endless privilege. But the son of billionaire investor Warren Buffett says that the only real inheritance handed down from his parents is a philosophy: Build your own path in life.It is a principle that has allowed him to follow his own passions, establish his own identity, and reap his own successes.
In Life Is What You Make It.Buffett expounds on(阐释)the strong set of values given to him by his trusting and broadminded mother, his hardworking and talented father, and the many life teachers he has met along the way.
Today’s society, Buffett assumes, has begun to replace a work ethic, enjoying what you do, with a wealth ethic, honoring the payoff instead of the process.We confuse privilege with material wealth, character with external validation(认可). Yet, by focusing more on substance and less on reward, we can open doors of opportunity and strive toward a greater sense of fulfillment.In clear and brief terms, Buffett reveals a great truth: Life is random, neither fair nor unfair.
From there it becomes easy to recognize the equal dignity and value of every human life our circumstances may vary but our essence does not. We see that our journey in life rarely follows a straight line but is often met with false starts, crises, and mistakes.How we push through and persevere in these challenging moments is where we begin to create the life Of our dreams—from discovering our vocations to giving back to others.
Personal and instructive, Life Is What You Make It is about challenging your circumstances, taking control of your destiny, and living your life to the fullest.
12. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To describe a famous person.
B. To introduce a book.
C. To talk about what life is about.
D. To discuss how to live a meaningful life.
13. What can we infer about Peter Buffett?
A. His father is very rich.
B. One of his hobbies is music.
C. He achieved success by himself.
D. He wrote the book Life Is What You Make It.
14. What is today’s society like according to Peter Buffett?
A. People are following their interests.
B. People are seeking spiritual enjoyment.
C. People pay more attention to the process.
D. People focus more on the results.
15. Which proverb can best express the main idea of the fifth paragraph?
A. Living without an, aim is like sailing without a compass.
B. Life is full of ups and downs.
C. Where there is a will, there is away.
D. Life isn’t about getting and having, it’s about giving and being.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。沃伦·巴菲特之子彼得·巴菲特通过自己的生活经历探索人生的意义：打造自己的人生道路。这一人生哲学在他的著作《生活由你打造》中有着深刻的体现。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段“In Life Is What You Make It, Buffett expounds on(阐释)the strong set of values given to him by his trusting and broadminded mother, his hardworking and talented father, and the many life teachers he has met along the way.(生活是你自己创造的。巴菲特详细阐述了他信任他人、心胸开阔的母亲、勤奋而有才华的父亲，以及他一路走来遇到的许多人生导师给他带来的强大价值观。)”和最后一段的内容“Personal and instructive, Life Is What You Make It is about challenging your circumstances, taking control of your destiny, and living your life to the fullest.(《生活是你创造的》是一本个人的、有教育意义的书，它是关于挑战你的环境，控制你的命运，充实地过你的生活。)”可知，本文旨在介绍彼得·巴菲特的一本名为Life Is What You Make It的书，故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But the son of billionaire investor Warren Buffett says that the only real inheritance handed down from his parents is a philosophy: Build your own path in life.(但亿万富翁投资者沃伦·巴菲特的儿子说，他从父母那里继承的唯一真正的遗产是一种哲学:开辟自己的人生道路。)”可推知，彼得·巴菲特通过自己打造人生道路获得了成功，而不是利用他父亲的帮助，故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Today’s society, Buffett assumes, has begun to replace a work ethic, enjoying what you do, with a wealth ethic, honoring the payoff instead of the process.(巴菲特认为，今天的社会已经开始用财富伦理取代职业道德，即享受你所做的一切，尊重回报而不是过程。)”可知，彼得·巴菲特认为，今天的社会已经开始用财富伦理取代工作伦理，人们只关注结果而忽视过程，故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据该段第二句“From there it becomes easy to recognize the equal dignity and value of every human life our circumstances may vary but our essence does not.We see that our journey in life rarely follows a straight line but is often met with false starts, crises, and mistakes.How we push through and persevere in these challenging moments is where we begin to create the life Of our dreams—from discovering our vocations to giving back to others.(从这一点出发，我们很容易认识到每个人生命的平等尊严和价值——我们的环境可能会有所不同，但我们的本质是不变的。我们看到，我们的人生旅程很少是一条直线，而是经常遇到错误的开始、危机和错误。我们如何在这些充满挑战的时刻坚持下去，我们就开始创造我们梦想的生活——从发现我们的职业到回馈他人。)”可知，我们的人生之旅很少遵循一条直线，但常会遇到错误的开始、危机和错误，结合本段内容可推断，该段主要说明了人生起伏无常，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
____16____ For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers. Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too.____17____
How does nature boost people’s happiness? Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving. _____18_____ Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests. That’s more proof that going outside is a smart move!
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity? It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. ____19____
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors. _____20_____ From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside.
A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.
B. According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative.
C. What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting.
D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees.
E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off.
F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level.
G. So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是户外活动的好处。
【16题详解】
根据空后的For example可知，空后内容是对该空的举例说明，所以该空为本段的主题句，根据空处所在段落的尾句“Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. (在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐会持续很久，C选项“What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting. (更重要的是，人们从大自然中获得的提升是持久的。)”表述的内容与举例说明中的内容一致，符合语境。故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers.Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. (例如，英国科学家研究了“野外30天”运动的影响。它要求人们在30天内与大自然互动，享受像喂鸟和种花这样的朴实活动。参与者在整个挑战过程中以及之后的几个月里都明显更快乐、更健康。在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来快乐，G选项“So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. (所以，在公园里放松一下有点像给你的大脑放个小长假。)”，是对前面的总结，符合语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据空前“But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving.(但多项研究发现，花时间在大自然中也有一些更令人惊讶的好处，比如提高创造力和解决问题的能力。)”中的multiple studies以及空后句子“Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests.(另一项研究发现，接触大自然有助于人们在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”中的another可知，该空格应该是关于在户外好处的相关研究，A选项“One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.(一项研究表明，人们在为期四天的露营旅行后更善于找出谜题。)”讲述的为一项关于户外好处的研究，符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空格处于尾句可知，该空应为本段的总结，根据空前“Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. (一些科学家认为，花时间在大自然中可以让我们的大脑休息并从精神疲劳中恢复过来。)”可知，户外会让大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来，F选项“This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. (这意味着无论你是在学习还是玩电子游戏，到外面去让你的大脑休息一下可能会帮助你达到一个新的水平。)”中的this means是对空前内容的解释，结合句意可知，F选项内容与空前内容吻合。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside. (从娱乐和锻炼到快乐和创造力，户外活动有很多好处。)”的recreation(娱乐)相关的户外活动为全文首次出现可以推断，此空处应提到相关内容，D选项“Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees. (很多人在外面享受有趣的活动，如游泳、骑自行车或爬树。)”中的fun activity以及其后的举例内容与空后内容一致。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m a college professor teaching people how to think more creatively. Interestingly, this lifetime passion was ____21____ by a casual contest when I was a child.
At a family picnic for employees of the company where my father worked, they held a contest for the children-who could throw a cloth handkerchief the farthest. The first ____22____, the little ones, took mighty wind-ups(挥臂动作), but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and flew to the ground a few ____23____ in front of them. The crowd roared with laughter, and being 13, I didn’t like adults laughing at us.
It was ____24____ that using the same technique would not work. Suppose I ____25____ a rock inside the handkerchief?No, it was “throw a handkerchief”, not “a rock and a handkerchief”. When they inspected it, I’d be ____26____ Suppose I hid a rock in the cloth without tying it. The rock would drive the cloth at least farther than the others, and when they ____27____, people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass. I had a good ____28____ of getting away with it(侥幸逃脱).
However, I didn’t want to win by cheating but to show the adults that a(n) ____29____ could beat others at their own game. I had to make the handkerchief fly like a rock. I ____30____ began tying knot after knot until it was the size of a large rock. I took a long wind-up and threw the ____31____ handkerchief which landed 60 feet away. The laughing ____32____ and everyone was dumbfounded. The ____33____ then ran to fetch it to examine how I’d cheated. ”It’s just the handkerchief,“ he ____34____, holding it up and untying the knots. The adults applauded kindly and I felt proud.
I hadn’t broken the rules, but I had broken the ____35____ ideas, which was the secret to creative thinking.
21. A. awaken B. created C. enhanced D. spread
22. A. students B. throwers C. runners D. tutors
23. A. kilometers B. meters C. inches D. miles
24. A. impossible B. essential C. unclear D. obvious
25. A. tied B. cast C. hid D. drew
26. A. included B. unemployed C. disqualified D. involved
27. A. separated B. disappeared C. combined D. sank
28. A. time B. reason C. chance D. excuse
29. A. baby B. kid C. genius D. adult
30. A. casually B. immediately C. secretly D. eventually
31. A. arrowed B. balled C. light D. soft
32. A. died B. rose C. declined D. doubled
33. A. loser B. judge C. winner D. audience
34. A. responded B. protested C. admitted D. announced
35. A. critical B. modern C. innovative D. conventional
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一名大学教授，教人们如何更有创造性地思考。而这一激情来自作者小时候的一次偶然的比赛。文章详述了该比赛。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，这种一生的激情是在我小时候的一次偶然的比赛中被唤醒的。A.awaken唤醒；B.created创造；C.enhanced加强；D.spread传播。根据上文“I’m a college professor teaching people how to think more creatively. Interestingly, this lifetime passionwas”可知激情被唤醒，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一批投掷者是小孩子们，他们使劲挥动手臂，但当手帕离开他们的手时，它张开了，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。A.students学生；B.throwers投掷者；C.runners跑步者；D.tutors导师。根据上文“they held a contest for the children-who could throw a cloth handkerchief thefarthest”可知，这里指第一批投掷者是扔手帕的小孩子们，应用throwers。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一批投掷者是小孩子们，他们使劲挥动手臂，但当手帕离开他们的手时，它张开了，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。A.kilometers千米；B.meters米；C.inches英寸；D.miles英里。根据上文“but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and flew to the ground”以及后文“The crowd roared with laughter”可知，小孩子扔得并不远，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，用同样的方法是行不通的。A.impossible不可能的；B.essential必不可少的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.obvious明显的。根据上文“The first 2 , the little ones, took mighty wind-ups(挥臂动作), but when the cloth left their hands, it opened and flew to the ground a few 3 in front of them. ”可知很明显，小孩们的投掷方法是行不通的。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：假如我在手帕里绑一块石头呢?A.tied系，绑；B.tried尝试；C.hid隐藏；D.laid放。根据后文“a rock inside the handkerchief. No, it was “throw a handkerchief”, not “a rock and a handkerchief”. ”可知作者首先想到的是在手帕里绑一块石头。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们检查的时候，我就不合格了。A.included包括在内的；B.unemployed失业的；C.disqualified不合格的；D.involved参与。根据上文“No，it was “throw a handkerchief”, not “a rock and a handkerchief””可知，作者开始想的方法违规，所以检查的时候，就不合格了。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这块石头至少会把这块布推得比其他的更远，当它们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛里。A.separated分开；B.disappeared消失；C.combined结合；D.sank下沉。根据后文“people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass”指手帕和石头分开，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛里。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很有可能逃脱惩罚。A.time时间；B.reason原因；C.chance机会；D.excuse借口。结合上文“The rock would drive the cloth at least farther than the others, and when they 7 , people might not notice a small rock landing in the grass.”可知，作者的办法很有可能赢得比赛而不被发现作弊，所以很有可能逃脱惩罚。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我并不想通过作弊来获胜，而是想让大人们知道，一个孩子也可以在自己的游戏中打败别人。A.baby婴儿；B.kid孩子；C.genius天才；D.adult成年人。根据第二段“The crowd roared with laughter, and being 13, I didn’t like adults laughing at us.”可知，事情发生在作者小时候，作者想让大人们知道，一个孩子也可以在自己的游戏中打败别人。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我偷偷地开始一个接一个地打结，直到它变成一块大石头的大小。A.casually随意地；B.immediately立即；C.secretly偷偷地；D. eventually终于。根据第四段中"The 13 then ran to fetch it to examine how I’d cheated."可知，作者是偷偷地打结，才导致后面裁判跑去把它拿来，检查是如何作弊的。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我使劲抡胳膊，把球状手帕扔到60英尺远的地方。A.arrowed带箭头的；B.balled成球状的；C.light轻的，明亮的；D.soft柔软的。根据上文“until it was the size of a large rock”可知，手帕因为打结成了球体。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：笑声消失了，每个人都目瞪口呆。A.died消失；B.rose上升；C.declined下降；D.doubled翻倍。根据前文“threw the 11 handkerchief which landed 60 feet away”以及后文“everyone was dumbfounded”可知，作者扔得太远，大家不笑了，每个人都目瞪口呆。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后裁判跑去把它拿来，检查我是如何作弊的。A.loser失败者；B.judge裁判；C.winner赢家；D.audience观众。根据后文“examine how I’d cheated”可知是裁判检查如何作弊，故也是裁判跑去把它拿来，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是手帕，”他说着举起手帕，解开了结。A.responded回应；B.protested 抗议；C.admitted承认；D.announced宣布。根据前文“The 14 then ran to fetch it to examine how I’d cheated.“ It’s just the handkerchief,” ”可知，裁判宣布了检查结果，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我没有打破规则，但我打破了传统观念，这是创造性思维的秘密。A.critical批评的；B.modern现代的；C.innovative创新的；D.conventional传统的。根据后文“which was the secret to creative thinking”可知，这是创造性思维的秘密，体现了作者打破了传统观念。故选D。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Archaeological (考古的) ____36____(discover) of Changsha wares (陶器) have occurred randomly over the decades, and key findings of kiln (窑) ruins ____37____(make) particularly since 2010. There were not only Tang Dynasty Changsha wares ____38____(unearth), but also some celadons (青瓷) from an even ____39____(early) period.
They’re key witnesses ____40____ the Silk Road on the sea and Sino-foreign exchanges of material culture. Archaeological findings show that Changsha wares were exported to about 30 countries, ____41____(range) from East and Southeast Asian neighbors to North Africa. Craftsmen and workshop owners in Changsha participated in a wave of globalization ____42____ actively explored overseas markets.
____43____(consequent), shapes of Changsha wares were also influenced by foreign elements. Seeing the antiques, we can also understand ____44____ public aesthetics (审美) of their time. They tell _____45_____ was viewed as traditional Chinese beauty.
【答案】36. discoveries
37. have been made
38. unearthed
39. earlier
40. to 41. ranging
42. and 43. Consequently
44. the 45. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长沙陶器的考古发现，包括发现的文物、相关历史和蕴含的意义等信息。
【36题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：几十年来，长沙陶器的考古发现是随机发生的，特别是2010年以来，有了窑遗址的重大发现。分析句子可知，空处被形容词Archaeological修饰，作句子的主语，discover的名词形式discovery符合题意，意为“发现”，可数，结合谓语动词have occurred可知，discovery应用复数形式discoveries。故填discoveries。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：几十年来，长沙陶器的考古发现是随机发生的，特别是2010年以来，有了窑遗址的重大发现。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为since 2010，时态应用现在完成时，谓语动词make和主语key findings之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been made。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：出土的长沙陶器不仅有唐代的，还有更早时期的青瓷。分析句子可知，空处作wares的后置定语，是非谓语动词，unearth和wares逻辑上是被动关系，且结合句意可知，动作当时已完成，应用unearth的过去分词形式unearthed。故填unearthed。
【39题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：出土的长沙陶器不仅有唐代的，还有更早时期的青瓷。根据空前“even”修饰比较级可推知，此处表示“更早时期”，空处应用形容词early的比较级形式earlier，意为“更早的”。故填earlier。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：它们是海上丝绸之路和中外物质文化交流的重要见证。根据“witnesses”可推知，此处用固定短语witness to，意为“……的见证者”，空处应用介词to构成该短语。故填to。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：考古发现表明，长沙陶器出口到大约30个国家，从东亚和东南亚邻国到北非。分析句子可知，空处作30 countries的后置定语，是非谓语动词，range和30 countries逻辑上是主动关系，应用range的现在分词形式ranging。故填ranging。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：长沙的工匠和作坊主参与了全球化浪潮，积极开拓海外市场。分析句子可知，空处连接前后两个谓语participated…和explored…，两者之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，长沙陶器的造型也受到了外来元素的影响。分析句子可知，空处修饰整个句子，应用consequent的副词形式consequently，意为“因此，结果”，作状语，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Consequently。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：看到这些古董，我们也可以了解它们那个时代的大众审美。分析句子可知，空处表示特指，指“它们那个时代的大众审美”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：它们讲述的是被视为中国传统美的东西。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句作tell的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 为增强学生体质，你校将在下周举办一次“Love Sports, Love Life ”的体育活动。假定你是学生会主席李华，请你用英文写一篇倡议信，呼吁同学们积极进行体育锻炼。
内容要点包括：
1.活动的目的；
2.进行体育运动的益处；
3.提出倡议，表达期待。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With best wishes.
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear friends,
We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity called Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.
There is no denying that taking exercise is beneficial to us. Firstly, it can help build up our body and keep healthy, thus protecting us from the epidemic flu nowadays. In addition, not only can exercising relieve stress from study, but it can improve our learning efficiency. More importantly, doing sports can build up our confidence and strengthen our willpower, which will have a lasting effect on our life.
It is high time that we got started. Only when we have a healthy body can we live a happy life.
With best wishes.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一拼啊倡议信，呼吁同学们积极进行体育锻炼，以增强体质。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
号召某人做某事：call on sb. to do sth.→appeal to sb. to do sth.
目标：aim→goal
健康的：healthy→fit
此外：in addition→additionally
2.句型拓展
同义句
原句：We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity called Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.
拓展句：We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity which is named Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.
【点睛】[高分句型1]We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity called Love Sports, Love Life, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise.（运用了whose引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]There is no denying that taking exercise is beneficial to us.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）
[高分句型3]It is high time that we got started.（运用了虚拟语气）
[高分句型4] In addition, not only can exercising relieve stress from study, but it can improve our learning efficiency. （运用了部分倒装）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I’m going to miss you so much, Poppy,” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions(情绪)get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it,” he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month, okay?” His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boy’s mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn’t.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried. “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. “We’ve tried everything.”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom. “Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let’s get a little dog for Poppy.
It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging(摆动)ever so slowly, then faster as she caught the smell.
注意：
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已经为你写好。
Paragraph 1
Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. Poppy was amazed. She wagged furiously. She barked with joy. She smiled, her tongue lolling out as she investigated the surprise. The little pup was not shy and immediately starting yipping and jumping around the older dog. “That didn’t take long,” remarked Mom, as both dogs went roaring around the house in an impromptu game of chase. Dad laughed.
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. He had missed Poppy and was looking forward to seeing her. When he bent down to give her a big hug, he fell over in surprise as a small golden cloud came racing up to lick his face too. “Oh my gosh, who is this?” he exclaimed. His parents laughed at the look of shock on his face. “That’s Pee-wee,” said Dad. “I can’t believe you got yourselves a puppy!” “We didn’t,” replied Mom. “This puppy is for Poppy!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以小动物为线索展开，讲述了男孩上大学临走前，跟自己心爱的狗狗Poppy和父母拥抱告别。男孩离开家之后，Poppy心情很郁闷以至于对身边的一切都不感兴趣，父母很担心Poppy的状态，想要做一些事情让她开心起来，最终决定给Poppy买一只小狗。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“爸爸打开盒子，一只可爱的小狗出现了。”可知，第一段可描写Poppy见到新小狗的反应以及两只狗之间的友好互动。
②由第二段首句内容“几个星期后，男孩从大学回到家。”可知，第二段可描写男孩回家后热情拥抱Poppy以及见到新的小狗的反应。
2.续写线索：父亲打开盒子——新小狗出现——Poppy很惊讶，仔细打量——两只狗热情互动——男孩回家——期待见到Poppy——惊讶地发现新小狗——询问父母缘由
3.词汇激活
行为类
①研究：investigate/explore
②惊叫：exclaim/shout/yell
③嘲笑：laugh at/make fun of
④回应：reply/respond
情绪类
①惊讶的：amazed/surprised
②猛烈地：furiously/heavily/strongly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She smiled, her tongue lolling out as she investigated the surprise. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. When he bent down to give her a big hug, he fell over in surprise as a small golden cloud came racing up to lick his face too.(运用了when引导时间状语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
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