2023届重庆市万州第二高级中学高三下学期第二次诊断测试英语试题+Word版含解析

  万州二中2023年高三下期第二次诊断测试

英语试题

考生须知：

1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;

3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;

4.全卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. £19.15.                        B. £9.18.                   C. £9.15.

答案是C。

1. What does the man mean?

A. A cold drink can be relaxing.

B. Scott and Tina like to play jocks on each other.

C. Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations

2. What does the man think of the party?

A. He doesn’t like the part

B. He hates to prepare for the party.

C. It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.

3. What are the speakers mainly discussing?

A. How customers could be best served.

B. What kind of stores can offer lower prices.

C. Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.

4. How might the woman feel?

A. Uneasy. B. Disappointed. C. Unconcerned.

5. Where does the man most likely live?

A. In Canada. B. In New York. C. In California.

第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6. What did the man do last Saturday?

A. He played baseball. B. He went on a trip C. He watched a game on TV.

7. What was the weather like in Chicago last Saturday?

A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8. Where will the speakers go first?

A. To Italy. B. To Austria. C. To France.

9. How will the speakers travel most of the time?

A. By ship. B. By car. C. By train.

10. How long will the speakers’ holiday probably last?

A. Three weeks. B. Four weeks. C. Six weeks.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

11. What is the woman complaining about?

A. People being too loud.

B. People flooding to the beach.

C. People taking pictures with iPads.

12. What does the man say about iPhones?

A. They have great cameras.

B. They output worse videos than ipads.

C. They should be used to make Hollywood movies.

13 What does the man suggest the woman do?

A. Turn off her phone. B. Tell the tourists to stop. C. Get pleasure on the beach.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14. Why does the man’s brother go to the man’s place?

A. To study. B. To work. C. To travel.

15. Where does the man work in the morning?

A. At a university. B. At a restaurant. C. At a bookstore.

16. What language is the woman starting?

A. French. B. Spanish. C. Japanese.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

17. What damage have the dirt and rocks done?

A. They have buried houses.      B. They have covered up cars.   C. They have knocked over people.

18. When should the storm get calmer?

A. By Friday afternoon.          B. By Saturday evening.       C. By Sunday evening.

19. How should people report a tip?

A. By going to the police station.

B. By telling the weather reporter.

C. By calling a special phone number.

20. Who is searching for lost people?

A. The government. B. Their neighbors. C. The news reporters.

第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

With thrill-seeking spots from north to south, there are various of theme parks in California for every taste and style. Different parks offer unique experiences and I’m here to help you decide which is best for you! Here are the top 3 California theme parks that shouldn’t be missed.

Universal Studios Hollywood

Cinema lovers delight as they visit Universal Studios Hollywood. Experience the movie magic and behind-the-scenes Hollywood studio tours at this Southern California theme park. This is one of the best theme parks in California that doesn’t break the bank. There are always discounts available online and with a good search, you may end up paying next to nothing for a trip to Universal Studios with the whole family.

Knott’s Berry Farm

Knott’s Berry Farm is one of the most popular theme parks in California and it is also known as “America’s first theme park, “ for it is over 100 years old. Its wild west theme is seen throughout the park with cowboy characters striding (阔步)along in the western-themed live entertainment. After you go on roller coasters, check out Mrs. Knott’s Chicken Dinner Restaurant. Some guests visit the theme park for that restaurant alone. Work up your appetite from walking around the park all day for a delicious chicken dinner.

Legoland California

Legoland California is a children＇s paradise (乐园). Kids are excited when they see their favorite toys come to life at a whole amusement park. There are also kid-themed shows for children to watch throughout the park so your children never grow bored. Don’t forget to try all the delicious food around Legoland like fried apples.

1. Who will make Universal Studios Hollywood their first choice?

A. Lego lovers. B. Movie lovers.

C. Thrill seekers. D. Bargain traders.

2. What is available in “America’s first theme park”?

A. Fish. B. Beef. C. Mutton. D. Chicken.

3. Why is Legoland California children’s paradise?

A. They can eat the delicious food free of charge.

B. They can play a part in the kid-themed shows.

C They can experience their favorite toys vividly.

D. They can make fried apples when feeling bored.

B

Engineers from the University at Buffalo, Fudan University in China, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have come together with funding from the National Science Foundation to produce an efficient and cost-effective device that purifies drinking water using the world’s most abundant power source-the sun.

More than 2, 300 years ago, the philosopher Aristotle described the water cycle. He has explained that water is heated by the sun, evaporates (蒸发) up into the air, condenses (凝结) into drops, and then falls back to the ground, pure and free of pollutants.

Professor Qiaoqiang Gan and the other engineers created a method of purifying water that builds upon Aristotle’s ancient observations. Gan’s team invented a solar water purifier that is a modern version of an evaporative solar still. This device looks like the roof of a tent, with strips of carbon-coated paper covering the top so that the paper strip hangs down on the sides. The ends of the paper strip dip into a water container at the bottom. Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. During evaporation, salt, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants are trapped in the paper. As the temperature cools, water droplets begin to condense on the surface of the paper. The purified water is collected in a clean container and is ready to drink.

There are a few key advantages of the solar water purifier. First, the device is quick and efficient. The solar still can generate up to 5 gallons of clean water daily, which is enough to provide sufficient drinking water for a family. Furthermore, this solar water purifier is cheaper than other water-purification devices because it is made with inexpensive and widely available materials.

There are also disadvantages in terms of the adaptation to diverse environments on Earth and the building up of salt in the process. Currently, the engineers are working to make their purifier available worldwide. Soon, drinkable water will be purified and accessible where it is needed.

4. Why does the author mention Aristotle and the water cycle in the text?

A. To catch readers’ attention and interest.

B. To add more authority to the new invention.

C. To show the history of the solar water purifier.

D. To help illustrate the basic working principles of the invention

5. What is the main function of the carbon-coated paper?

A. To cover the top. B. To collect clean water.

C. To hang down on the sides. D. To absorb water and heat from the sun.

6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. What the researchers have done.

B. How the solar water purifier works.

C. What the solar water purifier can do.

D. How similar Aristotle’s observation is to the purifier.

7. What might the author think of the future of the solar water purifier?

A. Dark. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Unpredictable.

C

Machine learning sees reasoning as a categorization task with a fixed set of predetermined labels. It views the world as a fixed space of possibilities, calculating and weighing them all. This approach, of course, has achieved notable successes when applied to stable and well-defined situations such as chess or computer games. When such conditions are absent, however, machines struggle.

In 2008, Google launched Flu Trends, a web service that aimed to predict flu-related doctor visits using big data. The project, however, failed to predict the 2009 HINI flu outbreak. After several unsuccessful adjustments to its algorithm (算法), Google finally stopped the project in2015.

In such unstable situations, the human brain behaves differently. Sometimes, it simply forgets. Instead of getting trapped in irrelevant data, it relies only on the most recent information and makes creative decisions. This is a feature called intelligent forgetting. Adopting this approach, an algorithm that relies on a single data point would have reduced Google Flu Trends' prediction error by half.

Intelligent forgetting is just one dimension of psychological AI, an approach to machine intelligence that also includes other features of human intelligence such as causal reasoning, intuitive (直觉) psychology, and physics. Soon, this approach to Al will finally be recognized as fundamental for solving poorly-defined problems. Exploring these amazing features of the human brain will finally allow us to make machine learning smart.

One feature of psychological Al is that it is explainable. Until recently, researchers assumed that the more transparent an AI system was, the less accurate its predictions were. This mirrored the widespread but incorrect belief that complex problems always need complex solutions. Now, this idea will be laid to rest. As the case of flu predictions illustrates, powerful and simple psychological algorithms can often give more accurate predictions than complex algorithms. Psychological AI opens up a new vision for explainable AI: Instead of trying to explain complex systems, we can check first if psychological Al offers a simple and equally accurate solution.

Without the help of human psychology, it will become clearer that the application of this type of machine learning to unstable situations eventually runs up against impassable limitations. We will finally recognize that more computing power makes machines faster. Not smarter.

8. Why is Flu Trends mentioned?

A. To clarify a concept. B. To tell the serious outbreak.

C. To support the author's idea. D. To provide readers with the truth.

9. What is the advantage of human brain according to the passage?

A. It can think outside the box. B. It can avoid unclear problems.

C It is capable of learning over time. D. It is good at following instructions.

10. Which has the similar meaning with the underlined word “transparent” in paragraph 5?

A. Similar. B. Unique. C. Complete. D. Clear.

11. What does the author intend to tell us?

A. AI speeds up the computing greatly.

B. Psychological Al can make smarter AI.

C. AI system works well in stable situations.

D. AI will outperform the human brain someday.

D

Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.

While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram.

Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.

While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?

While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.

Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.

Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.

12. The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________.

A. are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps

B. address the Instagram - induced mental pain

C. are only based on the data released by Facebook

D. are not directed at the fundamental problem

13. Netflix is mentioned to __________.

A. compare the criticisms against it and Facebook

B. defend why Facebook is to blame

C. suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point

D. show Netflix does more harm to teens

14. The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________.

A. it is human nature to get addicted to social media

B. users decide on their experiences on social media

C. people have a tendency to feel insecure online

D. people are keen on fabricating their self - profile

15. What is the passage mainly about?

A. the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook

B. the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide

C. the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains

D. the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers

第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, “There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time.” In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future. ____16____

Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs. ____17____ I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.

Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject. ____18____ By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.

Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle. ____19____ As a saying goes, “Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.” The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.

Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs. ____20____ But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.

A. You can make yourself more attractive.

B. Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.

C. Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.

D. This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.

E. You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.

F. This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.

G. However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work.

第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, ___21___mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore ___22___ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to ___23___the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the first language) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, ___24___, on account of their low frequency, they do not ___25___often enough in the L2 learning material.

Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction (演绎) is also not a ___26___for a number of reasons. There appears to be no ___27___to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be ___28___in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual (双语的) word lists seems an ___29___shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, ____30____, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.

Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic ____31____ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say,  selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to ____32____a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CAVOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its ____33____ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To ____34____its frequency, the programme was ____35____ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.

21. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires

22. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary

23. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean

24. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless

25. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear

26. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder

27. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative

28. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred

29. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident

30. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however

31. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target

32. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force

33. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents

34. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave

35. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved

第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Stop Asian Hate

During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, New York City saw a sharp increase in harassment and violence against Asian people and communities, especially Asian elders. Discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, age, and disability, including having or ____36____ (perceive) to be exposed to COVID-19, is illegal under the Human Rights Law.____37____the start of the pandemic, there has been a significant, troubling increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and bias incidents. These have been verbal attacks, physical and even things like the tragic shooting of eight Asian-American spa technicians in Atlanta, Georgia. Beginning in February of 2020, we received a sevenfold increase in reports of anti-Asian harassment, discrimination, and violence. It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported ____38____these numbers reflect just a fraction.

We all want to live in a world that is free from prejudice and____39____everyone has the right to be proud of who they are. Unfortunately, this is a pretty tough ask. We’ve joined forces with other establishments to bring you some resources of the movement of Stop Asian Hate, ____40____the aim is to an end to the rising tide of racism against east and south east asian (ESEA) people.

Since the pandemic, something has been made nasty in the media by comments from Donald Trump calling it “the China virus”, and ESEA people all over the world have found that their lives have been turned upside down. In the wake of the tragic deaths in the US and several studies ____41____(reveal) the real increase of racism against this minority, the Stop Asian Hate movement started a conversation about what is going on. You can find out all about it on this website, and get resources and support to help you if you are dealing with the impacts ____42____racism.

Working towards a world where no racism exists is always important to us, and will always be something ____43____need to strive towards. The thing is, a lot of conversations around racism fail to distinguish between the multiple groups of people who are affected, and the issues ____44____ (face) by ESEA people will be completely different to other people of colour.

____45____the growth of attacks and hate crimes still on the rise, we want to give you the tools to be able to understand the value and necessity of our voice, and how to stand up and fight back.

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

46. 假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他已被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺，并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括：

1.向Jacob表本祝贺；

2.谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑；

3.向对方征求意见和建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节(满分25分)

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Our car ran over the sand and rocks, leaving a cloud of dust. It was a beautiful spring day. The sun was bright and the sky was clear—perfect conditions for off-roading(越野). Back then, in 1984, my wife Sue and I were living in southeastern California.  The views were wonderful, but with dangers. The temperatures could rise above 50℃, and it was no place for tourists to go off-roading without enough preparation.

Sue and I always took a bag with us, packed with snacks, water, and a first aid kit. We also had a car specially changed for driving in the desert. With it, we could go anywhere a jeep could go.

That day we drove about 20 miles into the park. Around midday,we stopped to have a rest. As usual, we could see the desert before us. When the spirit of adventure moved us, we went back into the car. But when I turned the key nothing happened. I tried again and again. Nothing happened. I could see Sue was thinking the same thing—the engine wouldn’t start.

Our car had one strange problem. About once a year, it would refuse to start. If left overnight, the engine would run just fine the next morning. But no one could find anything wrong with our car. Because it happened so rarely, we’d just learned to live with it. But it had never happened suddenly.

“What should we do?” I felt a little anxious. I hadn’t seen a person on our drive out here, and we had no way to call for help.“We could walk back to town,”Sue said. Eager not to waste any more daylight,we quickly packed our things. We were about to set off when Sue called my name.“Look!” she cried. Sure enough, there was something, getting closer.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

It wasn’t long before I could make out what it was—a jeep!

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

He checked the engine and said, “I know what’s wrong.”

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