重庆市万州第二高级中学2023届高三英语下学期第二次诊断试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份重庆市万州第二高级中学2023届高三英语下学期第二次诊断试题（Word版附解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

万州二中2023年高三下期第二次诊断测试
英语试题
考生须知：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;
4.全卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What does the man mean?
A. A cold drink can be relaxing.
B. Scott and Tina like to play jocks on each other.
C. Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations
2. What does the man think of the party?
A. He doesn’t like the part
B He hates to prepare for the party.
C. It is worthwhile to prepare for the party.
3. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. How customers could be best served.
B. What kind of stores can offer lower prices.
C. Whether online stores will replace high-street stores.
4. How might the woman feel?
A. Uneasy. B. Disappointed. C. Unconcerned.
5. Where does the man most likely live?
A. In Canada. B. In New York. C. In California.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What did the man do last Saturday?
A. He played baseball. B. He went on a trip C. He watched a game on TV.
7. What was the weather like in Chicago last Saturday?
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Where will the speakers go first?
A. To Italy. B. To Austria. C. To France.
9. How will the speakers travel most of the time?
A. By ship. B. By car. C. By train.
10. How long will the speakers’ holiday probably last?
A. Three weeks. B. Four weeks. C. Six weeks.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. What is the woman complaining about?
A. People being too loud.
B. People flooding to the beach.
C. People taking pictures with iPads.
12. What does the man say about iPhones?
A. They have great cameras.
B. They output worse videos than ipads.
C. They should be used to make Hollywood movies.
13. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Turn off her phone. B. Tell the tourists to stop. C. Get pleasure on the beach.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. Why does the man’s brother go to the man’s place?
A. To study. B. To work. C. To travel.
15. Where does the man work in the morning?
A. At a university. B. At a restaurant. C. At a bookstore.
16. What language is the woman starting?
A. French. B. Spanish. C. Japanese.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What damage have the dirt and rocks done?
A. They have buried houses. B. They have covered up cars. C. They have knocked over people.
18. When should the storm get calmer?
A. By Friday afternoon. B. By Saturday evening. C. By Sunday evening.
19. How should people report a tip?
A. By going to the police station.
B. By telling the weather reporter.
C. By calling a special phone number.
20. Who is searching for lost people?
A. The government. B. Their neighbors. C. The news reporters.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With thrill-seeking spots from north to south, there are various of theme parks in California for every taste and style. Different parks offer unique experiences and I’m here to help you decide which is best for you! Here are the top 3 California theme parks that shouldn’t be missed.
Universal Studios Hollywood
Cinema lovers delight as they visit Universal Studios Hollywood. Experience the movie magic and behind-the-scenes Hollywood studio tours at this Southern California theme park. This is one of the best theme parks in California that doesn’t break the bank. There are always discounts available online and with a good search, you may end up paying next to nothing for a trip to Universal Studios with the whole family.
Knott’s Berry Farm
Knott’s Berry Farm is one of the most popular theme parks in California and it is also known as “America’s first theme park, “ for it is over 100 years old. Its wild west theme is seen throughout the park with cowboy characters striding (阔步)along in the western-themed live entertainment. After you go on roller coasters, check out Mrs. Knott’s Chicken Dinner Restaurant. Some guests visit the theme park for that restaurant alone. Work up your appetite from walking around the park all day for a delicious chicken dinner.
Legoland California
Legoland California is a children＇s paradise (乐园). Kids are excited when they see their favorite toys come to life at a whole amusement park. There are also kid-themed shows for children to watch throughout the park so your children never grow bored. Don’t forget to try all the delicious food around Legoland like fried apples.
1. Who will make Universal Studios Hollywood their first choice?
A. Lego lovers. B. Movie lovers.
C. Thrill seekers. D. Bargain traders.
2. What is available in “America’s first theme park”?
A. Fish. B. Beef. C. Mutton. D. Chicken.
3. Why is Legoland California children’s paradise?
A. They can eat the delicious food free of charge.
B. They can play a part in the kid-themed shows.
C. They can experience their favorite toys vividly.
D. They can make fried apples when feeling bored.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了加州三大不容错过的主题公园的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Universal Studios Hollywood中的“Cinema lovers delight as they visit Universal Studios Hollywood.”（电影爱好者在参观好莱坞环球影城时欣喜若狂）可知，好莱坞环球影城会成为电影爱好者的首选。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Knott’s Berry Farm中的“Knott’s Berry Farm is one of the most popular theme parks in California and it is also known as “America’s first theme park, “ for it is over 100 years old. (诺特的浆果农场是加州最受欢迎的主题公园之一，它也被称为“美国第一个主题公园”，因为它有100多年的历史。)”和“Work up your appetite from walking around the park all day for a delicious chicken dinner.”（为了一顿美味的鸡肉晚餐，你可以在公园里散步一整天来增加你的食欲。）可知，在“美国第一个主题公园”可以吃到鸡肉。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Legoland California中的“Kids are excited when they see their favorite toys come to life at a whole amusement park.”（当孩子们看到他们最喜欢的玩具在整个游乐园里栩栩如生时，他们都很兴奋）可知，为什么乐高乐园是加州的儿童乐园是因为他们可以生动地体验他们最喜欢的玩具。故选C项。
B
Engineers from the University at Buffalo, Fudan University in China, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison have come together with funding from the National Science Foundation to produce an efficient and cost-effective device that purifies drinking water using the world’s most abundant power source-the sun.
More than 2, 300 years ago, the philosopher Aristotle described the water cycle. He has explained that water is heated by the sun, evaporates (蒸发) up into the air, condenses (凝结) into drops, and then falls back to the ground, pure and free of pollutants.
Professor Qiaoqiang Gan and the other engineers created a method of purifying water that builds upon Aristotle’s ancient observations. Gan’s team invented a solar water purifier that is a modern version of an evaporative solar still. This device looks like the roof of a tent, with strips of carbon-coated paper covering the top so that the paper strip hangs down on the sides. The ends of the paper strip dip into a water container at the bottom. Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. During evaporation, salt, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants are trapped in the paper. As the temperature cools, water droplets begin to condense on the surface of the paper. The purified water is collected in a clean container and is ready to drink.
There are a few key advantages of the solar water purifier. First, the device is quick and efficient. The solar still can generate up to 5 gallons of clean water daily, which is enough to provide sufficient drinking water for a family. Furthermore, this solar water purifier is cheaper than other water-purification devices because it is made with inexpensive and widely available materials.
There are also disadvantages in terms of the adaptation to diverse environments on Earth and the building up of salt in the process. Currently, the engineers are working to make their purifier available worldwide. Soon, drinkable water will be purified and accessible where it is needed.
4. Why does the author mention Aristotle and the water cycle in the text?
A. To catch readers’ attention and interest.
B. To add more authority to the new invention.
C. To show the history of the solar water purifier.
D. To help illustrate the basic working principles of the invention
5. What is the main function of the carbon-coated paper?
A. To cover the top. B. To collect clean water.
C. To hang down on the sides. D. To absorb water and heat from the sun.
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. What the researchers have done.
B. How the solar water purifier works.
C. What the solar water purifier can do.
D. How similar Aristotle’s observation is to the purifier.
7. What might the author think of the future of the solar water purifier?
A. Dark. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Unpredictable.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇科技说明文。介绍了来自布法罗大学、中国复旦大学和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的工程师们，在国家科学基金会的资助下，共同研发出一种经济高效的太阳净化饮用水设备及设备的工作原理和优缺点。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“More than 2, 300 years ago, the philosopher Aristotle described the water cycle. He has explained that water is heated by the sun, evaporates (蒸发) up into the air, condenses (凝结) into drops, and then falls back to the ground, pure and free of pollutants. (2,300多年前，哲学家亚里士多德描述了水循环。他解释说，水被太阳加热，蒸发到空气中，凝结成水滴，然后落回地面，纯净无污染物。)”可知，提到亚里士多德是为介绍太阳能净水设备的基本工作原理。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. (逐渐地，容器中的水被纸张吸收。当纸张上的黑碳涂层被太阳加热时，湿纸开始干燥。)”可知碳涂层纸的主要功能是吸水和吸收太阳的热量。故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The ends of the paper strip dip into a water container at the bottom. Gradually, the water in the container is absorbed by the paper. When the black carbon coating on the paper is heated by the sun, the wet paper begins to dry. During evaporation, salt, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants are trapped in the paper. As the temperature cools, water droplets begin to condense on the surface of the paper. (纸条的末端浸入底部的水容器中。逐渐地，容器中的水被纸张吸收。当纸张上的黑碳涂层被太阳加热时，湿纸开始干燥。在蒸发过程中，盐、污垢、细菌和其他污染物被困在纸张中。随着温度的降低，水滴开始凝结在纸张表面。)”可知，本段重要讲述了新发明的净水器是怎么工作的，故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题根据最后一段内容“Currently, the engineers are working to make their purifier available worldwide. Soon, drinkable water will be purified and accessible where it is needed.”可知，作者对净水器即将全世界推广充满希望和信心。故选C项。
C
Machine learning sees reasoning as a categorization task with a fixed set of predetermined labels. It views the world as a fixed space of possibilities, calculating and weighing them all. This approach, of course, has achieved notable successes when applied to stable and well-defined situations such as chess or computer games. When such conditions are absent, however, machines struggle.
In 2008, Google launched Flu Trends, a web service that aimed to predict flu-related doctor visits using big data. The project, however, failed to predict the 2009 HINI flu outbreak. After several unsuccessful adjustments to its algorithm (算法), Google finally stopped the project in2015.
In such unstable situations, the human brain behaves differently. Sometimes, it simply forgets. Instead of getting trapped in irrelevant data, it relies only on the most recent information and makes creative decisions. This is a feature called intelligent forgetting. Adopting this approach, an algorithm that relies on a single data point would have reduced Google Flu Trends' prediction error by half.
Intelligent forgetting is just one dimension of psychological AI, an approach to machine intelligence that also includes other features of human intelligence such as causal reasoning, intuitive (直觉) psychology, and physics. Soon, this approach to Al will finally be recognized as fundamental for solving poorly-defined problems. Exploring these amazing features of the human brain will finally allow us to make machine learning smart.
One feature of psychological Al is that it is explainable. Until recently, researchers assumed that the more transparent an AI system was, the less accurate its predictions were. This mirrored the widespread but incorrect belief that complex problems always need complex solutions. Now, this idea will be laid to rest. As the case of flu predictions illustrates, powerful and simple psychological algorithms can often give more accurate predictions than complex algorithms. Psychological AI opens up a new vision for explainable AI: Instead of trying to explain complex systems, we can check first if psychological Al offers a simple and equally accurate solution.
Without the help of human psychology, it will become clearer that the application of this type of machine learning to unstable situations eventually runs up against impassable limitations. We will finally recognize that more computing power makes machines faster. Not smarter.
8. Why is Flu Trends mentioned?
A. To clarify a concept. B. To tell the serious outbreak.
C. To support the author's idea. D. To provide readers with the truth.
9. What is the advantage of human brain according to the passage?
A. It can think outside the box. B. It can avoid unclear problems.
C. It is capable of learning over time. D. It is good at following instructions.
10. Which has the similar meaning with the underlined word “transparent” in paragraph 5?
A. Similar. B. Unique. C. Complete. D. Clear.
11. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. AI speeds up the computing greatly.
B. Psychological Al can make smarter AI.
C. AI system works well in stable situations.
D. AI will outperform the human brain someday.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This approach, of course, has achieved notable successes when applied to stable and well-defined situations such as chess or computer games. When such conditions are absent, however, machines struggle.”（当然，这种方法在应用于国际象棋或电脑游戏等稳定且定义明确的情况时取得了显著的成功。然而，当没有这样的条件时，机器就会显得很吃力。）根据第二段“In 2008, Google launched Flu Trends, a web service that aimed to predict flu-related doctor visits using big data. The project, however, failed to predict the 2009 HINI flu outbreak. After several unsuccessful adjustments to its algorithm (算法), Google finally stopped the project in2015.”（2008年，谷歌推出了流感趋势，这是一项旨在利用大数据预测流感相关医生就诊情况的网络服务。然而，该项目未能预测2009年中国流感的爆发。在对算法进行了几次失败的调整后，谷歌终于在2015年停止了该项目）可知，提到流感趋势是为了支持作者的观点。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In such unstable situations, the human brain behaves differently. Sometimes, it simply forgets. Instead of getting trapped in irrelevant data, it relies only on the most recent information and makes creative decisions.”（在这种不稳定的情况下，人类的大脑会有不同的表现。有时候，它只是忘记了。它不会被无关的数据所困，而是只依赖于最新的信息，并做出创造性的决定。）可知，人脑的优势是它可以跳出框框思维。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“This mirrored the widespread but incorrect belief that complex problems always need complex solutions.”（这反映了一种普遍但不正确的观点，即复杂的问题总是需要复杂的解决方案）可知，直到最近，研究人员还认为人工智能系统越清晰，其预测就越不准确。故划线词的意思是“清晰的”。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第四段“Exploring these amazing features of the human brain will finally allow us to make machine learning smart.”（探索人类大脑的这些惊人特征将最终使我们能够使机器学习变得智能。）根据最后一段“Without the help of human psychology, it will become clearer that the application of this type of machine learning to unstable situations eventually runs up against impassable limitations.”（如果没有人类心理学的帮助，将越来越清楚的是，将这种类型的机器学习应用于不稳定的情况最终会遇到不可逾越的限制）可知，作者想告诉我们心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。故选B。
D
Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.
While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram.
Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?
While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.
Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.
12 The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________.
A. are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps
B. address the Instagram - induced mental pain
C. are only based on the data released by Facebook
D. are not directed at the fundamental problem
13. Netflix is mentioned to __________.
A. compare the criticisms against it and Facebook
B. defend why Facebook is to blame
C. suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point
D. show Netflix does more harm to teens
14. The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________.
A. it is human nature to get addicted to social media
B. users decide on their experiences on social media
C. people have a tendency to feel insecure online
D. people are keen on fabricating their self - profile
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook
B. the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide
C. the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains
D. the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责Facebook搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”及第四段内容可知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebook辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have you ever binge - watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?(你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗？我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害)”可知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self - sabotage— as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经像许多青少年一样容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的伤害，你会发现账户让你着迷。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem.(实际上，这不是Instagram的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self - esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use.Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, “There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time.” In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future. ____16____
Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs. ____17____ I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.
Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject. ____18____ By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.
Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle. ____19____ As a saying goes, “Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.” The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.
Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs. ____20____ But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.
A. You can make yourself more attractive.
B. Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.
C. Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.
D. This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.
E. You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.
F. This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.
G. However this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work.
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了职业生涯规划的影响技巧。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school.(可转让收益知识始于你在学校做出的选择)”推知，上文提到了“transferable (可转移的) knowledge”。B项“ Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues. (获得可转移的专业知识，并与同事建立密切联系)”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.(你希望你的教育能为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，从而在各种各样的工作中取得成功)”可知，想要教育为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，就意味着对将要学习的专业课程做出明智的选择。F项“This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow. (这意味着你需要对你将要学习的课程做出明智的选择)”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject.(比方说，你做了一份飞机租赁的工作。几年内，你就可以成为这方面的世界专家)”以及下文“By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.( 相比之下，如果你从事的工作能够提高你的计算机编程技能，你可以极大地提高你职业生涯中后续步骤的选择。)”推知，空处与上文形成转折关系，指出这种领域的工作技能可能在其他行业帮不上忙。选项G“ However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work. (然而，这种狭隘的专业知识可能在任何其他工作领域都帮不上你)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文“As a saying goes, ‘Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.’(俗话说，‘组织不雇佣人。人们雇佣人。’)”可知，人际关系非常重要，选项C“Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships. (你的下一步应该可以帮助你拓展你的人际关系网)”符合题意，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.(当然，你可以在一定程度上建立你的人际网络，而不必换工作)”说明可以使用其他的方式来建立人际关系网，选项E “You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations. (你可以参加会议或参加贸易协会的委员会)”符合题意，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During the initial stages of instructed L2 (the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words. Functional language proficiency, however, ___21___mastery of a considerably large number of words. It is therefore ___22___ at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition to learn a large vocabulary in a short period of time. There is not enough time to ___23___the natural (largely incidental) L1 (the first language) word acquisition process. Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point, ___24___, on account of their low frequency, they do not ___25___often enough in the L2 learning material.
Acquisition of new words from authentic L2 reading texts by means of strategies such as contextual deduction (演绎) is also not a ___26___for a number of reasons. There appears to be no ___27___to intentional learning of a great many new words in a relatively short period of time. The words to be learned may be ___28___in isolation or in context. Presentation in bilingual (双语的) word lists seems an ___29___shortcut because it takes less time than contextual presentation and yields excellent short term results. Long term memory, ____30____, is often disappointing so contextual presentation seems advisable.
Any suggestions on how to use this in educational contexts should be based on a systematic ____31____ of the two most important aspects of the L2 word learning problem, this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process. This article sets out to ____32____a computer assisted word acquisition programme (CAVOCA) which tries to do exactly this: the programme operationalises current theoretical thinking about word acquisition, and its ____33____ are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group. To ____34____its frequency, the programme was ____35____ in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.
21. A. inquires B. requires C. receives D. inspires
22. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. necessary
23. A. copy B. focus C. find D. clean
24. A. however B. moreover C. because D. nevertheless
25. A. disturb B. seem C. occur D. disappear
26. A. solution B. approach C. problem D. wonder
27. A. official B. annual C. objective D. alternative
28. A. predicted B. presented C. postponed D. preferred
29. A. available B. outstanding C. attractive D. evident
30. A. by means of B. moreover C. in spite of D. however
31. A. focus B. analysis C. object D. target
32. A. describe B. grasp C. link D. force
33. A. conclusions B. appointments C. aspects D. contents
34. A. react B. establish C. memorize D. leave
35. A. enhanced B. invented C. contrasted D. behaved
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了在语言学习的中、高级阶段的单词学习法。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，功能性语言的熟练，需要掌握相当多的单词。A. inquires询问；B. requires需要；C. receives接受；D. inspires激励。根据上文“During the initial stages of instructed L2 ( the second language) acquisition students learn a couple thousand, mainly high frequency words.”可知，语言学习初始阶段要学习几千个高频词汇，结合句中“Functional language proficiency”和“a considerably large number of words”可推知，要达到功能性语言的熟练需要更多的单词。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在语言习得的中级和高级阶段，有必要在短时间内掌握大量词汇。A. difficult困难的；B. easy容易的；C. possible可能的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文可知，要达到功能性语言的熟练需要更多的单词，所以结合常识和句中“at the intermediate and advanced stages of language acquisition”可推知，在语言学习的中、高级阶段，在短时间内掌握大量词汇是必要的。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有足够的时间来复制偶然的(主要是偶然的)L1(第一语言)单词习得过程。A. copy复制；B. focus集中；C. find找到；D. clean清理。根据下文“Incidental acquisition of the words is only possible up to a point”可知，在语言学习初始阶段的“单词偶然习得”在中、高级阶段的学生中行不通了，所以无法复制这一过程。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查副词和连接词词义辨析。句意：偶然习得这些单词只在一定程度上是可能的，因为它们的频率很低，在第二语言学习材料中出现的频率不够高。A. however然而；B. moreover而且；C. because因为；D. nevertheless然而。上文说偶然习得单词只在一定程度上是可能的，下文“on account of their low frequency, they do not　　5　　often enough in the L2 learning material.”解释了原因，应用从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：偶然习得这些单词只在一定程度上是可能的，因为它们的频率很低，在第二语言学习材料中出现的频率不够高。A. disturb打扰；B. seem似乎；C. occur出现；D. disappear消失。根据句中“low frequency”可知，出现频率不够高。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过上下文推理等策略从真实的第二语言阅读文本中习得新词也不是一个解决方案，原因有很多。A. solution解决办法；B. approach靠近；C. problem问题；D. wonder惊讶。上文说到在语言学习的中、高级阶段，不能通过复制初始阶段的“单词偶然习得”法来增加词汇，结合句中“also not a”可推知，本段介绍了另一个解决这一问题的办法。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了在相对较短的时间内有意识地学习大量的新单词之外，似乎没有其他选择。A. official官员；B. annual年刊；C. objective目的；D. alternative替代物。上文分别否定了“单词偶然习得”和“上下文推理”这两种习得新词的方法，所以句中“There appears to be no...”作出总结，要在相对较短的时间学习大量新词，没有其它替代办法，只能有意识地去学习。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要学的单词可以是孤立展示的，也可以是在语境中展示的。A. predicted预测；B. presented呈现；C. postponed延期；D. preferred更喜爱。根据下文“Presentation in bilingual (双语的) word lists”和“contextual presentation”可知，这里说的是单词的两种呈现方式。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：用双语单词表呈现似乎是一种很有吸引力的捷径，因为它比上下文呈现花费的时间更少，而且短期内效果很好。A. available可用的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. evident清楚的。根据句中“it takes less time than contextual presentation”可知，“双语单词表呈现”比“上下文呈现”花的时间少，所以似乎更有吸引力。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语和副词词义辨析。句意：然而，长期记忆往往令人失望，所以上下文呈现似乎是可取的。A. by means of借助于；B. moreover此外；C. in spite of尽管；D. however然而。根据句中“contextual presentation seems advisable”可知，上下文有转折关系，有连接副词however。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何关于如何在教育环境中使用这个方法的建议都应该基于对第二语言词汇学习问题的两个最重要方面的系统分析，也就是说，选择相关的词汇（哪些词以及多少词）和为习得过程创造最佳条件。A. focus重点；B. analysis分析；C. object物体；D. target目标。根据句中“this is to say, selecting the relevant vocabulary (which and how many words) and creating the best conditions for the acquisition process”可知，这是对第二语言词汇学习问题的分析。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这篇文章描述了一个计算机辅助词汇学习程序(CAVOCA)，它试图做到这一点：该程序将当前关于词汇学习的理论思想付诸实践，其内容基于与目标群体相关的系统性词汇列表。A. describe描述；B. grasp抓牢；C. link连接；D. force强迫。根据句中“This article”可知，下文是文章描述的内容。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇文章描述了一个计算机辅助词汇学习程序(CAVOCA)，它试图做到这一点：该程序将当前关于词汇学习的理论思想付诸实践，其内容基于与目标群体相关的系统性词汇列表。A. conclusions结论；B. appointments约定；C. aspects方面；D. contents内容。根据句中“are based on a systematic list of the vocabulary relevant for the target group”可知，这里说的是文章内容的基础。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定它的频率，该程序在一些实验环境中与学习新单词的配对相关方法进行了对比。A. react反应；B. establish确定；C. memorize记住；D. leave离开。根据下文“the programme was　　14　　in a number of experimental settings with a paired associated method of learning new words. The experimental results suggest that an approach combining the two methods is most advisable.”可推知，在一些实验环境中与学习新单词的配对相关方法进行了对比是为了确定单词的使用频率。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定它的频率，该程序在一些实验环境中与学习新单词的配对相关方法进行了对比。A. enhanced提高；B. invented发明；C. contrasted比较；D. behaved举止。根据句中“with a paired associated method”可推知，该程序与学习新单词的配对相关方法进行了对比。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Stop Asian Hate
During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, New York City saw a sharp increase in harassment and violence against Asian people and communities, especially Asian elders. Discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, age, and disability, including having or ____36____ (perceive) to be exposed to COVID-19, is illegal under the Human Rights Law.____37____the start of the pandemic, there has been a significant, troubling increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and bias incidents. These have been verbal attacks, physical and even things like the tragic shooting of eight Asian-American spa technicians in Atlanta, Georgia. Beginning in February of 2020, we received a sevenfold increase in reports of anti-Asian harassment, discrimination, and violence. It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported ____38____these numbers reflect just a fraction.
We all want to live in a world that is free from prejudice and____39____everyone has the right to be proud of who they are. Unfortunately, this is a pretty tough ask. We’ve joined forces with other establishments to bring you some resources of the movement of Stop Asian Hate, ____40____the aim is to an end to the rising tide of racism against east and south east asian (ESEA) people.
Since the pandemic, something has been made nasty in the media by comments from Donald Trump calling it “the China virus”, and ESEA people all over the world have found that their lives have been turned upside down. In the wake of the tragic deaths in the US and several studies ____41____(reveal) the real increase of racism against this minority, the Stop Asian Hate movement started a conversation about what is going on. You can find out all about it on this website, and get resources and support to help you if you are dealing with the impacts ____42____racism.
Working towards a world where no racism exists is always important to us, and will always be something ____43____need to strive towards. The thing is, a lot of conversations around racism fail to distinguish between the multiple groups of people who are affected, and the issues ____44____ (face) by ESEA people will be completely different to other people of colour.
____45____the growth of attacks and hate crimes still on the rise, we want to give you the tools to be able to understand the value and necessity of our voice, and how to stand up and fight back.
【答案】36. being perceived
37. Since 38. so
39. where 40. of which
41. revealing 42. of 43. we
44. faced 45. With
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了疫情期间，美国针对亚洲人的仇恨犯罪和偏见事件显著增加，文章的发布者开展了Stop Asian Hate运动，希望能给受到歧视的亚洲人帮助。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：根据《人权法》，基于种族、国籍、年龄和残疾的歧视，包括曾经或被认为接触过COVID-19，是非法的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以perceive应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是人，两者是被动关系，应该用被动语态，又此处和前文的having并列，应该用动名词形式，所以应该用动名词的被动语态。故填being perceived。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：自疫情开始以来，针对亚洲人的仇恨犯罪和偏见事件出现了令人不安的显著增加。根据句意可知，表达“自…以来”之意，应用since，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Since。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：值得注意的是，仇恨犯罪和偏见事件被发现严重漏报，因此这些数字只反映了一小部分。分析句子结构可知，“It is crucial to note that hate crimes and bias incidents have been found to be vastly under-reported”和“these numbers reflect just a fraction”两句话构成因果关系，所以应该用连词so连接。故填so。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们都希望生活在一个没有偏见的世界，每个人都有权利为自己感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，and连接的是两个定语从句修饰world，所以空处引导的是定语从句，从句中结构完整，先行词是world，在从句中做地点状语，应该用where引导。故填where。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们已经与其他机构联手，为您带来一些停止亚洲仇恨运动的资源，其目的是结束对东亚和东南亚人(ESEA)的种族主义浪潮。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是movement，从句中aim缺少定语，因为前有the修饰，不能用whose，引导，所以应该用of which引导。故填of which。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国发生了几起悲惨的死亡事件，几项研究揭示了针对这一少数族裔的种族主义的真实增长之后，“停止亚洲仇恨”(Stop Asian Hate)运动就正在发生的事情展开了一场对话。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词started，所以reveal用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是studies，两者间是主动关系，描述的是已发生的事，所以用现在分词形式。故填revealing。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：你可以在这个网站上找到关于它的一切，如果你正在处理种族主义的影响，你可以获得资源和支持来帮助你。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：impact of ...意为“...（产生）的影响”。故填of。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：努力建设一个不存在种族主义的世界对我们来说总是很重要的，也是我们需要努力实现的目标。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子是一个定语从句，关系代词在从句中做宾语而省略，所以从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知，表达的是“我们需要努力”之意。故填we。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：问题是，很多关于种族主义的对话都没有区分受影响的多个群体，而且ESEA人面临的问题与其他有色人种完全不同。分析句子结构可知，本句是who引导的定语从句，and引导的并列句，后句已有谓语动词will be，所以face应该用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是issues，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填faced。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着攻击和仇恨犯罪的增长，我们希望给你一些工具，让你能够理解我们声音的价值和必要性，以及如何站出来反击。根据句意可知，此处表达“随着攻击和仇恨犯罪的增长”之意，作伴随状语，应该用with引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填With。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他已被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺，并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括：
1.向Jacob表本祝贺；
2.谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑；
3.向对方征求意见和建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jacob,
How is everything going? I’m glad to receive your letter and know you’ve been admitted to the University of Cambridge. I’m writing to offer my warmest congratulations.
I am now in the process of university application, struggling with which major to choose. I’m a science student in high school, so I’m supposed to choose majors related to science and engineering. But the problems are that I’m not sure where my interest lies and which majors have a bright prospect that can ensure me a good job. Do you have any suggestions on the choice of a major?
I would appreciate it if you could share your opinions with me.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jacob回信，就他被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge)录取向他表示祝贺，并就在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。
【详解】1.词汇积累
被……录取：be admitted to→gain admission to
与……有关：related to→ connected with
保证：ensure→guarantee
感激：appreciate→ be grateful
2.句式拓展
并列句变简单句
原句：I’m a science student in high school, so I’m supposed to choose majors related to science and engineering.
拓展句：Being a science student in high school, I’m supposed to choose majors related to science and engineering.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am now in the process of university application, struggling with which major to choose.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语。）
【高分句型2】But the problems are that I’m not sure where my interest lies and which majors have a bright prospect that can ensure me a good job.（运用了where和which引导的宾语从句以及that引导的限制性定语从句。）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Our car ran over the sand and rocks, leaving a cloud of dust. It was a beautiful spring day. The sun was bright and the sky was clear—perfect conditions for off-roading(越野). Back then, in 1984, my wife Sue and I were living in southeastern California. The views were wonderful, but with dangers. The temperatures could rise above 50℃, and it was no place for tourists to go off-roading without enough preparation.
Sue and I always took a bag with us packed with snacks, water, and a first aid kit. We also had a car specially changed for driving in the desert. With it, we could go anywhere a jeep could go.
That day, we drove about 20 miles into the park. Around midday,we stopped to have a rest. As usual, we could see the desert before us. When the spirit of adventure moved us, we went back into the car. But when I turned the key nothing happened. I tried again and again. Nothing happened. I could see Sue was thinking the same thing—the engine wouldn’t start.
Our car had one strange problem. About once a year, it would refuse to start. If left overnight, the engine would run just fine the next morning. But no one could find anything wrong with our car. Because it happened so rarely, we’d just learned to live with it. But it had never happened suddenly.
“What should we do?” I felt a little anxious. I hadn’t seen a person on our drive out here, and we had no way to call for help.“We could walk back to town,”Sue said. Eager not to waste any more daylight,we quickly packed our things. We were about to set off when Sue called my name.“Look!” she cried. Sure enough, there was something, getting closer.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It wasn’t long before I could make out what it was—a jeep!
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He checked the engine and said, “I know what’s wrong.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 It wasn’t long before I could make out what it was—a jeep! And it was heading straight for the place we stayed! There was a man in the driver’s seat. Not a local. Our community was small, and I didn’t recognize him at all. “You need help?” he asked. “Can you give us a ride back into town?” I asked cautiously.”Our car won’t start again until it sits overnight.“He thought for a while and asked to take a look at our car. I knew it was hopeless, but I didn’t want to be rude to a stranger trying to help.
He checked the engine and said, “I know what’s wrong.” The man continued to say, “Lucky for you. I have that tool with me.” He went to fetch the tool and got to repair our strange car, and after several minutes, the engine began to work again. I felt so surprised, and he told us not to stop again until we got the car home. We had no words to express our gratitude and Sue wanted to pay him some money, but he shook his head and climbed into his jeep, continuing his way. Sue and I believed he was an angel who happened to be passing by.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和妻子驱车20英里离开城市去公园欣赏沙漠的美景，可中午休息后，发现车发动机无法启动了。当他们正准备步行回城时突然看到有东西朝他们越来越近。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由续写第一段首句“没过多久，我就弄清楚它是什么——一辆吉普车！”可以预测续写第一段主要内容：吉普车朝作者开过来，作者要求车主搭载他们回城，吉普车主主动提出帮他们看下车的问题。
②由第二段首句“他检查了发动机，说：‘我知道出了什么问题。’”可以预测续写第二段主要内容：吉普车主发现车的问题并修好，作者准备支付钱作为报答，吉普车主拒绝了，这让作者感到自己遇到天使一般。
2.续写线索：作者发现吉普车开过来——请求车主搭载他们回城——吉普车主要求帮他们检查下车——吉普车主发现车的问题并修好——作者提出现金报答——吉普车主拒绝任何报酬
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.检查：examine/check /inspect/look closely at
②.修理：mend/fix/repair
③.表达我们的感谢：show our thanks / express our gratitude/express our appreciation
情绪类
①.谨慎地： cautiously /prudently/carefully
②.绝望的： hopeless/desperate/in despair
③.惊讶的：surprised/ astonished/ amazed/in surprise
【点睛】[高分句型1]. We had no words to express our gratitude and Sue wanted to pay him some money, but he shook his head and climbed into his jeep, continuing his way. （运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2].Sue and I believed he was an angel who happened to be passing by.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
听力答案：1-20 CBCBC BCCBC CBCCB CACCA