高中英语高考高频考点讲解（时间状语从句+祈使句的被动态+动名词的运用）

高考英语高频考点讲解一、时间状语从句1.我们在看到这款新型机器之前早就听说过它了。(before)We had heard about this new type of machine long before we saw it.2.过了三个月她才意识到被朋友耍了。(before)时间状语从句It was three months later before she realized that she was fooled by her friends.此句汉语提示词如改成(until),则可译成:She didn’t realize that she was fooled by her friends until three months later.3.让我们把全部内容讨论一下再做最后的决定。(before)Let's talk all this over /discuss all this again before we make a final decision4.昨夜我正在做梦时被一声巨响吵醒。(when)Last night I was dreaming when I was awakened/woken up by a tremendous great noise.此句可能会译成:Last night I was awakened/ woken up by a tremendous/great noise when I was dreaming两句侧重点不同,但皆属正确译句。5.他正要对我说出秘密,这时有人拍了一下他的肩膀。(when)He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder6.布来克先生直到年老多病才从监狱放出来。(until)Mr. Black wasn’t set free from prison until he was old and sick.此句也可译成以 It 起句的强调句式:It was not until he was old and sick that Mr. Black was set free from prison.7.一旦他打定注意，我将无法影响他。(once)I won't have any influence on him/influence him once has made up his mind.8.当医生到达时，小男孩已能站起来了。(by the time)By the time the doctors arrived, the little boy was able to stand up.表示过去成功做成一件事的能力，不用could,而用 be able to，相当于manage to(do)。9.太阳刚开始露脸,天又阴沉下来。(no sooner...than)The sun had no sooner started to shine than it was clouded over again.如将no sooner前置则成倒装句,虽也应看成正确句,但通常要求提示词首字母大写。No sooner had the sun started to shine than it was clouded over again.10.我一见到他就知道我们的实验没有希望了。(the moment)The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope for our experiment.11.大多数动物第一次下水就会游泳。(the first time)Most animals can/are able to swim the first time they go into water.12.他出现在台上,就赢得一片热烈的掌声。(as soon as)As soon as he appeared on the stage, he was given a warm applause.13.飞机起飞时，老人突发心脏病。(while)The old man had a heart attack while the plane was taking off.14.他每次来总是给我们讲一些趣事。(every time)Every time he comes, he always tells us something interesting.15.他刚到达北京就听到祖母去世的消息。(Hardly)Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he learnt/heard that her grandma had died.16.你一旦养成坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(once)Once you form/get into a bad habit, it’s very difficult to get rid of /get out of it17.直到被送进手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not…until)He didn't realize the importance of observing/following/keeping/carrying out the traffic regulations/rules until he was sent into the operating room18.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻欣喜万分。(the moment)The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.19.经历了多次严重自然灾害后，人们才逐渐意识到植树造林的重要性。(until)People didn’t come to realize the importance of planting trees until they(had) experienced a number of serious natural disasters 二、祈使句的被动态（1）肯定祈使句的被动语态结构为：let+宾语+be+过去分词（2）否定祈使句的被动语态结构为：don’t let+宾语+be+过去分词= let+宾语+not+be+过去分词eg. Let us do it at once. (Let it be done at once.)Don’t forget to water the flowers. (Let it not be forgotten to water the flowers.=Don’t let the flowers be forgotten to be watered.) Note:1.疑问代词作主语时，改为被动语态要用“By+特殊疑问句”结构 eg. Who invented the machine?  (By whom was the machine invented?)2.疑问代词作宾语时，改为被动语态要用疑问代词作主语 eg. What have you done to improve the quality? ( What has been done by you to improve the quality?)3.反问疑问词改为被动语态时，把宾语改为主语 eg. He can jump over the wall, can’t he? ( The wall can be jumped over by him, can’t it) 三、动名词的运用动名词是动词ing形式，如doing, sleeping,兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。动名词作主语和作宾语是高考翻译经常考查的内容[案例1] 收集信息对于商人来说是非常重要的。(collect)Collecting information is very important to businessmen[案例2]几乎每个孩子都喜欢同其他的孩子一起玩游戏。(fond)Almost every child is fond of playing games with other children介词后要用名词或动名词。在in，on，of，without，for，to等介词后要注意使用动名词，而动名词此时作介词后的宾语。1)和动名词搭配的常用动词和动词词组和动名词搭配的常用动词和动词词组有:admit，avoid，consider(考虑)，deny, enjoy, fancy，finish，imagine, keep, mind, practise, quit, resist, suggest, can't help, put off 等[案例] 因为南方气候温暖，Smith先生正考虑搬到那里居住。(consider)Mr. Smith is considering moving to the south for the warm weather.2)to 作介词的常用动词词组to有时作为不定式，有时作为介词，比较容易混淆。因此对 to作介词的常用动词词组应有所了解，翻译时才能正确运用。to作介词的常用动词词组有:admit to(承认,允许进入)，be devoted to(献身于),lead to(导致),look forward to(盼望)，object to(反对)，stick to(坚持)turn to(求助于) 等。[案例1] 我们都盼望去海南度假。(look forward to)We are all looking forward to taking a holiday in Hainan.[案例2] 所有在场的人都反对花那么多钱买这幅画。(object)All the people present objected to paying so much for the painting.3)和动名词搭配的常用句型It is no use/no good doing...做……是没有用的/无益的。It is a waste of time/money doing.做……是浪费时间/钱的主语+have difficulty/trouble/fun(in)doin….………做……有困难/有麻烦/有乐趣。主语+spend+时间+(in)doing.….…花时间做……There is no point/sense(in)doing..做……没有意义....be worth doing…….……值得做(这个句型中 doing表示被动，不能用 being done).... need/require doing ……需要做[案例1]这本书值得看很多遍。(worth)The book is worth reading many times.[案例2]在关键时刻讨论这样的问题是毫无意义的。(point)There's no point (in) discussing such a problem at the critical moment.