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2022-2023学年北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
房山区2023年高三年级第一次模拟考试
英语
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I glanced to my left and right as I got ready at the starting line. The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps and I was even more ___1___ than before.
“On your mark, get set... Go!” shouted the race official. I pushed myself forward with all my ___2___ and started running as though a pride of man-eating lions were coming after me. As I ran, I could see the other competitors catching up with me. All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees. A hundred pairs of eyes bored into me, watching me ___3___ to get up. But no matter how hard I tried, I just could not do it.
“No, it cannot end like this. I have to ___4___ this race.” I thought to myself. However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable that I felt totally ___5___. I really wanted to give up.
Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.
“Thank you...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shoulder for support, and I ___8___ forward. The crowd cheered at this brilliant display of ___9___. Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.
Even though I never got the chance to learn her name, I will always remember her as the one who stepped forward to help me when I was in _____10_____.
1. A. tired B. confused C. nervous D. regretful
2. A. joy B. might C. trouble D. shame
3. A. attempt B. hesitate C. wait D. pretend
4. A. organize B. evaluate C. appreciate D. complete
5. A. defeated B. inspired C. shocked D. relaxed
6. A. waved B. extended C. showed D. pointed
7. A. proudly B. cautiously C. awkwardly D. gratefully
8. A. moved B. fell C. bent D. looked
9. A. partnership B. sportsmanship C. leadership D. friendship
10. A. anger B. doubt C. need D. silence
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. joy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. trouble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. organize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. complete完成。根据前文“No, it cannot end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted to give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. showed展示；D. pointed指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. proudly骄傲地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. moved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. looked看。根据后文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sportsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. doubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me ____11____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, ____12____ (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I ____13____ (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.
【答案】11. patiently
12. listening
13. will have##am going to have
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing Olympic Park, also ____14____ (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, ____15____ the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. The National Aquatics Center or “Water Cube” hosted the swimming, diving and synchronized swimming events. It was transformed ____16____ the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events.
【答案】14. known
15. where 16. into##to
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transformed into/to。故填into/to。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Environment Day (WED) is a day we all need to put in our ____17____ (diary). It happens on June 5 every year and should be one of the most important days of the holiday calendar. WED ____18____ (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is one of the hottest topics in the world today. WED helps raise worldwide awareness of the threats to our environment. ____19____ people can do that day is to start changing lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Many environmental agencies organize events based on different themes each year. These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together ____20____ (handle) environmental problems.
【答案】17. diaries
18. was created
19. What 20. to handle
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
【17题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
【18题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
【19题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project. The project will help new students meet current students at IBI who can provide them with some friendly company during their first months in Newcastle and help them with any small problems that they may have.
What’s in it for you?
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a volunteer, it will be personally satisfying to know that you are able to help new students. It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives. If you are an overseas student, it will give you another opportunity to practise speaking English.
Responsibilities of buddies
·Telephone and arrange to make contact with the new student.
·Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area. Answer questions about living in Newcastle and administration procedures at IBI.
·Arrange to meet the new student one morning or afternoon one weekend early in the semester, and take the student to places that you enjoy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared to take phone calls from the new student to answer further questions that he/she may have from time to time. Meet to explain information to the new student in person, if required.
·You will be matched to an individual new student. However, if you have friends who are also buddies, you might prefer to form a support group together. This would mean that you meet the new students as a group rather than one-on-one.
·Being a buddy is voluntary. There is no “requirement” to provide assistance beyond the help outlined above.
Please note that if you agree to become a peer support buddy you will be expected to fulfil your role conscientiously and cheerfully. It will be important to be considerate and reliable so that the student can feel confident in your support.
21. According to the passage, what benefit can you get from being a buddy?
A. You can learn how to be a confident person.
B. It is easy for you to find some friendly company.
C. You can be rewarded with both money and prizes.
D. It may be helpful for your future studies and career.
22. As a buddy, you need to ________.
A. form a support group with other volunteers at IBI
B. provide assistance in studying each subject after class
C. meet the new student every morning early in the semester
D. help the new student get familiar with his or her surroundings
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To introduce campus life for new students.
B. To attract potential volunteers to be peer supporters.
C. To offer an opportunity to practise speaking English.
D. To provide some information about studying overseas.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What’s in it for you?部分中“It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Responsibilities of buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
B
Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.
Before learning to paint, Li always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her peers because she could not hear. But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.
“I still remember my first mural, which was to help a kindergarten to design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The project made me realize how happy I was immersing myself into painting.”
To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school. “Painting brushes can help me create a colorful world in my imagination, telling my thoughts on paper, instead of through voices,” Li said.
Graduating from college in 2005, Li got a job as a typist at a public institute. But she could not communicate well with her other colleagues. Her husband understood how she felt because he lost his hearing due to medication when he was 1 year old. He is also an art lover. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestion, Li quit her job and joined her husband’s company, which specializes in 3D wall and ground paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding job because it requires people to work outdoors, whether in extremely cold or hot weather. As all the people are hearing-impaired in their company, communication with clients is the most common challenge that the team faces.
Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.
“My husband and I want to introduce painting to more people like us and help them find their own way to make a living,” Li says. Now Li has an apprentice who just graduated from college. While coaching the newcomer, Li is exploring her own style and hopes to become an illustrator and open her own exhibition one day.
“They’re energetic young people with a passion to create new things, and you can feel that in their paintings,” one of their clients said. “They’re also a professional, dedicated team, often working late into the night on the designs for us.”
Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.
24. According to the passage, the painting class in primary school ________.
A. started Li’s first advertising design
B. helped Li find a new way to express herself
C. made Li learn about 3D wall and ground paintings
D. turned Li’s dream of opening an exhibition into reality
25. What can we know from this passage?
A. Li can communicate with her clients easily.
B. Li lost her hearing when she was I year old.
C. Li and her husband have created many wonderful paintings.
D. Li and her husband hope to become illustrators in the future.
26. To help people with hearing loss, what does Li intend to do?
A. Donate money to them. B. Design painting gifts for them.
C. Inspire them to create their own careers. D. Support them to complete college education.
27. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. One is never too old to learn. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Accepting what you have makes you happy. D. Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Li天生听力严重受损，但她通过绘画找到了与世界交流的方式，她希望她的故事能鼓励那些与她一样听力受损的人建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.(但小学的绘画课为她打开了一扇通往创造力和表达方式的大门。)”可知，小学的绘画课为她打开了创造力与表达自己的大门。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.(现在，在很多公园和景区，这对夫妇创作了大型壁画和互动路面绘画，让旁观者成为绘画的一部分。)”可知，在许多公园和景点都能见到Li与她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她与她丈夫创作了许多美好的绘画。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.(Li希望他们的故事可以鼓励更多的听障人士建立自己的事业并实现自己的目标，无论多么艰难。)”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激励那些跟她一样听力受损的人无论有多难，要建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。故选C项。
27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段“Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事3D墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选D项。
C
Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
28. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.
B. Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.
C. Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.
D. The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.
29. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Relieve. B. Present. C. Cause. D. Predict.
30. Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.
A. findings B. process C. questions D. reflection
31. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.
B. To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.
C. To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.
D. To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸还可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.(它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀，清除水中的污染物，为各种海洋动物提供栖息地)”可知，海草草甸可以帮助去除海水中的污染物。故选C。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.(这项发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上的研究发现，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。当它们进行光合作用时，它们会从水中去除二氧化碳，抵消气体的酸化作用)”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，从而抵消气体的酸化作用，由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化”，mitigate意为“缓解”。故选A。
【30题详解】
段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH值提高0.1个单位以上，相当于酸度降低30%左右)”以及末句“The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的pH值在65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters.(新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化)”及第五段最后一句“The study presents a natural way to address the problem.(这项研究提出了一种解决这一问题的自然方法)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化，故本文目的是介绍一种解决海洋酸化问题的自然方法。故选D。
D
When special occasions such as birthdays or other big holiday events come around, parents often look for that special toy for their children. But there is a growing understanding that gifts of time and bonding, such as vacations and other experiences, make better and more lasting gifts for children.
Experts agree that gifting children with memorable trips and fun experiences is better for their body and mind, and has corresponding positive impacts on the rest of the family!
In a 2017 study that surveyed about 500 women between 18 and 93 years old, Dr. Oravecz, a human development and family studies professor at Pennsylvania State University, asked, “Most people feel loved when...” The study showed that the most popular answers had nothing to do with any material item. Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”
Clinical psychologist Oliver James agrees. He stated that as opposed to toys, details from a trip are more likely to “stick with them for long after the vacation ends.” When families interact in a stress-free environment, this creates warm, generous feelings towards one another, which are likely to be remembered with fondness. Vacations create strong emotional responses that don’t often come with material possessions.
In addition, British child psychologist Dr. Margot Sunderland believes that vacations make children smarter. “What is less widely known is that vacations can also advance brain development in children. This is because on a family vacation, you are exercising two genetically ingrained systems deep in the brain’s limbic (边缘的) area, which can all too easily be ‘unexercised’ in the home.” Citing the work of neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, Dr. Sunderland said, “These are the PLAY system and the SEEKING system.” “The brain’s PLAY system is exercised every time you bury your child’s feet in the sand or take them for a ride on your back. The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).”
In a busy household, perhaps the fun of having the latest toy may not last, but the space it occupies in the house could be there and gather dust. So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless.
32. From Dr. Oravecz’s study, we know that ________.
A. hearing kind words can make a person feel most loved
B. a special toy for a birthday is more lasting for children
C. women at the age of 18 and 93 years old feel more loved
D. the feeling of being loved is closely related to material gifts
33. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The capacity to play can translate into the ability to seek.
B. The SEEKING system can develop when adventuring in the wild.
C. PLAY and SEEKING systems are more easily exercised at home.
D. Burying your child’s feet in the mud is exercising the SEEKING system.
34. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A. material gifts are better for a child’s body and mind
B. children spending vacations with their parents are more generous
C. trips with family can form better emotional interactions than material gifts
D. vacations with employees are a waste of time for a successful entrepreneur
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了研究发现，在重大节日时，给孩子时间和感情的礼物，会给孩子们带来更好、更持久的礼物。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”(Oravecz博士说道：“我们的研究发现，小的积极时刻，比如说一句友善的话语、与孩子的拥抱或者同情的表情，会最让人感到被爱”。)”可知，听到友善的话语会最让人感觉到被爱，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).” (每次那么一起探索时，都会使用到寻找系统：沙滩、洞穴、隐藏的村庄……她继续说道：“所以，当你带孩子度假时，你是在支持他们的探索冲动（也就是寻找系统）——这是过好生活的重要资源，也是他们玩耍的能力（玩耍系统）”。成年后，这将转化为对成功企业家至关重要的想法的能力。)”可推知，你在带孩子探索时，是在支持他们的探索系统，故当在野外探索时，探索系统会得到一定的发展，故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless. (因此，在下一轮给孩子送礼物时，可以考虑体验式礼物。其带来的回报是无价的。)”可推知，作者在最后建议家长下次给孩子送礼物的时候，送体验式礼物，故作者同意，比起物质礼物，与家人一起的旅行更能促进家人之间的情感交流，故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____35____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____36____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____37____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great? ____38____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____39____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A. Try redesigning your environment.
B. You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C. So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E. Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F. Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G. Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. E 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
【35题详解】
根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的your posture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great?(但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.(例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。)”可知，空前提出问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据空前“In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.(事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律的运动更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下”符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Throughout our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made more of an impact than others. This can be due to different intelligences or learning styles. A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditional ideas about intelligence, measured by standardized IQ tests, are very limited. According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Some schools focus attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. However, Dr. Gardner says that we should place equal attention on people who possess the other intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians, salesmen, psychologists, and biologists.
Education can be much more interesting and help more students to learn more effectively if teachers are encouraged to present lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, group work, art activities, role-play, multimedia, field trips, among others. The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store more important information in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead them into a more fulfilling career direction.
The theory of multiple intelligences also gives adults a whole new way to look at their lives, examining potentials that they left behind in their childhood, such as a love for art or drama. They may now have the opportunity to develop these through hobbies or other programs of self-development.
40. According to the passage, what is a person’s learning style?
__________________________________________________________________________
41. What does Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences to describe?
__________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Which intelligence do you want to develop most? Why? (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
41. To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.
42. To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
43. I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store more important information in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下周将有一个英国的学生代表团来你校进行为期两天的交流访问，你将作为学生代表致词。请你用英文写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.简要介绍主要活动安排；
3.表达美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear friends,
Welcome to our school. I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of my school, I will introduce the main arrangements for the following two days.
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school. In the afternoon, you can take part in various activities such as paper cutting and calligraphy to experience traditional Chinese culture in person. On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生写一篇发言稿，向来校交流的英国的学生代表团表示欢迎，并介绍活动安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：On behalf of→ represent
参加：take part in→ join in/get involved in
各种各样的：various→ a variety of/varieties of
惊讶的：amazed→ surprised/astonished
2.句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
拓展句：Then followed the trip to the Forbidden City on the second day a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.（运用了名词作同位语和where引导非限制性定语从句。）
房山区2023年高三年级第一次模拟考试
英语
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I glanced to my left and right as I got ready at the starting line. The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps and I was even more ___1___ than before.
“On your mark, get set... Go!” shouted the race official. I pushed myself forward with all my ___2___ and started running as though a pride of man-eating lions were coming after me. As I ran, I could see the other competitors catching up with me. All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees. A hundred pairs of eyes bored into me, watching me ___3___ to get up. But no matter how hard I tried, I just could not do it.
“No, it cannot end like this. I have to ___4___ this race.” I thought to myself. However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable that I felt totally ___5___. I really wanted to give up.
Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.
“Thank you...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shoulder for support, and I ___8___ forward. The crowd cheered at this brilliant display of ___9___. Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.
Even though I never got the chance to learn her name, I will always remember her as the one who stepped forward to help me when I was in _____10_____.
1. A. tired B. confused C. nervous D. regretful
2. A. joy B. might C. trouble D. shame
3. A. attempt B. hesitate C. wait D. pretend
4. A. organize B. evaluate C. appreciate D. complete
5. A. defeated B. inspired C. shocked D. relaxed
6. A. waved B. extended C. showed D. pointed
7. A. proudly B. cautiously C. awkwardly D. gratefully
8. A. moved B. fell C. bent D. looked
9. A. partnership B. sportsmanship C. leadership D. friendship
10. A. anger B. doubt C. need D. silence
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. joy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. trouble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. organize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. complete完成。根据前文“No, it cannot end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted to give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. showed展示；D. pointed指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. proudly骄傲地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. moved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. looked看。根据后文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sportsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. doubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me ____11____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, ____12____ (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I ____13____ (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.
【答案】11. patiently
12. listening
13. will have##am going to have
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing Olympic Park, also ____14____ (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, ____15____ the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. The National Aquatics Center or “Water Cube” hosted the swimming, diving and synchronized swimming events. It was transformed ____16____ the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events.
【答案】14. known
15. where 16. into##to
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transformed into/to。故填into/to。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Environment Day (WED) is a day we all need to put in our ____17____ (diary). It happens on June 5 every year and should be one of the most important days of the holiday calendar. WED ____18____ (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is one of the hottest topics in the world today. WED helps raise worldwide awareness of the threats to our environment. ____19____ people can do that day is to start changing lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Many environmental agencies organize events based on different themes each year. These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together ____20____ (handle) environmental problems.
【答案】17. diaries
18. was created
19. What 20. to handle
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
【17题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
【18题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
【19题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project. The project will help new students meet current students at IBI who can provide them with some friendly company during their first months in Newcastle and help them with any small problems that they may have.
What’s in it for you?
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a volunteer, it will be personally satisfying to know that you are able to help new students. It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives. If you are an overseas student, it will give you another opportunity to practise speaking English.
Responsibilities of buddies
·Telephone and arrange to make contact with the new student.
·Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area. Answer questions about living in Newcastle and administration procedures at IBI.
·Arrange to meet the new student one morning or afternoon one weekend early in the semester, and take the student to places that you enjoy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared to take phone calls from the new student to answer further questions that he/she may have from time to time. Meet to explain information to the new student in person, if required.
·You will be matched to an individual new student. However, if you have friends who are also buddies, you might prefer to form a support group together. This would mean that you meet the new students as a group rather than one-on-one.
·Being a buddy is voluntary. There is no “requirement” to provide assistance beyond the help outlined above.
Please note that if you agree to become a peer support buddy you will be expected to fulfil your role conscientiously and cheerfully. It will be important to be considerate and reliable so that the student can feel confident in your support.
21. According to the passage, what benefit can you get from being a buddy?
A. You can learn how to be a confident person.
B. It is easy for you to find some friendly company.
C. You can be rewarded with both money and prizes.
D. It may be helpful for your future studies and career.
22. As a buddy, you need to ________.
A. form a support group with other volunteers at IBI
B. provide assistance in studying each subject after class
C. meet the new student every morning early in the semester
D. help the new student get familiar with his or her surroundings
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To introduce campus life for new students.
B. To attract potential volunteers to be peer supporters.
C. To offer an opportunity to practise speaking English.
D. To provide some information about studying overseas.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What’s in it for you?部分中“It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Responsibilities of buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
B
Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.
Before learning to paint, Li always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her peers because she could not hear. But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.
“I still remember my first mural, which was to help a kindergarten to design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The project made me realize how happy I was immersing myself into painting.”
To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school. “Painting brushes can help me create a colorful world in my imagination, telling my thoughts on paper, instead of through voices,” Li said.
Graduating from college in 2005, Li got a job as a typist at a public institute. But she could not communicate well with her other colleagues. Her husband understood how she felt because he lost his hearing due to medication when he was 1 year old. He is also an art lover. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestion, Li quit her job and joined her husband’s company, which specializes in 3D wall and ground paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding job because it requires people to work outdoors, whether in extremely cold or hot weather. As all the people are hearing-impaired in their company, communication with clients is the most common challenge that the team faces.
Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.
“My husband and I want to introduce painting to more people like us and help them find their own way to make a living,” Li says. Now Li has an apprentice who just graduated from college. While coaching the newcomer, Li is exploring her own style and hopes to become an illustrator and open her own exhibition one day.
“They’re energetic young people with a passion to create new things, and you can feel that in their paintings,” one of their clients said. “They’re also a professional, dedicated team, often working late into the night on the designs for us.”
Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.
24. According to the passage, the painting class in primary school ________.
A. started Li’s first advertising design
B. helped Li find a new way to express herself
C. made Li learn about 3D wall and ground paintings
D. turned Li’s dream of opening an exhibition into reality
25. What can we know from this passage?
A. Li can communicate with her clients easily.
B. Li lost her hearing when she was I year old.
C. Li and her husband have created many wonderful paintings.
D. Li and her husband hope to become illustrators in the future.
26. To help people with hearing loss, what does Li intend to do?
A. Donate money to them. B. Design painting gifts for them.
C. Inspire them to create their own careers. D. Support them to complete college education.
27. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. One is never too old to learn. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Accepting what you have makes you happy. D. Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Li天生听力严重受损，但她通过绘画找到了与世界交流的方式，她希望她的故事能鼓励那些与她一样听力受损的人建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.(但小学的绘画课为她打开了一扇通往创造力和表达方式的大门。)”可知，小学的绘画课为她打开了创造力与表达自己的大门。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.(现在，在很多公园和景区，这对夫妇创作了大型壁画和互动路面绘画，让旁观者成为绘画的一部分。)”可知，在许多公园和景点都能见到Li与她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她与她丈夫创作了许多美好的绘画。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.(Li希望他们的故事可以鼓励更多的听障人士建立自己的事业并实现自己的目标，无论多么艰难。)”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激励那些跟她一样听力受损的人无论有多难，要建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。故选C项。
27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段“Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事3D墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选D项。
C
Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
28. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.
B. Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.
C. Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.
D. The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.
29. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Relieve. B. Present. C. Cause. D. Predict.
30. Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.
A. findings B. process C. questions D. reflection
31. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.
B. To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.
C. To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.
D. To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸还可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.(它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀，清除水中的污染物，为各种海洋动物提供栖息地)”可知，海草草甸可以帮助去除海水中的污染物。故选C。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.(这项发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上的研究发现，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。当它们进行光合作用时，它们会从水中去除二氧化碳，抵消气体的酸化作用)”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，从而抵消气体的酸化作用，由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化”，mitigate意为“缓解”。故选A。
【30题详解】
段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH值提高0.1个单位以上，相当于酸度降低30%左右)”以及末句“The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的pH值在65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters.(新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化)”及第五段最后一句“The study presents a natural way to address the problem.(这项研究提出了一种解决这一问题的自然方法)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化，故本文目的是介绍一种解决海洋酸化问题的自然方法。故选D。
D
When special occasions such as birthdays or other big holiday events come around, parents often look for that special toy for their children. But there is a growing understanding that gifts of time and bonding, such as vacations and other experiences, make better and more lasting gifts for children.
Experts agree that gifting children with memorable trips and fun experiences is better for their body and mind, and has corresponding positive impacts on the rest of the family!
In a 2017 study that surveyed about 500 women between 18 and 93 years old, Dr. Oravecz, a human development and family studies professor at Pennsylvania State University, asked, “Most people feel loved when...” The study showed that the most popular answers had nothing to do with any material item. Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”
Clinical psychologist Oliver James agrees. He stated that as opposed to toys, details from a trip are more likely to “stick with them for long after the vacation ends.” When families interact in a stress-free environment, this creates warm, generous feelings towards one another, which are likely to be remembered with fondness. Vacations create strong emotional responses that don’t often come with material possessions.
In addition, British child psychologist Dr. Margot Sunderland believes that vacations make children smarter. “What is less widely known is that vacations can also advance brain development in children. This is because on a family vacation, you are exercising two genetically ingrained systems deep in the brain’s limbic (边缘的) area, which can all too easily be ‘unexercised’ in the home.” Citing the work of neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, Dr. Sunderland said, “These are the PLAY system and the SEEKING system.” “The brain’s PLAY system is exercised every time you bury your child’s feet in the sand or take them for a ride on your back. The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).”
In a busy household, perhaps the fun of having the latest toy may not last, but the space it occupies in the house could be there and gather dust. So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless.
32. From Dr. Oravecz’s study, we know that ________.
A. hearing kind words can make a person feel most loved
B. a special toy for a birthday is more lasting for children
C. women at the age of 18 and 93 years old feel more loved
D. the feeling of being loved is closely related to material gifts
33. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The capacity to play can translate into the ability to seek.
B. The SEEKING system can develop when adventuring in the wild.
C. PLAY and SEEKING systems are more easily exercised at home.
D. Burying your child’s feet in the mud is exercising the SEEKING system.
34. According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A. material gifts are better for a child’s body and mind
B. children spending vacations with their parents are more generous
C. trips with family can form better emotional interactions than material gifts
D. vacations with employees are a waste of time for a successful entrepreneur
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了研究发现，在重大节日时，给孩子时间和感情的礼物，会给孩子们带来更好、更持久的礼物。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”(Oravecz博士说道：“我们的研究发现，小的积极时刻，比如说一句友善的话语、与孩子的拥抱或者同情的表情，会最让人感到被爱”。)”可知，听到友善的话语会最让人感觉到被爱，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).” (每次那么一起探索时，都会使用到寻找系统：沙滩、洞穴、隐藏的村庄……她继续说道：“所以，当你带孩子度假时，你是在支持他们的探索冲动（也就是寻找系统）——这是过好生活的重要资源，也是他们玩耍的能力（玩耍系统）”。成年后，这将转化为对成功企业家至关重要的想法的能力。)”可推知，你在带孩子探索时，是在支持他们的探索系统，故当在野外探索时，探索系统会得到一定的发展，故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless. (因此，在下一轮给孩子送礼物时，可以考虑体验式礼物。其带来的回报是无价的。)”可推知，作者在最后建议家长下次给孩子送礼物的时候，送体验式礼物，故作者同意，比起物质礼物，与家人一起的旅行更能促进家人之间的情感交流，故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____35____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____36____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____37____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great? ____38____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____39____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A. Try redesigning your environment.
B. You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C. So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E. Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F. Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G. Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. E 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
【35题详解】
根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的your posture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great?(但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.(例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。)”可知，空前提出问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据空前“In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.(事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律的运动更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下”符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Throughout our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made more of an impact than others. This can be due to different intelligences or learning styles. A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditional ideas about intelligence, measured by standardized IQ tests, are very limited. According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Some schools focus attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. However, Dr. Gardner says that we should place equal attention on people who possess the other intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians, salesmen, psychologists, and biologists.
Education can be much more interesting and help more students to learn more effectively if teachers are encouraged to present lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, group work, art activities, role-play, multimedia, field trips, among others. The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store more important information in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead them into a more fulfilling career direction.
The theory of multiple intelligences also gives adults a whole new way to look at their lives, examining potentials that they left behind in their childhood, such as a love for art or drama. They may now have the opportunity to develop these through hobbies or other programs of self-development.
40. According to the passage, what is a person’s learning style?
__________________________________________________________________________
41. What does Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences to describe?
__________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Which intelligence do you want to develop most? Why? (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
41. To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.
42. To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
43. I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store more important information in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下周将有一个英国的学生代表团来你校进行为期两天的交流访问，你将作为学生代表致词。请你用英文写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.简要介绍主要活动安排；
3.表达美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear friends,
Welcome to our school. I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of my school, I will introduce the main arrangements for the following two days.
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school. In the afternoon, you can take part in various activities such as paper cutting and calligraphy to experience traditional Chinese culture in person. On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生写一篇发言稿，向来校交流的英国的学生代表团表示欢迎，并介绍活动安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：On behalf of→ represent
参加：take part in→ join in/get involved in
各种各样的：various→ a variety of/varieties of
惊讶的：amazed→ surprised/astonished
2.句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
拓展句：Then followed the trip to the Forbidden City on the second day a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.（运用了名词作同位语和where引导非限制性定语从句。）
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