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2022-2023学年浙江省台州山海协作体高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年浙江省台州山海协作体高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年浙江省台州山海协作体高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共74.0分）
A
Europe is the second smallest continent in size but the third largest in population.Here are some facts to share.
People
About 10% of the world's population lives in Europe.Most of the European population groups，almost 90%，belong to the three Indo-European language groups of the Slavic，Romance and Germanic language groups.According to the World Happiness Report from 2018 to 2020，the World's happiest people live in Finland—and they won for the last three years in a row!
Languages
Most European languages belong to either the Romance language family such as French，Italian and Spanish，the Germanic language family，among which are German and English，or the Slavic language family，among which are Russian，Bulgarian and Polish.Russian is the language with most native speakers—about 100 million，while English is the language spoken by most people as a first language and a second language—about 270 million people.The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian，German，French，English and Italian.
Animals
In Europe，there are 270 species of mammals （哺乳动物） such as bats，deer and hares.Of all mammal species 15% are endangered，such as wolves and bears.There are 75 species of amphibians（两栖动物）in
Europe，most of which are unique to Southern Europe.Slightly more than half of the 800 European bird species breed in Europe，and all the others migrate to warmer regions during the cold winter months.
Natural resources
Metals such as zinc and silver and minerals such as copper and coal are found in Europe.Some areas in northern Europe have deposits of natural gas and oil.
Agriculture
The most common crops in Europe are cereals（谷类植物） such as wheat，corn as well as sugar beets，potatoes，vegetables and fruits.France is Europe's biggest producer of agricultural products.
1. What can we infer about the European population from the text？ ______
A. The population in Europe has decreased slightly.
B. Europe is thickly populated at the present time.
C. People in Europe belong to three language families.
D. People living in Europe are the happiest in the world.
2. What do we know about the languages in Europe？ ______
A. English belongs to the Romance language family.
B. English is the language with most native speakers.
C. The number of native Polish speakers is not very big.
D. French belongs to the Slavic language family.
3. Which of the following about Europe is right？ ______
A. Europe doesn't produce natural gas or oil.
B. Most animal species in Europe are endangered.
C. France produces the most agricultural products in Europe.
D. Over 400 European bird species fly to warmer areas in winter.
B
John Frederick Kensett was born on March 22，1816 in Cheshire，Connecticut.He attended school at Cheshire Academy，and studied carving with his immigrant father，Tomas Kensett，and later with his uncle.He worked as a carver in the New Haven area until about 1838，after which he went to work as a banknote carver in New York City.He didn't know his carving experience would benefit him later.In 1840，Kensett traveled to Europe in order to study painting.He sketched （画素描） and painted throughout Europe，improving his talents.During this period，Kensett developed an affection for the 17th-century Dutch landscape painting.He returned to the United States in 1847.
After establishing his studio and settling in New York，Kensett traveled extensively throughout the Northeast and the Colorado Rockies as well as making several trips back to Europe.
Kensett is best known for his landscape of New York and New England and seascapes （海景画） of coastal New Jersey，Long Island and New England.He is most closely associated with the so-called "second generation" of the Hudson River School.In 1851 Kensett painted a monumental canvas （巨幅油画） of Mount Washington that has become a sign of White Mountain art.
Kensett's style evolved gradually，from the traditional Hudson River School manner in the 1850s into the more improved Luminist style in his later years.By the early 1870s Kensett was spending considerable time at his home on Contentment Island，on Long Island Sound near Darien Connecticut.
It was during this time that Kensett painted some of his finest works.Many of these were seascapes，the major example being Eaton's Neck，Long Island （1872）now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
The artist was widely praised and financially successful during his lifetime.In turn，he was generous in support of the arts and artists.He was a full member of the National Academy of Design，the founder and president of the Artists' Fund Society，and a founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kensett died of heart failure at his New York studio on December 14，1872.
4. What can we learn about Kensett from the first paragraph？ ______
A. He studied carving at Cheshire Academy.
B. His uncle taught him to paint before 1840.
C. His carving work laid a foundation for his painting.
D. He painted throughout Europe to earn some money.
5. What was the feature of Kensett's paintings？ ______
A. Most of them were in Luminist style.
B. They had nothing to do with White Mountain art.
C. They were once influenced by the Hudson River School.
D. All of them were closely associated with carving art.
6. When did Kensett produce his best paintings？ ______
A. When he first traveled in Europe.
B. When he painted a monumental canvas.
C. When he learned the Dutch landscape painting.
D. When he was in Connecticut in the early 1870s.
7. What can we infer about Kensett's later life？ ______
A. He had financial problems.
B. He retired early because of ill health.
C. He gained both fame and income.
D. He devoted himself to charity work.
C
Right now you should know about two ways to represent numbers，as Roman numerals and Arabic numerals.Plus，people in other countries use different symbols for numbers.With all these different symbols，how can math be a universal language？
Math is a universal language because the principles and foundations of math are the same everywhere around the world.Ten plus ten equals twenty if you write it as Arabic numerals 10+10=20 or Roman numerals X+X=XX.The concept of 20 items is the same no matter where you are in the world.
And，what about geometry（几何）？A circle is always a circle and its circumference （周长） is always calculated the same way no matter where you are in the world.The same holds true for any other figure like triangles，squares or rectangles.
We like to visit other countries to experience new scenery，new foods and a different culture.It's fun to watch documentaries about festivals that we don't have in North America.There is a great deal of cultural diversity in the world that we can enjoy and celebrate.But math is one thing that is common to everyone.
Different countries use different units of measurement；for example，the United States and the United Kingdom use inches and feet while the rest of Europe uses metric measurements of centimeters and meters.But no matter what the units are，everyone must measure the house that they are building.Houses everywhere，whether they are square or round，are built using the same mathematical equations（方程式）.
The principles of probability are the same everywhere as well.The chance of rain in Guatemala might be greater than the chance of rain in the Sahara Desert but probability works the same way.People around the world have different genes but the probability of passing on genes to their children follows the same mathematical rules.
It is easy to see that no matter how diverse different cultures are，math is one common language across the world.
8. How many ways to stand for numbers are mentioned in the text？ ______
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
9. What is the author's purpose in mentioning geometry in the third paragraph？ ______
A. To highlight the importance of math.
B. To study different shapes and forms.
C. To show how to calculate the circumference.
D. To prove math calculation is often used in it is always the same.
10. What does the underlined word"figure"mean in the third paragraph？ ______
A. Shape. B. Size. C. Picture. D. Field.
11. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？ ______
A. Math has no distinct characteristics of diversity.
B. Documentaries about festivals are always fun.
C. People hope to experience different cultures abroad.
D. Culture has a huge impact on the development of math.
D
In Illinois，legislators （立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead （铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure （基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.
State Senator Melinda Bush，a supporter of the legislation，said the lines are a health threat that not only costs us billions of dollars，but poisons our children and destroys our residents' confidence in their water supply.
"Passing this bill with strong support shows a basic truth about lead in our drinking water—it affects all of us，and every single one of us，especially our children，deserves clean，safe drinking water，" Bush said.
The Lead Service Line Replacement Notification Act creates timelines for owners and operators of community water supplies that have lead service lines to make a list of those lines and create replacement plans.Water suppliers will have to submit their replacement plan to the Environmental Protection Agency by April 2024.The law also requires the state's Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity to create a low-income water assistance policy and program to ensure state residents have access to affordable，clean water.
Lead in drinking water has long been linked to a host of health problems，including kidney failure，heart disease，learning disabilities and impaired（受损的） hearing.Studies have found that even tiny amounts of lead can damage children's brains.
Bush said it's estimated that Illinois has about an eighth of all known lead service lines in the country.
Service lines are the pipes that carry water from a city's street mains to homes.Not only does Illinois have one-eighth of the lead service lines in the country，but 300，000 to 500.000 of them are in Chicago.
"Although this is a statewide problem，we know that this toxic infrastructure really affects Illinois' people，" Bush said.
12. What does the underlined word "toxic" mean in the first paragraph？ ______
A. Basic. B. Common. C. Healthy. D. Poisonous.
13. Why must the newly signed law be carried out as soon as possible？ ______
A. To warn water suppliers to offer clean water.
B. To test whether the water system works well.
C. To raise the confidence of all the Illinoisans.
D. To make sure residents have safe drinking water.
14. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？ ______
A. The submitted policy must favour the poor families.
B. The residents in Illinois haven't realized the possible dangers.
C. Water suppliers have submitted a practical replacement plan.
D. The government should inspect community water supplies regularly.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Statewide Lead in Water Is Hurting You.
B. Lead in Water Is Damaging Kids' Brains.
C. Getting the Lead Out with the New Technology.
D. A New Law Urges to Remove Lead Service Lines.
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
I am a psychologist.Kate，a former client who I had helped，got a promotion recently.She came into my（1） ______ .I expected our conversation would be about her success.（2） ______ ，Kate mentioned she had a simple but serious problem—-she wasn't getting along well with another manager called Mary.The two didn't （3） ______ each other from the beginning，and as time passed things weren't getting any better.Kate told me that it was becoming painfully clear that her inability to get on with Mary was going to block her success，and （4） ______ ruin her career at the company.
As Kate and I （5） ______ the situation，she told me Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager.But Kate believed that they had different （6） ______ ，and Mary made her （7） ______ .I suggested Kate revisit their shared work.It was then that Kate realized Mary's teamwork was important for getting the business （8） ______ they all wanted.In measuring the relationship more honestly，Kate realized she'd been failing to （9） ______ with Mary in positive ways.She hadn't made Mary feel her efforts were valuable，and had more or less been trying to （10） ______ her.
So Kate decided to （11） ______ herself.She thought about the cause of the situation and how she responded to it.She reminded herself， "I won't get along with everyone but there is possible（12） ______ in every interaction with others.I can and should learn from almost everyone I meet." Later Kate and Mary's relationship greatly （13） ______ .Now they communicate frequently in person and join in each other's team meetings.Take an honest look at what's （14） ______ the tension.Maybe your （15） ______ to the situation is at the center of the problem.
16. A. garden B. yard C. office D. school
17. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Besides
18. A. know B. attack C. like D. shock
19. A. rarely B. scarcely C. hardly D. possibly
20. A. designed B. explored C. imagined D. repeated
21. A. names B. firms C. styles D. titles
22. A. pleasant B. weak C. special D. unhappy
23. A. results B. plans C. secrets D. talks
24. A. quarrel B. play C. communicate D. compete
25. A. avoid B. meet C. love D. order
26. A. persuade B. change C. believe D. cheer
27. A. meaning B. luck C. reason D. value
28. A. worked B. failed C. improved D. returned
29. A. reducing B. causing C. affecting D. judging
30. A. objection B. devotion C. contribution D. reaction
三、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
31. Sustainable tourism，which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays，is not just about seeing the sights — it is also about connecting with people and their cultures， (1) （ make） a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future.So， (2) can we be sustainable tourists？
It is important to travel in (3) environmentally friendly manner.Getting to a tourist destination by airplane，which greatly (4) （ increase） our carbon footprint，has a huge impact on the global environment.While avoiding flying is not always (5) （ practice），we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport or even on foot wherever possible.When at the hotel，we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels (6) （ wash） every day.We also need to protect the local culture.When visiting temples or churches， (7) a strict dress code may (8) （ require），we should dress appropriately.While travelling，we should respect the right to privacy.We must ask for (9) （ permit） before taking pictures of the local people，who are human beings and not (10) display.
In summary，being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect — for nature，culture and people.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
四、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共65.0分）
32. 假定你是李华，你的美国好友Jack在学校篮球比赛中被评为MVP，请你给他写封祝贺信。要点如下：
（1）表示祝贺；（2）肯定他的付出；（3）希望学习他的篮球技术。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 80词左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
33. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine was the coolest kid in her class.Whenever she went,she was in the spotlight,with a bunch of kids following her and doing everything she did.
Her desk mate,Landy,however,was not in the cool kids' group.Being the tallest kid in her class,she was teased by her classmates,who were always chanting "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti （意大利面）".Every time Landy heard those silly chants,she could feel her face burst into flames.God knew how she wished the ground to crack and swallow her!
Catherine didn't really like it when the kids chanted "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti".But she never told them to stop either,and nor did she ever talk to her.She liked being popular.
One weekend,Catherine went over to her grandfather for Thanksgiving.Her grandfather lived on a farm at the opposite end of town,where he kept chickens.While helping to feed the chickens,Catherine noticed a peculiar one.Curling in the corner,it looked smaller than the others and was almost half-bare!
"What's the matter with it？" She asked her grandfather,with a puzzled frown on her face.Her grandfather told her how chickens could act. "They have a pecking （啄） order, " he explained,wrinkles of concern spreading around his forehead. "If one chicken is different,the others will push it away and keep pecking it.Sometimes they peck it so much that it dies. "
"Oh,what a poor little thing!" Catherine let out a sigh as she scooped the frightened chicken up in her arms,whose heart was beating fast in the bony little body.Suddenly,she thought of Landy,the girl being "pecked" by her classmates. "I'm going to take it home and take good care of it, "she said with a determined look.
Back in school,Catherine told the cool kids about the chicken. "It's looking healthy, " she said proudly. "It's fatter and its feathers are growing.Even the cat likes it.She carries it around the garden,and. . . " Everyone was entertained by Catherine's story of her lovely chicken,laughter lingering around the classroom.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.________
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said.__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句Europe is the second smallest continent in size but the third largest in population.（欧洲是面积第二小的大陆，但人口第三大。）以及People中的About 10% of the world's population lives in Europe.（世界上大约10%的人口生活在欧洲。）可知，欧洲面积小但人口却很多，全世界大约10%的人口生活在欧洲，故欧洲的人口密度很大。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Languages中的Most European languages belong to either the Romance language family such as French，Italian and Spanish，the Germanic language family，among which are German and English，or the Slavic language family，among which are Russian，Bulgarian and Polish.（大多数欧洲语言要么属于罗曼语系，如法语、意大利语和西班牙语，要么属于日耳曼语系，其中包括德语和英语，要么属于斯拉夫语系，其中包括俄语、保加利亚语和波兰语。）可知，法语属于罗曼语系，英语属于日耳曼语系，故A、D项均错；根据Russian is the language with most native speakers—about 100 million，while English is the language spoken by most people as a first language and a second language—about 270 million people.（俄语是母语使用者最多的语言——大约有1亿人，而英语是大多数人作为第一语言和第二语言使用的语言——大约有2.7亿人。）可知，俄语是母语使用者最多的语言，而不是英语，故B项错误；根据The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian，German，French，English and Italian.（欧洲最常用的五种母语是俄语、德语、法语、英语和意大利语。）可知，波兰语不是欧洲最常用的五种母语，故以波兰语为母语的人并不多。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章Natural resources中的Some areas in northern Europe have deposits of natural gas and oil.（北欧的一些地区蕴藏着天然气和石油。）可知，北欧生产天然气和石油，故A项错误；根据文章Animals中的In Europe，there are 270 species of mammals （哺乳动物） such as bats，deer and hares.Of all mammal species 15% are endangered.（在欧洲，有270种哺乳动物，如蝙蝠、鹿和野兔。所有哺乳动物中有15%濒临灭绝。）可知，哺乳动物中有15%濒临灭绝，并非大多数，故B项错误；根据文章Animals中的Slightly more than half of the 800 European bird species breed in Europe，and all the others migrate to warmer regions during the cold winter months.（在欧洲800种鸟类中，略多于一半的鸟类在欧洲繁殖，所有其他鸟类在寒冷的冬季迁徙到温暖的地区。）可知，欧洲800种鸟类中，有400多的鸟类在欧洲繁殖，剩下不到400的鸟类会迁徙到温暖地区，故D项错误；根据文章Agriculture中的France is Europe's biggest producer of agricultural products.（法国是欧洲最大的农产品生产国。）可知，法国生产的农产品是欧洲最多的。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章从人口、语言、动物、自然资源和农业等方面介绍了欧洲的基本情况。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】C、C、D、C
【解析】 （1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段He worked as a carver in the New Haven area until about 1838，after which he went to work as a banknote carver in New York City.He didn't know his carving experience would benefit him later.In 1840，Kensett traveled to Europe in order to study painting. （他在纽黑文地区做雕刻工，直到1838年左右，之后他去纽约市做纸币雕刻工。他不知道自己的雕刻经验日后会给他带来好处。1840年，肯赛特前往欧洲学习绘画。）可知，Kenset当雕刻工的经历为他积累了丰富的雕刻经验，这些雕刻经验为他的绘画学习打下了扎实的基础。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段He is most closely associated with the so-called "second generation" of the Hudson River School.（他与所谓的哈德逊河学派的"第二代"联系最为密切。）可知，Kensett的画与哈德逊河学派"第二代"密切相关，即Kensett的画深受哈德逊河学派的影响。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段By the early 1870s Kensett was spending considerable time at his home on Contentment Island，on Long Island Sound near Darien Connecticut.（到19世纪70年代初，肯塞特在康涅狄格州达里恩附近的长岛海峡的知足岛上的家中度过了相当长的时间。）及第五段It was during this time that Kensett painted some of his finest works.（正是在这段时间里，肯塞特画了一些他最好的作品。）可知，正是在19世纪70年代初在康涅狄格州的时候，Kensett创作出了他最好的作品。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段The artist was widely praised and financially successful during his lifetime.In turn，he was generous in support of the arts and artists.He was a full member of the National Academy of Design，the founder and president of the Artists' Fund Society，and a founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.（这位艺术家生前广受赞誉，经济上也很成功。反过来，他也慷慨地支持艺术和艺术家。他是美国国家设计学院的正式成员，艺术家基金协会的创始人和主席，大都会艺术博物馆的创始人之一。）可知，Kensett生前名誉很好，担任很多职务，经济上也很富足，由此可推测，Kensett的晚年名利双收。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国著名画家Kensett的生平及成就。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、D、A、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Right now you should know about two ways to represent numbers，as Roman numerals and Arabic numerals.（现在你应该知道两种表示数字的方法，罗马数字和阿拉伯数字。）可知，文章提到了罗马数字和阿拉伯数字这两种表示数字的方法。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段And，what about geometry（几何）？A circle is always a circle and its circumference （周长） is always calculated the same way no matter where you are in the world.The same holds true for any other figure like triangles，squares or rectangles.（那么，几何呢？圆始终是圆，无论你在世界上的哪个地方，它的周长都是用同样的方法计算的。这同样适用于任何其他图形，如三角形、正方形或矩形。）以及文章第二段第一句Math is a universal language because the principles and foundations of math are the same everywhere around the world.（数学是一种通用语言，因为数学的原理和基础在世界各地都是一样的。）可知，作者提到几何的目的是想说明它们的计算方式是一样的。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据文章第三段The same holds true for any other figure like triangles，squares or rectangles.（这同样适用于任何其他图形，如三角形、正方形或矩形。）可知，三角形、正方形、矩形等都是"figure"的代表，三角形、正方形、矩形都是图形，由此可推知，figure意为"图形"。A.Shape.图形；B.Size.尺寸；C.Picture.图片；D.Field.田地、领域。故figure与shape同义。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第四段We like to visit other countries to experience new scenery，new foods and a different culture.It's fun to watch documentaries about festivals that we don't have in North America.There is a great deal of cultural diversity in the world that we can enjoy and celebrate.But math is one thing that is common to everyone.（我们喜欢到其他国家去体验新的风景、新的食物和不同的文化。看关于电影节的纪录片很有趣，这在北美是没有的。世界上有大量的文化多样性，我们可以享受和庆祝。但数学对每个人来说都很常见。）可知，世界上有大量的文化多样性，但是数学对每个人来说都很常见，由此可推知，数学没有多样性。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章说明了数学是一种通用性语言。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】D、D、A、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据文章第一段In Illinois，legislators （立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead （铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure（基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.（在伊利诺伊州，立法者和支持拆除该州铅管道的人士周一表示，一项新签署的法律使该州离拆除"toxic基础设施"更近了一步，并确保所有伊利诺伊州人都有干净的水喝。）可知，这里的toxic infrastructure代指前面提到的the state's lead service lines，结合常识可知，铅对人体是有害的，故此处的toxic也应为负面词。A．Basic基本的；B．Common普通的；C．Healthy健康的；D．Poisonous有毒的。故toxic"有毒的"与poisonous同义。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一段In Illinois，legislators（立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead（铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure（基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.（在伊利诺斯州，立法者和移除该州铅管线的倡导者周一表示，一项新签署的法律使该州离移除"有毒基础设施"更近了一步，并确保所有伊利诺伊州人都有干净的水喝。）可知，新签署的法律将尽快实施的原因是为了确保居民有干净的水喝。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句The law also requires the state's Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity to create a low-income water assistance policy and program to ensure state residents have access to affordable，clean water.（该法律还要求该州商业和经济机会部制定一项低收入水援助政策和计划，以确保该州居民能够获得负担得起的干净的水。）可知，该州商业和经济机会部需要制定低收入水援助政策和计划，即所提交的政策必须有利于贫困家庭。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段"In Illinois，legislators（立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead（铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure（基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.（在伊利诺斯州，立法者和移除该州铅管线的倡导者周一表示，一项新签署的法律使该州离移除"有毒基础设施"更近了一步，并确保所有伊利诺斯州人都有干净的水喝。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项敦促拆除含铅管线的新法律，故D项A New Law Urges to Remove Lead Service Lines.（一项新法律敦促拆除含铅管线。）能够概括文章主题，符合题意。故选D。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一项敦促拆除含铅管线的新法律。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~30.【答案】C、B、C、D、B、C、D、A、C、A、B、D、C、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.garden花园；B.yard院子；C.office办公室；D.school学校。句意：她走进我的办公室。根据上文"I am a psychologist.Kate，a former client who I had helped，got a promotion recently."可知，作者是一名心理学家，Kate是他的前委托人，由此可知，是来到作者的办公室，office符合语境。故选C项。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore因此；B.Instead相反；C.Moreover而且；D.Besides此外。句意：相反，凯特提到她有一个简单但严重的问题---她和另一个叫玛丽的经理相处得不好。根据前面的"I expected our conversation would be about her success."和后面的"Kate mentioned she had a simple but serious problem"可知，作者以为Kate会谈到关于她的成功，但Kate却提到了别的问题，前后之间为转折关系，应用instead。故选B项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.know知道，了解；B.attack攻击；C.like喜欢；D.shock震惊。句意：两人从一开始就不喜欢对方，随着时间的推移，情况也没有好转。根据前面的"she wasn't getting along well with another manager called Mary"可知，Kate无法和Mary相处融洽，说明应该是一开始就"不喜欢"对方，like符合语境。故选C项。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.rarely几乎不；B.scarcely几乎不；C.hardly几乎不；D.possibly可能。句意：凯特告诉我，很明显，她无法与玛丽相处，这将阻碍她的成功，并可能毁掉她在公司的职业生涯。根据本句"was going to block her success，and（4）_______ ruin her career at the company."可知，应该是"可能"毁掉她的职业生涯，possibly符合语境。故选D项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.designed设计；B.explored探索，探讨；C.imagined想象；D.repeated重复。句意：当凯特和我探讨情况时，她告诉我，玛丽被视为一位才华横溢，深受欢迎的经理。根据本句"As Kate and I（5）_______ the situation，she told me Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager."可知，应该是在"探讨"情况时，explored符合语境。故选B项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.names名字；B.firms公司；C.styles风格，样式；D.titles主题，标题。句意：但是凯特认为他们有不同的风格，玛丽让她不开心。根据下文"she told me Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager"可知，虽然Mary被视为一位才华横溢，深受欢迎的经理，但Kate觉得她们两之间只是"风格"不一样，styles符合语境。故选C项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.pleasant高兴的，愉快的；B.weak虚弱的；C.special特别的；D.unhappy不开心的，不高兴的。句意：但是凯特认为他们有不同的风格，玛丽让她不开心。根据上文的"The two didn't（3）_______ each other from the beginning，and as time passed things weren't getting any better."和"Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager"可知，Kate和Mary一开始就不喜欢对方，但是Mary又很受欢迎，由此可知，Kate觉得Mary让她不开心，unhappy符合语境。故选D项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.results结果；B.plans计划；C.secrets秘密；D.talks谈话。句意：就在那时，凯特意识到玛丽的团队合作对于取得他们都想要的商业成果是很重要的。根据本句"It was then that Kate realized Mary's teamwork was important for getting the business（8）_______ they all wanted."可知，应该是对想要的商业"结果"很重要，results符合语境。故选A项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.quarrel争吵；B.play玩；C.communicate交流，沟通；D.compete竞争。句意：在更诚实地衡量这段关系时，凯特意识到她一直未能以积极的方式与玛丽沟通。根据本句"In measuring the relationship more honestly，Kate realized she'd been failing to（9）_______ with Mary in positive ways."可知，应该是没有以积极的方式与Mary"沟通"，communicate符合语境。故选C项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.avoid避免；B.meet遇见；C.love爱；D.order命令。句意：她没有让玛丽觉得她的努力是有价值的，而且或多或少是在试图避开她。根据上文"In measuring the relationship more honestly，Kate realized she'd been failing to（9）_______ with Mary in positive ways."可知，没有以积极的方式与Mary沟通，说明应该是在试图"避开"她，avoid符合语境。故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.persuade说服，劝服；B.change改变；C.believe相信；D.cheer使振奋。句意：所以凯特决定改变自己。根据上下文可知，上午提到Kate没有以积极的方式与Mary沟通，下文则开始思考如何应对，由此可知Kate决定"改变"自己，change符合语境。故选B项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.meaning意义；B.luck好运；C.reason理由；D.value价值。句意：我不会和每个人都相处得很好，但与他人的每次互动都可能有价值。根据上文"She hadn't made Mary feel her efforts were valuable"和本句"I won't get along with everyone but there is possible（12）_______ in every interaction with others."可知，此处应指与他人的每次互动都可能有"价值"，value符合语境。故选D项。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.worked工作；B.failed失败；C.improved提高，改善；D.returned归还。句意：后来凯特和玛丽的关系大大改善了。根据下文"Now they communicate frequently in person and join in each other's team meetings."可知，经常亲自交流，说明关系改善了，improved符合语境。故选C项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.reducing减少；B.causing造成，导致；C.affecting影响；D.judging判断。句意：诚实地看看是什么导致了紧张。根据本句"Take an honest look at what's（14）_______ the tension."可知，应该是看看什么"导致了"紧张，causing符合语境。故选B项。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.objection反对；B.devotion奉献；C.contribution贡献；D.reaction反应。句意：也许你对这种情况的反应是问题的核心。根据本句"Maybe your（15）_______ to the situation is at the center of the problem."以及上文内容可知，使Kate本身的反应导致的她与Mary的问题，所以此处应是对这种情况的"反应"，reaction符合语境。故选D项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者帮助前委托人Kate分析并解决她与Mary之间相处不好的问题。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
31.【答案】【小题1】making
【小题2】how
【小题3】an
【小题4】increases
【小题5】practical
【小题6】washed
【小题7】where
【小题8】be required
【小题9】permission
【小题10】on
【解析】（1）考查现在分词。句意：如今，越来越受欢迎的可持续旅游不仅仅是观光，它还涉及与人们及其文化的联系，对我们参观的地方产生积极影响，并增加未来的机会。此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与make之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。
（2）考查特殊疑问句。句意：我们如何才能成为可持续旅游者？结合句意可知，此处表示"如何"，故用特殊疑问词how，故填how。
（3）考查冠词。句意：以环保的方式旅行很重要。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，environmentally为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
（4）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：乘飞机去旅游目的地，这大大增加了我们的碳足迹，对全球环境产生了巨大影响。结合句意和has可知，此处用一般现在时，主语为which，指代先行词Getting to a tourist destination by airplane，谓语动词用三单形式，故填increases。
（5）考查形容词。句意：虽然避免乘飞机并不总是可行的，但我们可以通过乘坐当地公共交通工具，甚至在可能的情况下步行来改善环境。此处用形容词作is的表语，表示"可行的"，故填practical。
（6）考查过去分词。句意：在酒店时，我们可以通过减少用水和不每天清洗床上用品和毛巾来减少影响。have sth done表示"让某件事被做"，our bedding and towels与wash之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填washed。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：参观寺庙或教堂时，如果需要严格的着装要求，我们应该穿着得体。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为temples or churches，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
（8）考查动词语态。句意：参观寺庙或教堂时，如果需要严格的着装要求，我们应该穿着得体。结合句意可知，主语strict dress code与require之间是被动关系，且空前有may，故填be required。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：我们在拍摄当地人的照片之前必须征得许可，这些人是人，并没有展出。此处用名词作ask for的宾语，表示"许可"，为不可数名词，故填admission。
（10）考查介词。句意：我们在拍摄当地人的照片之前必须征得许可，这些人是人，并没有展出。on display表示"展出，展示"符合句意，故填on。
本文为说明文，主要讲述了可持续旅游的重要性。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
32.【答案】Dear Jack，
I'm very excited to know the news that you were awarded MVP in the basketball match held in school last Sunday.【高分句型一】
I show my congratulations sincerely.（表示祝贺）This is a good evidence to show what hard work you've devoted to practicing and improving your skills.When you first learned to play basketball，you were at a loss about the basic skills and felt embarrassed.But it wasn't long before you caught up and became an excellent player.That you were awarded MVP shows your great determination and painstaking efforts in practising basketball.【高分句型二】（肯定他的付出）I hope that one day we can have a game of basketball，so that I can learn from you.（希望学习他的篮球技术）
Best wishes.
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I'm very excited to know the news that you were awarded MVP in the basketball match held in school last Sunday.
翻译：得知你在上周日学校举行的篮球赛中获得MVP的消息，我感到非常兴奋。
分析：本句使用了that引导的同位语从句。
高分句型二：That you were awarded MVP shows your great determination and painstaking efforts in practising basketball.
翻译：你被授予MVP这件事显示了你练习篮球的决心和艰辛的努力。
分析：本句使用了that引导的主语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
33.【答案】Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.She kept her head down with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual.It hit Catherine that the pecking order worked in school,too.Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height. 【高分句型一】"It's time for me to make an apology to Landy." Catherine thought to herself.No sooner had she made up her mind than she announced it to the cool kids surrounding her.Astonished at what she said,all the kids burst out screaming, "Talking to the long spaghetti？Are you crazy？" （Catherine发现Landy被冷落的样子而产生的联想，Catherine准备道歉，引起其他同学的惊讶）
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said. "Hi,Landy.I'm sorry about the spaghetti thing." Catherine murmured an apology,her face reddening. "I know it hurts you.Can you forgive us？" She figured Landy might just walk away.But she lifted her misty eyes and nodded yes.Catherine wiped away her tears,giving her a warm hug.Moved by the scene,the other kids also came to offer their sincere apologies to Landy.From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.【高分句型二】（ Catherine主动找Landy道歉，Landy和其他同学深受感动）
【解析】本文以班里同学关系为线索展开，讲述了班里最酷的孩子Catherine受到同学众星捧月般的欢迎，而她的同桌Landy却受到冷落，因为她个头最高，同学们给她起了侮辱性的外号"意大利面条"。Catherine在农场发现一只被其它的鸡欺负的可怜的小鸡，深感同情，从而联想到Landy,意识到大家不应该欺负她，Catherine回到学校后，号召大家团结Landy的故事。
高分句型一：Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height.
翻译：兰迪就像一只可怜的小鸡，被同学们嘲笑和忽视，只是因为她的特殊身高。
分析：本句使用了现在分词的被动形式being teased and ignored作状语。
高分句型二：From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.
翻译：从那天起，没有人编造关于兰迪的愚蠢的圣歌，凯瑟琳也学到了一个重要的人生教训，即每个人都应该受到平等对待，无论他或她有多特别。
分析：本句使用了由that引导的同位语从句以及no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年浙江省台州山海协作体高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共74.0分）
A
Europe is the second smallest continent in size but the third largest in population.Here are some facts to share.
People
About 10% of the world's population lives in Europe.Most of the European population groups，almost 90%，belong to the three Indo-European language groups of the Slavic，Romance and Germanic language groups.According to the World Happiness Report from 2018 to 2020，the World's happiest people live in Finland—and they won for the last three years in a row!
Languages
Most European languages belong to either the Romance language family such as French，Italian and Spanish，the Germanic language family，among which are German and English，or the Slavic language family，among which are Russian，Bulgarian and Polish.Russian is the language with most native speakers—about 100 million，while English is the language spoken by most people as a first language and a second language—about 270 million people.The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian，German，French，English and Italian.
Animals
In Europe，there are 270 species of mammals （哺乳动物） such as bats，deer and hares.Of all mammal species 15% are endangered，such as wolves and bears.There are 75 species of amphibians（两栖动物）in
Europe，most of which are unique to Southern Europe.Slightly more than half of the 800 European bird species breed in Europe，and all the others migrate to warmer regions during the cold winter months.
Natural resources
Metals such as zinc and silver and minerals such as copper and coal are found in Europe.Some areas in northern Europe have deposits of natural gas and oil.
Agriculture
The most common crops in Europe are cereals（谷类植物） such as wheat，corn as well as sugar beets，potatoes，vegetables and fruits.France is Europe's biggest producer of agricultural products.
1. What can we infer about the European population from the text？ ______
A. The population in Europe has decreased slightly.
B. Europe is thickly populated at the present time.
C. People in Europe belong to three language families.
D. People living in Europe are the happiest in the world.
2. What do we know about the languages in Europe？ ______
A. English belongs to the Romance language family.
B. English is the language with most native speakers.
C. The number of native Polish speakers is not very big.
D. French belongs to the Slavic language family.
3. Which of the following about Europe is right？ ______
A. Europe doesn't produce natural gas or oil.
B. Most animal species in Europe are endangered.
C. France produces the most agricultural products in Europe.
D. Over 400 European bird species fly to warmer areas in winter.
B
John Frederick Kensett was born on March 22，1816 in Cheshire，Connecticut.He attended school at Cheshire Academy，and studied carving with his immigrant father，Tomas Kensett，and later with his uncle.He worked as a carver in the New Haven area until about 1838，after which he went to work as a banknote carver in New York City.He didn't know his carving experience would benefit him later.In 1840，Kensett traveled to Europe in order to study painting.He sketched （画素描） and painted throughout Europe，improving his talents.During this period，Kensett developed an affection for the 17th-century Dutch landscape painting.He returned to the United States in 1847.
After establishing his studio and settling in New York，Kensett traveled extensively throughout the Northeast and the Colorado Rockies as well as making several trips back to Europe.
Kensett is best known for his landscape of New York and New England and seascapes （海景画） of coastal New Jersey，Long Island and New England.He is most closely associated with the so-called "second generation" of the Hudson River School.In 1851 Kensett painted a monumental canvas （巨幅油画） of Mount Washington that has become a sign of White Mountain art.
Kensett's style evolved gradually，from the traditional Hudson River School manner in the 1850s into the more improved Luminist style in his later years.By the early 1870s Kensett was spending considerable time at his home on Contentment Island，on Long Island Sound near Darien Connecticut.
It was during this time that Kensett painted some of his finest works.Many of these were seascapes，the major example being Eaton's Neck，Long Island （1872）now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
The artist was widely praised and financially successful during his lifetime.In turn，he was generous in support of the arts and artists.He was a full member of the National Academy of Design，the founder and president of the Artists' Fund Society，and a founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kensett died of heart failure at his New York studio on December 14，1872.
4. What can we learn about Kensett from the first paragraph？ ______
A. He studied carving at Cheshire Academy.
B. His uncle taught him to paint before 1840.
C. His carving work laid a foundation for his painting.
D. He painted throughout Europe to earn some money.
5. What was the feature of Kensett's paintings？ ______
A. Most of them were in Luminist style.
B. They had nothing to do with White Mountain art.
C. They were once influenced by the Hudson River School.
D. All of them were closely associated with carving art.
6. When did Kensett produce his best paintings？ ______
A. When he first traveled in Europe.
B. When he painted a monumental canvas.
C. When he learned the Dutch landscape painting.
D. When he was in Connecticut in the early 1870s.
7. What can we infer about Kensett's later life？ ______
A. He had financial problems.
B. He retired early because of ill health.
C. He gained both fame and income.
D. He devoted himself to charity work.
C
Right now you should know about two ways to represent numbers，as Roman numerals and Arabic numerals.Plus，people in other countries use different symbols for numbers.With all these different symbols，how can math be a universal language？
Math is a universal language because the principles and foundations of math are the same everywhere around the world.Ten plus ten equals twenty if you write it as Arabic numerals 10+10=20 or Roman numerals X+X=XX.The concept of 20 items is the same no matter where you are in the world.
And，what about geometry（几何）？A circle is always a circle and its circumference （周长） is always calculated the same way no matter where you are in the world.The same holds true for any other figure like triangles，squares or rectangles.
We like to visit other countries to experience new scenery，new foods and a different culture.It's fun to watch documentaries about festivals that we don't have in North America.There is a great deal of cultural diversity in the world that we can enjoy and celebrate.But math is one thing that is common to everyone.
Different countries use different units of measurement；for example，the United States and the United Kingdom use inches and feet while the rest of Europe uses metric measurements of centimeters and meters.But no matter what the units are，everyone must measure the house that they are building.Houses everywhere，whether they are square or round，are built using the same mathematical equations（方程式）.
The principles of probability are the same everywhere as well.The chance of rain in Guatemala might be greater than the chance of rain in the Sahara Desert but probability works the same way.People around the world have different genes but the probability of passing on genes to their children follows the same mathematical rules.
It is easy to see that no matter how diverse different cultures are，math is one common language across the world.
8. How many ways to stand for numbers are mentioned in the text？ ______
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
9. What is the author's purpose in mentioning geometry in the third paragraph？ ______
A. To highlight the importance of math.
B. To study different shapes and forms.
C. To show how to calculate the circumference.
D. To prove math calculation is often used in it is always the same.
10. What does the underlined word"figure"mean in the third paragraph？ ______
A. Shape. B. Size. C. Picture. D. Field.
11. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？ ______
A. Math has no distinct characteristics of diversity.
B. Documentaries about festivals are always fun.
C. People hope to experience different cultures abroad.
D. Culture has a huge impact on the development of math.
D
In Illinois，legislators （立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead （铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure （基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.
State Senator Melinda Bush，a supporter of the legislation，said the lines are a health threat that not only costs us billions of dollars，but poisons our children and destroys our residents' confidence in their water supply.
"Passing this bill with strong support shows a basic truth about lead in our drinking water—it affects all of us，and every single one of us，especially our children，deserves clean，safe drinking water，" Bush said.
The Lead Service Line Replacement Notification Act creates timelines for owners and operators of community water supplies that have lead service lines to make a list of those lines and create replacement plans.Water suppliers will have to submit their replacement plan to the Environmental Protection Agency by April 2024.The law also requires the state's Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity to create a low-income water assistance policy and program to ensure state residents have access to affordable，clean water.
Lead in drinking water has long been linked to a host of health problems，including kidney failure，heart disease，learning disabilities and impaired（受损的） hearing.Studies have found that even tiny amounts of lead can damage children's brains.
Bush said it's estimated that Illinois has about an eighth of all known lead service lines in the country.
Service lines are the pipes that carry water from a city's street mains to homes.Not only does Illinois have one-eighth of the lead service lines in the country，but 300，000 to 500.000 of them are in Chicago.
"Although this is a statewide problem，we know that this toxic infrastructure really affects Illinois' people，" Bush said.
12. What does the underlined word "toxic" mean in the first paragraph？ ______
A. Basic. B. Common. C. Healthy. D. Poisonous.
13. Why must the newly signed law be carried out as soon as possible？ ______
A. To warn water suppliers to offer clean water.
B. To test whether the water system works well.
C. To raise the confidence of all the Illinoisans.
D. To make sure residents have safe drinking water.
14. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？ ______
A. The submitted policy must favour the poor families.
B. The residents in Illinois haven't realized the possible dangers.
C. Water suppliers have submitted a practical replacement plan.
D. The government should inspect community water supplies regularly.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Statewide Lead in Water Is Hurting You.
B. Lead in Water Is Damaging Kids' Brains.
C. Getting the Lead Out with the New Technology.
D. A New Law Urges to Remove Lead Service Lines.
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
I am a psychologist.Kate，a former client who I had helped，got a promotion recently.She came into my（1） ______ .I expected our conversation would be about her success.（2） ______ ，Kate mentioned she had a simple but serious problem—-she wasn't getting along well with another manager called Mary.The two didn't （3） ______ each other from the beginning，and as time passed things weren't getting any better.Kate told me that it was becoming painfully clear that her inability to get on with Mary was going to block her success，and （4） ______ ruin her career at the company.
As Kate and I （5） ______ the situation，she told me Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager.But Kate believed that they had different （6） ______ ，and Mary made her （7） ______ .I suggested Kate revisit their shared work.It was then that Kate realized Mary's teamwork was important for getting the business （8） ______ they all wanted.In measuring the relationship more honestly，Kate realized she'd been failing to （9） ______ with Mary in positive ways.She hadn't made Mary feel her efforts were valuable，and had more or less been trying to （10） ______ her.
So Kate decided to （11） ______ herself.She thought about the cause of the situation and how she responded to it.She reminded herself， "I won't get along with everyone but there is possible（12） ______ in every interaction with others.I can and should learn from almost everyone I meet." Later Kate and Mary's relationship greatly （13） ______ .Now they communicate frequently in person and join in each other's team meetings.Take an honest look at what's （14） ______ the tension.Maybe your （15） ______ to the situation is at the center of the problem.
16. A. garden B. yard C. office D. school
17. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Besides
18. A. know B. attack C. like D. shock
19. A. rarely B. scarcely C. hardly D. possibly
20. A. designed B. explored C. imagined D. repeated
21. A. names B. firms C. styles D. titles
22. A. pleasant B. weak C. special D. unhappy
23. A. results B. plans C. secrets D. talks
24. A. quarrel B. play C. communicate D. compete
25. A. avoid B. meet C. love D. order
26. A. persuade B. change C. believe D. cheer
27. A. meaning B. luck C. reason D. value
28. A. worked B. failed C. improved D. returned
29. A. reducing B. causing C. affecting D. judging
30. A. objection B. devotion C. contribution D. reaction
三、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
31. Sustainable tourism，which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays，is not just about seeing the sights — it is also about connecting with people and their cultures， (1) （ make） a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future.So， (2) can we be sustainable tourists？
It is important to travel in (3) environmentally friendly manner.Getting to a tourist destination by airplane，which greatly (4) （ increase） our carbon footprint，has a huge impact on the global environment.While avoiding flying is not always (5) （ practice），we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport or even on foot wherever possible.When at the hotel，we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels (6) （ wash） every day.We also need to protect the local culture.When visiting temples or churches， (7) a strict dress code may (8) （ require），we should dress appropriately.While travelling，we should respect the right to privacy.We must ask for (9) （ permit） before taking pictures of the local people，who are human beings and not (10) display.
In summary，being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect — for nature，culture and people.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
四、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共65.0分）
32. 假定你是李华，你的美国好友Jack在学校篮球比赛中被评为MVP，请你给他写封祝贺信。要点如下：
（1）表示祝贺；（2）肯定他的付出；（3）希望学习他的篮球技术。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 80词左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
33. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine was the coolest kid in her class.Whenever she went,she was in the spotlight,with a bunch of kids following her and doing everything she did.
Her desk mate,Landy,however,was not in the cool kids' group.Being the tallest kid in her class,she was teased by her classmates,who were always chanting "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti （意大利面）".Every time Landy heard those silly chants,she could feel her face burst into flames.God knew how she wished the ground to crack and swallow her!
Catherine didn't really like it when the kids chanted "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti".But she never told them to stop either,and nor did she ever talk to her.She liked being popular.
One weekend,Catherine went over to her grandfather for Thanksgiving.Her grandfather lived on a farm at the opposite end of town,where he kept chickens.While helping to feed the chickens,Catherine noticed a peculiar one.Curling in the corner,it looked smaller than the others and was almost half-bare!
"What's the matter with it？" She asked her grandfather,with a puzzled frown on her face.Her grandfather told her how chickens could act. "They have a pecking （啄） order, " he explained,wrinkles of concern spreading around his forehead. "If one chicken is different,the others will push it away and keep pecking it.Sometimes they peck it so much that it dies. "
"Oh,what a poor little thing!" Catherine let out a sigh as she scooped the frightened chicken up in her arms,whose heart was beating fast in the bony little body.Suddenly,she thought of Landy,the girl being "pecked" by her classmates. "I'm going to take it home and take good care of it, "she said with a determined look.
Back in school,Catherine told the cool kids about the chicken. "It's looking healthy, " she said proudly. "It's fatter and its feathers are growing.Even the cat likes it.She carries it around the garden,and. . . " Everyone was entertained by Catherine's story of her lovely chicken,laughter lingering around the classroom.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.________
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said.__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句Europe is the second smallest continent in size but the third largest in population.（欧洲是面积第二小的大陆，但人口第三大。）以及People中的About 10% of the world's population lives in Europe.（世界上大约10%的人口生活在欧洲。）可知，欧洲面积小但人口却很多，全世界大约10%的人口生活在欧洲，故欧洲的人口密度很大。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Languages中的Most European languages belong to either the Romance language family such as French，Italian and Spanish，the Germanic language family，among which are German and English，or the Slavic language family，among which are Russian，Bulgarian and Polish.（大多数欧洲语言要么属于罗曼语系，如法语、意大利语和西班牙语，要么属于日耳曼语系，其中包括德语和英语，要么属于斯拉夫语系，其中包括俄语、保加利亚语和波兰语。）可知，法语属于罗曼语系，英语属于日耳曼语系，故A、D项均错；根据Russian is the language with most native speakers—about 100 million，while English is the language spoken by most people as a first language and a second language—about 270 million people.（俄语是母语使用者最多的语言——大约有1亿人，而英语是大多数人作为第一语言和第二语言使用的语言——大约有2.7亿人。）可知，俄语是母语使用者最多的语言，而不是英语，故B项错误；根据The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian，German，French，English and Italian.（欧洲最常用的五种母语是俄语、德语、法语、英语和意大利语。）可知，波兰语不是欧洲最常用的五种母语，故以波兰语为母语的人并不多。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章Natural resources中的Some areas in northern Europe have deposits of natural gas and oil.（北欧的一些地区蕴藏着天然气和石油。）可知，北欧生产天然气和石油，故A项错误；根据文章Animals中的In Europe，there are 270 species of mammals （哺乳动物） such as bats，deer and hares.Of all mammal species 15% are endangered.（在欧洲，有270种哺乳动物，如蝙蝠、鹿和野兔。所有哺乳动物中有15%濒临灭绝。）可知，哺乳动物中有15%濒临灭绝，并非大多数，故B项错误；根据文章Animals中的Slightly more than half of the 800 European bird species breed in Europe，and all the others migrate to warmer regions during the cold winter months.（在欧洲800种鸟类中，略多于一半的鸟类在欧洲繁殖，所有其他鸟类在寒冷的冬季迁徙到温暖的地区。）可知，欧洲800种鸟类中，有400多的鸟类在欧洲繁殖，剩下不到400的鸟类会迁徙到温暖地区，故D项错误；根据文章Agriculture中的France is Europe's biggest producer of agricultural products.（法国是欧洲最大的农产品生产国。）可知，法国生产的农产品是欧洲最多的。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章从人口、语言、动物、自然资源和农业等方面介绍了欧洲的基本情况。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】C、C、D、C
【解析】 （1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段He worked as a carver in the New Haven area until about 1838，after which he went to work as a banknote carver in New York City.He didn't know his carving experience would benefit him later.In 1840，Kensett traveled to Europe in order to study painting. （他在纽黑文地区做雕刻工，直到1838年左右，之后他去纽约市做纸币雕刻工。他不知道自己的雕刻经验日后会给他带来好处。1840年，肯赛特前往欧洲学习绘画。）可知，Kenset当雕刻工的经历为他积累了丰富的雕刻经验，这些雕刻经验为他的绘画学习打下了扎实的基础。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段He is most closely associated with the so-called "second generation" of the Hudson River School.（他与所谓的哈德逊河学派的"第二代"联系最为密切。）可知，Kensett的画与哈德逊河学派"第二代"密切相关，即Kensett的画深受哈德逊河学派的影响。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段By the early 1870s Kensett was spending considerable time at his home on Contentment Island，on Long Island Sound near Darien Connecticut.（到19世纪70年代初，肯塞特在康涅狄格州达里恩附近的长岛海峡的知足岛上的家中度过了相当长的时间。）及第五段It was during this time that Kensett painted some of his finest works.（正是在这段时间里，肯塞特画了一些他最好的作品。）可知，正是在19世纪70年代初在康涅狄格州的时候，Kensett创作出了他最好的作品。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段The artist was widely praised and financially successful during his lifetime.In turn，he was generous in support of the arts and artists.He was a full member of the National Academy of Design，the founder and president of the Artists' Fund Society，and a founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.（这位艺术家生前广受赞誉，经济上也很成功。反过来，他也慷慨地支持艺术和艺术家。他是美国国家设计学院的正式成员，艺术家基金协会的创始人和主席，大都会艺术博物馆的创始人之一。）可知，Kensett生前名誉很好，担任很多职务，经济上也很富足，由此可推测，Kensett的晚年名利双收。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国著名画家Kensett的生平及成就。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、D、A、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Right now you should know about two ways to represent numbers，as Roman numerals and Arabic numerals.（现在你应该知道两种表示数字的方法，罗马数字和阿拉伯数字。）可知，文章提到了罗马数字和阿拉伯数字这两种表示数字的方法。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段And，what about geometry（几何）？A circle is always a circle and its circumference （周长） is always calculated the same way no matter where you are in the world.The same holds true for any other figure like triangles，squares or rectangles.（那么，几何呢？圆始终是圆，无论你在世界上的哪个地方，它的周长都是用同样的方法计算的。这同样适用于任何其他图形，如三角形、正方形或矩形。）以及文章第二段第一句Math is a universal language because the principles and foundations of math are the same everywhere around the world.（数学是一种通用语言，因为数学的原理和基础在世界各地都是一样的。）可知，作者提到几何的目的是想说明它们的计算方式是一样的。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据文章第三段The same holds true for any other figure like triangles，squares or rectangles.（这同样适用于任何其他图形，如三角形、正方形或矩形。）可知，三角形、正方形、矩形等都是"figure"的代表，三角形、正方形、矩形都是图形，由此可推知，figure意为"图形"。A.Shape.图形；B.Size.尺寸；C.Picture.图片；D.Field.田地、领域。故figure与shape同义。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第四段We like to visit other countries to experience new scenery，new foods and a different culture.It's fun to watch documentaries about festivals that we don't have in North America.There is a great deal of cultural diversity in the world that we can enjoy and celebrate.But math is one thing that is common to everyone.（我们喜欢到其他国家去体验新的风景、新的食物和不同的文化。看关于电影节的纪录片很有趣，这在北美是没有的。世界上有大量的文化多样性，我们可以享受和庆祝。但数学对每个人来说都很常见。）可知，世界上有大量的文化多样性，但是数学对每个人来说都很常见，由此可推知，数学没有多样性。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章说明了数学是一种通用性语言。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】D、D、A、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据文章第一段In Illinois，legislators （立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead （铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure（基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.（在伊利诺伊州，立法者和支持拆除该州铅管道的人士周一表示，一项新签署的法律使该州离拆除"toxic基础设施"更近了一步，并确保所有伊利诺伊州人都有干净的水喝。）可知，这里的toxic infrastructure代指前面提到的the state's lead service lines，结合常识可知，铅对人体是有害的，故此处的toxic也应为负面词。A．Basic基本的；B．Common普通的；C．Healthy健康的；D．Poisonous有毒的。故toxic"有毒的"与poisonous同义。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一段In Illinois，legislators（立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead（铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure（基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.（在伊利诺斯州，立法者和移除该州铅管线的倡导者周一表示，一项新签署的法律使该州离移除"有毒基础设施"更近了一步，并确保所有伊利诺伊州人都有干净的水喝。）可知，新签署的法律将尽快实施的原因是为了确保居民有干净的水喝。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句The law also requires the state's Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity to create a low-income water assistance policy and program to ensure state residents have access to affordable，clean water.（该法律还要求该州商业和经济机会部制定一项低收入水援助政策和计划，以确保该州居民能够获得负担得起的干净的水。）可知，该州商业和经济机会部需要制定低收入水援助政策和计划，即所提交的政策必须有利于贫困家庭。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第一段"In Illinois，legislators（立法委员） and advocates of removing the state's lead（铅） service lines said on Monday that a newly signed law moves the state closer to removing that " toxic infrastructure（基础设施）"and ensuring all Illinoisans have clean water to drink.（在伊利诺斯州，立法者和移除该州铅管线的倡导者周一表示，一项新签署的法律使该州离移除"有毒基础设施"更近了一步，并确保所有伊利诺斯州人都有干净的水喝。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项敦促拆除含铅管线的新法律，故D项A New Law Urges to Remove Lead Service Lines.（一项新法律敦促拆除含铅管线。）能够概括文章主题，符合题意。故选D。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一项敦促拆除含铅管线的新法律。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~30.【答案】C、B、C、D、B、C、D、A、C、A、B、D、C、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.garden花园；B.yard院子；C.office办公室；D.school学校。句意：她走进我的办公室。根据上文"I am a psychologist.Kate，a former client who I had helped，got a promotion recently."可知，作者是一名心理学家，Kate是他的前委托人，由此可知，是来到作者的办公室，office符合语境。故选C项。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore因此；B.Instead相反；C.Moreover而且；D.Besides此外。句意：相反，凯特提到她有一个简单但严重的问题---她和另一个叫玛丽的经理相处得不好。根据前面的"I expected our conversation would be about her success."和后面的"Kate mentioned she had a simple but serious problem"可知，作者以为Kate会谈到关于她的成功，但Kate却提到了别的问题，前后之间为转折关系，应用instead。故选B项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.know知道，了解；B.attack攻击；C.like喜欢；D.shock震惊。句意：两人从一开始就不喜欢对方，随着时间的推移，情况也没有好转。根据前面的"she wasn't getting along well with another manager called Mary"可知，Kate无法和Mary相处融洽，说明应该是一开始就"不喜欢"对方，like符合语境。故选C项。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.rarely几乎不；B.scarcely几乎不；C.hardly几乎不；D.possibly可能。句意：凯特告诉我，很明显，她无法与玛丽相处，这将阻碍她的成功，并可能毁掉她在公司的职业生涯。根据本句"was going to block her success，and（4）_______ ruin her career at the company."可知，应该是"可能"毁掉她的职业生涯，possibly符合语境。故选D项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.designed设计；B.explored探索，探讨；C.imagined想象；D.repeated重复。句意：当凯特和我探讨情况时，她告诉我，玛丽被视为一位才华横溢，深受欢迎的经理。根据本句"As Kate and I（5）_______ the situation，she told me Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager."可知，应该是在"探讨"情况时，explored符合语境。故选B项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.names名字；B.firms公司；C.styles风格，样式；D.titles主题，标题。句意：但是凯特认为他们有不同的风格，玛丽让她不开心。根据下文"she told me Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager"可知，虽然Mary被视为一位才华横溢，深受欢迎的经理，但Kate觉得她们两之间只是"风格"不一样，styles符合语境。故选C项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.pleasant高兴的，愉快的；B.weak虚弱的；C.special特别的；D.unhappy不开心的，不高兴的。句意：但是凯特认为他们有不同的风格，玛丽让她不开心。根据上文的"The two didn't（3）_______ each other from the beginning，and as time passed things weren't getting any better."和"Mary was seen as a highly talented and well-liked manager"可知，Kate和Mary一开始就不喜欢对方，但是Mary又很受欢迎，由此可知，Kate觉得Mary让她不开心，unhappy符合语境。故选D项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.results结果；B.plans计划；C.secrets秘密；D.talks谈话。句意：就在那时，凯特意识到玛丽的团队合作对于取得他们都想要的商业成果是很重要的。根据本句"It was then that Kate realized Mary's teamwork was important for getting the business（8）_______ they all wanted."可知，应该是对想要的商业"结果"很重要，results符合语境。故选A项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.quarrel争吵；B.play玩；C.communicate交流，沟通；D.compete竞争。句意：在更诚实地衡量这段关系时，凯特意识到她一直未能以积极的方式与玛丽沟通。根据本句"In measuring the relationship more honestly，Kate realized she'd been failing to（9）_______ with Mary in positive ways."可知，应该是没有以积极的方式与Mary"沟通"，communicate符合语境。故选C项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.avoid避免；B.meet遇见；C.love爱；D.order命令。句意：她没有让玛丽觉得她的努力是有价值的，而且或多或少是在试图避开她。根据上文"In measuring the relationship more honestly，Kate realized she'd been failing to（9）_______ with Mary in positive ways."可知，没有以积极的方式与Mary沟通，说明应该是在试图"避开"她，avoid符合语境。故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.persuade说服，劝服；B.change改变；C.believe相信；D.cheer使振奋。句意：所以凯特决定改变自己。根据上下文可知，上午提到Kate没有以积极的方式与Mary沟通，下文则开始思考如何应对，由此可知Kate决定"改变"自己，change符合语境。故选B项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.meaning意义；B.luck好运；C.reason理由；D.value价值。句意：我不会和每个人都相处得很好，但与他人的每次互动都可能有价值。根据上文"She hadn't made Mary feel her efforts were valuable"和本句"I won't get along with everyone but there is possible（12）_______ in every interaction with others."可知，此处应指与他人的每次互动都可能有"价值"，value符合语境。故选D项。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.worked工作；B.failed失败；C.improved提高，改善；D.returned归还。句意：后来凯特和玛丽的关系大大改善了。根据下文"Now they communicate frequently in person and join in each other's team meetings."可知，经常亲自交流，说明关系改善了，improved符合语境。故选C项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.reducing减少；B.causing造成，导致；C.affecting影响；D.judging判断。句意：诚实地看看是什么导致了紧张。根据本句"Take an honest look at what's（14）_______ the tension."可知，应该是看看什么"导致了"紧张，causing符合语境。故选B项。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.objection反对；B.devotion奉献；C.contribution贡献；D.reaction反应。句意：也许你对这种情况的反应是问题的核心。根据本句"Maybe your（15）_______ to the situation is at the center of the problem."以及上文内容可知，使Kate本身的反应导致的她与Mary的问题，所以此处应是对这种情况的"反应"，reaction符合语境。故选D项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者帮助前委托人Kate分析并解决她与Mary之间相处不好的问题。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
31.【答案】【小题1】making
【小题2】how
【小题3】an
【小题4】increases
【小题5】practical
【小题6】washed
【小题7】where
【小题8】be required
【小题9】permission
【小题10】on
【解析】（1）考查现在分词。句意：如今，越来越受欢迎的可持续旅游不仅仅是观光，它还涉及与人们及其文化的联系，对我们参观的地方产生积极影响，并增加未来的机会。此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与make之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。
（2）考查特殊疑问句。句意：我们如何才能成为可持续旅游者？结合句意可知，此处表示"如何"，故用特殊疑问词how，故填how。
（3）考查冠词。句意：以环保的方式旅行很重要。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，environmentally为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
（4）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：乘飞机去旅游目的地，这大大增加了我们的碳足迹，对全球环境产生了巨大影响。结合句意和has可知，此处用一般现在时，主语为which，指代先行词Getting to a tourist destination by airplane，谓语动词用三单形式，故填increases。
（5）考查形容词。句意：虽然避免乘飞机并不总是可行的，但我们可以通过乘坐当地公共交通工具，甚至在可能的情况下步行来改善环境。此处用形容词作is的表语，表示"可行的"，故填practical。
（6）考查过去分词。句意：在酒店时，我们可以通过减少用水和不每天清洗床上用品和毛巾来减少影响。have sth done表示"让某件事被做"，our bedding and towels与wash之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填washed。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：参观寺庙或教堂时，如果需要严格的着装要求，我们应该穿着得体。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为temples or churches，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
（8）考查动词语态。句意：参观寺庙或教堂时，如果需要严格的着装要求，我们应该穿着得体。结合句意可知，主语strict dress code与require之间是被动关系，且空前有may，故填be required。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：我们在拍摄当地人的照片之前必须征得许可，这些人是人，并没有展出。此处用名词作ask for的宾语，表示"许可"，为不可数名词，故填admission。
（10）考查介词。句意：我们在拍摄当地人的照片之前必须征得许可，这些人是人，并没有展出。on display表示"展出，展示"符合句意，故填on。
本文为说明文，主要讲述了可持续旅游的重要性。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
32.【答案】Dear Jack，
I'm very excited to know the news that you were awarded MVP in the basketball match held in school last Sunday.【高分句型一】
I show my congratulations sincerely.（表示祝贺）This is a good evidence to show what hard work you've devoted to practicing and improving your skills.When you first learned to play basketball，you were at a loss about the basic skills and felt embarrassed.But it wasn't long before you caught up and became an excellent player.That you were awarded MVP shows your great determination and painstaking efforts in practising basketball.【高分句型二】（肯定他的付出）I hope that one day we can have a game of basketball，so that I can learn from you.（希望学习他的篮球技术）
Best wishes.
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I'm very excited to know the news that you were awarded MVP in the basketball match held in school last Sunday.
翻译：得知你在上周日学校举行的篮球赛中获得MVP的消息，我感到非常兴奋。
分析：本句使用了that引导的同位语从句。
高分句型二：That you were awarded MVP shows your great determination and painstaking efforts in practising basketball.
翻译：你被授予MVP这件事显示了你练习篮球的决心和艰辛的努力。
分析：本句使用了that引导的主语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
33.【答案】Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.She kept her head down with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual.It hit Catherine that the pecking order worked in school,too.Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height. 【高分句型一】"It's time for me to make an apology to Landy." Catherine thought to herself.No sooner had she made up her mind than she announced it to the cool kids surrounding her.Astonished at what she said,all the kids burst out screaming, "Talking to the long spaghetti？Are you crazy？" （Catherine发现Landy被冷落的样子而产生的联想，Catherine准备道歉，引起其他同学的惊讶）
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said. "Hi,Landy.I'm sorry about the spaghetti thing." Catherine murmured an apology,her face reddening. "I know it hurts you.Can you forgive us？" She figured Landy might just walk away.But she lifted her misty eyes and nodded yes.Catherine wiped away her tears,giving her a warm hug.Moved by the scene,the other kids also came to offer their sincere apologies to Landy.From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.【高分句型二】（ Catherine主动找Landy道歉，Landy和其他同学深受感动）
【解析】本文以班里同学关系为线索展开，讲述了班里最酷的孩子Catherine受到同学众星捧月般的欢迎，而她的同桌Landy却受到冷落，因为她个头最高，同学们给她起了侮辱性的外号"意大利面条"。Catherine在农场发现一只被其它的鸡欺负的可怜的小鸡，深感同情，从而联想到Landy,意识到大家不应该欺负她，Catherine回到学校后，号召大家团结Landy的故事。
高分句型一：Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height.
翻译：兰迪就像一只可怜的小鸡，被同学们嘲笑和忽视，只是因为她的特殊身高。
分析：本句使用了现在分词的被动形式being teased and ignored作状语。
高分句型二：From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.
翻译：从那天起，没有人编造关于兰迪的愚蠢的圣歌，凯瑟琳也学到了一个重要的人生教训，即每个人都应该受到平等对待，无论他或她有多特别。
分析：本句使用了由that引导的同位语从句以及no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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