2023年【暑假分层作业】八年级英语(人教版)-第18练形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
展开2023年【暑假分层作业】八年级英语(人教版)-第18练 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
第18练 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
(一) 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成
构成方式
例词
规则变化
单音节和部分双音节词
一般在词尾加-er,-est
small→smaller→smallestloud→louder→loudest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词,加-r,-st
large→larger→largest
以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big→bigger→biggestearly→earlierr→earliest
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er,-est
ugly→uglier→ugliestbusy→busier→busiest
少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词,词尾加-er,-est
narrow→narrower→narrowest
多音节
其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词,在词前加more,most
important→more important→most important quickly →more quickly →most quickly
不规则变化
bad/ill/badly→worse→worst;much/many→more→most;good/well→better→best;far→farther/further→farthest/furthest;old→older/elder→oldest /eldest;little→less→least
【易错警示】1. farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别:二者表示距离时,往往可互换,但是用于引申义,表示程度时,只能使用后者。
He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。
(二) 形容词、副词比较等级的句式结构和用法
1.A+be+形容词比较级than+B 表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况
在比较级+ than的结构前可以加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词,以对其进行修饰,如:far(远), even(甚至), much(许多), still(更,还), a lot(许多), a little / bit(一点), rather(相当地), slightly(略微), not any(不再), three times(三倍)等。
2.as+形容词/副词的原级+as 表示"……和……一样……"
3. 比较级+and+比较级 表示"越来越……
4. the+比较级, the+比较级 表示"越……,就越……
5. A+be+形容词最高级of/in…表示"A在某范围内是最……的"
6. no +比较级+ than的结构表示"A和B一样不……"。
形容词和副词比较等级的用法
一、1. 同级比较:同级比较用原形,as…as永不离;as…as加not,只言两者是同一,若是not so…as,后强前弱不看齐。
2. 比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。
【妙语诠释】 ①同级比较一般用as…as表示"与……一样……",这时谁强谁弱无法比较出来,而not so…as则表示后者比前者强,翻译为"不如……";②比较级通常和than 连用,而最高级通常跟有定冠词the。
二、原级用在as…as间,比较级用在than前,
and连接两个比较级,说明"越来越怎样"。
三者以上最高级,副词前可不加the,
even,much和a little,也常修饰比较级。
三、一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起。
若将等级掌握齐,比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题。
若甲乙程度相同,as…as 结构体。甲某方面不及乙,用 not so/as…as表示。
上述内容全记起,比较等级谈完毕。
一、单项选择
1.Exercising on the playground is as ________ as studying in the classroom.
A.important B.more important C.the most important
2.Of all the rivers in China, the Changjiang River is ________
A.long B.longer C.the longest
3.— I’m getting a COVID-19 vaccine (接种新冠疫苗) this afternoon.
—Everyone should take a vaccine, or we will be in even ________ danger.
A.greatest B.greater C.smaller D.smallest
4.— How do you find the chat show on CCTV, Lucy?
— Wonderful! It’s the ________ program I’ve ever watched.
A.better B.best C.worse D.worst
5.Jogging is ________ than many sports, just get good running shoes.
A.cheaper B.cheap C.cheapest D.the cheapest
6.The trip to Sydney is one that I have ever taken in the last twenty years.
A.enjoyable B.more enjoyable C.the most enjoyable
7.—________ clever boy your brother is!
—So he is. He is ________ in my family.
A.What a; clever B.What a; the cleverest C.How; cleverer
8.It’s well known that the Great Wall is one of ________ man-made wonders in the world.
A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest
9.Putting out forest fire is regarded as one of ___________ problems in the world today.
A.difficult B.more difficult C.most difficult D.the most difficult
10.Tony eats a lot and never takes exercise. He becomes the ________ in his class.
A.thinner B.thinnest C.heavier D.heaviest
11.Wendy studies ________ than any other student in her class.
A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.the hardest
12.—Who is better at speaking, Jenny or Spencer?
—Jenny, I think. But she does ________ in writing.
A.a bit bad B.a little worse C.much better D.a bit good
13.Credit cards (信用卡) is used ________ than before. We usually pay with smart phones now.
A.little B.fewer C.less D.more
14.A mobile phone with 5G downloads a video ________ than the one with 4G.
A.much fast B.much faster C.more fast D.more faster
15.—Why are you so upset, Joe?
—Well, I just can't believe that I did so badly on my second practice exam, even_________ than the first one!
A.badly B.worse C.worst D.the worst
16.Lucy wants to improve her English this term, so she works _________than before.
A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.the hardest
17.Underground lines make people go out ________ than before.
A.convenient B.conveniently C.more conveniently D.most conveniently
18.Although I read the novel last year, I decide to read it again ________________ to get a better understanding.
A.less carefully B.more carefully C.the least carefully D.the most carefully
19.The team played ________ on Saturday than on Tuesday.
A.good B.well C.better D.best
20.Jim jumps ________ in our class. I believe that he will win the high jump.
A.high B.higher C.highest D.highly
二、完形填空
I was nine when my father first sent me flowers. I had been taking tap-dancing lessons for six months, and the school was holding its yearly 21 . As a member of the beginners’ chorus line (歌舞团), it was a 22 to have my name called out at the end of the performance along with the lead dancers and to find my arms full of red roses. I can still feel myself standing on that 23 , seeing my father at the audience, he cheered 24 .
As the years passed, all kinds of celebration festivals — birthdays, awards, graduations — were 25 with Dad’s flowers. Dad’s flowers stand for his 26 and my success. When I 27 from college, I got a new job and got married.
As I developed better, my father gradually became 28 , but his gifts of flowers continued 29 he died of a heart disease a few days before his 70th birthday. I covered his coffin 30 the largest reddest roses I could find.
Often in the following years since, I have 31 expected to go out and buy a big bunch (花束) to fill the living room, 32 I never did. I knew it would not be the same.
One birthday, I was feeling 33 because I was alone at home. Then the doorbell rang. To my surprise, there stood my son, Matt, who had run out earlier with a “see you later”, never mentioning my birthday. “Forgot my key,” he said, shrugging. “Forgot your birthday too. Well, I hope you like 34 , Mom.” He pulled a bunch of daisies (雏菊) from behind his back. “Oh, Matt,” I 35 , hugging him hard, “I love flowers!”
21.A.speech B.performance C.survey D.report
22.A.surprise B.symbol C.record D.progress
23.A.bench B.floor C.stage D.seat
24.A.carefully B.quietly C.quickly D.loudly
25.A.acted B.marked C.covered D.played
26.A.pride B.sadness C.mind D.warmth
27.A.moved B.graduated C.worked D.found
28.A.busy B.unhappy C.weak D.careful
29.A.after B.while C.until D.since
30.A.of B.on C.in D.with
31.A.strongly B.suddenly C.clearly D.certainly
32.A.so B.and C.but D.or
33.A.nervous B.glad C.lucky D.upset
34.A.cards B.flowers C.cakes D.clothes
35.A.doubted B.cried C.looked D.shouted
三、短文综合填空
阅读短文,根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空,使文章语义通顺。
Winter is cold. People live in warm houses. What do animals do? Animals are smart. They do many 36 (difference) amazing things to get through the winter. Some of them “migrate (迁徙)”. This means they travel to other p 37 where the weather is warmer or where they can find food.
Many birds migrate in autumn. Because the trip can be 38 (danger), some travel in large groups. Many fish migrate. They may swim south, or move into deeper and w 39 water. Insects also migrate. Insects like earthworms move downward into the soil and some as far as six feet below the surface.
Some animals remain active in winter. They must fit the changing w 40 . Many make changes in their behave or bodies. 41 (keep) warm, animals may grow new and thicker fur in autumn. Some animals begin to collect their winter food in autumn. When it’s very cold, they stay inside their homes. They can 42 (eat) the food they collect in autumn. Squirrels collect seeds and nuts. They are safe and warm in their h 43 in winter.
Some animals hibernate (冬眠) for part or all of the winter. This is a special and deep sleep. The temperature of the animals’ bodies 44 (drop) and their heartbeat and breath slow down. They use very little energy. In a 45 , these animals get ready for the winter by eating much food and storing it as body fat. They use this fat for energy while hibernating. Some also store food like nuts to eat later in winter.
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】句意:在操场上锻炼和在教室里学习一样重要。
考查形容词原级。important重要的,形容词原级;more important更重要的,比较级;the most important最重要的,最高级。根据“as...as”可知,需要形容词原级,故选A。
2.C
【详解】句意:在中国所有的河流中,长江是最长的。
考查形容词最高级。long长的;longer更长的,比较级;the longest最长的,最高级。根据“Of all the rivers in China”可知,这里对比的对象是中国所有的河流,应用最高级。故选C。
3.B
【详解】句意:——我今天下午将去接种新冠疫苗。——每个人都应该接种疫苗,否则我们将面临更大的危险。
考查比较级和形容词辨析。根据“even”是比较级修饰词可知,此处要用比较级,排除A、D项;great“极大的”;small“小的”。根据“or”表示“否则”可知,如果我们不接种疫苗,我们将面临更大的危险,因此每个人都因接种疫苗。greater符合语境。故选B。
4.B
【详解】句意:——露西,你觉得中央电视台的谈话节目怎么样?——太棒了!这是我看过的最好的节目。
考查最高级。better更好;best最好的;worse 更糟糕的;worst最糟糕的。根据“Wonderful!”和“I’ve ever watched”可知,是看过最好的节目。故选B。
5.A
【详解】句意:慢跑比许多运动更便宜,只要买一双好的跑鞋就可以。
考查形容词的比较级。cheaper更便宜的;cheap便宜的;cheapest最便宜的;the cheapest最便宜的。根据“than”可知,本句是含有比较级的句子。“便宜的”cheap,是形容词,其比较级是cheaper。故选A。
6.C
【详解】句意:这次悉尼之行是我在过去二十年中所去过的最愉快的一次。
考查形容词最高级。根据下文“I have ever taken in the last twenty years”,可知表示较大范围,空处需用最高级;enjoyable“愉快的”是多音节形容词,最高级用“the most enjoyable”,故选C。
7.B
【详解】句意:——你弟弟是多么聪明的男孩啊!——他的确是。他是我家最聪明的。
考查感叹句和形容词。clever聪明的;the cleverest最聪明的;cleverer更聪明的。感叹句的结构:What a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语;How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语;此处boy是单数可数名词,因此为what a引导的感叹句;根据“in my family”可知,此处比较范围在三者以上,因此用形容词的最高级。故选B。
8.D
【详解】句意:众所周知,长城是世界上最伟大的人造奇迹之一。
考查形容词最高级。根据“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”可知,此空需要形容词最高级,且最高级前面需要加上the。故选D。
9.D
【详解】句意:扑灭森林火灾被认为是当今世界最困难的问题之一。“one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定搭配,意为“……中最……之一”,符合句意,故选D。
10.D
【详解】句意:Tony吃得多,从不锻炼。他成为班上最重的。
考查形容词辨析及形容词最高级的用法。thinner较瘦的;thinnest最瘦的;heavier较重的;heaviest最重的。根据“Tony eats a lot and never takes exercise. He becomes the...in his class.”可知,此处表示Tony是班里最重的,应用形容词最高级表示。故选D。
11.B
【详解】句意:温蒂比班上任何其他学生都用功。
考查副词比较级。根据“than”可知,此处应使用比较级,故选B。
12.B
【详解】句意:——谁更擅长说,是珍妮还是斯宾塞?——我认为是珍妮。但是她在写作方面稍微差一点。
考查副词比较级以及修饰比较级的副词。根据“Jenny, I think.But she does ... in writing”可知说话者认为珍妮较擅长说,而后面的but“但是”表示后面要说的是珍妮不足的地方,所以应填bad“差的,坏的”,问和答都是珍妮和斯宾塞作比较,所以应用比较级,a little“一点”修饰比较级。故选B。
13.C
【详解】句意:信用卡比以前少用了。我们现在通常用智能手机支付。
考查比较级。little少,修饰不可数名词;fewer更少,修饰复数名词;less更少,little的比较级,修饰不可数名词或作副词修饰动词;more更多,many和much的比较级,修饰复数或不可数名词。根据“Credit cards (信用卡) is used … than before”可知,信用卡的使用频率比以前更少了,此处应用副词比较级less,修饰动词used,表示“较少、更少”,故选C。
14.B
【详解】句意:5G手机下载视频的速度比4G手机快得多。
考查副词比较级。fast副词,快地;根据 “than the one with 4G.”可知, download是动词,这里用副词修饰动词,fast的比较级是faster;much修饰比较级,much faster快地多。故选B。
15.B
【详解】句意:——你为什么这么心烦,乔?——我不能相信我在第二次模拟考试中做得这么差,甚至比第一次还糟糕。
考查副词比较级。badly坏地;worse更糟糕;worst最糟糕;the worst最糟糕;根据than可知用比较级;故选B。
16.B
【详解】句意:露西这学期想提高她的英语,所以她比以前更加努力。
考查副词比较级。hard努力地;harder更努力地;hardest最努力地;the hardest最努力地。根据句中“than before”可知,此处使用hard比较级harder,表示“比以前更加努力”。故选B。
17.C
【详解】句意:地铁使人们出门比以前更方便了。
考查副词的比较等级。convenient形容词,方便的;conveniently副词,方便地;more conveniently是conveniently的比较级,更方便的;most conveniently是conveniently的最高级,最方便地。go out是动词短语,需用副词修饰;再根据题干中的than可知用比较级,故答案选C。
18.B
【详解】句意:虽然我去年读了这本小说,但我决定再仔细读一遍,以便更好地理解。
本文考查副词。less carefully更不细心,比较级;more carefully更细心,更认真,比较级;the least carefully最不认真,最高级;the most carefully最认真,最高级;根据to get a better understanding.可知是更认真,更仔细的读,故选B。
19.C
【详解】句意:这个球队周六的表现比周二好。
考查副词比较级。good形容词,好的;well副词,好地;better更好的,更好地;best最好的,最好地。句中play是动词,且句中有than,所以此处使用副词well的比较级better。故选C。
20.C
【详解】句意:Jim 在我们班跳的最高,我相信他会赢得跳高比赛。
考查副词最高级。high高的;higher更高;highest最高;highly高度地。根据in our class“在我们班”,可知三者或三者以上应用最高级,此处是副词的最高级,故选C。
21.B 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.C 30.D 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了在作者的成长中,父亲的鲜花一直陪伴着自己,这给作者带来很大的安慰,使作者感觉到父爱一直陪伴着她成长,后来父亲过世,作者用鲜花覆盖其棺材,充满了作者对父亲的无限思念,现在作者有了自己的家庭,孩子的鲜花让作者同样感动。
21.句意:我已经上了六个月的踢踏舞课,学校正在举行年度表演。
speech演讲;performance表演;survey调查;report报告。根据下文“ it was...the performance along with the lead dancers and to find my arms full of red roses.”可知,学校举行表演活动。故选B。
22.句意:在表演结束时,我的名字和领舞者的名字被一起喊出并且手捧红色的玫瑰,这是令人吃惊的。
surprise吃惊;symbol标志;record记录;progress进步。根据上文“As a member of the beginners’ chorus line (歌舞团)”可知,当我的名字和领舞者的名字被喊出且手捧鲜花时,作者是感到吃惊的。故选A。
23.句意:我仍然能感觉到自己站在舞台上。
bench替补队员席,长椅;floor地板;stage舞台;seat座位。根据上文“ it was a ...full of red roses.”可知,作者是站在舞台上。故选C。
24.句意:看着我的父亲在观众人群中,他大声欢呼。
carefully仔细地;quietly安静地;quickly快速地;loudly大声地。根据上文“seeing my father at the audience, he cheered...”可知,我的表演很成功,父亲是大声为我欢呼。故选D。
25.句意:各种庆祝节日——生日,获奖,毕业这些场合都被父亲的鲜花做了标记。
acted扮演;marked标记;covered覆盖;played玩。根据“with Dad’s flowers.”可知,各种场合都有着父亲鲜花的标记。故选B。
26.句意:父亲的鲜花代表着他的自豪和我的成功。
pride自豪;sadness悲伤;mind思想;warmth温暖。根据“my success”可知,父亲为我的成功而自豪。故选A。
27.句意:当我大学毕业了,我得到了一份新的工作并且结婚了。
moved搬离;graduated毕业;worked工作;found找到。根据“I got a new job and got married.”可知,作者是毕业了。故选B。
28.句意:我的父亲逐渐变得虚弱了。
busy忙碌的;unhappy不高兴的;weak虚弱的;careful小心的。根据下文“he died of a heart disease a few days before his 70th birthday.”可知,父亲的身体变得虚弱。故选C。
29.句意:但是他继续给我送花,直到在他70岁生日的前几天死于心脏病。
after在……后;while当……时;until直到;since自从。根据“but his gifts of flowers continued...he died of a heart disease ”可知他继续送花,直到他去世。故选C。
30.句意:我用能够找到的最大最红的玫瑰花覆盖了他的棺材。
of……的;on在……上;in在……里;with用。根据“the largest reddest roses”可知是用最大最红的玫瑰花。故选D。
31.句意:我强烈地期望出去买一大束鲜花来填满客厅。
strongly强烈地;suddenly突然地;clearly清晰地;certainly确定地。根据“expected to go out and buy a big bunch (花束) to fill the living room”可知,作者强烈地期望出去买花。故选A。
32.句意:但是我从来没有那样做。
so所以;and和;but但是;or或者。根据“I have ... expected to go out and buy a big bunch (花束) to fill the living room”和“I never did”可知,此处表转折关系。故选C。
33.句意:我感到很沮丧因为我独自一人在家。
nervous紧张的;glad高兴的;lucky幸运的;upset沮丧的。根据“because I was alone at home”可知独自一人在家感到沮丧。故选D。
34.句意:“好吧,我希望你会喜欢花,妈妈。”
cards卡片;flowers花;cakes蛋糕;clothes衣服。根据下文“He pulled a bunch of daisies (雏菊) from behind his back.”可知,他拿出一束花希望作者会喜欢。故选B。
35.句意:我哭了,紧紧地拥抱他。
doubted怀疑;cried哭;looked看;shouted大喊。根据“hugging him hard”可知,作者被儿子感动得哭了。故选B。
36.different 37.(p)laces 38.dangerous 39.(w)armer 40.(w)eather 41.To keep 42.eat 43.(h)omes 44.drops 45.(a)uturnn
【导语】本文主要讲述了不同的动物在寒冷的冬天里是怎样用不同的办法过冬的。
36.句意:它们会做许多不同的令人惊奇的事情来度过冬天。此空修饰名词things,要用形容词作定语,difference是名词,对应的形容词是different“不同的”,故填different。
37.句意:这意味着它们会去其他天气更暖和或能找到食物的地方。根据“where the weather is warmer or where they can find food”可知,去天气更暖和或能找到食物的地方,place“地方”,other修饰名词的复数形式,故填(p)laces。
38.句意:因为旅行可能会很危险,有些人会结伴旅行。be后接形容词,danger是名词,dangerous是形容词,表示“危险的”,故填dangerous。
39.句意:它们可能向南游,或游到更深、更温暖的水域。根据“They may swim south”技术后字母可知,向南游到更暖和的水域,warm“暖和的”,根据“deeper”可知,此空应填比较级,故填(w)armer。
40.句意:它们必须适应变化的天气。根据“Some animals remain active in winter”以及“They must fit the changing”可知,在冬天要适应变化的天气,weather“天气”,故填(w)eather。
41.句意:为了保暖,动物们会在秋天长出新的更厚的皮毛。根据“warm, animals may grow new and thicker fur in autumn”可知,长出新的更厚的皮毛是为了保暖,动词不定式作目的状语,故填To keep。
42.句意:它们可以吃秋天收集的食物。can后接动词原形,故填eat。
43.句意:冬天,它们在家里既安全又温暖。根据“When it’s very cold, they stay inside their homes”及首字母可知,待在自己的家里,home“家”,their是名词的复数形式,故填(h)omes。
44.句意:动物的体温下降,心跳和呼吸变慢。根据“breath”可知,句子是一般现在时,主语the temperature of是单数形式,动词用三单形式,故填drops。
45.句意:在秋天,这些动物通过吃很多食物并储存为身体脂肪来为冬天做准备。根据“these animals get ready for the winter by eating much food and storing it as body fat”及首字母可知,这是动物们在秋天做的事情,autumn“秋天”,故填(a)uturnn。
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