专题05 非谓语动词：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题05 非谓语动词（解析版）
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
1.（2023新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
答案: to bite。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
2.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
答案:recognized。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
3.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案：to be lifted。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
4.（2023新高考I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45 (want) more next time.
答案：wanting。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
5.（2023新高考II卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
答案：visiting。
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
6.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
答案：to teach。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
7.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案：borrowing。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
8.（2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
答案：intended。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
9.（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
答案：built。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
10.（2023全国乙卷） 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
答案：Having visited。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
11.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
答案：recording。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
12.（2023全国乙卷）She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use.
答案：washing改为wash。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她直接走进淋浴间去洗，但是没有用。此处不定式表目的，应用动词原形。故washing改为wash。
13.（2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
答案：surrounded。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
1.（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3.（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
答案：to falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4.（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
6.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
7.（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
8.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
9.（2022浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
答案：astonished
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
10.（2021全国甲卷）I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.
答案：talk前面加to; stay改为staying。
考查非谓语动词。句意：我不愿意和他交谈，经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定。be willing to do意思为：愿意做，为固定短语。故在talk前面加to。of为介词，后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故将stay改为staying。
11.（2021全国甲卷）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it.
答案：what改为how。
考查副词。句意：这分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。此处为“疑问副词+不定式”结构来做动词knew的宾语。结合句意，此处表达“如何解决它”，settle it为动宾关系，此处缺少方式状语，用how。故将what改为how。
12. (2022天津卷) ________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
A. To be kept B. Kept C. To keep D. Keeping
答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动，James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了”表示目的，所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。
13. (2022天津卷) The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again.
A. allowing B. being allowed
C. having allowed D. having been allowed
答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常，使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是have returned，allow用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
1.（2021新高考I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
答案：astonished
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
2.（2021全国II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food.
答案：thinking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
3.（2021全国II卷）I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.
答案：to educate
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
4.（2021全国II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
答案：excited
解析：考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
5.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案：to walk
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
6.（2021全国甲卷）After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.
答案：spending
解析：考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
7.（2021全国乙卷）Minimize the impact of _________(visit)the place.
答案：visiting
解析：考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
8.（2021全国乙卷）Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案：to have
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
9.（2021浙江卷）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
答案：to plant
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
10.（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案：studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
11.（2021浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____ ____ (live) in the countryside, including (lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
12.（2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案：caused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
13.（2021北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ________(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．
答案：resulting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
14.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案：to invest
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
15.（2021全国乙卷）Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
答案： talk改为talking。
解析：句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
〖2020年高考真题题组〗
1.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2.（2020全国II卷）They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
答案：coming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
3.（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
4.（2020全国II卷）They are easy ___________ (care) for and make great presents.
答案：to care
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
5.（2020全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth。，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
6. （2020全国III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
答案：surrounding
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
7.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years___ ___(break) down.
答案：to break
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
8.（2020北京卷）A piece of stone___ ___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
答案：found
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
9.（2020浙江卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _________ (change) lives.
答案：to change
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
10. （2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ______ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
11.（2020浙江卷1月）The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
12.（2020浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
答案：compared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。
13.（2020山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves) living at a different time in history or __________(walk)through a rainforest.
答案：walking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
14.（2020全国I卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.
答案：frying改为fried。
解析：句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
15.（2020全国I卷）My mom told me how to preparing it.
答案：preparing改为prepare。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
16.（2020全国III卷） I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
答案：forced 后面加to。
解析：be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。
〖2019年高考真题题组〗
1.（2019全国I卷）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
答案：to perform
解析：考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
2.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
答案：noting
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
3.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___________（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
答案：being
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
4.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
答案：to retire
解析：考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
5.（2019全国II卷）When we got a call ___________（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
答案：saying
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
6.（2019全国III卷）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there.
答案：to get
解析：考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
7.（2019全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：listening
解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
8.（2019浙江卷）But some students didn’t want _________(wear) the uniform.
答案：to wear
解析：考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
9.（2019北京卷）Nervously ___ ___(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
答案：facing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
10.（2019北京卷）Earth Day, __________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
答案：marked
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
11.（2019全国II卷）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
答案：say改为saying。
解析：考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
12.（2019全国III卷）I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
答案：opens改为open。
解析：考查不定式的用法。不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。
13.（2019全国III卷）I want my cafe have a special theme such as "Tang Dynasty".
答案：have前加to。
解析：考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth想要某人做某事。故在have前加to。
14.（2019全国III卷）If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
答案：manage改为managing。
解析：考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
15.（2018全国I卷）You don't have to run fast or for long ____________(see) the benefit.
答案：to see
解析：考查不定式。作目的状语，所以用不定式。
16.（2018全国I卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early by running.
答案：dying
解析：考查动名词。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。
17.（2018全国I卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____________(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案：strengthen
解析：考查非谓语动词。作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形。
18.（2018全国II卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality.
答案：to improve
解析：考查不定式。作目的状语用不定式。
19.（2018全国II卷）China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
答案：feeding
解析：考查现在分词。句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
20.（2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
答案：looking/challenged
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：avoid doing sth避免做某事；第二空：feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。
21.（2018全国III卷）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch.
答案：to stay
解析：考查不定式。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。
22.（2018年浙江卷）I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years
答案：to stay
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
23.(2018·北京)_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. Having traveled D. Traveled
答案：B
解析：考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
24.(2018·北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share
C. having shared D. shared
答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
25.（2018· 北京）Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use
C. using D. use
答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。