专题03 非谓语动词和交际用语-2021年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编（解析版）

2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编

专题03非谓语动词和交际用语

一、2021年高考真题

1. （2021年全国甲卷语法填空）

….It is possible  ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.

After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!

…….

【答案】43. to walk      44. spending  

【解析】

43．

考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。

44．

考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。

2. （2021年全国甲卷短文改错） ….. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others……...

【答案】 talk→talking

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。

3. （2021年全国乙卷语法填空） …. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:

·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.

……

Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ___70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.

【答案】    67. visiting     70. to have

【解析】

67.考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。

70. 考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。

4. （2021年浙江卷语法填空）Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.

【答案】  to plant

【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。

5．（2021年1月天津卷）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.

A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended

【答案】C

【解析】

考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动，所以用extending。故选C。

6. （2021年1月天津卷）—Are you done with the book I gave you?

— ________. I'm still reading the last chapter.

A．Hard to say B．Not quite C．Of course D．It all depends

【答案】B

【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我给你的那本书你看完了吗？——还没完全看完。我还在看最后一章。A. Hard to say很难说；B. Not quite不完全，未必；C. Of course当然；D.  It all depends要看情况而定。根据后文“I'm still reading the last chapter.”可知书还没完全看完，not quite符合语境。故选B。

7. （2021年1月天津卷）---How's the project going?

--- ________. All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.

A．Easy come easy go B．Far from it

C．By all means D．So far so good

【答案】D

【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——这个项目进展的如何？——到目前为止，一直都还不错。我们要做的就是完成最后一项工作。A.Easy come easy go 来得容易去得也快；B.Far from it 远非如此；C.By all means 尽一切办法，务必；D.So far so good 到目前为止，一直都还不错。根据下半句可知，目前进展还不错。故选D。

二、2021届模拟题

1. （2021·吉林松原市实验高级中学高三月考语法填空）The history of Chinese characters dates back to ancient times, with a history of at least several thousand years. It is agreed that hanzi began as simple pictures, images that the ancient Chinese people drew, painted, and carved 42．(describe) nature and their lives.

【答案】to describe

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。句子谓语动词为began，所以动词describe要以非谓语的形式出现。根据句意可知，此处表达“用来描述自然和他们的生活的图像”，所以用不定式表目的。故填to describe。

2. （2021·内蒙古包头市·高三二模短文改错）I'm glad to have received your letter say that you are interested in China.

【答案】say改为saying

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很高兴收到你的来信，说你对中国感兴趣。前句已有动词have received，所以只能作后置定语。名词your letter与 say之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故将say改为saying。

3. （2021·江西萍乡市·高三二模语法填空）“Right from the beginning, our aim was    （1）   (offer) Games that would have an impact and the element of surprise. This is why we have chosen these four sports to present to the International Olympic Committee. We are certain that they will contribute to    （2）   (improve) our project.” Estanguet added.

【答案】 （1）to  offer  （2）improving

【解析】（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：从一开始，我们的目标就是提供一届有影响力和惊喜的奥运会。分析句子该空所给词offer是动词，在句中作表语解释主语aim，应使用动词不定式。故填to offer。

（2）

考查非谓语动词。句意：我们相信他们将有助于改进我们的项目。根据空前的contribute to，to为介词，所以应使用所给词improve的动名词形式作宾语。故填improving。

4. （2021·四川泸州市·高三三模语法填空）

The finless porpoise and the Baiji dolphin (Yangtze River dolphin), both members of the cetacea family and the only two aquatic mammals (水栖哺乳动物) in the river, were officially considered as “critically endangered” and placed on the red list of the   （1） (threaten) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2013.

Among the very few porpoise species, the Yangtze finless porpoise is the only one   （2） (live) in freshwater, according to Zhang Xianfeng, an aquatic wildlife researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

【答案】 （1）threatened

（2）to live ·

【解析】（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：无鳍江豚和白鳍豚（长江江豚）都是鲸目动物家族的成员，也是长江中仅有的两种水生哺乳动物，被国际自然保护联盟正式认定为“极度濒危物种”，并于2013年列入濒危物种红色名录。分析可知，所填空应是空后名词“species(物种)”的定语，应用非谓语作定语，动词“threaten(威胁)”与其之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填threatened。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学院水生生物研究所水生野生动物研究员张先锋介绍，在为数不多的江豚物种中，扬子江江豚是唯一一种生活在淡水中的江豚。分析可知，“__  (live) in freshwater”为之前不定代词“one”的后置定语，由the only修饰的名词或不定代词常用不定式作定语。故填to live。

5. （2021·广西桂林市·高三月考短文改错）I'm looking forward to see you soon.

【答案】 see改为seeing

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待着很快见到你。结合句意表示“期待做某事”可知短语为look forward to doing sth.。故see改为seeing。

6. （2021·西宁市教育科学研究院高三一模语法填空）

 ……. That means scientists    （1）  (study) the material could learn more about the evolution of the moon.

Although Chang’e 5 was a short mission, it’s one of the most complex projects    （2）   (undertake) by the Chinese space program so far. The country is far from done with the moon Chang’ e 6, a second lunar sample return, is ready to launch in 2023 or 2024.

【答案】（1）studying   （2）undertaken

【解析】（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着研究这种物质的科学家可以了解更多关于月球演化的信息。分析句子结构可知，study在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语scientists构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填studying。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然嫦娥五号的任务很短，但它是迄今为止中国太空计划中最复杂的项目之一。分析句子结构可知，undertake在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语projects构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填undertaken。

7. （2021·四川遂宁市·遂宁中学高三三模语法填空）…. Temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases,   （1） (make) it a crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring.

……

…. It is a fine time    （2）    (appreciate) the beauty of nature.

【答案】（1）making

   （2）to appreciate

【解析】(1) 考查非谓语动词。句意：气温开始回升，降雨量也随之增加,使得它成为春天播种的关键时节。分析句子可知，make用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示理所当然的结果用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。

(2) 考查不定式。句意：正是欣赏自然风光的大好时节。time后接不式作定语，故填。to appreciate

8. （2021·赤峰二中高三月考语法填空）

 By the way, you can also put “each” and “every” together in the same sentence      (show) you have a strong opinion. Like this: “I want each and every one of you to know we believe you can be good English speakers!”

【答案】 to show

【解析】

9. （2021·陕西西安市·西安中学高三二模）

Beijing Opera, (1) (know) as China's national opera, also called Peking Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a combination of music, dance, art and acrobatics (杂技). It is the most influential and

…..

Anhui Opera was easy  (2)  (move) and good at absorbing the acting styles of other types of operas. Beijing accumulated many local operas,   (3)   (make) Anhui Opera improve quickly.

【答案】(1)known    (2) to move    (3)making

【解析】(1) 考查过去分词。句意：Beijing Opera（京剧），被誉为中国国剧，又称Peking Opera，起源于18世纪末，是集音乐、舞蹈、艺术和杂技于一体的综合性剧目。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语is且无连词，其它动词用非谓语形式，主语Beijing Opera和动词know是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作状语。故填known。

(2) 考查动词不定式。句意：徽剧动静自如，善于吸收其他剧种的表演风格。固定搭配be easy to do sth.（很容易做某事），用动词不定式（to do）。故填to move。

(3) 考查现在分词。句意：北京积累了许多地方戏，使徽剧发展迅速。本句已有谓语accumulated且无连词，其它动词用非谓语形式，动词make的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子，它们逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填making。

10. （2020·西藏日喀则上海实验学校高三月考短文改错）

I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.

【答案】 opens改为open

【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。

11. （2021·新疆乌鲁木齐市·高三期末短文改错）

Jade is found in mountains and riverbeds, and the Chinese people consider jade 41． (be) “the essence of heaven and earth”. In Chinese culture, jade has its cultural meaning traditionally, the Chinese people thought jade is the most precious stone, a material containing the essence of virtue.

【答案】 to be/is。

【解析】考查非谓语动词/谓语动词。句意：玉石是在山里和河床中发现的，中国人把玉看做是天地之精华。分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作condider的宾补，consider sb. to do为固定用法，所以用不定式；或者也可以把本空看作consider后宾语从句的谓语动词，用一般现在时，描述一个客观的事实。故填to be/is。