高中英语高考英汉翻译时中文与英文的主语选择问题

高考英语英汉翻译中文与英文主语选择 1.英美人说It是谁，说不清楚，表示天气、时间、距离和度量等，无词义，只是用它来占一下主语的位置。下雨了。译文：It’s raining.10点了。译文：It’s ten o’clock.2. IT做形式主语的情况英语初学者犯这样的错误是很正常的(natural)译文：It is quite natural for English beginners to make such a mistake.我们有必要开会讨论这个问题。译文：It is necessary for us to hold a meeting to discuss the problem熬夜没有好处。It’s no good sitting up too late.很显然，他读过这本书。It is quite clear that he has read the book. 3.汉语用地名、时间、工具等作主语很普遍,而英语中由于它们不是主要消息，往往处理成状语等成分。昨天沈阳下雨了。It rained in Shenyang yesterday.明年将出版更多的儿童读物。More books for children will be published next year.这几天不能上学。These days can’t go to school.(F)I can't go to school these days.夏天是很难保存食物的。Summer is difficult to preserve food.(F)It’s difficult to preserve food in summer.)他英语说的好。His English speaks good.( F)He speaks good English.读书可以增长知识。Reading can acquire knowledge. （F）Through reading one can acquire knowledge.骑自行车是一种很好的上学方式。By bike is a good way to go to school.(F)It is a good way to go to school by bike.几乎每天都有电视。Almost every day have TV. (F)There is TV almost every day.我们穿的鞋是用塑料做的。We wear the shoes are made of plastics.(F)The shoes we wear are made of plastics.昨天你看到的那个人是他父亲。Yesterday you saw the man is his father.The man you saw yesterday is his father.4.汉语句子的主语与英文句子主语不能直接对应时，可从中挑出恰当词做英文句子的主语。我的家乡发生了很大的变化。Great changes have taken place in my home town.水果蔬菜吃得越多，对你的健康就越有好处。(the more…,the more…)The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the more good they will do to your health.中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。China has a long history in her diet culture.这几天心情颇不平静。I have felt quite upset recently.学习英语要循环渐进( step )We should learn English step by step.我的英语进步了。I have made progress in English.他当教师比我强。He is a better teacher than I.我很担心你的身体，希望你身体尽快回复。（your body误用）I am very worried about your health and I hope you can recover soon.我身体健康。My body is healthy.（F）→I am in good condition.我认识到自己的口语很薄弱。I realize that my spoken English is very weak.(F) → I realize that I'm very weak in spoken English.5.汉语习惯人做主语，英语习惯施事者常常是物，中国人觉得很别扭。我没有注意到这个错误。I did not notice the mistake.The mistake escaped me. （说明：原译也可以，改译是英语的习惯用法，汉语没有这种说法。）我现在想不起他的名字。I can’t remember his name.His name escapes me for the moment.我昨天收到你的信。I received your letter yesterday.Your letter reached me yesterday.我从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。I never thought that he was a dishonest man.It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.如果他发生了什么意外,请通知我。If anything happened to him, et me know.一闻到那些花香,我就回忆起我的童年。The smell of those flowers reminds me of my childhood.