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2022-2023学年黑龙江省鸡西市密山县高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年黑龙江省鸡西市密山县高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年黑龙江省鸡西市密山县高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
There are four fun festivals throughout the year in Brazil.
Festa Junina
Festa Junina is celebrated all over Brazil for the entire month of June as a yearly celebration of Saint John.It celebrates country life with typical clothes，food and dances inside a large tent，with decorations such as colored flags，beautiful table cloths and balloons.
Oktoberfest
The Germanic roots of the south of Brazil brought this traditional German festival to Brazil，where it has become one of the most popular beer festivals.Held in the middle of October every year in Blumenau，it celebrates typical German cuisine and plenty of beer.There're all kinds of German foods at the festival.
Festival de Cachaca
Every year in the town of Paraty，Festival de Cachaca is held for cachaca，the national alcohol （酒） made from sugarcane （甘蔗）.This festival is held over a long weekend in August and it gives you a chance to try cachaca.There are also shows of samba （桑巴舞） and food trucks.It's also a great opportunity to get to know the beautiful town of Paraty.
Parintins Folklore Festival
The festival held every year in Parintins is the second largest in Brazil after the carnival.It goes over a period of three days at the end of June and celebrates the Amazonian legend of a resurrected ox （复活的牛）.The main attraction of the festival is the competition between the two teams Garantido and Caprichoso that compete to retell the story of the ox through a mix of dancing and singing.
1. Which festival lasts the longest time？ ______
A. Oktoberfest. B. Festa Junina.
C. Festival de Cachaca. D. Parintins Folklore Festival.
2. What can you do if you attend Oktoberfest？ ______
A. Taste German food. B. Watch shows of samba.
C. Drink the national alcohol. D. Listen to the story of the ox.
3. What do the four festivals have in common？ ______
A. They are yearly activities.
B. They enjoy global popularity.
C. They focus on food and dancing.
D. They are celebrated all over Brazil.
B
There was once a boy called Mario who loved to have lots of friends at school. However, he wasn't sure whether or not his classmates were his true friends, so he asked his grandpa. The old man answered, "I have just exactly what you need; it's in the attic (阁楼). Wait here for a minute."
Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand but Mario could see nothing there. "Take it. It's a very special chair. Because it's invisible (无形的); it's rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you'll be able to tell who your true friends are."
Mario took the strange invisible chair and went to school. At break time he asked everyone to form a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. "You're about to see something amazing," Mario said.
Then Mario tried sitting on the chair. He missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone had a pretty good laugh. Mario wouldn't be beaten. He kept trying to sit on the magic chair, and kept falling to the ground—until, suddenly, he tried again and didn't fall. This time—he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.
Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana—three of his best friends—holding him up, so he wouldn't fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall.
Leaving with his three friends, Mario explained to them how his grandpa had so cleverly thought of such a good idea. Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.
4. What did Mario's grandpa take from the attic?
A. An invisible chair. B. An old chair.
C. A real chair. D. Nothing.
5. Why did Mario's grandpa give him the invisible chair?
A. To see whether Mario could sit on it.
B. To test who Mario's true friends were.
C. To let Mario have fun with his classmates.
D. To test whether Mario did well at school.
6. How was Mario able to hover in mid-air?
A. He saw the invisible chair suddenly.
B. He managed to sit on the chair finally.
C. His friends held him up with their hands.
D. His classmates gave him a chair to sit on.
7. What does the story tell us?
A. Never laugh at our friends.
B. True friends can help us do magic.
C. True friends are those who care for us.
D. Having too many good friends isn't a good thing.
C
When you play video games，what types of games do you play？Do you enjoy creative，imaginative games like Minecraft？Or are sports or racing games more your style？
Another popular kind of video game is the role-playing game （RPG）.Although RPGs may combine many elements from other types of games，the key aspect of an RPG is that，as a player，you assume the role of a specific character.Whether you're in a fantasy，historical or modern-day setting，you interact with the game's imaginary world as if you were the character you play.
Fascinating as modern role-playing video games are，they all have a very low-technology origin：the pen and paper tabletop （桌面） game Dungeons and Dragons （D&D）.Created by Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax in 1974，D&D was the first RPG.Even though it wasn't electronic，it had all the characteristics that RPGs have become known for：interesting characters，classes，abilities，races，and experience points.D&D players used pencils，paper，books and dice （骰子）.
They used their imagination to create attractive storylines （故事情节） and，perhaps most importantly，had a lot of real，face-to-face social interaction with their friends.D&D set the stage for all the RPGs that would follow.Now，high-tech RPGs have become the choice of most young people.However，D&D is still played today by many despite the prevalence of the high-tech video games.
Players of RPGs usually focus on how much fun they have playing the game.However，besides all that fun，they are also learning a variety of skills that will help them in school and their future careers.RPGs require a lot of reading，so they definitely help improve reading skills.Developing imaginative storylines for characters requires a high level of creativity.As players develop their storytelling skills，they also learn how to think critically and solve problems as part of a team.Face-to-face interaction with friends also improves social skills.
8. What do the players need to do in an RPG？ ______
A. Choose a role. B. Design a scene.
C. Make up a story. D. Fight the enemy.
9. What do we know about the first role-playing game？ ______
A. It's pretty easy to play. B. Players play it face to face.
C. The Internet is a must for it. D. It is a single computer game.
10. What does the underlined word "prevalence" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Importance. B. Convenience. C. Popularity. D. Improvement.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on？ ______
A. Fun of playing RPGs. B. Tips for playing RPGs.
C. Specific rules of RPGs. D. Benefits of RPGs for players.
D
Have you ever been on an airplane，minding your own business，and found your eyes filled with tears for no reason？Or perhaps you sat near someone who burst into tears.Is there something happening to your body that triggers （引发） the tears？
There sure is!When you're inside a flying airplane，you're miles off the ground.Not exactly a place where humans usually find themselves.The airplane is pressurized （加压） to keep passengers comfortable.But it's still not the pressure levels that you'll experience at ground level.It's a bit like having climbed a pretty high mountain.
The primary tear-trigger is the lower amount of oxygen in your blood.The oxygen levels in the plane are lower than you'll find on the ground.And it can bring you bad feelings.
Another cause is dehydration（脱水）.Because the air in the plane is very dry，we may get dehydrated.And being dehydrated can have all kinds of harmful effects on your 30，000-foot-high body，which is making you have bad feelings like sadness and worry.In fact，there is a spiritual reason，too!Even if you're not afraid of planes，it's a high-stress situation.Taking a flight often involves saying goodbye to someone in the place you're leaving.You can also be worried about plane crash or losing your baggage.
You can drink plenty of water before your flight to fight back your tears.You can also keep your mind busy with a puzzle or brain game.And if you're going to watch a movie，maybe choose one that's a bit more relaxing.In short，make flying a more pleasant and less stressful experience.
12. Why did the author raise questions in Paragraph 1？ ______
A. To lead to the topic of the text.
B. To give background information.
C. To research how many people cry on an airplane.
D. To ask who knows why people cry on an airplane.
13. What triggers tears when you're on an airplane according to Paragraph 2？ ______
A. The temperature inside the plane.
B. The altitude you're at.
C. The weather.
D. Your health.
14. Which one is RIGHT according to Paragraph 4？ ______
A. One shouldn't sleep in the plane in case of losing his/her baggage.
B. One may not feel afraid when the plane flies below 30，000 feet high.
C. One that often feels sad or worried is not fit to take a plane.
D. One may lose too much water from his/her body when he/she travels by plane.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. Suggestions on how to take a safe flight.
B. Advice on how to get over fears when flying.
C. Tips on how to hold back tears while you're flying.
D. Ways of making you comfortable while you're flying.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Green architecture is designed in an environmentally-friendly way.Many people think interest in green architecture has only begun in recent years. （1） ______ Our ancient ancestors were intelligent.They also knew the fact that green architecture is more able to fit in with nature and more practical.
（2） ______ These include heating and cooling，water usage，environmental quality and energy usage.Architects can deal with all of these in various ways，all of which are designed to increase efficiency without affecting the function of the building.
To make it，much of green architecture focuses on building intelligently.For example，plumbing systems （管道系统） may be designed to use less water while still functioning normally. （3） ______
Many architects build environmentally to show people that it's possible.And they want to show the fact that being environmentally-friendly does not have to make a building bad-looking. （4） ______
A courtyard with plants，for example，can be nicer to view.
The green design can be kept in mind when we build various future buildings，ranging from a private home to a tall office building.Green designs can also be applied to remodeling （改造） and repairing existing buildings. （5） ______ Many governments are thus encouraging remodeling and repairing instead of building new ones.
A.The goal is to make a building prettier.
B.Not many buildings have great green designs.
C.A green building's design need solve many problems.
D.In fact，humans have tried green architecture for thousands of years.
E.After all，pulling down a building can quite damage the environment.
F.Actually，many of the green designs can make a building more beautiful.
G.And smart lighting would turn off when people are not around to save energy.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top successfully，but on their way back conditions were very （1） ______ .Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon continued alone，he would probably get back （2） ______ .But Simon decided to risk his（3） ______ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）.
As they （4） ______ down，the weather got worse.Then another （5） ______ occurred.They couldn't see or hear each other and，（ 6） ______ ，Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe's （7） ______ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. （8） ______ ，after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to make a decision.In tears，he cut the rope.Joe （9） ______ into a huge crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn't walk，but he （10） ______ to get out of the crevasse and started to move towards their camp，nearly ten kilometers （11） ______ .
Simon had （12） ______ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be （13） ______ ，but he didn't want to leave （14） ______ .Three days later，in the middle of the night，he heard Joe's voice.He couldn't （15） ______ it.Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive.
21. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal
22. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
23. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
24. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked
25. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble
26. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by choice D. by luck
27. A. height B. strength C. weight D. equipment
28. A. Finally B. Patiently C. Surely D. Quickly
29. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed
30. A. waited B. planned C. managed D. hoped
31. A. around B. away C. above D. along
32. A. headed for B. travelled to C. left for D. returned to
33. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late
34. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously
35. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36.
Woman：
Richard，are you familiar with the story of Robinson Crusoe？
Man：
Of course，it's a very famous story of survival.
Woman：
So（1） ______ do you think helps Crusoe get through a hard life on a small island for 28 years？
Man：
Well，the way I see it，one important thing for his survival is his （2） ______ （calm） in the face of the difficult situation. （3） ______ （have） himself alone on an island，he doesn't lose his head，but gets his necessary things ，such as guns，tools and food from the ship，before it （4） ______ （destroy） by a storm.
Woman：
I can't agree more.And （5） ______ （person），I think he is also very wise.Just as you mentioned，with his gun and the rice，he can hunt （6） ______ and grow his own food.
Man：
Yes.I am also amazed by how knowledgeable he is.He can make （7） ______ fire by rubbing pieces of wood together.What's your take on this？
Woman：
I think so，too.And what about when he makes tools，such as spades out of wood and cups out of clay？Without those things，he would have had a much （8） ______ （ hard） time there!
Man：
That's true.I'm quite impressed when he takes 18 whole days to widen and （9） ______ （ deep） his cave with simple tools made of wood.And what surprises me more is （10） ______ when the cave is ruined by a sudden fall of earth，he doesn't feel depressed，but quickly redoes the work.
Woman：
Yes，I see what you're getting at.And I believe that also reveals his positive attitude.That's quite inspiring.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 近年来，我国北方地区冬季经常出现雾霾天气。请为你校英文校报写一篇短文，内容包括：
（1）雾霾的频繁出现；
（2）雾霾的危害；
（3）雾霾给我们的启示。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：雾霾 haze
38. When I was in the fifth grade，my parents and I moved abroad.One day，when reading the newspaper，I learned my hometown had just gone through a big natural disaster.And my hometown couldn't get enough new school supplies for kids.I wondered how the kids were going to school if they didn't have basic things like desks and books.
That same year，my school received new desks.The hundreds of old ones，which were still in good condition，were put into storage （贮存）.And I learned there was little chance that the old desks would be used by my school again.I thought it was a waste.If my school really didn't need the desks，could I send them to the kids in my hometown？When I told my parents about the old desks at my school and what I thought could be done with them，they loved the idea.
Then，we asked a leader of my school if the school could have the desks donated to my hometown.She said she needed to get some other people's agreement.One day later，she gave us the answer.It was "yes"!But she wasn't sure whether we were able to move the desks to such a far place.Desks are very heavy and it would cost a lot to ship them.
But my parents and I wouldn't give up.We began e-mailing organizations that worked for children's rights，asking for their help.My parents' friends also helped us by e-mailing shipping companies，hoping they'd agree to ship the desks to my hometown.
Eventually，our efforts paid off.With the help of some organizations，a shipping company promised to ship the desks to my hometown through one of their big containers.And they'd let us use their trucks to transport the desks to the container.But we needed to load （装上） the desks onto the trucks and then carry the desks from the trucks to the container ourselves.
注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
When the day arrived，my parents and I started to move the desks onto the trucks.
Paragraph 2：
Then we waited for the desks to reach my hometown.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Festa Junina中的Festa Junina is celebrated all over Brazil for the entire month of June as a yearly celebration of Saint John.（整个六月，巴西都在庆祝朱尼纳节，这是一年一度的圣约翰节。）Oktoberfest中的Held in the middle of October every year in Blumenau（每年十月中旬在布鲁门瑙举行）Festival de Cachaca中的This festival is held over a long weekend in August（这个节日在八月的一个长周末举行）Parintins Folklore Festival中的It goes over a period of three days at the end of June（它在六月底持续三天）可知，持续时间最长的是Festa Junina。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据Oktoberfest中的There're all kinds of German foods at the festival.（节日里有各种各样的德国食物。）可知，如果参加Oktoberfest可以尝到美味的德国食物。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Festa Junina中的Festa Junina is celebrated all over Brazil for the entire month of June as a yearly celebration of Saint John.（整个六月，巴西都在庆祝朱尼纳节，这是一年一度的圣约翰节。）Oktoberfest中的Held in the middle of October every year in Blumenau（每年十月中旬在布鲁门瑙举行）Festival de Cachaca中的Every year in the town of Paraty，Festival de Cachaca is held for cachaca，the national alcohol （酒） made from sugarcane （甘蔗）.（在帕拉蒂镇，每年都会为cachaca举办Cachaca节，cachaca是一种用甘蔗酿制的国酒。）和Parintins Folklore Festival中的The festival held every year in Parintins is the second largest in Brazil after the carnival.（每年在帕林丁斯举行的这个节日是巴西仅次于狂欢节的第二大节日。）可知，这四个节日的共同之处是它们都是一年一度的。故选A。
本文主要介绍了巴西四个有趣的节日，分别是"六月节"、"啤酒节"、"卡恰卡节"和"帕林廷斯民间传说节"。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、B、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。为了帮助Mario知道谁是自己真正的朋友，Mario的爷爷给了Mario一把“隐形的椅子”。通过它，Mario成功测试出了自己真正的朋友。真正的朋友是在我们处于困境时，真正关心我们，帮助我们的人。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand but Mario could see nothing there.（爷爷走了，很快就回来了，好像手里拿着什么东西，但马里奥什么也没看到。）可知，他从阁楼里没有拿任何东西。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Take it. It's a very special chair. Because it's invisible (无形的); it's rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you'll be able to tell who your true friends are."（“拿上它。这是一把非常特别的椅子。因为它是无形的；它很难坐在上面，但如果你把它带到学校去并设法坐在上面，你就能分辨出谁是你真正的朋友。”）可知，爷爷告诉Mario如果他可以坐到这把隐形的椅子上，那么Mario就可以知道谁是自己真正的朋友。由此可知，爷爷给Mario隐形椅子的目的是为了测试谁是他真正的朋友。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段This time—he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.（这一次，他坐着，在半空中悬停。）和第五段中的Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana—three of his best friends—holding him up, so he wouldn't fall.（环顾四周，Mario看到George、Lucas和Diana——他最好的三个朋友——扶着他，不让他摔倒。）可知，Mario的三个最好的朋友扶住了他，所以他才没有摔倒。故选C.
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.（现在他知道了，那些在我们困难时以我们的不幸为乐的人不是我们真正的朋友。）可知，真正的朋友是在我们处于困境时，真正关心我们，帮助我们的人。Mario的三个朋友的做法也证明了这一点。故选C。
8~11.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的Although RPGs may combine many elements from other types of games，the key aspect of an RPG is that，as a player，you assume the role of a specific character.（尽管RPG可能结合了其他类型游戏的许多元素，但RPG的关键在于，作为玩家，你要扮演一个特定的角色）可知，玩家在RPG游戏中需要选择角色。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段的Created by Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax in 1974，D&D was the first RPG.（由Dave Arneson和Gary Gygax于1974年创立，D&D是第一款RPG。）以及第四段的They used their imagination to create attractive storylines （故事情节） and，perhaps most importantly，had a lot of real，face-to-face social interaction with their friends.（他们用自己的想象力创造了吸引人的故事情节，也许最重要的是，他们与朋友进行了大量真实、面对面的社交互动）可知，在第一款角色扮演游戏中玩家面对面打游戏。故选B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段的Now，high-tech RPGs have become the choice of most young people.（现在，高科技的RPG已经成为大多数年轻人的选择）"和"of the high-tech video games（高科技电子游戏）可知，划线词所在的句子表示"然而，尽管高科技电子游戏盛行，仍然有许多人玩D&D"，划线词prevalence意为"受欢迎程度"。A项"重要性"；B项"便利"；C项"受欢迎"；D项"提高"。故选C。
（4）段落大意题。根据最后一段的RPGs require a lot of reading，so they definitely help improve reading skills.Developing imaginative storylines for characters requires a high level of creativity.As players develop their storytelling skills，they also learn how to think critically and solve problems as part of a team.Face-to-face interaction with friends also improves social skills.（RPG需要大量阅读，所以它们无疑有助于提高阅读技能。为角色发展富有想象力的故事情节需要很高的创造力。随着玩家讲故事技巧的提高，他们也学会了如何批判性地思考和作为团队的一员解决问题。与朋友面对面的交流也能提高社交技能）可知，最后一段主要讲的是RPG对玩家的好处。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是角色扮演游戏RPG。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）写作意图题。根据文章第一段Have you ever been on an airplane，minding your own business，and found your eyes filled with tears for no reason？Or perhaps you sat near someone who burst into tears.Is there something happening to your body that triggers （引发） the tears？（你是否曾经在飞机上，想着自己的事情，却发现自己的眼睛里莫名其妙地充满了泪水？或者你坐在某人旁边，他突然大哭起来。是你的身体发生了什么事导致你流泪吗？）尤其最后一句，可推断，作者第一段提问引出本文主题，下文展开说明导致乘客在飞机飞行中落泪的原因。故选 A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段When you're inside a flying airplane，you're miles off the ground.Not exactly a place where humans usually find themselves.The airplane is pressurized （加压） to keep passengers comfortable.But it's still not the pressure levels that you'll experience at ground level.It's a bit like having climbed a pretty high mountain. （当你在一架飞行的飞机里时，你离地面有好几英里。这可不是人类通常会去的地方。这架飞机是加压的，使乘客感到舒适。但这仍然不是你在地面上所感受到的压力水平。这有点像爬了一座很高的山。）可知，飞机在空中，离地面距离几英里处时，会促发乘客落泪，即：乘客所在的海拔高度会促发人落泪。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Another cause is dehydration （脱水）.Because the air in the plane is very dry，we may get dehydrated. （另一个原因是脱水。因为飞机里的空气很干燥，我们可能会脱水。）可知，在飞机飞行过程中，乘客会失去太多的水。故选D。
（4）段落大意题。根据文章最后一段You can drink plenty of water before your flight to fight back your tears.You can also keep your mind busy with a puzzle or brain game.And if you're going to watch a movie，maybe choose one that's a bit more relaxing.In short，make flying a more pleasant and less stressful experience. （你可以在飞行前喝大量的水来抑制你的眼泪。你也可以让你的大脑忙于拼图或益智游戏。如果你要去看电影，可以选择一部更放松的电影。简而言之，让飞行变得更愉快，压力更小。）可知，这一段作者提供了几个可以防止在飞机上落泪的方法。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在飞机上人们莫名落泪的原因，并给出了几条抑制落泪的小建议。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】D、C、G、F、E
【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。根据上文Many people think interest in green architecture has only begun in recent years （许多人认为对绿色建筑的兴趣是最近几年才开始的），下文Our ancient ancestors were intelligent.They also knew the fact that green architecture is more able to fit in with nature and more practical. （我们的祖先很聪明。他们也知道绿色建筑更能适应自然，更实用。）可知，下文提及祖先们对绿色建筑的使用，因此否定了上文中人们的观点，故设空处与上文为转折关系，D项：In fact，humans have tried green architecture for thousands of years. （事实上，人类已经尝试绿色建筑几千年了。）符合语境，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据下文These include heating and cooling，water usage，environmental quality and energy usage.Architects can deal with all of these in various ways，all of which are designed to increase efficiency without affecting the function of the building. （这些包括供暖和制冷、用水、环境质量和能源使用。建筑师可以用不同的方式来处理所有这些问题，所有这些都是为了在不影响建筑功能的情况下提高效率。）可知，下文中提及的heating and cooling，water usage，environmental quality and energy usage都是在建筑师要注意的问题，他们通过诸多的方式来解决这些问题，C项：A green building's design need solve many problems. （绿色建筑的设计需要解决很多问题），下文的These指代C项中的many problems，符合语境，故选C。
（3）逻辑关系题。根据上文To make it，much of green architecture focuses on building intelligently.For example，plumbing systems （管道系统） may be designed to use less water while still functioning normally. （为了实现这一目标，许多绿色建筑都专注于智能建筑。例如，管道系统可以被设计成在使用更少的水的同时仍能正常运行。）可知，本段介绍智能建筑的运用，G项：And smart lighting would turn off when people are not around to save energy. （当人们不在时，智能照明会关闭以节省能源），G项中的智能照明和上一句的管道系统为具体的两个例子，为并列句，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文Many architects build environmentally to show people that it's possible.And they want to show the fact that being environmentally-friendly does not have to make a building bad-looking. （许多建筑师建造环保建筑是为了向人们展示这是可能的。他们想要展示的事实是，环保并不一定会让建筑看起来很糟糕。）可知，环保建筑不一定很糟糕，也许很漂亮，F项：Actually，many of the green designs can make a building more beautiful. （事实上，许多绿色设计可以使建筑更漂亮。）F项符合语境，故选F。
（5）逻辑关系题。根据上文Green designs can also be applied to remodeling （改造） and repairing existing buildings （绿色设计也可以应用于改造和修复现有建筑。）可知，绿色建筑的设计也可用于改造和修复旧建筑，下一句将提及与existing buildings相关的信息，根据下文Many governments are thus encouraging remodeling and repairing instead of building new ones. （因此，许多政府鼓励重建和修复，而不是新建。）根据thus可知，下文为设空处情况的结果，E项：After all，pulling down a building can quite damage the environment. （毕竟，拆除建筑物会严重破坏环境），E项承接上文，与下文为因果关系，符合语境，故选E。
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑的概念、优势和实现方式。
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】A、B、D、C、D、A、C、A、B、C、B、D、A、C、B
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.difficult困难的；B.similar相似的；C.special特别的；D.normal正常的。句意：他们成功地到达了山顶，但回来的路上条件非常困难。根据下文"Joe fell and broke his leg."可知，从山顶回去很困难。故选A。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.unwillingly不愿意地；B.safely安全地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.regretfully遗憾地。句意：他们都知道，如果西蒙一个人继续下去，他可能会安全回来。根据上文"Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon continued alone，"可知，如果西蒙一个人下山，会安全到达。故选B。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.fortune幸运；B.time时间；C.health健康；D.life生命。risk one's life冒着生命危险。句意：但西蒙决定冒着生命危险，用绳子把乔拉下山。根据上文"They both knew that if Simon continued alone，he would probably get back ____（2）____."可知，西蒙决定冒着生命危险，想方设法和乔一起下山。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.lay躺；B.settled定居；C.went去；循……行走；D.looked看。根据上文"They reached the top successfully，but on their way back conditions were very ____（1）____."可知，乔•辛普森和西蒙•耶茨沿着山往下行走。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.damage损害；B.storm暴风雨；C.change变化；D.trouble麻烦。句意：然后另一个麻烦发生了。根据下文"They couldn't see or hear each other and，____（6）____，Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）."可知，看不见也听不见对方，所以是又有一件麻烦的事情发生。故选D。
（6）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.by mistake错误地；B.by chance碰巧；C.by choice出于自愿；D.by luck侥幸地。句意：他们看不见对方，也听不到对方的声音，西蒙错误地把他的朋友从峭壁边上放下去了。根据下文"Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）."可知，西蒙错误地把乔从峭壁边上放下去了。故选A。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.height高度；B.strength力量；C.weight重量；D.equipment设备。句意：乔的体重把西蒙慢慢地拉向峭壁。根据上文"It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up."可知，因为乔受伤看，所以是乔的体重把西蒙慢慢地拉向峭壁。故选C。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Finally最终；B.Patiently耐心得；C.Surely无疑；D.Quickly迅速地。句意：最后，在黑暗和冰冷中呆了一个多小时后，西蒙不得不做出决定。根据下文"after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to make a decision."可知，最终，西蒙做出了决定。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.jumped跳；B.fell跌倒；C.escaped逃跑；D.backed后退。句意：乔掉进了下面一个巨大的冰缝里。根据上文"In tears，he cut the rope."可知，因为西蒙割断绳子，所以乔掉进冰缝里。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.waited等待；B.planned计划；C.managed管理；设法；D.hoped希望。manage to do sth.设法做成某事。句意：他走不动了，但他设法走出了冰缝，开始向近十公里外的营地走去。根据下文"and started to move towards their camp，nearly ten kilometers ____（11）____."可知，乔设法成功地走出了冰缝。故选C。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.around到处；B.away远离；C.above在上面；D.along向前。句意：他走不动了，但他设法走出了冰缝，开始向近十公里外的营地走去。根据上文"and started to move towards their camp，"可知，这个营地远离有十公里。故选B。
（12）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.headed for朝……方向去；B.travelled to到……旅行；C.left for出发去；D.returned to返回。句意：西蒙已经回到了山下的营地。根据下文"the camp at the foot of the mountain."可知，西蒙已经回到营地。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.dead死的；B.hurt受伤的；C.weak虚弱的；D.late迟的。句意：他想乔一定是死了，但又不想马上离开。根据下文"but he didn't want to leave ____（14）____."和"Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive."可知，西蒙以为乔一定是死了。故选A。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.secretly秘密地；B.tiredly疲劳地；C.immediately立即；D.anxiously焦急地。句意：他想乔一定是死了，但又不想马上离开。根据上文"He thought that Joe must be ____（13）___，"可知，西蒙不想立即离开此地。故选C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.find发现；B.believe相信；C.make制作；D.accept接受。句意：他简直不敢相信。根据下文"Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive."可知，西蒙不敢相信乔还活着。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了登山家乔•辛普森和同伴西蒙•耶茨攀登秘鲁境内安第斯山脉的 Siula Grande 峰时的遭遇，他们成功在西坡登顶。但是在下山时却遇到了困难，Joe腿部受伤，但是他们最终还是成功地活了下来。
做完形填空时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时首先通读全文，结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关信息进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在全文的背景下，关注上下文基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
36.【答案】【小题1】what
【小题2】calmness
【小题3】Having
【小题4】is destroyed
【小题5】personally
【小题6】for
【小题7】a
【小题8】harder
【小题9】deepen
【小题10】that
【解析】 （1）考查疑问代词。句意：那么你认为是什么帮助Crusoe在一个小岛上度过了28年的艰难生活？这里为疑问句，考查疑问代词，担当从句主语，表示物，用what。故填what。
（2）考查名词。句意：嗯，在我看来，他能活下来的一个重要因素是他在面对困境时的冷静。根据空前的his可知，空处为名词形式。故填calmness。
（3）考查现在分词。句意：当他独自一人在一个岛上时，他没有失去理智，而是在被风暴摧毁之前从船上得到了必要的东西，比如枪、工具和食物。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语he之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；因为在句首，首字母大写。故填Having。
（4）考查时态和语态。句意：当他独自一人在一个岛上时，他没有失去理智，而是在被风暴摧毁之前从船上得到了必要的东西，比如枪、工具和食物。这里为从句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为it，和destroy之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is destroyed。
（5）考查副词。句意：就我个人而言，我认为他也非常明智。担当本句状语，用副词形式。故填personally。
（6）考查固定搭配。句意：就像你提到的，有了他的枪和大米，他可以自己寻找和种植食物。固定搭配：hunt for，意为"寻找"。故填for。
（7）考查固定搭配。句意：他可以通过摩擦木头来生火。固定搭配：make a fire，意为"生火"。故填a。
（8）考查比较级。句意：如果没有这些东西，他在那里会过得更艰难！根据句意可知，空处指的是"没有这些东西，日子会更艰难"，用比较级。故填harder。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：他花了整整18天的时间用简单的木制工具拓宽和加深他的洞穴，这让我印象深刻。take time to do花费时间做某事。分析句子成分可知，空处和上文的"widen"保持一致。故填deepen。
（10）考查表语从句。句意：更让我惊讶的是，当洞穴被突然的土崩瓦解时，他并没有感到沮丧，而是迅速地重新开始工作。这里为表语从句的连接词，表语从句不缺少成分且句意完整，用that引导。故填that。
本文是一则对话。通过两人的对话介绍了《鲁滨逊漂流记》这本书相关的内容。
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
37.【答案】There is no denying the fact that heavy haze has hit many northern parts of our country frequently these years.【高分句型一】（雾霾的频繁出现）
Haze causes serious air pollution and people can hardly breathe in this smoggy weather.Without doubt，haze not only does great harm to our health but also lowers our quality of life. （雾霾的危害）
Haze pollution serves as a good reminder that we must take good care of our planet.Never should we develop economy at the cost of the environment.【高分句型二】Haze pollution can come from a variety of human activities.It's time that we took effective measures to stop haze!（雾霾给我们的启示）
【解析】高分句型一：There is no denying the fact that heavy haze has hit many northern parts of our country frequently these years.
译文：不可否认的是，这些年来，严重的雾霾频繁袭击了我国北部的许多地区。
分析：这句话使用了There is no denying the fact that...意为"不可否认"，that引导的是同位语从句。
高分句型二：Never should we develop economy at the cost of the environment.
译文：我们决不应该以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济。
分析：这句话使用了否定词never置于句首，后面接部分倒装。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
When the day arrived，my parents and I started to move the desks onto the trucks.Surprisingly，many teachers and students came to help.It was a big project，and there were hundreds of old desks to move，but we made it.Soon，we arrived at the port in a truck.There，we took all the desks off the trucks and put them into the container.I was very tired，but when I thought of the smiling faces of kids in my hometown，I felt good inside. （作者和自己的父母一起把课桌搬到卡车上，并得到全校师生的帮助）
Paragraph 2：
Then we waited for the desks to reach my hometown.Days later，all the desks arrived in my hometown and were sent to the schools that needed them.【高分句型一】And we received many thanks from the kids we helped. 【高分句型二】My parents and I were glad we could still support our hometown though we were abroad.With the help of the kind people around us，now we're still supporting our hometown in various ways.（作者家乡学校的师生非常感谢作者的善举）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者的一件善举，作者得知家乡经历了一场大自然灾害，家乡的学校无法为孩子们提供足够的学习用品，所以作者想尽方法把自己所在学校的旧桌椅送去家乡。
高分句型一：Days later，all the desks arrived in my hometown and were sent to the schools that needed them.
译文：几天后，所有的桌子都送到了我的家乡，并被送到了需要它们的学校。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的定语从句修饰the schools。
高分句型二：And we received many thanks from the kids we helped.
译文：我们从我们帮助的孩子们那里得到了很多感谢。
分析：这句话使用了we helped作为定语从句修饰the kids。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年黑龙江省鸡西市密山县高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
There are four fun festivals throughout the year in Brazil.
Festa Junina
Festa Junina is celebrated all over Brazil for the entire month of June as a yearly celebration of Saint John.It celebrates country life with typical clothes，food and dances inside a large tent，with decorations such as colored flags，beautiful table cloths and balloons.
Oktoberfest
The Germanic roots of the south of Brazil brought this traditional German festival to Brazil，where it has become one of the most popular beer festivals.Held in the middle of October every year in Blumenau，it celebrates typical German cuisine and plenty of beer.There're all kinds of German foods at the festival.
Festival de Cachaca
Every year in the town of Paraty，Festival de Cachaca is held for cachaca，the national alcohol （酒） made from sugarcane （甘蔗）.This festival is held over a long weekend in August and it gives you a chance to try cachaca.There are also shows of samba （桑巴舞） and food trucks.It's also a great opportunity to get to know the beautiful town of Paraty.
Parintins Folklore Festival
The festival held every year in Parintins is the second largest in Brazil after the carnival.It goes over a period of three days at the end of June and celebrates the Amazonian legend of a resurrected ox （复活的牛）.The main attraction of the festival is the competition between the two teams Garantido and Caprichoso that compete to retell the story of the ox through a mix of dancing and singing.
1. Which festival lasts the longest time？ ______
A. Oktoberfest. B. Festa Junina.
C. Festival de Cachaca. D. Parintins Folklore Festival.
2. What can you do if you attend Oktoberfest？ ______
A. Taste German food. B. Watch shows of samba.
C. Drink the national alcohol. D. Listen to the story of the ox.
3. What do the four festivals have in common？ ______
A. They are yearly activities.
B. They enjoy global popularity.
C. They focus on food and dancing.
D. They are celebrated all over Brazil.
B
There was once a boy called Mario who loved to have lots of friends at school. However, he wasn't sure whether or not his classmates were his true friends, so he asked his grandpa. The old man answered, "I have just exactly what you need; it's in the attic (阁楼). Wait here for a minute."
Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand but Mario could see nothing there. "Take it. It's a very special chair. Because it's invisible (无形的); it's rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you'll be able to tell who your true friends are."
Mario took the strange invisible chair and went to school. At break time he asked everyone to form a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. "You're about to see something amazing," Mario said.
Then Mario tried sitting on the chair. He missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone had a pretty good laugh. Mario wouldn't be beaten. He kept trying to sit on the magic chair, and kept falling to the ground—until, suddenly, he tried again and didn't fall. This time—he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.
Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana—three of his best friends—holding him up, so he wouldn't fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall.
Leaving with his three friends, Mario explained to them how his grandpa had so cleverly thought of such a good idea. Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.
4. What did Mario's grandpa take from the attic?
A. An invisible chair. B. An old chair.
C. A real chair. D. Nothing.
5. Why did Mario's grandpa give him the invisible chair?
A. To see whether Mario could sit on it.
B. To test who Mario's true friends were.
C. To let Mario have fun with his classmates.
D. To test whether Mario did well at school.
6. How was Mario able to hover in mid-air?
A. He saw the invisible chair suddenly.
B. He managed to sit on the chair finally.
C. His friends held him up with their hands.
D. His classmates gave him a chair to sit on.
7. What does the story tell us?
A. Never laugh at our friends.
B. True friends can help us do magic.
C. True friends are those who care for us.
D. Having too many good friends isn't a good thing.
C
When you play video games，what types of games do you play？Do you enjoy creative，imaginative games like Minecraft？Or are sports or racing games more your style？
Another popular kind of video game is the role-playing game （RPG）.Although RPGs may combine many elements from other types of games，the key aspect of an RPG is that，as a player，you assume the role of a specific character.Whether you're in a fantasy，historical or modern-day setting，you interact with the game's imaginary world as if you were the character you play.
Fascinating as modern role-playing video games are，they all have a very low-technology origin：the pen and paper tabletop （桌面） game Dungeons and Dragons （D&D）.Created by Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax in 1974，D&D was the first RPG.Even though it wasn't electronic，it had all the characteristics that RPGs have become known for：interesting characters，classes，abilities，races，and experience points.D&D players used pencils，paper，books and dice （骰子）.
They used their imagination to create attractive storylines （故事情节） and，perhaps most importantly，had a lot of real，face-to-face social interaction with their friends.D&D set the stage for all the RPGs that would follow.Now，high-tech RPGs have become the choice of most young people.However，D&D is still played today by many despite the prevalence of the high-tech video games.
Players of RPGs usually focus on how much fun they have playing the game.However，besides all that fun，they are also learning a variety of skills that will help them in school and their future careers.RPGs require a lot of reading，so they definitely help improve reading skills.Developing imaginative storylines for characters requires a high level of creativity.As players develop their storytelling skills，they also learn how to think critically and solve problems as part of a team.Face-to-face interaction with friends also improves social skills.
8. What do the players need to do in an RPG？ ______
A. Choose a role. B. Design a scene.
C. Make up a story. D. Fight the enemy.
9. What do we know about the first role-playing game？ ______
A. It's pretty easy to play. B. Players play it face to face.
C. The Internet is a must for it. D. It is a single computer game.
10. What does the underlined word "prevalence" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Importance. B. Convenience. C. Popularity. D. Improvement.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on？ ______
A. Fun of playing RPGs. B. Tips for playing RPGs.
C. Specific rules of RPGs. D. Benefits of RPGs for players.
D
Have you ever been on an airplane，minding your own business，and found your eyes filled with tears for no reason？Or perhaps you sat near someone who burst into tears.Is there something happening to your body that triggers （引发） the tears？
There sure is!When you're inside a flying airplane，you're miles off the ground.Not exactly a place where humans usually find themselves.The airplane is pressurized （加压） to keep passengers comfortable.But it's still not the pressure levels that you'll experience at ground level.It's a bit like having climbed a pretty high mountain.
The primary tear-trigger is the lower amount of oxygen in your blood.The oxygen levels in the plane are lower than you'll find on the ground.And it can bring you bad feelings.
Another cause is dehydration（脱水）.Because the air in the plane is very dry，we may get dehydrated.And being dehydrated can have all kinds of harmful effects on your 30，000-foot-high body，which is making you have bad feelings like sadness and worry.In fact，there is a spiritual reason，too!Even if you're not afraid of planes，it's a high-stress situation.Taking a flight often involves saying goodbye to someone in the place you're leaving.You can also be worried about plane crash or losing your baggage.
You can drink plenty of water before your flight to fight back your tears.You can also keep your mind busy with a puzzle or brain game.And if you're going to watch a movie，maybe choose one that's a bit more relaxing.In short，make flying a more pleasant and less stressful experience.
12. Why did the author raise questions in Paragraph 1？ ______
A. To lead to the topic of the text.
B. To give background information.
C. To research how many people cry on an airplane.
D. To ask who knows why people cry on an airplane.
13. What triggers tears when you're on an airplane according to Paragraph 2？ ______
A. The temperature inside the plane.
B. The altitude you're at.
C. The weather.
D. Your health.
14. Which one is RIGHT according to Paragraph 4？ ______
A. One shouldn't sleep in the plane in case of losing his/her baggage.
B. One may not feel afraid when the plane flies below 30，000 feet high.
C. One that often feels sad or worried is not fit to take a plane.
D. One may lose too much water from his/her body when he/she travels by plane.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. Suggestions on how to take a safe flight.
B. Advice on how to get over fears when flying.
C. Tips on how to hold back tears while you're flying.
D. Ways of making you comfortable while you're flying.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Green architecture is designed in an environmentally-friendly way.Many people think interest in green architecture has only begun in recent years. （1） ______ Our ancient ancestors were intelligent.They also knew the fact that green architecture is more able to fit in with nature and more practical.
（2） ______ These include heating and cooling，water usage，environmental quality and energy usage.Architects can deal with all of these in various ways，all of which are designed to increase efficiency without affecting the function of the building.
To make it，much of green architecture focuses on building intelligently.For example，plumbing systems （管道系统） may be designed to use less water while still functioning normally. （3） ______
Many architects build environmentally to show people that it's possible.And they want to show the fact that being environmentally-friendly does not have to make a building bad-looking. （4） ______
A courtyard with plants，for example，can be nicer to view.
The green design can be kept in mind when we build various future buildings，ranging from a private home to a tall office building.Green designs can also be applied to remodeling （改造） and repairing existing buildings. （5） ______ Many governments are thus encouraging remodeling and repairing instead of building new ones.
A.The goal is to make a building prettier.
B.Not many buildings have great green designs.
C.A green building's design need solve many problems.
D.In fact，humans have tried green architecture for thousands of years.
E.After all，pulling down a building can quite damage the environment.
F.Actually，many of the green designs can make a building more beautiful.
G.And smart lighting would turn off when people are not around to save energy.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top successfully，but on their way back conditions were very （1） ______ .Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon continued alone，he would probably get back （2） ______ .But Simon decided to risk his（3） ______ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）.
As they （4） ______ down，the weather got worse.Then another （5） ______ occurred.They couldn't see or hear each other and，（ 6） ______ ，Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe's （7） ______ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. （8） ______ ，after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to make a decision.In tears，he cut the rope.Joe （9） ______ into a huge crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn't walk，but he （10） ______ to get out of the crevasse and started to move towards their camp，nearly ten kilometers （11） ______ .
Simon had （12） ______ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be （13） ______ ，but he didn't want to leave （14） ______ .Three days later，in the middle of the night，he heard Joe's voice.He couldn't （15） ______ it.Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive.
21. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal
22. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
23. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
24. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked
25. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble
26. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by choice D. by luck
27. A. height B. strength C. weight D. equipment
28. A. Finally B. Patiently C. Surely D. Quickly
29. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed
30. A. waited B. planned C. managed D. hoped
31. A. around B. away C. above D. along
32. A. headed for B. travelled to C. left for D. returned to
33. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late
34. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously
35. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36.
Woman：
Richard，are you familiar with the story of Robinson Crusoe？
Man：
Of course，it's a very famous story of survival.
Woman：
So（1） ______ do you think helps Crusoe get through a hard life on a small island for 28 years？
Man：
Well，the way I see it，one important thing for his survival is his （2） ______ （calm） in the face of the difficult situation. （3） ______ （have） himself alone on an island，he doesn't lose his head，but gets his necessary things ，such as guns，tools and food from the ship，before it （4） ______ （destroy） by a storm.
Woman：
I can't agree more.And （5） ______ （person），I think he is also very wise.Just as you mentioned，with his gun and the rice，he can hunt （6） ______ and grow his own food.
Man：
Yes.I am also amazed by how knowledgeable he is.He can make （7） ______ fire by rubbing pieces of wood together.What's your take on this？
Woman：
I think so，too.And what about when he makes tools，such as spades out of wood and cups out of clay？Without those things，he would have had a much （8） ______ （ hard） time there!
Man：
That's true.I'm quite impressed when he takes 18 whole days to widen and （9） ______ （ deep） his cave with simple tools made of wood.And what surprises me more is （10） ______ when the cave is ruined by a sudden fall of earth，he doesn't feel depressed，but quickly redoes the work.
Woman：
Yes，I see what you're getting at.And I believe that also reveals his positive attitude.That's quite inspiring.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 近年来，我国北方地区冬季经常出现雾霾天气。请为你校英文校报写一篇短文，内容包括：
（1）雾霾的频繁出现；
（2）雾霾的危害；
（3）雾霾给我们的启示。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：雾霾 haze
38. When I was in the fifth grade，my parents and I moved abroad.One day，when reading the newspaper，I learned my hometown had just gone through a big natural disaster.And my hometown couldn't get enough new school supplies for kids.I wondered how the kids were going to school if they didn't have basic things like desks and books.
That same year，my school received new desks.The hundreds of old ones，which were still in good condition，were put into storage （贮存）.And I learned there was little chance that the old desks would be used by my school again.I thought it was a waste.If my school really didn't need the desks，could I send them to the kids in my hometown？When I told my parents about the old desks at my school and what I thought could be done with them，they loved the idea.
Then，we asked a leader of my school if the school could have the desks donated to my hometown.She said she needed to get some other people's agreement.One day later，she gave us the answer.It was "yes"!But she wasn't sure whether we were able to move the desks to such a far place.Desks are very heavy and it would cost a lot to ship them.
But my parents and I wouldn't give up.We began e-mailing organizations that worked for children's rights，asking for their help.My parents' friends also helped us by e-mailing shipping companies，hoping they'd agree to ship the desks to my hometown.
Eventually，our efforts paid off.With the help of some organizations，a shipping company promised to ship the desks to my hometown through one of their big containers.And they'd let us use their trucks to transport the desks to the container.But we needed to load （装上） the desks onto the trucks and then carry the desks from the trucks to the container ourselves.
注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
When the day arrived，my parents and I started to move the desks onto the trucks.
Paragraph 2：
Then we waited for the desks to reach my hometown.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Festa Junina中的Festa Junina is celebrated all over Brazil for the entire month of June as a yearly celebration of Saint John.（整个六月，巴西都在庆祝朱尼纳节，这是一年一度的圣约翰节。）Oktoberfest中的Held in the middle of October every year in Blumenau（每年十月中旬在布鲁门瑙举行）Festival de Cachaca中的This festival is held over a long weekend in August（这个节日在八月的一个长周末举行）Parintins Folklore Festival中的It goes over a period of three days at the end of June（它在六月底持续三天）可知，持续时间最长的是Festa Junina。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据Oktoberfest中的There're all kinds of German foods at the festival.（节日里有各种各样的德国食物。）可知，如果参加Oktoberfest可以尝到美味的德国食物。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Festa Junina中的Festa Junina is celebrated all over Brazil for the entire month of June as a yearly celebration of Saint John.（整个六月，巴西都在庆祝朱尼纳节，这是一年一度的圣约翰节。）Oktoberfest中的Held in the middle of October every year in Blumenau（每年十月中旬在布鲁门瑙举行）Festival de Cachaca中的Every year in the town of Paraty，Festival de Cachaca is held for cachaca，the national alcohol （酒） made from sugarcane （甘蔗）.（在帕拉蒂镇，每年都会为cachaca举办Cachaca节，cachaca是一种用甘蔗酿制的国酒。）和Parintins Folklore Festival中的The festival held every year in Parintins is the second largest in Brazil after the carnival.（每年在帕林丁斯举行的这个节日是巴西仅次于狂欢节的第二大节日。）可知，这四个节日的共同之处是它们都是一年一度的。故选A。
本文主要介绍了巴西四个有趣的节日，分别是"六月节"、"啤酒节"、"卡恰卡节"和"帕林廷斯民间传说节"。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、B、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。为了帮助Mario知道谁是自己真正的朋友，Mario的爷爷给了Mario一把“隐形的椅子”。通过它，Mario成功测试出了自己真正的朋友。真正的朋友是在我们处于困境时，真正关心我们，帮助我们的人。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand but Mario could see nothing there.（爷爷走了，很快就回来了，好像手里拿着什么东西，但马里奥什么也没看到。）可知，他从阁楼里没有拿任何东西。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Take it. It's a very special chair. Because it's invisible (无形的); it's rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you'll be able to tell who your true friends are."（“拿上它。这是一把非常特别的椅子。因为它是无形的；它很难坐在上面，但如果你把它带到学校去并设法坐在上面，你就能分辨出谁是你真正的朋友。”）可知，爷爷告诉Mario如果他可以坐到这把隐形的椅子上，那么Mario就可以知道谁是自己真正的朋友。由此可知，爷爷给Mario隐形椅子的目的是为了测试谁是他真正的朋友。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段This time—he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.（这一次，他坐着，在半空中悬停。）和第五段中的Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana—three of his best friends—holding him up, so he wouldn't fall.（环顾四周，Mario看到George、Lucas和Diana——他最好的三个朋友——扶着他，不让他摔倒。）可知，Mario的三个最好的朋友扶住了他，所以他才没有摔倒。故选C.
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.（现在他知道了，那些在我们困难时以我们的不幸为乐的人不是我们真正的朋友。）可知，真正的朋友是在我们处于困境时，真正关心我们，帮助我们的人。Mario的三个朋友的做法也证明了这一点。故选C。
8~11.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的Although RPGs may combine many elements from other types of games，the key aspect of an RPG is that，as a player，you assume the role of a specific character.（尽管RPG可能结合了其他类型游戏的许多元素，但RPG的关键在于，作为玩家，你要扮演一个特定的角色）可知，玩家在RPG游戏中需要选择角色。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段的Created by Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax in 1974，D&D was the first RPG.（由Dave Arneson和Gary Gygax于1974年创立，D&D是第一款RPG。）以及第四段的They used their imagination to create attractive storylines （故事情节） and，perhaps most importantly，had a lot of real，face-to-face social interaction with their friends.（他们用自己的想象力创造了吸引人的故事情节，也许最重要的是，他们与朋友进行了大量真实、面对面的社交互动）可知，在第一款角色扮演游戏中玩家面对面打游戏。故选B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段的Now，high-tech RPGs have become the choice of most young people.（现在，高科技的RPG已经成为大多数年轻人的选择）"和"of the high-tech video games（高科技电子游戏）可知，划线词所在的句子表示"然而，尽管高科技电子游戏盛行，仍然有许多人玩D&D"，划线词prevalence意为"受欢迎程度"。A项"重要性"；B项"便利"；C项"受欢迎"；D项"提高"。故选C。
（4）段落大意题。根据最后一段的RPGs require a lot of reading，so they definitely help improve reading skills.Developing imaginative storylines for characters requires a high level of creativity.As players develop their storytelling skills，they also learn how to think critically and solve problems as part of a team.Face-to-face interaction with friends also improves social skills.（RPG需要大量阅读，所以它们无疑有助于提高阅读技能。为角色发展富有想象力的故事情节需要很高的创造力。随着玩家讲故事技巧的提高，他们也学会了如何批判性地思考和作为团队的一员解决问题。与朋友面对面的交流也能提高社交技能）可知，最后一段主要讲的是RPG对玩家的好处。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是角色扮演游戏RPG。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）写作意图题。根据文章第一段Have you ever been on an airplane，minding your own business，and found your eyes filled with tears for no reason？Or perhaps you sat near someone who burst into tears.Is there something happening to your body that triggers （引发） the tears？（你是否曾经在飞机上，想着自己的事情，却发现自己的眼睛里莫名其妙地充满了泪水？或者你坐在某人旁边，他突然大哭起来。是你的身体发生了什么事导致你流泪吗？）尤其最后一句，可推断，作者第一段提问引出本文主题，下文展开说明导致乘客在飞机飞行中落泪的原因。故选 A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段When you're inside a flying airplane，you're miles off the ground.Not exactly a place where humans usually find themselves.The airplane is pressurized （加压） to keep passengers comfortable.But it's still not the pressure levels that you'll experience at ground level.It's a bit like having climbed a pretty high mountain. （当你在一架飞行的飞机里时，你离地面有好几英里。这可不是人类通常会去的地方。这架飞机是加压的，使乘客感到舒适。但这仍然不是你在地面上所感受到的压力水平。这有点像爬了一座很高的山。）可知，飞机在空中，离地面距离几英里处时，会促发乘客落泪，即：乘客所在的海拔高度会促发人落泪。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Another cause is dehydration （脱水）.Because the air in the plane is very dry，we may get dehydrated. （另一个原因是脱水。因为飞机里的空气很干燥，我们可能会脱水。）可知，在飞机飞行过程中，乘客会失去太多的水。故选D。
（4）段落大意题。根据文章最后一段You can drink plenty of water before your flight to fight back your tears.You can also keep your mind busy with a puzzle or brain game.And if you're going to watch a movie，maybe choose one that's a bit more relaxing.In short，make flying a more pleasant and less stressful experience. （你可以在飞行前喝大量的水来抑制你的眼泪。你也可以让你的大脑忙于拼图或益智游戏。如果你要去看电影，可以选择一部更放松的电影。简而言之，让飞行变得更愉快，压力更小。）可知，这一段作者提供了几个可以防止在飞机上落泪的方法。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在飞机上人们莫名落泪的原因，并给出了几条抑制落泪的小建议。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】D、C、G、F、E
【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。根据上文Many people think interest in green architecture has only begun in recent years （许多人认为对绿色建筑的兴趣是最近几年才开始的），下文Our ancient ancestors were intelligent.They also knew the fact that green architecture is more able to fit in with nature and more practical. （我们的祖先很聪明。他们也知道绿色建筑更能适应自然，更实用。）可知，下文提及祖先们对绿色建筑的使用，因此否定了上文中人们的观点，故设空处与上文为转折关系，D项：In fact，humans have tried green architecture for thousands of years. （事实上，人类已经尝试绿色建筑几千年了。）符合语境，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据下文These include heating and cooling，water usage，environmental quality and energy usage.Architects can deal with all of these in various ways，all of which are designed to increase efficiency without affecting the function of the building. （这些包括供暖和制冷、用水、环境质量和能源使用。建筑师可以用不同的方式来处理所有这些问题，所有这些都是为了在不影响建筑功能的情况下提高效率。）可知，下文中提及的heating and cooling，water usage，environmental quality and energy usage都是在建筑师要注意的问题，他们通过诸多的方式来解决这些问题，C项：A green building's design need solve many problems. （绿色建筑的设计需要解决很多问题），下文的These指代C项中的many problems，符合语境，故选C。
（3）逻辑关系题。根据上文To make it，much of green architecture focuses on building intelligently.For example，plumbing systems （管道系统） may be designed to use less water while still functioning normally. （为了实现这一目标，许多绿色建筑都专注于智能建筑。例如，管道系统可以被设计成在使用更少的水的同时仍能正常运行。）可知，本段介绍智能建筑的运用，G项：And smart lighting would turn off when people are not around to save energy. （当人们不在时，智能照明会关闭以节省能源），G项中的智能照明和上一句的管道系统为具体的两个例子，为并列句，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文Many architects build environmentally to show people that it's possible.And they want to show the fact that being environmentally-friendly does not have to make a building bad-looking. （许多建筑师建造环保建筑是为了向人们展示这是可能的。他们想要展示的事实是，环保并不一定会让建筑看起来很糟糕。）可知，环保建筑不一定很糟糕，也许很漂亮，F项：Actually，many of the green designs can make a building more beautiful. （事实上，许多绿色设计可以使建筑更漂亮。）F项符合语境，故选F。
（5）逻辑关系题。根据上文Green designs can also be applied to remodeling （改造） and repairing existing buildings （绿色设计也可以应用于改造和修复现有建筑。）可知，绿色建筑的设计也可用于改造和修复旧建筑，下一句将提及与existing buildings相关的信息，根据下文Many governments are thus encouraging remodeling and repairing instead of building new ones. （因此，许多政府鼓励重建和修复，而不是新建。）根据thus可知，下文为设空处情况的结果，E项：After all，pulling down a building can quite damage the environment. （毕竟，拆除建筑物会严重破坏环境），E项承接上文，与下文为因果关系，符合语境，故选E。
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑的概念、优势和实现方式。
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】A、B、D、C、D、A、C、A、B、C、B、D、A、C、B
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.difficult困难的；B.similar相似的；C.special特别的；D.normal正常的。句意：他们成功地到达了山顶，但回来的路上条件非常困难。根据下文"Joe fell and broke his leg."可知，从山顶回去很困难。故选A。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.unwillingly不愿意地；B.safely安全地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.regretfully遗憾地。句意：他们都知道，如果西蒙一个人继续下去，他可能会安全回来。根据上文"Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon continued alone，"可知，如果西蒙一个人下山，会安全到达。故选B。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.fortune幸运；B.time时间；C.health健康；D.life生命。risk one's life冒着生命危险。句意：但西蒙决定冒着生命危险，用绳子把乔拉下山。根据上文"They both knew that if Simon continued alone，he would probably get back ____（2）____."可知，西蒙决定冒着生命危险，想方设法和乔一起下山。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.lay躺；B.settled定居；C.went去；循……行走；D.looked看。根据上文"They reached the top successfully，but on their way back conditions were very ____（1）____."可知，乔•辛普森和西蒙•耶茨沿着山往下行走。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.damage损害；B.storm暴风雨；C.change变化；D.trouble麻烦。句意：然后另一个麻烦发生了。根据下文"They couldn't see or hear each other and，____（6）____，Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）."可知，看不见也听不见对方，所以是又有一件麻烦的事情发生。故选D。
（6）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.by mistake错误地；B.by chance碰巧；C.by choice出于自愿；D.by luck侥幸地。句意：他们看不见对方，也听不到对方的声音，西蒙错误地把他的朋友从峭壁边上放下去了。根据下文"Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）."可知，西蒙错误地把乔从峭壁边上放下去了。故选A。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.height高度；B.strength力量；C.weight重量；D.equipment设备。句意：乔的体重把西蒙慢慢地拉向峭壁。根据上文"It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up."可知，因为乔受伤看，所以是乔的体重把西蒙慢慢地拉向峭壁。故选C。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.Finally最终；B.Patiently耐心得；C.Surely无疑；D.Quickly迅速地。句意：最后，在黑暗和冰冷中呆了一个多小时后，西蒙不得不做出决定。根据下文"after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to make a decision."可知，最终，西蒙做出了决定。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.jumped跳；B.fell跌倒；C.escaped逃跑；D.backed后退。句意：乔掉进了下面一个巨大的冰缝里。根据上文"In tears，he cut the rope."可知，因为西蒙割断绳子，所以乔掉进冰缝里。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.waited等待；B.planned计划；C.managed管理；设法；D.hoped希望。manage to do sth.设法做成某事。句意：他走不动了，但他设法走出了冰缝，开始向近十公里外的营地走去。根据下文"and started to move towards their camp，nearly ten kilometers ____（11）____."可知，乔设法成功地走出了冰缝。故选C。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.around到处；B.away远离；C.above在上面；D.along向前。句意：他走不动了，但他设法走出了冰缝，开始向近十公里外的营地走去。根据上文"and started to move towards their camp，"可知，这个营地远离有十公里。故选B。
（12）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.headed for朝……方向去；B.travelled to到……旅行；C.left for出发去；D.returned to返回。句意：西蒙已经回到了山下的营地。根据下文"the camp at the foot of the mountain."可知，西蒙已经回到营地。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.dead死的；B.hurt受伤的；C.weak虚弱的；D.late迟的。句意：他想乔一定是死了，但又不想马上离开。根据下文"but he didn't want to leave ____（14）____."和"Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive."可知，西蒙以为乔一定是死了。故选A。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.secretly秘密地；B.tiredly疲劳地；C.immediately立即；D.anxiously焦急地。句意：他想乔一定是死了，但又不想马上离开。根据上文"He thought that Joe must be ____（13）___，"可知，西蒙不想立即离开此地。故选C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.find发现；B.believe相信；C.make制作；D.accept接受。句意：他简直不敢相信。根据下文"Joe was there，a few meters from their tent，still alive."可知，西蒙不敢相信乔还活着。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了登山家乔•辛普森和同伴西蒙•耶茨攀登秘鲁境内安第斯山脉的 Siula Grande 峰时的遭遇，他们成功在西坡登顶。但是在下山时却遇到了困难，Joe腿部受伤，但是他们最终还是成功地活了下来。
做完形填空时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时首先通读全文，结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关信息进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在全文的背景下，关注上下文基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
36.【答案】【小题1】what
【小题2】calmness
【小题3】Having
【小题4】is destroyed
【小题5】personally
【小题6】for
【小题7】a
【小题8】harder
【小题9】deepen
【小题10】that
【解析】 （1）考查疑问代词。句意：那么你认为是什么帮助Crusoe在一个小岛上度过了28年的艰难生活？这里为疑问句，考查疑问代词，担当从句主语，表示物，用what。故填what。
（2）考查名词。句意：嗯，在我看来，他能活下来的一个重要因素是他在面对困境时的冷静。根据空前的his可知，空处为名词形式。故填calmness。
（3）考查现在分词。句意：当他独自一人在一个岛上时，他没有失去理智，而是在被风暴摧毁之前从船上得到了必要的东西，比如枪、工具和食物。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语he之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；因为在句首，首字母大写。故填Having。
（4）考查时态和语态。句意：当他独自一人在一个岛上时，他没有失去理智，而是在被风暴摧毁之前从船上得到了必要的东西，比如枪、工具和食物。这里为从句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为it，和destroy之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is destroyed。
（5）考查副词。句意：就我个人而言，我认为他也非常明智。担当本句状语，用副词形式。故填personally。
（6）考查固定搭配。句意：就像你提到的，有了他的枪和大米，他可以自己寻找和种植食物。固定搭配：hunt for，意为"寻找"。故填for。
（7）考查固定搭配。句意：他可以通过摩擦木头来生火。固定搭配：make a fire，意为"生火"。故填a。
（8）考查比较级。句意：如果没有这些东西，他在那里会过得更艰难！根据句意可知，空处指的是"没有这些东西，日子会更艰难"，用比较级。故填harder。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：他花了整整18天的时间用简单的木制工具拓宽和加深他的洞穴，这让我印象深刻。take time to do花费时间做某事。分析句子成分可知，空处和上文的"widen"保持一致。故填deepen。
（10）考查表语从句。句意：更让我惊讶的是，当洞穴被突然的土崩瓦解时，他并没有感到沮丧，而是迅速地重新开始工作。这里为表语从句的连接词，表语从句不缺少成分且句意完整，用that引导。故填that。
本文是一则对话。通过两人的对话介绍了《鲁滨逊漂流记》这本书相关的内容。
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
37.【答案】There is no denying the fact that heavy haze has hit many northern parts of our country frequently these years.【高分句型一】（雾霾的频繁出现）
Haze causes serious air pollution and people can hardly breathe in this smoggy weather.Without doubt，haze not only does great harm to our health but also lowers our quality of life. （雾霾的危害）
Haze pollution serves as a good reminder that we must take good care of our planet.Never should we develop economy at the cost of the environment.【高分句型二】Haze pollution can come from a variety of human activities.It's time that we took effective measures to stop haze!（雾霾给我们的启示）
【解析】高分句型一：There is no denying the fact that heavy haze has hit many northern parts of our country frequently these years.
译文：不可否认的是，这些年来，严重的雾霾频繁袭击了我国北部的许多地区。
分析：这句话使用了There is no denying the fact that...意为"不可否认"，that引导的是同位语从句。
高分句型二：Never should we develop economy at the cost of the environment.
译文：我们决不应该以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济。
分析：这句话使用了否定词never置于句首，后面接部分倒装。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
When the day arrived，my parents and I started to move the desks onto the trucks.Surprisingly，many teachers and students came to help.It was a big project，and there were hundreds of old desks to move，but we made it.Soon，we arrived at the port in a truck.There，we took all the desks off the trucks and put them into the container.I was very tired，but when I thought of the smiling faces of kids in my hometown，I felt good inside. （作者和自己的父母一起把课桌搬到卡车上，并得到全校师生的帮助）
Paragraph 2：
Then we waited for the desks to reach my hometown.Days later，all the desks arrived in my hometown and were sent to the schools that needed them.【高分句型一】And we received many thanks from the kids we helped. 【高分句型二】My parents and I were glad we could still support our hometown though we were abroad.With the help of the kind people around us，now we're still supporting our hometown in various ways.（作者家乡学校的师生非常感谢作者的善举）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者的一件善举，作者得知家乡经历了一场大自然灾害，家乡的学校无法为孩子们提供足够的学习用品，所以作者想尽方法把自己所在学校的旧桌椅送去家乡。
高分句型一：Days later，all the desks arrived in my hometown and were sent to the schools that needed them.
译文：几天后，所有的桌子都送到了我的家乡，并被送到了需要它们的学校。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的定语从句修饰the schools。
高分句型二：And we received many thanks from the kids we helped.
译文：我们从我们帮助的孩子们那里得到了很多感谢。
分析：这句话使用了we helped作为定语从句修饰the kids。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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