专题15 完形填空记叙文（20空）：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

这是一份专题15 完形填空记叙文（20空）：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版），共48页。

五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题15 完形填空记叙文（20空）（解析版）
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
【2023▪全国甲卷】
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 41 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 42 its way down the hill toward us. It was 43 called Mario, coming to 44 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 45 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 47 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 48 , we thought. But we were 49 his kindness, so we 50 them.
What we discovered is that it’s 51 to judge what you eat only by its 52 . Those tomatoes had 53 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 55 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 56 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 57 .
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 58 , and as close as possible to where they were 59 . What Mario had 60 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
43. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger
44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
45. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture
46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
47. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
48. A. more B. good C. new D. easy
49. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
50. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
51. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual
52. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price
53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
54. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
55. A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague
56. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
57. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar
58. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need
59. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
【答案】41. D42. A43. B44. C45. D46. A47. C48. B49. B50. A51. C52. A53. D54. B55. A56. D57. A58. C59. D40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to 44 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer顾客；B. neighbor邻居；C. relative亲戚；D. passenger乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 42 its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had 60 us was the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice 45 for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。
45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice选择；B. comment议论；C. promise诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to 44 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选D项。
46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。
47.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. simple简单的；B. real真实的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。故选C项。
48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 47 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。
49.考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to同情；B. thankful for对……表示感谢；C. cautious about谨慎对待；D. interested in对……感兴趣。根据前文“It was 43 called Mario, coming to 44 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。
50.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had 53 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。
51.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain无把握；C. unwise不明智的；D. unusual特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。
52.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin源头；D. price价格。根据前文“we were 46 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。
53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color颜色；D. taste味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选D项。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 47 things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。
55.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy快乐的；B. vivid清晰的；C. short短的；D. vague模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。
56.考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack包装。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。
57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. useful有用的；C. convenient便利的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应是“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选A项。
58.考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view在展出；B. on sale出售；C. in season当令的；D. in need困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。
59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。
60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was 43 called Mario, coming to 44 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。

【2023▪全国乙卷】
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41 best. She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44 waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap (飞跃), however 46 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 50 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51 two Russians. The Chinese coach 52 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53 , helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 56 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly, the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it 58 to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 59 that she could make the London Games-and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
41. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
42. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
43. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no
44. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
45. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough
46. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning
47. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
48. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
49. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
50. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
51. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
52. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
53. A. world B. city C. team D. state
54. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic
55. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
56. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
57. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy
58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
59. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on
60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
【答案】41. D 42. B 43 A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，去离家1400英里的地方，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下，Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。
41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试；B. thought思考；C. judged判断；D. knew知道；熟悉，了解。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,400 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。
42.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事；B. pack up整理；收拾行李；C. clean up清理；D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选B。
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye再见；B. hello你好；C. thanks感谢；D. no没有；否定的回答。由上“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见，故选A。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起；B. observe观察；C. ride骑；漂浮；D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”，故选C。
45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common平民；普通；B. time时间；C. fun乐趣；D. tough暴徒。由下文“to take the leap (飞跃)”可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选B。
46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人伤心。A. breathtaking激动人心的；B. heartbreaking令人心碎的；令人伤心的；C. eye-catching引人注目的；D. head-spinning头晕的。上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选B。
47.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1400英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out退出；B. moved on继续。C. pulled over靠边停车；D. went off离开。由下文“about 1,400 miles away from home,”可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1400英里的地方，故选D。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1400英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason推理；B. talk谈话；C. compete竞争；D. train培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到；见过；B. helped帮助；C. understood理解；D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。
50.考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately大约；B.gradually逐渐地；C. exactly准确地；完全；D. possibly可能地。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，由此可知，Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选C。
51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated打败；B. pleased使高兴；C. respected尊敬；D. assisted帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced强迫；B. transformed转换；改造；彻底改变；C. persuaded劝说；D. put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”，故选B。
53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world世界；B. city城市；C. team团队；D. state国家。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选A。
54.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateury业余爱好的；B. elected当选的；C. average平均的；普通的；D. enthusiastic热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。
55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying分类；B. defending打败；C. winning赢得；D. demanding要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。
56.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed跟随；B. organized组织；C. watched观看；D. led带领；领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。
57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident自信的；坚信的；B. nervous紧张的；C. excited兴奋的；D. uneasy不安的。由下文“all along that she would win.”可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢，故选A。
58.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed看待；B. appeared出现；C. mattered重要；D. took需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”，故选D。
59.考查短语词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。A. now and then时不时地；B. more and more越来越多；C. far and wide广泛地；D. on and on不断地。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she could make the London Games-and win.”可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。故选B。
60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A. shine照耀；发光；B. fly飞行；C. dance跳舞；D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
2022年全国甲卷
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 42 . When I first dated Steve, I 43 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46 , the cat.
The next week we 47 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49 ? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50 , I began to fall for him.
We 51 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54 his house. All worked 55 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 56 Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 57 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 58 , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
40. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
41-45 CADBB46-50 ABACD 51-55 ADBAC 56-50 BBACD
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。
41. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
42. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A。
43. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D。
44. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled刺激的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选B。
45. B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46 the cat (三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B。
46. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
47. B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。由本处的“ 47 our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B。
48. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。故选A。
49. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求婚)? (他在求婚吗)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C。
50. D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D。
51. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A。
52. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly 55 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会重新打开伤口)”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口，可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D。
53. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会重新打开伤口。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B。
54. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，二人成为室友，可得出史蒂夫离开了他的房子，和作者一起居住。故选A。
55. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C。
56. B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 46 , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”和“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B。
57. B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知，作者的狗Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B。
58. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A。
59. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C。
60. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50 , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D。
【2022天津卷】
When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone ____16____. But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would ____17____. When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another ____18____. “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so ____19____ and my world came ____20____ down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting ____21____. With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of ____22____, I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) ____23____ way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started ____24____. “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She _____25_____ and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____26_____ out of. I made a _____27_____ not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a _____28_____ could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t _____29_____ why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t _____30_____ at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great _____31_____ I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was _____32_____ a lot that year.
_____33_____ I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can _____34_____ everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay _____35_____ inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
16. A. badly B. endlessly C. randomly D. smoothly
17. A. mess up B. move on C. set out D. take off
18. A. impression B. essay C. story D. factor
19. A. ashamed B. starved C. excited D. relaxed
20. A. crashing B. moving C. selling D. bending
21. A. stricter B. worse C. happier D. smarter
22. A. joy B. panic C. doubt D. sympathy
23. A. funny B. important C. easy D. traditional
24. A. drying B. disappearing C. flowing D. separating
25. A. had a point B. made a change C. reached a level D. took a break
26. A. send B. bring C. pick D. climb
27. A. request B. resolution C. presentation D. proposal
28. A. balance B. degree C. position D. solution
29. A. figure out B. give away C. think over D. make up
30. A. aim B. smile C. wave D. shout
31. A. anger B. sorrow C. disappointment D. surprise
32. A. felt B. shown C. removed D. voiced
33. A. Carrying on B. Looking back C. Stepping aside D. Turning around
34. A. consume B. examine C. reflect D. rescue
35. A. unknown B. unpunished C. interested D. trapped
【答案】16. D17. A18. C19. A20. A21. B22. B23. C24. C25. A26. D27. B28. D29. A30. D31. D32. C33. B34. A35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly严重地；B. endlessly无穷地；C. randomly随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进；C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续；B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。

2022年1月浙江卷
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her 36 , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 37 a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 .
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team 44 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 44 work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46 for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 47 she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 48 .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to 49 that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50 . "I say there is no old 51 , there's only neglect (忽视). Don't stand 52 , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney 53 that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring 54 into people eyes and this is just the 55 . There is still a long way to go"
36. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
37. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
38. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship
39. A. similar B. various C. personal D. special
40. A. turn B. peace C. vain D. silence
41. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
42. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
43. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference
44. A. informed B. doubted C. included D. dismissed
45. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
46. A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
47. A. As ever B. So far C. In return D. Once again
48. A. wasted B. donated C. expected D. earned
49. A. imagine B. confirm C. remember D. understand
50. A. retirement B. childbirth C. graduation D. marriage
51. A. time B. rule C. age D. tale
52. A. straight B. still C. firm D. alone
55. A. commented B. learned C. reminded D. added
54. A. light B. joy C. color D. beauty
55. A. future B. beginning C. truth D. meaning
◆这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
36. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
37. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over休克服；B. go through经历；C. hold on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
38. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，故选C项。
39. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
40. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目，故选B项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
47. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金额，故选C项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了，故选A项。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做，故选B项。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C. color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故选A项。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
2021年全国甲卷
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area. They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 25 that it would be too warm, he 26 it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was 27 and well chilled (冷却) and he 28 .
That's when things went 29 . “I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down. It was a real 34 .”
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter 40 . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
21. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make
23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste
24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table
31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation
32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild
33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured
36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
【答案】21-25 DACAD 26-30 DBACC 31-35 ABAAD 36-40 DCACB
【导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。
21. D。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。
22. A。A. visit拜访；B. help帮助；C. follow跟随；D. make制作。根据“They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。
23. C。A. sell卖；B. have有；C. bring带来； D. taste品尝。根据“So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。
24. A。A. filled装满；B. locked锁上；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。
25. D。A. surprised感到惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据“he 26 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。
26. D。A. dug挖； B. cleared清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。
27. B。A. delicious美味的； B. safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。
28. A。A. left离开；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了。
29. C。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。
30. C。A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅；D. table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。
31. B。A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. invitation邀请。根据““I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.” 可知，Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。
32. B。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的；C. missing失踪的； D. wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。
33. A。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。
34. A. mess混乱； B. puzzle不解之谜；C. fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。
35. D。A. recovered恢复；B. retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured成熟。根据“and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。
36. D。A. suffering苦难；B. plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据“I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。
37. C。hands in pocket手放在口袋里； nose in the air目中无人；hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。
38. A。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。
39. C。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel.”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。
40. B。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C.ended结束；D. disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知他的信起作用。
2021年6月浙江卷
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 36 and visit the doctor, providing 37 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 38 some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was 39 about three dollars. The only 40 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 41 she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar off soup. By taking off these, she was able to 42 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people 43 and then go off to the side to 44 their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a 45 came up to her and said, "Here are the things that you 46 ." handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 47 . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She 48 for the woman’s name and address so that she could 49 her. The woman told her it was her 50 .
My mother was so 51 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 52 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53 for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of 54 that not only helped my mother out, but 55 too.
36. A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping
37. A. reward B. medicine C. company D. shelter
38. A. return B. collect C. order D. buy
39. A. short B. cautious C. wrong D. concerned
40. A. aim B. way C. advice D. reason
41. A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses
42. A. raise B. add C. bring D. switch
43. A. show up B. call in C. check out D. sit down
44. A. store B. select C. deliver D. bag
45. A. stranger B. cashier C. friend D. doctor
46. A. looked for B. talked about C. threw away D. put back
47. A. receipt B. soap C. cash D. bottle
48. A. asked B. waited C. cared D. searched
49. A. repay B. trust C. recognize D. help
50. A. luck B. chance C. gift D. turn
51. A. surprised B. amused C. touched D. convinced
52. A. in case B. even if C. as though D. so that
53. A. energy B. money C. space D. time
54. A. faith B. courage C. kindness D. honor
55. A. made her day B. changed her mind C. caught her eye D. met her demand
36-40 DCDAB 41-45 BCCDA 46-50 DBAAC 51-55 CABCA
【详解】【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在商店购物时，作者的母亲带的钱不够，不得不将一些东西又放回去。一位陌生女人为作者母亲买下了这些东西。陌生人的行为感动了作者的母亲，她决定将这份善意传递下去。
36.查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我带母亲去购物，看医生。exercise锻炼；housework家务活；cooking烹饪；shopping购物。根据上文中的“My mother is 92”和下一句中的“go to a nearby store”可知，作者母亲年纪大，每周作者带着母亲去“购物”。故选D。
37.查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我都带母亲去购物，看医生，提供陪伴和交通工具。reward报酬，酬谢；medicine药；company陪伴；shelter遮蔽，庇护。根据前文“My mother is 92…I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年纪的母亲去购物，看医生。故选C。
38.查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在这一周里，母亲喜欢去附近的一个商店买她需要的一些小东西。return返回；collect收集；order订购；buy买。根据下文中的“small things she needs”可知，作者母亲去一家附近的商店去“买”她所需要的一些小东西。故选D。
39.查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她去付款的时候，她缺了大约3美元。short缺少的；cautious谨慎的；wrong错误的；concerned关心的。根据下文中的“The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the 39 she could do without…”可知，作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母亲带的现金不够。故选A。
40.查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。aim目标；way方法，方式；advice建议；reason原因。结合上题解析可知，作者的母亲带的现金不够，所以把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下是她能够支付这些东西的唯一“方式”。故选B。
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。weight重量；things东西；mask口罩；glasses眼镜。根据下文中的“a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap”可知，医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的“东西”。故选B。
42.查动词词义辨析。句意：通过拿掉这些东西，她最终能够使现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额范围。raise提高；add添加；bring使……处于某种状况，使……到某地；switch转变。根据上文可知，母亲拿掉了一些东西才能够使得现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额。bring sth. to sth.表示“使……处于某种状况”，符合语境。该处指“使商品总值达到母亲所带金额范围之内”。故选C。
43.考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。show up出现，露面；call in叫……来，拜访；check out结账离开；sit down坐下。根据空后的“then go off to the side”可知，在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去。故选C。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。store贮藏；select挑选；deliver递送；bag把……装进袋子。根据下一句中的“putting her groceries into shopping bags”可知，在这间店里，人们结完账之后，然后走到一边，将所购之物装进购物袋。故选D。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，说……。stranger陌生人；cashier收银员；friend朋友；doctor医生。根据下文中的“She ___ for the woman’s name and address”可知，这个女人对作者的母亲而言是个陌生人，所以作者母亲要她的姓名和地址。故选A。
46. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是你放回去的东西。look for寻找；talk about谈论；throw away扔掉；put back放回。根据上一段的“…take off the ___ she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，由于缺大约3美元，作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂拿出来，放回到货架上。故选D。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：…递给她医用酒精和肥皂。receipt收据；soap肥皂；cash现金；bottle瓶子。根据上文中的“…take off the 41 she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，作者母亲放回去的有医用酒精和一块肥皂。现在陌生人帮作者母亲又把这些东西买了下来。故选B。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址。ask询问；wait等待；care在乎；search搜索。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲想要对方的姓名和住址以便报答对方的帮助。故选A。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。repay报答；trust信任；recognize认出；help帮助。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲询问对方的姓名和住址，这样就可以报答对方了。故选A。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女人告诉她这是她的礼物。luck运气；chance机会；gift礼物；turn（依次轮到的）机会。根据下一句中的“She was so ___ by her gesture that …”可知，这个女人并没有告诉作者母亲她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母亲的报答。所以这是她给母亲的“礼物”。故选C。
51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲如此感动以至于她决定回到那家商店给收银员5美元的钞票。surprised惊讶的；amused被逗乐的；touched受到触动的，感动的；convinced相信的。陌生女人的无私帮助感动了母亲。故选C。
52. 考查短语辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情（即：没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。in case以防，万一；even if即使；as though尽管；so that以便，结果……。如果其他人遇到没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西时，母亲的五美元钞票可以提供一些帮助。所以母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，就是以防同样情况的发生。故选A。
53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情（即：没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。energy能量，精力；money钱；space地方，空间；time时间。根据上文中的“a five-dollar bill”可知，作者母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防有人没有足够的“钱”来支付他们所购买的东西。故选B。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管你是谁，都要谢谢你善意的行为。faith信任，信念；courage勇气；kindness善良；honor荣誉。陌生女人帮助母亲，这是一种“善意的”行为。故选C。
55. 考考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢谢你善意的行为，这种行为不经帮助了我的母亲，而且使她很开心。make one’s day使某人开心；change one’s mind改变主意；catch one’s eye吸引某人的注意力；meet one’s demand满足某人的要求。得到帮助，作者母亲心情愉悦，十分开心。故选A。

2021年3月天津卷
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience
34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
22.考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
24.考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
29.考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
30.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
32.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。
〖2020年高考真题题组〗
2020年新课标II卷
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction（拍卖）” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard," a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
"That’s the garden in our picture, "Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called "The Girl with Two Chairs." They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog." The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
41. A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted
42. A. finished B. delayed C. considered D. tried
43. A. attended B. reserved C. cancelled D. run
44. A. shown B. found C. kept D. hidden
45. A. nice B. familiar C. useful D. real
46. A. battled B. debated C. discussed D. bargained
47. A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
48. A. chosen B. received C. ordered D. moved
49. A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
50. A. concrete B. unusual C. unappealing D. natural
51. A. appreciated B. touched C. researched D. witnessed
52. A. painter B. designer C. author D. actor
53. A. expected B. surprised C. anxious D. ready
54. A. room B. kitchen C. hall D. garden
55. A. apparently B. confidently C. eventually D. temporarily
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
57. A. collected B. cleaned C. framed D. studied
58. A. suitably B. actually C. rightly D. specifically
59. A. girl B. artist C. family D. police
60. A. copies B. originals C. models D. presents
【答案】41-45 CADBA 46-50 ADDCB 51-55 CABDC 56-60 ADBCB
【导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。
41. C。attach参加allocate分配expose暴露submit上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境。
42. A。delay推迟。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作。
43. D。attend参加reserve保护cancel取消run进行。结合常识，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序进行拍卖。
44. B。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的。
45. A。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买。
46. A。battle竞争debate辩论discuss 讨论bargain讨价还价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境。
47. D。register注册根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画。
48. D。根据上文的the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了。
49. C。take classes上课。
50. B。concrete具体的unusual不寻常的unappealing不吸引人的natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常。
51. C。appreciate欣赏touch触摸research研究witness目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研究了画。
52. A。painter画家designer设计师author 作家actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境。
53. B。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境。
54. D。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现。
55. C。apparently明显地confidently自信地eventually 最后temporarily暂时。根据上文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字。
56. A。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它。
57. D。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog。frame制定。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”合语境，research和study同义词复现。
58. B。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog。suitably适合地actually事实上rightly正确地specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画。
59. C。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话。
60. B。copy复制品original原版model 模型present礼物。根据下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版。
2020年6月浙江卷
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I ___36___ a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its ___37___ , so I jumped out of the tractor to ___38___ it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother ___39___ , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___40___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. ___41___ Don had somehow made the ___42___move.
My heart froze in my chest as I ___43___ the tractor heading towards the ___44___ .I ran desperately but failed to _____45_____. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The _____46_____ thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I _____47_____ the fence and looked over. The tractor was _____48_____against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the _____49_____ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I _____50_____ the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently _____51_____ , and dashed back to me.
The police _____52_____ and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my _____53_____ it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been _____54_____ .Don was given a special _____55_____ that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
37. A. kids B. friends C. owner D. mother
38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into
39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously
42. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove
44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill
45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
46. A. real B. best C. basic D. last
47. A. fixed B. noticed C. reached D. closed
48. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning
49. A. sleep B. long C. rough D. busy
50. A. abandoned B. approached C. recognized D. repaired
51. A. unclean B. uncertain C. unhurt D. unhappy
52. A. arrived B. replied C. survived D. waited
53. A. ability B. dream C. luck D. idea
54. A. common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful
55. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson
36-40 BDCCA 41-45 DBABB 46-50 DCADB 51-55 CACDA
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！
36. B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。
37. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。
38. C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。
39. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。
40. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。
41. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。
42. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选
43. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。
44. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。
45. B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。
46. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的；B. best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的事情。
47. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定；B. noticed注意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。
48. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。
49. D。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。
50. B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。
51. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。
52. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知是警察到达，处理了情况。
53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。
54. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识，动物开车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选
55. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选

2020年1月浙江卷
I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood，the one about a___36___is my mother's favorite.
I was only two when the___37___occurred. We had just arrived home from a trip. Mom lifted me out of the car and ___38___to speak to the driver. I took advantage of my brief___39___to dash across the lawn(草坪)-and hit a large maple tree！I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and___40___on my backside. Mom___41___me to start crying，but I just sat there for a minute. Then I___42___myself up and kept right on going. Mom always___43___here that，as many times as I___44___across the lawn after that，I never again___45___into that tree.
Mom loves to use this story as an___46___. It reminds her that children don't enter life___47___to take risks or unwilling to___48___again when they fall down. She never wanted me to lose that___49___as I grew older. When I___50___my major life decisions，I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn. I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents' home to look for a___51___, Through years of___52___, I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students.
We are almost certain to get___53___at some point during the process of achieving our goal. When that happens，don't sit in the grass and___54___.Just get up and keep on going It will all be worth it___55___.
36. A. trip B. race C. tree D. driver
37. A. incident B. change C. illness D. problem
38. A. feared B. refused C. forgot D. turned
39. A. delay B. absence C. freedom D. rest
40. A. landed B. slept C. laughed D. wept
41. A. promised B. encouraged C. allowed D. expected
42. A. woke B. picked C. warmed D. gave
43. A. adds B. replies C. admits D. supposes
44. A. drove B. lived C. stood D. zoomed
45. A. crashed B. broke C. climbed D. looked
46. A. answer B. example C. excuse D. order
47. A. able B. ashamed C. afraid D. anxious
48. A. ask B. share C. learn D. try
49. A. honesty B. toughness C. kindness D. curiosity
50. A. regretted B. reviewed C. made D. explained
51. A. job B. friend C. fortune D. house
52. A. memories B. efforts C. research D. experience
53. A. mixed up B. fed up C. knocked down D. settled down
54. A. play B. relax C. dream D. cry
55. A. all at once B. in the end C. in either case D. as a result
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者两岁时趁母亲不注意，在草坪上快速跑过时撞到了一棵树，作者没有哭，只是坐了一分钟然后自己站起来继续前进。这个故事也激励着作者一直保持韧性，最终通过努力成为了一位老师。作者想要告诉我们，在实现目标的过程中，我们几乎肯定会在某个时刻被打倒，但是只要不放弃最后都会是值得的。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我童年早期的所有故事中，关于一棵树的故事是我母亲最喜欢的。A. trip旅行；B. race赛事；C. tree树木；D. driver司机。结合后文讲述作者小时候撞到一颗枫树的故事，可推知母亲最喜欢讲述的故事是关于这棵树的。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次事件出现时我只有两岁。A. incident事件；B. change改变；C. illness疾病；D. problem问题。结合下文讲述故事的经过可知此处是指事情发生在作者两岁时。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈把我抱出车外，转过身去和司机说话。A. feared害怕；B. refused拒绝；C. forgot忘记；D. turned转向。结合后文to speak to the driver可知作者的妈妈转过身去和司机说话，没有注意到作者。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我利用短暂的自由冲过草坪，撞到了一棵大枫树！A. delay延迟；B. absence缺席；C. freedom自由；D. rest休息。结合上文作者的母亲在和司机说话，没有注意到作者，因此作者利用母亲不注意的短暂自由，撞到了一棵大枫树。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跑得太快了，撞在树干上，仰面着地。A. landed降落；着陆；B. slept睡觉；C. laughed大笑；D. wept哭泣。结合后文on my backside作者撞到了树干，仰面着地。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈预计我要哭了，但我只是在那里坐了一分钟。A. promised承诺；B. encouraged鼓励；C. allowed允许；D. expected期待；预料。结合后文me to start crying可知母亲预料作者会哭。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我自己站了起来，继续前进。A. woke唤醒；B. picked挑选；C. warmed温暖；D. gave给予。结合后文myself up and kept right on going可知作者重站起来，继续前进。短语pick oneself up“跌倒后起来；振作精神”。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈总是在这里补充说，在那之后，尽管我快速冲过草坪很多次，我再也没有撞到那棵树。A. adds添加；补充；B. replies回复；C. admits承认；D. supposes认为。结合后文的叙述可知，母亲是在对之后发生的事情进行补充。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我快速冲过草坪很多次，我再也没有撞到那棵树。A. drove驾驶；B. lived居住；C. stood站立；D. zoomed疾行。结合上文to dash across the lawn-and hit a large maple tree！可知此处是指后来作者快速冲过草坪很多次。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我快速冲过草坪很多次，我再也没有撞到那棵树。A. crashed碰撞；坠落；B. broke打破；C. climbed攀爬；D. looked看着。结合后文into that tree可知是虽然后来也穿过草坪很多次，但作者再也没有撞上那棵树。短语crash into“撞上”。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈喜欢用这个故事作为例子。A. answer答案；B. example例子；C. excuse借口；D. order命令。结合第一段中提到的作者妈妈总是爱讲这棵树的故事，可知妈妈是将这棵树的故事作为提醒自己的一个例子。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提醒她，孩子进入生活时，不会害怕冒险，也不会在跌倒时不愿再尝试。A. able能干的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. afraid害怕的；D. anxious焦急的。结合上文作者趁着妈妈不注意快速冲过草坪可知，孩子们并不害怕冒险。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提醒她，孩子进入生活时，不会害怕冒险，也不会在跌倒时不愿再尝试。A. ask询问；B. share分享；C. learn学会；D. try尝试。结合上文作者在撞到树后，只是坐了一分钟又自己站起来继续前进，可知孩子在跌倒时不会不愿意再次尝试。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不希望我长大后失去那种韧性。A. honesty诚实；B. toughness坚韧；C. kindness善良；D. curiosity好奇心。这种遇到挫折还继续前进的精神是一种韧性。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做出人生重大决定时，我还是那个全速跑过草坪的小女孩。A. regretted遗憾；B. reviewed复习；C. made做；D. explained解释。结合后文my major life decisions可知是做人生的重大决定。短语make a decision“做决定”。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我出国留学，后来离开父母的家去找工作。A. job工作；B. friend朋友；C. fortune财富；D. house房子。结合后文作者成为了老师可知是离开父母的家去找工作。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，我已经成为了一名受人尊敬的老师。A. memories记忆；B. efforts努力；C. research研究；D. experience经历。结合第一段可知作者看不见，因此付出了许多年的努力才成为一名老师。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在实现目标的过程中，我们几乎肯定会在某个时刻被打倒。A. mixed up混合；B. fed up养壮；C. knocked down撞倒；D. settled down定居；解决。此处作者作出总结，人生总会有遇到像撞到树上那样，被打倒的时刻。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，不要坐在草地上哭泣。A. play玩耍；B. relax放松；C. dream梦想；D. cry哭泣。结合后文Just get up and keep on going可知作者认为当遇到不如意的时候，不要坐在草地上哭泣，而是应该站起来继续前进。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：到最后一切都会是值得的。A. all at once突然；B. in the end最后；C. in either case不论发生何种情况；D. as a result结果。结合作者的人生经历可知，遇到挫折只要不放弃继续前行，最后一切都会是值得的。故选B。
2020年北京卷
My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.
On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all____11____at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we____12____. This is one of the busiest walking streets.
After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder____13____that nowhere could he find his backpack, which____14____his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough____15____we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
Ponder has never____16____anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision（指导）for managing his____17____.
He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive____18____, "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very____19____.
Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I_____20_____him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_____21_____.
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black_____22_____there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not_____23_____what it was or if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too_____24_____because that may not be it," I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was_____25_____there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could_____26_____it.
I literally_____27_____when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle（奇迹）". In my wildest_____28_____, I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect_____29_____for a child in losing something important…to lose it and feel the full_____30_____of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.
11. A. drove B. hiked C. met D. united
12. A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept
13. A. responded B. recognized C. realised D. recalled
14. A. contained B. combined C. comprised D. covered
15. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search
16. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted
17. A. emotion B. time C. money D. stuff
18. A. tears B. fists C. reliefs D. outbreaks
19. A. hesitant B. curious C. sad D. eager
20. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught
21. A. worn out B. caught up C. put away D. turned in
22. A. hiding B. sitting C. swinging D. flowing
23. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict
24. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused
25. A. already B. even C. almost D. still
26. A. take B. see C. touch D. protect
27. A. panicked B. exploded C. collapsed D. cried
28. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions
29. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot
30. A. range B. pressure C. weight D. harvest
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿子丢失背包，五六个小时过后，背包在丢失的地方被找到了，这让作者真正意识到了人性信仰的伟大。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. drove开车；B. hiked徒步旅行；C. met遇见、集合；D. united团结。由上文的we all went to the market right in the middle of the town可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市，集市会很拥挤繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以约定好在桥边的喷泉边集合。故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. landed着陆；B. left离开；C. settled定居；D. slept睡觉。由上文的Near the end可知，作者一家要结束今天行程了，此处指孩子在喷泉里涉水，直到他们离开。故选B项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. responded回答；B. recognized认出；C. realised意识到；D. recalled回忆。由下文的nowhere could he find his backpack和下文到处找背包可知，庞德意识到他找不到他的背包了。故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. contained包含；B. combined结合；C. comprised包括；D. covered覆盖。contain 指所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容，强调包容关系，既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西；comprise暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，强调“由许多部分构成一个整体”。由本处语境可知，庞德找不到他的背包，背包里包含他的游戏机和手表，背包和游戏机及手表不是一个整体，是包容关系，应用contain。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底搜查，我们断定他一定是把它落在喷泉边了。A. preparation准备；B. checkup检查；C. revision修订；D. search搜寻。由下文的we determined that he must have left it at the fountain可知，作者他们断定庞德一定是把它落在喷泉边了，说明他们肯定经过了彻底搜查。故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：庞德从未丢失过任何东西。A. wasted浪费；B. lost丢失；C. sough作沙沙声；D. deserted抛弃。由下文语境可知，作者他们认为庞德不需要人来监督管理自己的东西，是因为庞德从未丢失过任何东西，他们相信庞德，才不监督管理庞德的东西，前后句是因果关系。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们就想当然地认为他不需要人来监督管理他的东西。A. emotion情绪；B. time时间；C. money金钱；D. stuff东西。由上文语境可知，庞德从未丢失过任何东西，作者他们相信庞德，所以他们才不监督管理庞德的东西。故选D项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但是爸爸，”他流眼泪说，他们不再做那种手表了。A. tears眼泪；B. fists拳头；C. reliefs放松；D. outbreaks暴发。由上文的He was upset和下文的they don't make that kind of watch anymore可知，庞德很难过，因为这种手表不再生产，他难过的流眼泪了。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很伤心。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. curious好奇的；C. sad悲伤的；D. eager渴望的。由上文语境可知，庞德难过的流眼泪了，作为父母的作者，肯定也感到伤心。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. promised承诺；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. taught教。由下文的we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been____11__可知，作者承诺了庞德他们会尽力寻找背包，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察。故选A项。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. worn out磨损；B. caught up赶上；C. put away收起；D. turned in上交。由上文的but we would also find the police可知，作者找警察是想问有没有人把背包上交到警察局。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. hiding躲藏；B. sitting被放在；C. swinging摇摆；D. flowing流动。由下文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，黑色的东西在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，此处指一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. assess评价；B. declare宣布；C. tell分辨；D. predict预料。由上文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，被放在喷泉那儿的黑色的东西就在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，作者无法分辨黑色的东西是不是女人的。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要太激动，因为可能不是你的背包。A. excited兴奋的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. relaxed放松的；D. amused好笑的。由上文的"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted可知，庞德看到一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿，大叫起来，说明他很兴奋。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们离开喷泉已经有五六个小时了，背包还在那儿。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. almost几乎；D. still仍然、还。由下文的when we reached it and it was his可知，作者他们找到了背包，说明五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面没有身份证，看上去好像有人看过，然后把它放在所有人都能看到的地方。A. take拿；B. see看；C. touch摸；D. protect保护。由上文的There was no ID in it和then set it right out可知，包里没有身份证，有人把身份证放在外面，是为了让人看到，辨认身份。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的哭了，当我们到达它那里，黑色的东西是他的！A. panicked恐慌；B. exploded爆炸；C. collapsed坍塌；D. cried哭。由上文语境可知，作者从未相信人性信仰的伟大，发现五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者感动得哭了。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我最疯狂的梦里，我从来没有想到现在会发生这种事。A. dreams梦想；B. claims声明；C. efforts努力；D. passions热情。由上文语境和下文的I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays可知，五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者做梦都未想到这种事会发生。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. mode模式；B. lesson教训；C. option选择；D. plot情节。由下文语境可知，让孩子失去重要的东西，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它，这可以给孩子一个教训（让孩子珍视自己拥有的东西）。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. range范围；B. pressure压力；C. weight重量；D. harvest收获。由上文语境可知，庞德丢失背包后，难过得哭了，说明这种失去的“重量”让他无法承受，所以他伤心。故选C项。
〖2019年高考真题题组〗
2019·全国II卷
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers 41 about the small dog he had seen 42 alongside the road. He had 43 to coax（哄）the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44 .
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45 dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46 . After a long and careful 47 . Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 . It just started licking（舔）Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.
Jeff had 54 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched 55 for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 56 enough to go to that kind of 57 ,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 58 .
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59 to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be 60 to go that extra mile.”
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
46. A. home B. past C. back D. on
47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search
48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded
51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car
52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered
53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured
54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns
57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme
58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close
60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers在打猎时在路边发现一只走失的小狗，他想哄它到自己身边来，但未能成功。回家后，Ehlers还是很担心这只狗，四天后他和朋友一起出去找到这只狗，并最终帮它找到了主人。
41.考查动词词义辨析。A. read阅读；B. forgot忘记；C. thought想，思考；D. heard听到。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，故选C。
42.考查动词词义辨析。A. fighting战斗；B. trembling发抖；C. eating吃；D. sleeping睡觉。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，故选B。
43.考查动词词义辨析。A. tried尝试，努力。；B. agreed同意；C. promised承诺；D. regretted后悔，遗憾。根据下文可知，他在尽力哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。
44.考查动词短语辨析。A. calmed down冷静下来；B. stood up站起来；C. rolled over翻滚；D. run off跑开。他在尽力哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了。故选D。
45.考查形容词词义辨析。A. injured受伤的；B. stolen偷走的；C. lost丢失的；D. rescued获救的。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46.考查副词词义辨析。A. home家；B. past过去的，从前的；C. back向后，回原处；D. on作用中，行动中。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，故选C。
47.考查名词词义辨析。A. preparation预备；准备；B. explanation解释；C. test测试；D. search寻找。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，故选D。
48.考查副词词义辨析。A. cautiously慎重地，谨慎地；B. casually随便地；偶然地；C. skillfully巧妙地；精巧地；D. angrily生气地。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear等词并结合上文，并根据下文Ehlers最终成功安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心。故选A。
49.考查名词词义辨析。A. surprise惊奇；B. joy开心，快乐；C. hesitation犹豫；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，故选B。
50.考查动词词义辨析。A. predicted预言，预知；B. advertised做广告；C. believed相信；D. recorded记录。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的。故选B。
51.考查名词词义辨析。A. house房屋；B. phone电话；C. street街道；D. car汽车。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，故选B。
52.考查动词词义辨析。A. called打电话；B. copied复制，复印；C. counted计算；D. remembered记得。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，故选A。
53.考查动词词义辨析。A. fed喂养；B. adopted收养；C. found找到；D. cured治愈。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，故选C。
54.考查动词词义辨析。A. hunted打猎；B. skied飞涨；C. lived生活；D. worked工作。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，故选A。
55.考查介词短语辨析。A. on purpose有目的地，故意地；B. on time准时；C. in turn反过来；转而；D. in vain徒劳。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，故选D。
56.考查动词词义辨析。A. cares关心；B. sees看到；C. suffers遭受；D. learns获知。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，故选A。
57.考查名词词义辨析。A. place地方；B. trouble麻烦；C. waste浪费；D. extreme极端。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，故选B。
58.考查名词词义辨析。A. service服务；B. plan计划；C. effort努力；D. team团队。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，故选C。
59.考查形容词词义辨析。A. equal相等的；B. allergic对……过敏的；C. grateful感谢的；D. close紧密的；亲密的；亲近的。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我亲近我的狗一样亲近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样。故选D。
60.考查形容词词义辨析。A. suitable适当的；相配的；B. proud自豪的；C. wise聪明的；D. willing乐意的。句意：我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知，此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情，大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙，be willing to do乐意做某事。故选D。
2019·全国卷III
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 41 six months out of the year.
Of course, we 42 it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a 44 day.”
But that 45 when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 47 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town’s central 51 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 55 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 58 residents.
"It's not very 59 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 60 .”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【答案】41. C42. D43. B44. A45. B46. C47. C48. D49. B50. A51. C52. A53. D54. A55. B56. C57. B58. D59. A60. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此当地政府在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场，让民众享受到自然的阳光。
41.考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it’s darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色的，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high高的；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it’s darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故推知为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。put sth to use把某物投入使用。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51.考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56.考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思是说并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句表达新的光线对小镇人们的意义不仅仅是提供光线，前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting等待；C. watching观看；D. sharing分享。大家一起分享就足够了，故选D。
2019·北京卷
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___11___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started ___12___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___13___ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's ___15___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students ___16___ call him “Grandpa”.
Tina Stern ___17___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in ___19___ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually ___20___ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things."
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the ___22___ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes ___23___ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson is there to ___24___ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ___25___ to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely ___26___ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to ___27___ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has ___28___ them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ___29___. “I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's such a(n) ___30___ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."
11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing
12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering
13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered
14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. conversations
15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations
16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already
17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded
18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication
19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious
20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers
21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme
23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards
24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warm
25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates
26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate
27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange
28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced
29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment
30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
【11题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. linking连接；B. sending寄送； C. offering提供；D. distributing分配。根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故C选项正确。
【12题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. donating 捐献，捐赠；B. lending借出；C. delivering发表，投递；D. volunteering自愿。根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故D选项正确。
【13题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. paved铺设，安排；B. covered行走，覆盖；C. measured测量，判断；D. wandered 徘徊，漫步。Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。故B选项正确。
【14题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. arguments争论；B. interviews接见，采访；C. negotiations谈判；D. conversations谈话。 Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈”，故D选项正确。
【15题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. met 遇见；B. driven驾车，开车；C. addressed从事，忙于，写地址；D. greeted问候，迎接。根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”， drive意为“驾车送（人）”。故B选项正确。
【16题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. even甚至；B. ever永远，曾经；C. once一次，曾经；D. already已经。这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故A选项正确。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. earned获得；B. received收到；C. assessed评估；D. demanded要求。根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿获得免费的乘车机会。故B选项正确。
【18题详解】
考查名词辨析。A .transportation 运输，运送；B. style风格，类型；C. time时间，次数；D. communication交流。对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation意为“运送”。故A选项正确。
【19题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. forced强迫的；B. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的；C. ridiculous可笑的；D. suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的。Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。” 坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故B选项正确。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A .selects选择；B. recites 背诵；C. guesses猜测；D. remembers记住，记得。每次坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故D选项正确。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. act on对……起作用；B. settle on定居，决定；C. check on检查，核实；D. agree on对……取得一致意见。在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候， Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. club俱乐部；B. league联盟，社团；C. college大学；D. programme项目，计划。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作了一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。根据上句中的“student-support programme”可知，D选项正确。
【23题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. far远地；B. around到处；C. beyond更远处，超过；D. forwards向前。结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____ them. If they run out of…If a student gets hungry…”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故C选项正确。
24题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. assist帮助；B. watch观看；C. urge强烈要求；D. warm使温暖。如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题）。故A选项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. expects期望；B. attempts试图；C. manages经营，设法；D. hesitates犹豫。从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故D选项正确。
【26题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. extra额外的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. necessary必需的；D. adequate充足的，适当的。根据下文中“Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others….For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。故C选项正确。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. share分享；B. fuel加燃料；C. repair修理；D. exchange交换。有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。故A选项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. required需要；B. allowed允许；C. reminded提醒，使想起；D. convinced说服，使信服。乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用allow sb. to do sth.。故B选项正确。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. experience经历，经验；B. arrangement安排；C. appreciation欣赏，感激；D. employment 雇用，使用。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。A选项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. effort努力；B. ambition雄心，志向；C. privilege荣幸，特权，优待；D. convenience 方便，便利。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故C选项正确。
2019·浙江卷
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually， the ___36___ the idea is， the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one ___37___ Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving ___38___ on discarded(丢弃)food. The three-month， 1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s ___39___ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can ___40___， the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___41___ tons of food each year， much of it remains inaccessible because of ___42___ garbage containers， health regulations， or business policies. Only about one in ten places ___43___ him food that would otherwise be discarded.
For legal ___44___， most restaurants have a policy against ___45___ food waste. "Some people have even ___46___ their jobs by giving me food，" Dubanchet said.
What's ___47___ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the ___48___ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There， he had to ___49___ at some ___50___ different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the ___51___ exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
"I have to get food ___52___ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ___53___，"
Dubanchet explained. "Is my ___54___ full or empty? That is the most important thing， not what I am eating."
He aims to ___55___ his journey by mid-July. With any luck， he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
36. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler
37. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking
38. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably
39. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream
40. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember
41. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away
42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
43. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold
44. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids
45. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing
46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
47. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely
48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
49. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump
50. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge
51. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable
52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast
53. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort
54. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket
55. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意，Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。
36. C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据Usually， the 36 the idea is， the more it gets noticed.可知这里意思是通常，这个观点越奇怪，它就会越受到关注。A. cleverer更聪明的；B. older更老的；C. stranger更奇怪；D. simpler更简单的，故选C。
37. A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe， surviving 38 on discarded(丢弃) food.可知这里意思是那就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。A. garbage-eating吃垃圾的；B. sports-loving爱好体育的；C. food-wasting浪费食物的； D. law-breaking破坏法律的，故选A。
38. C 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。A.secretly 秘密地；B. finally 最后；C. entirely完全地；D. probably很可能，故选C。
39. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：从巴黎到华沙历时三个月、1900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起欧洲和全世界对食物残羹注意的道路。A.purpose目的；B.way道路；C.opinion意见；D. dream梦想，故选B。
40. B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：你可以想象，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。A. observe观察；B. imagine想象；C. suggest建议；D. remember记得，故选B。
41. D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，很多食物仍然难以接近。A . store存储；B.cook做饭；C. shop for购买某物；D. throw away扔掉，故选D。
42.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据it remains inaccessible可知这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。A.locked上锁的；B . damaged被损坏的；C.connected连接的；D. abandoned被抛弃的，故选A。
43. B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物，否则就会被丢弃。A.bought买；B. offered提供；C . ordered命令；D. sold销售，故选B。
44. A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止浪费食物的政策。A.reasons原因；B. rights权利；C.fees费用；D. aids援助，故选A。
45.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。A. begging for乞求； B. giving away分发；C . hiding隐藏；D. causing造成，故选B。
46. D 【解析】考查动词辨析。上文说由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。可知这里意思是有些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。A.did做；B. kept保持；C.accepted接受；D. risked冒…的危险，故选D。
47. C 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事件的态度。A.hardly几乎不；B. usually 通常；C . particularly特别是；D . merely仅仅，故选C。
48. A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.可知这里意思是柏林是最容易的。A.easiest最容易的；B . nearest最近的；C . biggest最大的；D. richest最富有的，故选A。
49. C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，他必须在大约50家不同的商店或餐馆询问，才能找到食物。A.work工作；B. shout 呼喊；C.ask询问；D. jump跳跃，故选C。
50. D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。A. competition竞赛；B. conversation会话；C. conflict冲突；D. challenge挑战，故选D。
51. C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。A. adequate充足的；B. rewarding有益的；C. demanding要求高的；D. suitable适当的，故选C。
52.D 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：我必须快点吃东西，因为骑了那么多自行车，我累了，我需要能量。A.again再一次；B. alone独自地；C . later后来；D. fast迅速地，故选D。
53. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据because after all the biking I am tired可知我需要能量。A.spirit精神；
B . energy能量；C.time时间；D. effort努力，故选B。
54.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据That is the most important thing， not what I am eating.可知这里意思是我的胃是满的还是空的。A. stomach胃；B. hand手；C. pocket口袋；D. basket篮子，故选A。
55. D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据With any luck， he'll tum a few more heads in the process.可知这里意思是他计划在七月中旬结束他的旅行。A.arrange安排；B . restart重新开始；C. report报告；D. finish结束，故选D。