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天津市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
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这是一份天津市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题，文件包含天津市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版docx、天津市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共50页， 欢迎下载使用。
天津一中2022-2023-2 高一年级英语学科
期末质量调查试卷
本试卷分为第 I 卷（选择题）、第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共 100 分，考试用时 90 分钟。第 I 卷 1 至 5 页，第 II 卷 第 1 至 2 页。考生务必将答案涂写答题卡的规定位置上，答在试卷上的无效。
第 I 卷
I. 听力(共 20 小题，每题 0.5 分，满分 10 分)
第一节听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why can’t the man tell the woman the way?
A. He’s lost. B. He doesn’t want to help her.
C. He is not familiar with the area.
2. How does the man feel about the play?
A. It’s very good. B. It’s very terrible.
C. It’s the best one he has ever seen.
3. What’s the time now?
A. 8:30. B. 8:20. C. 8:00.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Their hobbies. B. The players. C. The games.
5. What color is the shirt?
A. Yellow. B. Green. C. Blue.
第二节听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个 小题，每小题 5 秒题；听完后，各个小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两篇。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. What do you think the woman is?
A. A librarian. B. A shop assistant. C. A teacher.
7. What’s the woman’s suggestion?
A. Buying some books on computers. B. Borrowing some magazines.
C. Asking some experts for advice.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. What’s NOT needed by the man?
A. A pencil-box. B. Notebooks. C. A bottle of ink.
9. How many drawing pencils does the man want?
A. Two. B. Six. C. Twelve.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10~12 题。
10. With whom is the man talking?
A. Another student. B. A teacher. C. His father.
11. What has the man mainly been talking about?
A. The weather. B. Going skiing. C. Her studies.
12 What does the woman think the man should do?
A. Think further about his vacation. B. Think more about his study.
C. Take a trip to the beach.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13~16 题。
13. What does the woman think the man should do?
A. Play some sports. B. Join her for dinner. C. Help with her study.
14. What’s the man going to do in Miami?
A. Go sightseeing. B. Attend a wedding. C. Set up a coffee shop.
15. Where is the woman going now?
A. To the tennis courts. B. To the coffee shop. C. To her shop.
16. What does the man decide to do at the end of the conversation?
A. Put off his trip. B. Come back early. C. Take tennis lessons.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17~20 题。
17. Which is the best way to learn a language?
A. Speaking the language quickly.
B. Using the language as often as you can.
C. Trying to make fewer mistakes.
18. What should you do when people laugh at your mistakes?
A. Stop talking at once. B. Keep your sense of humor.
C. Be careful next time.
19. What’s the most important rule of learning English?
A. Try to make no mistakes. B. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
C. Be ready to speak English.
20. What’s the speaker talking about?
A. How to speak English quickly. B. How to make fewer mistakes.
C. How to learn a language.
II. 单项填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Professor Johnson, I’m afraid I can’t finish the report within this week.
—_______How about next week?
A. Good for you. B. It won’t bother me. C. Not at all. D. That’s OK.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查交际用语。句意为：——约翰逊教授，恐怕我这周完不成报告。——好的，下周怎么样？A. Good for you.为你好；B. It won’t bother me.我不介意；C. Not at all.别客气；D. That’s OK.没关系。根据后面的How about next week？可以看出，Johnson教授已经确认这周完不成报告没关系，所以用That’s OK.故选D。
2. He has shown himself to be________ through his brave deeds.
A. worth respect B. worthy respect
C. worthy of respect D. worth of respect
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他通过勇敢的行为表明自己值得尊敬。be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词 of，故排除B选项。 be worth 后通常接钱数，表示“值……钱”，或接代词、动名词，故排除A选项。be worth of 后接想表达其价值的目标，故排除D选项，故选C。
3. Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew________ crowds, discomfort and danger.
A. including B. to include C. will include D. would include
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年，数百人花了一大笔钱来体验他们知道会有拥挤、不适和危险的体验。 A. including 包括（动词现在分词形式）； B. to include包括（动词不定式形式）； C. will include包括（动词一般将来时）； D. would include包括（过去将来时）。 该空在that引导的定语从句中做谓语，that代替先行词experience作主语，they knew为插入语；根据时间状语Last year,及主句谓语动词 spent时态可知，该空应使用过去将来时。故选D项。
4. Spend time with your family and friends, ________ will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
A. who B. which C. it D. they
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：花时间和家人朋友在一起，这会激活你大脑中的化学物质，让你感觉更快乐。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是前面整个句子，需用关系代词which引导。故选B。
5. Upon graduation from high school, I designed a website, www.cuddlebuddies.net to promote a project. The response was________. More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies branches were established across the nation.
A. confusing B. amusing C. automatic D. enthusiastic
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业后，我设计了一个网站www.cuddlebuddies.net来推广一个项目，反响热烈。越来越多的人加入我的行列，在全国各地建立了二十多个“抱抱狗”分支机构。A.confusing 疑惑的；B.amusing 有趣的；C.automatic 自动的；D.enthusiastic热烈的；热情的。空格处填形容词作表语，根据下文“ More and more people joined me ”可知这个项目的反响热烈。故选D。
6. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这样，又搬回家去了。try doing sth 意为“试着做某事”；try to do sth 意为“尽力去做某事”。根据“wanted to be independent”得知，她想要独立，曾经试着一个人生活。故选A。
7. As I________ the school he was standing in the middle of the road holding out his stop sign.
A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走近学校的时候，他站在路中间，手里举着停车标志。A. visited拜访；B. approached接近；C. passed经过；D. left离开。as引导时间状语从句，谓语动词需用延续性动词，结合“he was standing in the middle of the road holding out his stop sign”可知，因为接近学校，所以能看到他站在路中间，手里举着停车标志。故选B。
8. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, reading old magazines, ________ _have been read hundreds of times previously.
A. all of them B. all of which C. each of them D. each of which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系词，主谓一致。句意：人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上读旧杂志，这些杂志以前已经被读过几百次了。A. all of them 它们全都； B. all of which 它们全部都； C.each of them它们中每一个； D. each of which它们中每一个。该空需要使用关系代词which代替先行词magazines引导非限制性定语从句；根据空后have可知，主语应为复数意义，应使用all。故选B项。
9. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven
C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和过去进行时。句意：我正开着车去伦敦的路上，这时我发现走错路了。be doing sth when 结构表示“正在做某事，这时…”。为固定句型。根据时态一致原则，可知这里用过去进行时，故选A。
10. I got to talk to him. I just couldn’t________ what he was talking about just now.
A. work out B. turn out C. figure out D. cross out
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：我得跟他谈谈。我不明白他刚才在说什么。A.work out 解决；算出；实现；B.turn out 发生；最后是，结果是；C.figure out 想出； 解决；算出；D.cross out 删去；注销。 根据下文“what he was talking about”及语境可知此处指：我不明白他在说什么。故选C。
III. 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 41～55 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another ___11___, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his___12___; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to ___13___ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In ___14___ these and other research findings, two themes are ___15___ : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think___16___assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. ___17___, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be ___18___ , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very ___19___ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to ____20____ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of ____21____ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) ____22____ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone____23____ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for ____24____ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be ____25____ rather than drunk.
11. A. study B. way C. word D. college
12. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back
13. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive
14. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing
15. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing
16. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept
17. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example
18. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed
19. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working
20. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down
21. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact
22. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange
23. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances
24. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health
25. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在另一项研究中，纽约的地铁乘客看到一名手持拐棍的男子摔倒在地上。A. study研究；B. way方式；C. word单词；D. college大学。根据下文“In ___4___ these and other research findings”和“___7___, in a field study”可知，此处指在另一份研究中。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，受害者的脸上有一个大大的红色胎记；有时他没有。A. hand手；B. arm胳膊；C. face脸；D. back背。根据下文“In this situation, the victim was more likely to ___3___ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark.”可知，受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，如果受害者的脸一尘不染，比如果他有一个难看的胎记，更有可能收到救助。A. refuse拒绝；B. beg乞求；C. lose失去；D. receive收到。根据下文“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.”可知，此处指收到救助。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些和其他研究发现时，有两个主题很重要：我们更愿意帮助出于某些原因喜欢的人，以及我们认为值得帮助的人。A. challenging挑战；B. recording记录；C. understanding理解，了解；D. publishing出版。根据语境及常识可知，此处指了解这些研究发现和其他研究结果。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些和其他研究发现时，有两个主题很重要：我们更愿意帮助出于某些原因喜欢的人，以及我们认为值得帮助的人。A. important重要的；B. possible可能的；C. amusing娱乐的；D. missing失去的。根据语境可知，此处指在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中，发现两个重要的主题。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些和其他研究发现时，有两个主题很重要：我们更愿意帮助出于某些原因喜欢的人，以及我们认为值得帮助的人。A. seek寻找；B. deserve值得；C. obtain获得；D. accept接受。根据下文“Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case.”及常识可知，人们更愿意帮助他们认为值得帮助的人。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在一项实地研究中，研究人员把一份完整的研究生入学申请放在机场的电话亭里。A. At first最初；B. Above all首先；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。根据上文“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.”可知，下文在举例说明。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：申请已经准备好被邮寄了，但显然“丢了”。A. printed印刷；B. mailed邮寄；C. rewritten重写；D. signed签署。根据下文“The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not.”可知，此处指申请被邮寄。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：附在申请表上的照片有时是一个非常好看的人，有时是一个不那么有吸引力的人的。A. talented有才能的；B. good-looking好看的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. hard-working勤奋的。根据下文“if the person in the photo was physically attractive.”可知，附在申请上的照片有时是一张是相貌好看的，有时是一张不太有吸引力的人。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果表明，如果照片上的人长得好看，人们更有可能递送申请。A. send in递送；B. throw away扔掉；C. fill out填写；D. turn down调低，拒绝。根据上文“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.”可知，如果照片上的人长得好看，人们更有可能递送申请。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。A. similarity相似；B. friendship友谊；C. cooperation合作；D. contact联系。根据下文“For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.”可知，此处指在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。A. expensive昂贵的；B. plain普通的；C. cheap便宜的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.”可知，此处指朴素T恤。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，超市里的购物者更有可能给别人钱去买牛奶而不是买饼干，可能是因为对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。A. time时间；B. instructions说明；C. money钱；D. chances机会。根据下文“to buy milk rather than to buy cookies”及常识可知，此处指给钱买牛奶。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，超市里的购物者更有可能给别人钱去买牛奶而不是买饼干，可能是因为对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。A. shoppers购物者；B. research研究；C. children孩子；D. health健康。根据常识可知，对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纽约地铁上的乘客更愿意帮助摔倒在地的人，如果他看起来似乎是生病了，而不是喝醉了。A. talkative健谈的；B. handsome英俊的；C. calm平静的；D. sick有病的。根据常识可知，生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。故选D。
IV. 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The following is a Want ad for a 21st-century father
Wanted:
A 21st-Century Father Who Can Wear Many Hats
THE LOVING HAT
Responsibilities Include: Raising children, not yelling, taking mom out to romantic dinners, listening, “being there.
Benefits:
You’ll be loved right back.
THE MONEY HAT
Responsibilities Include:
Holding down a good job, making enough money to support family and pay for vacations.
Benefits:
Who doesn’t want a good job?
Plus, vacations with the family.
THE FUN HAT
Responsibilities Include: Taking family to baseball games in summer, going sleigh riding in winter, being goofy, dancing.
Benefits:
What good is life if you don’t have any fun? Family outings become memories that last a lifetime.
THE HANDYMAN HAT
Responsibilities Include:
Taking care of the house and yard. Must know basic carpentry, landscaping, plumbing, and electrical work.
Benefits:
You’ll get to have a really cool set of tools, including power tools.
26. The Hats in the ad actually refer to the________ of a father.
A. life goals B. life experiences
C. desired qualities in personality D. personal interests and in parenting
27. According to the ad, a 21st-century father is expected to do all of the following things EXCEPT________.
A. keep a good work-life balance
B. be able to work with power tools
C. help his children with all of their schoolwork
D. pay attention to his children’s and partner’s (配偶) needs
28. Which hat suits a 21st-century father who often involves his family in different sports?
A. THE LOVING HAT B. THE FUN HAT
C. THE MONEY HAT D. THE HANDYMAN HAT
29. Where would you most likely find the ad.?
A. An forum on education. B. A school booklet.
C. A sales promotion. D. A men’s magazine.
【答案】26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了21世纪的父亲应该具有的各种品质。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据各个Hat部分中关于21世纪父亲的责任的描述：“Raising children, not yelling, taking mom out to romantic dinners, listening, “being there.”(抚养孩子，不大喊大叫，带妈妈出去吃浪漫晚餐，倾听，“在那里”)”、“Taking family to baseball games in summer, going sleigh riding in winter, being goofy, dancing.(夏天带家人去看棒球比赛，冬天去坐雪橇，傻乎乎的，跳舞)”、“Holding down a good job, making enough money to support family and pay for vacations.(有一份好工作，赚足够的钱养家糊口和度假)以及” Taking care of the house and yard. Must know basic carpentry, landscaping, plumbing, and electrical work.(照顾房子和院子。必须了解基本的木工，园林绿化，管道和电气工作)”可推知，广告中的“帽子”实际上指的是人们期望的父亲所具有的品质。故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据THE LOVING HAT部分的“Raising children, not yelling, taking mom out to romantic dinners, listening, “being there.”(抚养孩子，不大喊大叫，带妈妈出去吃浪漫晚餐，倾听，“在那里”)”；THE MONEY HAT部分的“Holding down a good job, making enough money to support family and pay for vacations.(有一份好工作，赚足够的钱养家糊口和度假)”以及THE HANDYMAN HAT部分的“Must know basic carpentry, landscaping, plumbing, and electrical work.(必须了解基本的木工，园林绿化，管道和电气工作)”可知，21世纪的父亲需要在工作和生活之间保持良好的平衡、能够使用电动工具工作以及注意他孩子和伴侣的需要。选项C“帮助他的孩子做所有的功课”没有提到。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据THE FUN HAT部分中的“Taking family to baseball games in summer, going sleigh riding in winter, being goofy, dancing.(夏天带家人去看棒球比赛，冬天去坐雪橇，傻乎乎的，跳舞)”可知，一位经常让家人参加不同运动的21世纪父亲最适合THE FUN HAT。故选B。
29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章开头“The following is a Want ad for a 21st-century father.(以下是一则招聘21世纪父亲的广告)”可知，文章主要介绍了21世纪的父亲应该具有的各种品质。由此可推知，文章最有可能出自一本男性的杂志。故选D。
B
It is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It’ s not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it’ s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini(西葫芦).
My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That ’ s when she decided it was time to share her blessings. She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “ Feel free to take whatever you want,” Sharon told her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to waste.
A few days later, Sharon answered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.”
Sharon couldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you did,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I’ve ever seen.”
Sharon was confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’ t even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, “ Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”
The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”
30. Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?
A. They might be stolen by thieves.
B. They might be moved away by the police.
C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.
D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.
31. What does the underlined word “blessings” in the second paragraph mean?
A. Tomatoes. B. God’s protection.
C. Helpful things. D. Best wishes.
32. What did the neighbor do in Sharon’s garden?
A. She harvested tomatoes only.
B. She harvested zucchini by accident.
C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.
D. She stole something without Sharon’s permission.
33. We can infer from the article that the neighbor’s bread would taste________.
A. bitter but tasty B. strange and bitter
C. hard and sour D. soft and sweet
【答案】30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的嫂子邀请一位邻居去她家菜园里随便采摘西红柿和其他喜欢的蔬菜，而邻居在菜园里却错误地把老黄瓜当作了西葫芦，并且她用这个材料做成了面包拿来和邻居一块分享。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Rather, it’s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.( 相反，这是因为善良的邻居们想要分享他们的收获。特别是今年的大丰收，在我的社区留下一辆车不上锁是在邀请某人把它装满西葫芦)”可知作者建议附近的人们锁上自己的车是因为他们的邻居可能往车里填自己的收成，故选C。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。上文“My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes.(我的嫂子，Sharon，最近西红柿有个好收成)”可推断划线句“That’s when she decided it was time to share her blessings.”意思是她觉得是时候与别人分享自己的西红柿了，故blessings指代“tomatoes西红柿”。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Sharon smiled, “Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”(Sharon笑着说：“嗯，事实上，这些黄瓜我们从来没有收获过，因为它们太大，太软又苦，不能吃，也不能装成罐头)”可知邻居在Sharon的菜园里错误地采摘了一些黄瓜，故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, “Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”(当邻居指着这些长长的绿色蔬菜时，Sharon笑着说：“事实上，那是我们从来没有收获过的黄瓜，因为它们太大，太软，太苦，不能吃，也不能装罐头。”)”以及最后一段“I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.（我给你带来了一条黄瓜面包。我希望你喜欢它。）”可推知用苦涩的黄瓜做的面包味道自然是奇怪的和苦的，故选B。
C
The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents. But through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server, she isn't able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home.
To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.
UBS Financial Services released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn't want them to leave.
The report shows that 74 percent of millennials (千禧一代)get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.
Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Services Group in the US, said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession. Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn't necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.
“ There's no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases of things people spend money on related to household formation and perhaps related to child-raising," Hoffman explained. "But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don't have a house expense or marriage. I don't know if it represents a change in moral values. But it's much more common for adult children to live in their parents’ homes because it's becoming part of the culture.
34. What can we learn from the UBS Financial Services' report?
A. Millennials are on good terms with their parents.
B. Millennials are financially independent after college.
C. Parents are unwilling to give their young adults allowance.
D. Parents want their kids to stay with them forever.
35. What does Hoffman think of young adults' living at home?
A. It increases the consumption of household products.
B. It may continue despite job growth.
C. It is a sign of shift in moral values.
D. It is new in American culture.
36. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To introduce millennials' living habits.
B. To stress the importance of financial independence.
C. To explain why American young adults still live at home.
D. To inform people of a social trend in the US.
【答案】34. A 35. B 36. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在西方的传统观念中，成年意味着离开父母独立生活。然而现在越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母住在一起。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college.(研究发现，千禧一代重新定义了父母和孩子之间的联系。千禧一代视父母为同龄人、朋友和导师。近四分之三的人在大学期间每周与父母交谈不止一次。)”可推断，千禧一代和父母相处得很好。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“ said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession.Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn't necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest.(他说，在大萧条期间，年轻人依靠自己自立谋生的人数下降了。虽然自2014年以来千禧一代的就业增长有所改善，但这并不一定意味着千禧一代开始筑巢。)”和“He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.(他们可能喜欢住在家里，能够省钱。)”可推断，Hoffman认为尽管就业有所改善，年轻人会继续住在家里。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，同时根据第二段“To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.（在某种程度上，多代同堂的家庭，一直是美国生活的一部分。然而，搬回家和父母同住的年轻人数量——或者说从来没有离开过家的人数——一直在稳步增长。）”可知，本文主要介绍了在美国，越来越多的年轻人倾向于与父母同住的这样一种社会趋势，选项D.“To inform people of a social trend in the US.（告诉人们美国的一种社会趋势。）”最能概括作者的写作目的。故选D。
D
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.
The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!
37. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Advertisements steal money from our pockets
B. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. Advertisements are everywhere.
38. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?
A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.
B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.
C. He believes what is said in advertisements.
D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.
39. Which of the following is Not True?
A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.
B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.
C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
40. Whicof the following shows the structure of the passage?
( ①=" Paragraph" 1, ②=" paragraph" 2, ③=" paragraph" 3, ④=" paragraph" 4 ⑤=" paragraph" 5)
A. B. C. D.
【答案】37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章首先提出广告上遭批评的现象，然后从四个方面对这种现象提出反驳：广告可以让我们更加了解商品的性能、价格等；广告让我们的生活不那么枯燥；广告有益于我们的钱包；小广告对社区提供了有用的服务。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.（广告向我们介绍新产品或提醒我们已经知道的产品的存在。假如你想买一台洗衣机，你很可能会从广告中获得有关性能、价格等方面的细节）和最后一段的“Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! （另一件我们不能忘记的事情是“小广告”。他们为社区提供了多么有用的服务！）”可知，文章主要介绍了广告商为社区提供有用的服务。故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets.（我们也不能忘记，广告对我们的钱包有积极的贡献）”可推知，作者对广告的态度是欣赏的。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. （但如果我们认为广告的唯一目的是销售商品，那我们就错了）”可知，B项“广告的唯一目的就是销售商品”是错误的。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章可知，第一段提出广告商遭批评的现象；后面四段从四个方面对这种现象提出反驳：第二段提出广告可以让我们更加了解商品的性能、价格等；第三段提出广告让我们的生活不那么枯燥；第四段提出广告有益于我们的钱包；最有一段提出小广告对社区提供了有用的服务。因此文章的结构为第一段总述，后面四段独立阐述原因。故选D。
【点睛】
第 II 卷
V. 单词填空：根据句义、首字母及所给英文释义，填入所缺单词的适当形式。（共 10 小题，每空仅限填一词；每空 1 分，满分 10 分）
41. Light is absolutely e________ for the healthy development of plants. (completely necessary)（根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】essential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：光对于植物的健康生长是绝对必要的。分析句子可知，设空处接在be动词后作表语，根据英文提示和首字母以及整个句意可知是essential（必要的），故填essential。
42. I think we d________ a good rest after all that hard work. (should have something) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】deserve
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：辛苦工作了这么久，我觉得我们应该好好休息一下。分析句子结构可知，think后面为省略了that的宾语从句，从句缺少谓语，根据句意“应得”和首字母提示“d”可知，应填动词deserve作宾语从句的谓语，此处陈述客观情况，使用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词使用原形。故填deserve。
43. He could not stand the p________ and the workload, so he chose to leave the company. (the speed at which something happens) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】pace
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他无法忍受工作的速度和工作量，所以他选择离开公司。根据句意、首字母提示及括号内解释，可知空白处填名词“速度”，pace“速度”为名词，故填pace。
44. I________ reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed. (happening at the beginning) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】Initial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：最初的报道称有7人死亡，但这一消息尚未得到证实。根据句意“最初的”和首字母“I”可知，空处应填形容词initial作定语，修饰名词reports。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Initial。
45. To our amazement, he learned to d________ the songs of different birds. (recognize the differences between thing) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】distinguish
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：使我们惊奇的是，他学会了分辨不同鸟的叫声。根据句意“区分”和首字母“d”以及空前的“learned to”可知，空处应填动词distinguish，与to构成动词不定式作宾语。故填distinguish。
46. We cannot g________ that our flights will never be delayed. (promise to do something) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】guarantee
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不能保证我们的航班永远不会延误。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“承诺做某事”可知应填动词guarantee，作谓语，且cannot后跟动词原形。故填guarantee。
47. I was told that he was sincerely a________ of our support. (be grateful) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】appreciative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我被告知说他很感激我们的支持。根据句意、副词，首字母提示、括号内英文解释及设空前副词可知，此处要用形容词“感激的”，appreciative“感激的”为形容词。故填appreciative。
48. We are looking for someone who is r________ and hard-working to be in charge of the project. (that can be trusted) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】reliable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们正在寻找一个可靠并且工作努力的人来负责这个项目。分析句子可知，设空处接在be动词后作表语，应用形容词，根据英文提示和首字母以及句意“可靠的”，故填reliable。
49. Tom carried on reading, seemingly u________ of my presence. (not knowing about something) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】unaware
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤姆继续看书，似乎没有意识到我的存在。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“不知道某事”，可知应填形容词unaware，作状语。故填unaware。
50. The money she gave us is not s________ to cover everything that needs doing. (enough) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】sufficient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她给我们的钱不够支付所有需要做的事情。根据英文提示词“enough”和首字母“s”以及空前的“is”可知，应填形容词sufficient作表语，意为“足够的”。故填sufficient。
VI. 短语填空：根据句义，用所给短语适当形式完成下列句子。
（共 10 小题；每空 1 分，满分 10 分。每个短语只能用一次。有两个短语是多余的。）
根据句义，用所给短语适当形式完成下列句子
bring...into focus, account for, keep on, have yet to, look through, drag one’s feet, do the trick, more often than not, throw light on, turn over a new leaf, go about, laughing stock
51. You need to tell him to________. He should start working harder. Luckily, we still have got some time before the exam.
52. The villagers were________ their business as usual. Tony the sailor decided to set off for his adventure.
53. The surgery on my knee seemed to________.
54. At the meeting yesterday, these issues were ________ we hope the situation will be improved soon.
55. The truth must never get out. If it did she would be a________;
56. ________, this kind of arguments could have been avoided.
57. The authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also________ sensitive or emotive issues.
58. Recent pressures at work may ________ Steve’s odd behavior. He needs our assistance.
59. It’s already 4 o'clock. Some students ________ return, but many others have come back.
60. ________ my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
【答案】51. turn over a new leaf
52. going about
53. do the trick
54. brought into focus
55. laughing stock
56. More often than not
57. throw light on
58. account for
59. have yet to
60. Looking through
【解析】
【分析】
【51题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：你得告诉他改过自新。他应该更努力了。幸运的是，离考试还有一段时间。短语turn over a new leaf，意为“改过自新”，接在不定式符号to（tell sb to do）后面用原形，根据句意和语境，故填turn over a new leaf。
【52题详解】
考查固定短语和过去进行时。句意：村民们像往常一样忙着自己的事情。水手托尼决定出发去历险。短语go about，意为“处理”，和前面的were构成过去进行时，用现在分词，根据句意和语境，故填going about。
【53题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我膝盖上的手术似乎达到了预期效果。短语do the trick，意为“奏效，达到预期效果”，接在不定式符号to（seem to do）后面用原形，根据句意和语境，故填do the trick。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语和被动语态。句意：在昨天会议上，这些问题得到了关注。我们希望形势能很快得到改善。短语bring into focus，意为“使注意，使明确”，和前面的were构成被动语态，用过去分词，根据句意和语境，故填brought into focus。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：真相绝不能泄露出去。如果真是这样，她会成为一个笑柄。短语laughing stock，意为“笑料，笑柄”，前面有a修饰，应为名词性短语，故填laughing stock。
【56题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：通常情况下，这种争论是可以避免的。短语more often than not，意为“往往，多半”，位于句首，首字母大写，根据句意和语境，故填More often than not。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：作者明白幽默不仅能娱乐，还能阐明敏感或情绪化的问题。短语throw light on，意为“说明”，接在情态动词后，用原形，根据句意和语境，故填throw light on。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：最近的工作压力可能是史蒂夫古怪行为的原因。他需要我们的帮助。短语account for，意为“说明（原因，理由等）”，接在情态动词后，用原形，根据句意和语境，故填account for。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：已经4点了。一些学生还没有回来，但是很多人已经回来了。短语have yet to，意为“还没有”，根据下文，可知是一般现在时，主语是Some students，谓语用复数，根据句意和语境，故填have yet to。
【60题详解】
考查固定短语和现在分词。句意：浏览报纸时，我被一些照片震惊了，这些照片显示一场飓风在亚洲摧毁了一个城镇。短语look through，意为“浏览”，分析句子可知，设空处作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，位于句首，首字母要大写，根据句意和语境，故填Looking through。
VI. 书面表达（共 1 小题，满分 15 分）
61. 假如你是明华。你收到你的朋友子悠用微信发来的一段信息。
I have something to tell you. I feel very upset recently. I failed in the national English speaking contest. Before the contest, I competed against a girl at school. I won, but it was because I was lucky. Now, I do believe the girl should have gone to the national competition instead. If she had, the school would have won the first prize. Now, I can not focus myself in class. I can not sleep well at night. I am such a failure!
看完后，你决定编辑一段信息发给子悠，包括以下要点：
1. 表示关心；
2. 给予安慰；
3. 正面开导。
注意：1. 开头已经给出；
2. 词数 100 左右
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hi，Ziyou. After reading your message, I...
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hi, Ziyou.
After reading your message, I’m sorry you are having such trouble in your life. I understand quite well how uncomfortable you are feeling now because I also had a similar experience. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Here are some tips to help you.
To start with, it’s not your fault-you have nothing to reproach yourself with. Then, be confident in yourself as you won the contest previously, which meant you had the ability to go further. Besides, as the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.You can take the failure as a chance to improve yourself. By doing this you are letting people know how successful you are.
Hopefully, my advice is of benefit to you. I’m looking forward to hearing your good news.
Yours,
Ming Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给朋友子悠在微信里提到的问题，发信息给予关心和慰问，同时给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
自责：blame yourself→reproach yourself with
自信的：assured→confident
提升：promote→improve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You can take the failure as a chance to improve yourself.
拓展句：You can take the failure as a chance to improve yourself, which to some extent will give you much motivation to win next time.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
I understand quite well how uncomfortable you are feeling now because I also had a similar experience.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Then, be confident in yourself as you won the contest previously, which meant you had the ability to go further.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
天津一中2022-2023-2 高一年级英语学科
期末质量调查试卷
本试卷分为第 I 卷（选择题）、第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共 100 分，考试用时 90 分钟。第 I 卷 1 至 5 页，第 II 卷 第 1 至 2 页。考生务必将答案涂写答题卡的规定位置上，答在试卷上的无效。
第 I 卷
I. 听力(共 20 小题，每题 0.5 分，满分 10 分)
第一节听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why can’t the man tell the woman the way?
A. He’s lost. B. He doesn’t want to help her.
C. He is not familiar with the area.
2. How does the man feel about the play?
A. It’s very good. B. It’s very terrible.
C. It’s the best one he has ever seen.
3. What’s the time now?
A. 8:30. B. 8:20. C. 8:00.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Their hobbies. B. The players. C. The games.
5. What color is the shirt?
A. Yellow. B. Green. C. Blue.
第二节听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个 小题，每小题 5 秒题；听完后，各个小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两篇。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. What do you think the woman is?
A. A librarian. B. A shop assistant. C. A teacher.
7. What’s the woman’s suggestion?
A. Buying some books on computers. B. Borrowing some magazines.
C. Asking some experts for advice.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. What’s NOT needed by the man?
A. A pencil-box. B. Notebooks. C. A bottle of ink.
9. How many drawing pencils does the man want?
A. Two. B. Six. C. Twelve.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10~12 题。
10. With whom is the man talking?
A. Another student. B. A teacher. C. His father.
11. What has the man mainly been talking about?
A. The weather. B. Going skiing. C. Her studies.
12 What does the woman think the man should do?
A. Think further about his vacation. B. Think more about his study.
C. Take a trip to the beach.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13~16 题。
13. What does the woman think the man should do?
A. Play some sports. B. Join her for dinner. C. Help with her study.
14. What’s the man going to do in Miami?
A. Go sightseeing. B. Attend a wedding. C. Set up a coffee shop.
15. Where is the woman going now?
A. To the tennis courts. B. To the coffee shop. C. To her shop.
16. What does the man decide to do at the end of the conversation?
A. Put off his trip. B. Come back early. C. Take tennis lessons.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17~20 题。
17. Which is the best way to learn a language?
A. Speaking the language quickly.
B. Using the language as often as you can.
C. Trying to make fewer mistakes.
18. What should you do when people laugh at your mistakes?
A. Stop talking at once. B. Keep your sense of humor.
C. Be careful next time.
19. What’s the most important rule of learning English?
A. Try to make no mistakes. B. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
C. Be ready to speak English.
20. What’s the speaker talking about?
A. How to speak English quickly. B. How to make fewer mistakes.
C. How to learn a language.
II. 单项填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Professor Johnson, I’m afraid I can’t finish the report within this week.
—_______How about next week?
A. Good for you. B. It won’t bother me. C. Not at all. D. That’s OK.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查交际用语。句意为：——约翰逊教授，恐怕我这周完不成报告。——好的，下周怎么样？A. Good for you.为你好；B. It won’t bother me.我不介意；C. Not at all.别客气；D. That’s OK.没关系。根据后面的How about next week？可以看出，Johnson教授已经确认这周完不成报告没关系，所以用That’s OK.故选D。
2. He has shown himself to be________ through his brave deeds.
A. worth respect B. worthy respect
C. worthy of respect D. worth of respect
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他通过勇敢的行为表明自己值得尊敬。be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词 of，故排除B选项。 be worth 后通常接钱数，表示“值……钱”，或接代词、动名词，故排除A选项。be worth of 后接想表达其价值的目标，故排除D选项，故选C。
3. Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew________ crowds, discomfort and danger.
A. including B. to include C. will include D. would include
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年，数百人花了一大笔钱来体验他们知道会有拥挤、不适和危险的体验。 A. including 包括（动词现在分词形式）； B. to include包括（动词不定式形式）； C. will include包括（动词一般将来时）； D. would include包括（过去将来时）。 该空在that引导的定语从句中做谓语，that代替先行词experience作主语，they knew为插入语；根据时间状语Last year,及主句谓语动词 spent时态可知，该空应使用过去将来时。故选D项。
4. Spend time with your family and friends, ________ will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
A. who B. which C. it D. they
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：花时间和家人朋友在一起，这会激活你大脑中的化学物质，让你感觉更快乐。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是前面整个句子，需用关系代词which引导。故选B。
5. Upon graduation from high school, I designed a website, www.cuddlebuddies.net to promote a project. The response was________. More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies branches were established across the nation.
A. confusing B. amusing C. automatic D. enthusiastic
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业后，我设计了一个网站www.cuddlebuddies.net来推广一个项目，反响热烈。越来越多的人加入我的行列，在全国各地建立了二十多个“抱抱狗”分支机构。A.confusing 疑惑的；B.amusing 有趣的；C.automatic 自动的；D.enthusiastic热烈的；热情的。空格处填形容词作表语，根据下文“ More and more people joined me ”可知这个项目的反响热烈。故选D。
6. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这样，又搬回家去了。try doing sth 意为“试着做某事”；try to do sth 意为“尽力去做某事”。根据“wanted to be independent”得知，她想要独立，曾经试着一个人生活。故选A。
7. As I________ the school he was standing in the middle of the road holding out his stop sign.
A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走近学校的时候，他站在路中间，手里举着停车标志。A. visited拜访；B. approached接近；C. passed经过；D. left离开。as引导时间状语从句，谓语动词需用延续性动词，结合“he was standing in the middle of the road holding out his stop sign”可知，因为接近学校，所以能看到他站在路中间，手里举着停车标志。故选B。
8. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, reading old magazines, ________ _have been read hundreds of times previously.
A. all of them B. all of which C. each of them D. each of which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系词，主谓一致。句意：人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上读旧杂志，这些杂志以前已经被读过几百次了。A. all of them 它们全都； B. all of which 它们全部都； C.each of them它们中每一个； D. each of which它们中每一个。该空需要使用关系代词which代替先行词magazines引导非限制性定语从句；根据空后have可知，主语应为复数意义，应使用all。故选B项。
9. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven
C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和过去进行时。句意：我正开着车去伦敦的路上，这时我发现走错路了。be doing sth when 结构表示“正在做某事，这时…”。为固定句型。根据时态一致原则，可知这里用过去进行时，故选A。
10. I got to talk to him. I just couldn’t________ what he was talking about just now.
A. work out B. turn out C. figure out D. cross out
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：我得跟他谈谈。我不明白他刚才在说什么。A.work out 解决；算出；实现；B.turn out 发生；最后是，结果是；C.figure out 想出； 解决；算出；D.cross out 删去；注销。 根据下文“what he was talking about”及语境可知此处指：我不明白他在说什么。故选C。
III. 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 41～55 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another ___11___, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his___12___; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to ___13___ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In ___14___ these and other research findings, two themes are ___15___ : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think___16___assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. ___17___, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be ___18___ , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very ___19___ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to ____20____ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of ____21____ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) ____22____ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone____23____ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for ____24____ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be ____25____ rather than drunk.
11. A. study B. way C. word D. college
12. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back
13. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive
14. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing
15. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing
16. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept
17. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example
18. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed
19. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working
20. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down
21. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact
22. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange
23. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances
24. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health
25. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在另一项研究中，纽约的地铁乘客看到一名手持拐棍的男子摔倒在地上。A. study研究；B. way方式；C. word单词；D. college大学。根据下文“In ___4___ these and other research findings”和“___7___, in a field study”可知，此处指在另一份研究中。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，受害者的脸上有一个大大的红色胎记；有时他没有。A. hand手；B. arm胳膊；C. face脸；D. back背。根据下文“In this situation, the victim was more likely to ___3___ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark.”可知，受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，如果受害者的脸一尘不染，比如果他有一个难看的胎记，更有可能收到救助。A. refuse拒绝；B. beg乞求；C. lose失去；D. receive收到。根据下文“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.”可知，此处指收到救助。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些和其他研究发现时，有两个主题很重要：我们更愿意帮助出于某些原因喜欢的人，以及我们认为值得帮助的人。A. challenging挑战；B. recording记录；C. understanding理解，了解；D. publishing出版。根据语境及常识可知，此处指了解这些研究发现和其他研究结果。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些和其他研究发现时，有两个主题很重要：我们更愿意帮助出于某些原因喜欢的人，以及我们认为值得帮助的人。A. important重要的；B. possible可能的；C. amusing娱乐的；D. missing失去的。根据语境可知，此处指在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中，发现两个重要的主题。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些和其他研究发现时，有两个主题很重要：我们更愿意帮助出于某些原因喜欢的人，以及我们认为值得帮助的人。A. seek寻找；B. deserve值得；C. obtain获得；D. accept接受。根据下文“Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case.”及常识可知，人们更愿意帮助他们认为值得帮助的人。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在一项实地研究中，研究人员把一份完整的研究生入学申请放在机场的电话亭里。A. At first最初；B. Above all首先；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。根据上文“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.”可知，下文在举例说明。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：申请已经准备好被邮寄了，但显然“丢了”。A. printed印刷；B. mailed邮寄；C. rewritten重写；D. signed签署。根据下文“The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not.”可知，此处指申请被邮寄。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：附在申请表上的照片有时是一个非常好看的人，有时是一个不那么有吸引力的人的。A. talented有才能的；B. good-looking好看的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. hard-working勤奋的。根据下文“if the person in the photo was physically attractive.”可知，附在申请上的照片有时是一张是相貌好看的，有时是一张不太有吸引力的人。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果表明，如果照片上的人长得好看，人们更有可能递送申请。A. send in递送；B. throw away扔掉；C. fill out填写；D. turn down调低，拒绝。根据上文“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.”可知，如果照片上的人长得好看，人们更有可能递送申请。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。A. similarity相似；B. friendship友谊；C. cooperation合作；D. contact联系。根据下文“For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.”可知，此处指在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。A. expensive昂贵的；B. plain普通的；C. cheap便宜的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.”可知，此处指朴素T恤。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，超市里的购物者更有可能给别人钱去买牛奶而不是买饼干，可能是因为对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。A. time时间；B. instructions说明；C. money钱；D. chances机会。根据下文“to buy milk rather than to buy cookies”及常识可知，此处指给钱买牛奶。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，超市里的购物者更有可能给别人钱去买牛奶而不是买饼干，可能是因为对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。A. shoppers购物者；B. research研究；C. children孩子；D. health健康。根据常识可知，对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纽约地铁上的乘客更愿意帮助摔倒在地的人，如果他看起来似乎是生病了，而不是喝醉了。A. talkative健谈的；B. handsome英俊的；C. calm平静的；D. sick有病的。根据常识可知，生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。故选D。
IV. 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The following is a Want ad for a 21st-century father
Wanted:
A 21st-Century Father Who Can Wear Many Hats
THE LOVING HAT
Responsibilities Include: Raising children, not yelling, taking mom out to romantic dinners, listening, “being there.
Benefits:
You’ll be loved right back.
THE MONEY HAT
Responsibilities Include:
Holding down a good job, making enough money to support family and pay for vacations.
Benefits:
Who doesn’t want a good job?
Plus, vacations with the family.
THE FUN HAT
Responsibilities Include: Taking family to baseball games in summer, going sleigh riding in winter, being goofy, dancing.
Benefits:
What good is life if you don’t have any fun? Family outings become memories that last a lifetime.
THE HANDYMAN HAT
Responsibilities Include:
Taking care of the house and yard. Must know basic carpentry, landscaping, plumbing, and electrical work.
Benefits:
You’ll get to have a really cool set of tools, including power tools.
26. The Hats in the ad actually refer to the________ of a father.
A. life goals B. life experiences
C. desired qualities in personality D. personal interests and in parenting
27. According to the ad, a 21st-century father is expected to do all of the following things EXCEPT________.
A. keep a good work-life balance
B. be able to work with power tools
C. help his children with all of their schoolwork
D. pay attention to his children’s and partner’s (配偶) needs
28. Which hat suits a 21st-century father who often involves his family in different sports?
A. THE LOVING HAT B. THE FUN HAT
C. THE MONEY HAT D. THE HANDYMAN HAT
29. Where would you most likely find the ad.?
A. An forum on education. B. A school booklet.
C. A sales promotion. D. A men’s magazine.
【答案】26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了21世纪的父亲应该具有的各种品质。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据各个Hat部分中关于21世纪父亲的责任的描述：“Raising children, not yelling, taking mom out to romantic dinners, listening, “being there.”(抚养孩子，不大喊大叫，带妈妈出去吃浪漫晚餐，倾听，“在那里”)”、“Taking family to baseball games in summer, going sleigh riding in winter, being goofy, dancing.(夏天带家人去看棒球比赛，冬天去坐雪橇，傻乎乎的，跳舞)”、“Holding down a good job, making enough money to support family and pay for vacations.(有一份好工作，赚足够的钱养家糊口和度假)以及” Taking care of the house and yard. Must know basic carpentry, landscaping, plumbing, and electrical work.(照顾房子和院子。必须了解基本的木工，园林绿化，管道和电气工作)”可推知，广告中的“帽子”实际上指的是人们期望的父亲所具有的品质。故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据THE LOVING HAT部分的“Raising children, not yelling, taking mom out to romantic dinners, listening, “being there.”(抚养孩子，不大喊大叫，带妈妈出去吃浪漫晚餐，倾听，“在那里”)”；THE MONEY HAT部分的“Holding down a good job, making enough money to support family and pay for vacations.(有一份好工作，赚足够的钱养家糊口和度假)”以及THE HANDYMAN HAT部分的“Must know basic carpentry, landscaping, plumbing, and electrical work.(必须了解基本的木工，园林绿化，管道和电气工作)”可知，21世纪的父亲需要在工作和生活之间保持良好的平衡、能够使用电动工具工作以及注意他孩子和伴侣的需要。选项C“帮助他的孩子做所有的功课”没有提到。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据THE FUN HAT部分中的“Taking family to baseball games in summer, going sleigh riding in winter, being goofy, dancing.(夏天带家人去看棒球比赛，冬天去坐雪橇，傻乎乎的，跳舞)”可知，一位经常让家人参加不同运动的21世纪父亲最适合THE FUN HAT。故选B。
29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章开头“The following is a Want ad for a 21st-century father.(以下是一则招聘21世纪父亲的广告)”可知，文章主要介绍了21世纪的父亲应该具有的各种品质。由此可推知，文章最有可能出自一本男性的杂志。故选D。
B
It is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It’ s not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it’ s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini(西葫芦).
My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That ’ s when she decided it was time to share her blessings. She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “ Feel free to take whatever you want,” Sharon told her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to waste.
A few days later, Sharon answered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.”
Sharon couldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you did,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I’ve ever seen.”
Sharon was confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’ t even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, “ Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”
The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”
30. Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?
A. They might be stolen by thieves.
B. They might be moved away by the police.
C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.
D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.
31. What does the underlined word “blessings” in the second paragraph mean?
A. Tomatoes. B. God’s protection.
C. Helpful things. D. Best wishes.
32. What did the neighbor do in Sharon’s garden?
A. She harvested tomatoes only.
B. She harvested zucchini by accident.
C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.
D. She stole something without Sharon’s permission.
33. We can infer from the article that the neighbor’s bread would taste________.
A. bitter but tasty B. strange and bitter
C. hard and sour D. soft and sweet
【答案】30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的嫂子邀请一位邻居去她家菜园里随便采摘西红柿和其他喜欢的蔬菜，而邻居在菜园里却错误地把老黄瓜当作了西葫芦，并且她用这个材料做成了面包拿来和邻居一块分享。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Rather, it’s because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year’s large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.( 相反，这是因为善良的邻居们想要分享他们的收获。特别是今年的大丰收，在我的社区留下一辆车不上锁是在邀请某人把它装满西葫芦)”可知作者建议附近的人们锁上自己的车是因为他们的邻居可能往车里填自己的收成，故选C。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。上文“My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes.(我的嫂子，Sharon，最近西红柿有个好收成)”可推断划线句“That’s when she decided it was time to share her blessings.”意思是她觉得是时候与别人分享自己的西红柿了，故blessings指代“tomatoes西红柿”。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Sharon smiled, “Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”(Sharon笑着说：“嗯，事实上，这些黄瓜我们从来没有收获过，因为它们太大，太软又苦，不能吃，也不能装成罐头)”可知邻居在Sharon的菜园里错误地采摘了一些黄瓜，故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, “Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”(当邻居指着这些长长的绿色蔬菜时，Sharon笑着说：“事实上，那是我们从来没有收获过的黄瓜，因为它们太大，太软，太苦，不能吃，也不能装罐头。”)”以及最后一段“I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.（我给你带来了一条黄瓜面包。我希望你喜欢它。）”可推知用苦涩的黄瓜做的面包味道自然是奇怪的和苦的，故选B。
C
The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents. But through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server, she isn't able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home.
To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.
UBS Financial Services released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn't want them to leave.
The report shows that 74 percent of millennials (千禧一代)get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.
Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Services Group in the US, said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession. Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn't necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.
“ There's no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases of things people spend money on related to household formation and perhaps related to child-raising," Hoffman explained. "But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don't have a house expense or marriage. I don't know if it represents a change in moral values. But it's much more common for adult children to live in their parents’ homes because it's becoming part of the culture.
34. What can we learn from the UBS Financial Services' report?
A. Millennials are on good terms with their parents.
B. Millennials are financially independent after college.
C. Parents are unwilling to give their young adults allowance.
D. Parents want their kids to stay with them forever.
35. What does Hoffman think of young adults' living at home?
A. It increases the consumption of household products.
B. It may continue despite job growth.
C. It is a sign of shift in moral values.
D. It is new in American culture.
36. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To introduce millennials' living habits.
B. To stress the importance of financial independence.
C. To explain why American young adults still live at home.
D. To inform people of a social trend in the US.
【答案】34. A 35. B 36. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在西方的传统观念中，成年意味着离开父母独立生活。然而现在越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母住在一起。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college.(研究发现，千禧一代重新定义了父母和孩子之间的联系。千禧一代视父母为同龄人、朋友和导师。近四分之三的人在大学期间每周与父母交谈不止一次。)”可推断，千禧一代和父母相处得很好。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“ said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession.Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn't necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest.(他说，在大萧条期间，年轻人依靠自己自立谋生的人数下降了。虽然自2014年以来千禧一代的就业增长有所改善，但这并不一定意味着千禧一代开始筑巢。)”和“He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.(他们可能喜欢住在家里，能够省钱。)”可推断，Hoffman认为尽管就业有所改善，年轻人会继续住在家里。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，同时根据第二段“To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.（在某种程度上，多代同堂的家庭，一直是美国生活的一部分。然而，搬回家和父母同住的年轻人数量——或者说从来没有离开过家的人数——一直在稳步增长。）”可知，本文主要介绍了在美国，越来越多的年轻人倾向于与父母同住的这样一种社会趋势，选项D.“To inform people of a social trend in the US.（告诉人们美国的一种社会趋势。）”最能概括作者的写作目的。故选D。
D
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.
The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!
37. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Advertisements steal money from our pockets
B. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. Advertisements are everywhere.
38. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?
A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.
B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.
C. He believes what is said in advertisements.
D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.
39. Which of the following is Not True?
A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.
B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.
C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
40. Whicof the following shows the structure of the passage?
( ①=" Paragraph" 1, ②=" paragraph" 2, ③=" paragraph" 3, ④=" paragraph" 4 ⑤=" paragraph" 5)
A. B. C. D.
【答案】37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章首先提出广告上遭批评的现象，然后从四个方面对这种现象提出反驳：广告可以让我们更加了解商品的性能、价格等；广告让我们的生活不那么枯燥；广告有益于我们的钱包；小广告对社区提供了有用的服务。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.（广告向我们介绍新产品或提醒我们已经知道的产品的存在。假如你想买一台洗衣机，你很可能会从广告中获得有关性能、价格等方面的细节）和最后一段的“Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! （另一件我们不能忘记的事情是“小广告”。他们为社区提供了多么有用的服务！）”可知，文章主要介绍了广告商为社区提供有用的服务。故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets.（我们也不能忘记，广告对我们的钱包有积极的贡献）”可推知，作者对广告的态度是欣赏的。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. （但如果我们认为广告的唯一目的是销售商品，那我们就错了）”可知，B项“广告的唯一目的就是销售商品”是错误的。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章可知，第一段提出广告商遭批评的现象；后面四段从四个方面对这种现象提出反驳：第二段提出广告可以让我们更加了解商品的性能、价格等；第三段提出广告让我们的生活不那么枯燥；第四段提出广告有益于我们的钱包；最有一段提出小广告对社区提供了有用的服务。因此文章的结构为第一段总述，后面四段独立阐述原因。故选D。
【点睛】
第 II 卷
V. 单词填空：根据句义、首字母及所给英文释义，填入所缺单词的适当形式。（共 10 小题，每空仅限填一词；每空 1 分，满分 10 分）
41. Light is absolutely e________ for the healthy development of plants. (completely necessary)（根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】essential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：光对于植物的健康生长是绝对必要的。分析句子可知，设空处接在be动词后作表语，根据英文提示和首字母以及整个句意可知是essential（必要的），故填essential。
42. I think we d________ a good rest after all that hard work. (should have something) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】deserve
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：辛苦工作了这么久，我觉得我们应该好好休息一下。分析句子结构可知，think后面为省略了that的宾语从句，从句缺少谓语，根据句意“应得”和首字母提示“d”可知，应填动词deserve作宾语从句的谓语，此处陈述客观情况，使用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词使用原形。故填deserve。
43. He could not stand the p________ and the workload, so he chose to leave the company. (the speed at which something happens) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】pace
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他无法忍受工作的速度和工作量，所以他选择离开公司。根据句意、首字母提示及括号内解释，可知空白处填名词“速度”，pace“速度”为名词，故填pace。
44. I________ reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed. (happening at the beginning) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】Initial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：最初的报道称有7人死亡，但这一消息尚未得到证实。根据句意“最初的”和首字母“I”可知，空处应填形容词initial作定语，修饰名词reports。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Initial。
45. To our amazement, he learned to d________ the songs of different birds. (recognize the differences between thing) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】distinguish
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：使我们惊奇的是，他学会了分辨不同鸟的叫声。根据句意“区分”和首字母“d”以及空前的“learned to”可知，空处应填动词distinguish，与to构成动词不定式作宾语。故填distinguish。
46. We cannot g________ that our flights will never be delayed. (promise to do something) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】guarantee
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不能保证我们的航班永远不会延误。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“承诺做某事”可知应填动词guarantee，作谓语，且cannot后跟动词原形。故填guarantee。
47. I was told that he was sincerely a________ of our support. (be grateful) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】appreciative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我被告知说他很感激我们的支持。根据句意、副词，首字母提示、括号内英文解释及设空前副词可知，此处要用形容词“感激的”，appreciative“感激的”为形容词。故填appreciative。
48. We are looking for someone who is r________ and hard-working to be in charge of the project. (that can be trusted) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】reliable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们正在寻找一个可靠并且工作努力的人来负责这个项目。分析句子可知，设空处接在be动词后作表语，应用形容词，根据英文提示和首字母以及句意“可靠的”，故填reliable。
49. Tom carried on reading, seemingly u________ of my presence. (not knowing about something) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】unaware
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤姆继续看书，似乎没有意识到我的存在。根据单词首字母以及英文提示“不知道某事”，可知应填形容词unaware，作状语。故填unaware。
50. The money she gave us is not s________ to cover everything that needs doing. (enough) （根据英文提示单词拼写）
【答案】sufficient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她给我们的钱不够支付所有需要做的事情。根据英文提示词“enough”和首字母“s”以及空前的“is”可知，应填形容词sufficient作表语，意为“足够的”。故填sufficient。
VI. 短语填空：根据句义，用所给短语适当形式完成下列句子。
（共 10 小题；每空 1 分，满分 10 分。每个短语只能用一次。有两个短语是多余的。）
根据句义，用所给短语适当形式完成下列句子
bring...into focus, account for, keep on, have yet to, look through, drag one’s feet, do the trick, more often than not, throw light on, turn over a new leaf, go about, laughing stock
51. You need to tell him to________. He should start working harder. Luckily, we still have got some time before the exam.
52. The villagers were________ their business as usual. Tony the sailor decided to set off for his adventure.
53. The surgery on my knee seemed to________.
54. At the meeting yesterday, these issues were ________ we hope the situation will be improved soon.
55. The truth must never get out. If it did she would be a________;
56. ________, this kind of arguments could have been avoided.
57. The authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also________ sensitive or emotive issues.
58. Recent pressures at work may ________ Steve’s odd behavior. He needs our assistance.
59. It’s already 4 o'clock. Some students ________ return, but many others have come back.
60. ________ my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
【答案】51. turn over a new leaf
52. going about
53. do the trick
54. brought into focus
55. laughing stock
56. More often than not
57. throw light on
58. account for
59. have yet to
60. Looking through
【解析】
【分析】
【51题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：你得告诉他改过自新。他应该更努力了。幸运的是，离考试还有一段时间。短语turn over a new leaf，意为“改过自新”，接在不定式符号to（tell sb to do）后面用原形，根据句意和语境，故填turn over a new leaf。
【52题详解】
考查固定短语和过去进行时。句意：村民们像往常一样忙着自己的事情。水手托尼决定出发去历险。短语go about，意为“处理”，和前面的were构成过去进行时，用现在分词，根据句意和语境，故填going about。
【53题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我膝盖上的手术似乎达到了预期效果。短语do the trick，意为“奏效，达到预期效果”，接在不定式符号to（seem to do）后面用原形，根据句意和语境，故填do the trick。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语和被动语态。句意：在昨天会议上，这些问题得到了关注。我们希望形势能很快得到改善。短语bring into focus，意为“使注意，使明确”，和前面的were构成被动语态，用过去分词，根据句意和语境，故填brought into focus。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：真相绝不能泄露出去。如果真是这样，她会成为一个笑柄。短语laughing stock，意为“笑料，笑柄”，前面有a修饰，应为名词性短语，故填laughing stock。
【56题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：通常情况下，这种争论是可以避免的。短语more often than not，意为“往往，多半”，位于句首，首字母大写，根据句意和语境，故填More often than not。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：作者明白幽默不仅能娱乐，还能阐明敏感或情绪化的问题。短语throw light on，意为“说明”，接在情态动词后，用原形，根据句意和语境，故填throw light on。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：最近的工作压力可能是史蒂夫古怪行为的原因。他需要我们的帮助。短语account for，意为“说明（原因，理由等）”，接在情态动词后，用原形，根据句意和语境，故填account for。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：已经4点了。一些学生还没有回来，但是很多人已经回来了。短语have yet to，意为“还没有”，根据下文，可知是一般现在时，主语是Some students，谓语用复数，根据句意和语境，故填have yet to。
【60题详解】
考查固定短语和现在分词。句意：浏览报纸时，我被一些照片震惊了，这些照片显示一场飓风在亚洲摧毁了一个城镇。短语look through，意为“浏览”，分析句子可知，设空处作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，位于句首，首字母要大写，根据句意和语境，故填Looking through。
VI. 书面表达（共 1 小题，满分 15 分）
61. 假如你是明华。你收到你的朋友子悠用微信发来的一段信息。
I have something to tell you. I feel very upset recently. I failed in the national English speaking contest. Before the contest, I competed against a girl at school. I won, but it was because I was lucky. Now, I do believe the girl should have gone to the national competition instead. If she had, the school would have won the first prize. Now, I can not focus myself in class. I can not sleep well at night. I am such a failure!
看完后，你决定编辑一段信息发给子悠，包括以下要点：
1. 表示关心；
2. 给予安慰；
3. 正面开导。
注意：1. 开头已经给出；
2. 词数 100 左右
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hi，Ziyou. After reading your message, I...
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hi, Ziyou.
After reading your message, I’m sorry you are having such trouble in your life. I understand quite well how uncomfortable you are feeling now because I also had a similar experience. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Here are some tips to help you.
To start with, it’s not your fault-you have nothing to reproach yourself with. Then, be confident in yourself as you won the contest previously, which meant you had the ability to go further. Besides, as the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.You can take the failure as a chance to improve yourself. By doing this you are letting people know how successful you are.
Hopefully, my advice is of benefit to you. I’m looking forward to hearing your good news.
Yours,
Ming Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给朋友子悠在微信里提到的问题，发信息给予关心和慰问，同时给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
自责：blame yourself→reproach yourself with
自信的：assured→confident
提升：promote→improve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You can take the failure as a chance to improve yourself.
拓展句：You can take the failure as a chance to improve yourself, which to some extent will give you much motivation to win next time.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
I understand quite well how uncomfortable you are feeling now because I also had a similar experience.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Then, be confident in yourself as you won the contest previously, which meant you had the ability to go further.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
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