2022北京怀柔高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2022北京怀柔高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了 考生要认真填写姓名和考号， 本试卷共10页，分为三部分， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京怀柔高二（上）期末
英 语
注意事项：
1. 考生要认真填写姓名和考号。
2. 本试卷共10页，分为三部分。考试时间90分钟，满分100分。
3. 试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡的对应位置，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答；书面表达部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4. 考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My First Job
I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the fields of Eufaula, Okla. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He gave me a cent for every nail I ___1___ out of old boards.
I got my first ___2___ job at JM’s Restaurant in town, when I was 12. My main responsibility (职责) were ___3___ tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.
Every day after school I would ___4___ to JM’s and work until ten. Even on Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was difficult going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didn’t necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my ___5___ I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local Taste Freeze. This made me ___6___.
Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town. A local clothing store offered me credit (赊帐) ___7___ I was only in seventh grade. I immediately charged a $68 sports coat and a $22 pair of shoes. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I already owed the storekeeper $90! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it ___8___ as soon as I could.
My first job taught me self-control, responsibility and brought me a ___9___ of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, “If you ____10____ sacrifice and responsibility, there are not many things in life you can’t have.” How right he was!
1. A. pulled B. put C. picked D. pressed
2. A. usual B. real C. main D. particular
3. A. sweeping B. packing C. clearing D. emptying
4. A. move B. turn C. change D. head
5. A. study B. power C. job D. age
6. A. proud B. friendly C. lucky D. hopeful
7. A. since B. while C. if D. although
8. A. out B. over C. away D. off
9. A. point B. level C. part D. sign
10. A. understand B. demand C. offer D. fear
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Living in a city can be stressful. But people in Bogota, Colombia have found a place to help ease stress and get a ___11___ (peace) break from busy life. The place is a ___12___ (protect) park for hummingbirds (蜂鸟).
The park is at the top of Montserrat Hill. The area ___13___ (contain) a forest which has turned into a quiet place for both people and birds. As the hummingbirds fly from flower to flower, some people take pictures with cameras or phones.
B
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I can well remember the first time I was asked to deliver a speech before the whole class. You can imagine how shy I was with so many eyes fixed ___14___ me. Drafting the speech was a piece of cake for me, but the difficult part lay in oral ___15___ (present). The real moment began when I stood on the stage with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, ___16___ (deliver) the speech without difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it!
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over the past few years, the Chinese market of mobile payment ___17___ (witness) a booming development. With the emergency of the mobile internet, smartphone shopping has ___18___ (gradual) become trendy, especially with the 18 to 30-year-olds ___19___ make up the lion’s share in the mobile payment market. Since it is so convenient to pay with a smartphone while shopping, many consumers prefer ___20___ (pay) by their phone rather than by cash or credit card.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.
I walked to the door and knocked. “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice.
After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.
I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It’s nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”
“Oh, you’re such a good man,” she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”
“It’s not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.
“Oh, I’m in no hurry,” she said. “I’m on my way to a hospice (临终医院). I don’t have any family left. The doctor says I don’t have very long.”
I quietly reached over and shut off the meter (计价器).
For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.
Sometimes she’d ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.
At dawn, she suddenly said, “I’m tired. Let’s go now.”
We drove in silence to the address she had given me.
“How much do I owe you?” she asked.
“Nothing,” I said.
“You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.
Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto me tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”
21. The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to ________.
A. show she was familiar with the city
B. see some places for the last time
C. let the driver earn more money
D. reach the destination on time
22. The taxi driver did not charge the old woman because he ________.
A. wanted to do her a favor
B. shut off the meter by mistake
C. had received her payment in advance
D. was in a hurry to take other passengers
23. What can we learn from the story?
A. Giving is always a pleasure.
B. People should respect each other.
C. An act of kindness can bring people great joy.
D. People should learn to appreciate others’ concern.
B
Writing across Time
When students today need to take notes, they simply reach for their ballpoint pens. For students in the past, writing instruments were not so convenient.
Quill pens

Quill pens were made from large bird feathers. Students sharpened the quills with knives and then dipped them into pots of ink to write. The points needed constant re-sharpening and each dip of the quill provided only enough ink to write one word. Besides these problems, drops of ink often stained the page. Yet, people used quill pens for more than a thousand years. Can you imagine writing with a quill pen?
Brush pens

Chinese students traditionally used brush pens to practice writing characters. Unlike quill pens, brush pens had soft bristles that made smooth lines. Students dipped their brush pens in a pool of ink on an inkstone and then wrote.
Chalk
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, when paper was not easily available, chalk was widely used in classrooms. Teachers wrote with chalk on blackboards while students practiced writing and maths on their own slates (石板).
Fountain pens

Fountain pens were the first pens that stored ink inside, from where it flowed through the metal tip or nib (笔尖) for writing. In the 19th century, they finally replaced quills on school desks. However, even with fountain pens, ink still often spilt out, leaving stains everywhere.
Ballpoint pens
Early ballpoint pens leaked and wrote poorly. Three inventors took almost sixty years to finally solve these problems in the early 1950s. Today two of them, Hungarian journalist Josef Laszlo Biro and French Baron Bich, are known for making the ballpoint pen cheap and reliable. Biro and Bic pens are still hugely popular and useful today.
24. The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. the origins of writing instruments B. the quality of writing instruments
C. the development of writing instruments D. the materials of writing instruments
25. What pens were the first to keep ink inside?
A. Quill pens. B. Brush pens.
C. Ballpoint pens. D. Fountain pens.
26. Biro and Bic pens ______.
A. save ink and paper B. cost less and work well
C. leak when used D. write poorly
27. The author writes the passage to ______.
A. provide information B. give advice
C. offer an opinion D. tell a story
C
Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch (更换). Thus, he 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence”, while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
28. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. babies’ sense of sight B. effects of experiments on babies
C. different tests on babies’ feelings D. babies’ understanding of objects
29. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______.
A. keeps its shape B. still exists
C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach
30. What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair. B. A film.
C. A screen. D. A box.
31. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.
D. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
32. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep more easily
B. were more anxious
C. were less active
D. woke up later
33. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A. It’s been tested on mice for ten times.
B. It can make people more energetic.
C. It exists in milk in great amount.
D. It’s used in sleeping drugs.
34. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Night Milk and Sleep
B. Fat, Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment on Mice
D. Milk Drinking and Health
35. How does the author support the theme of the text?
A. By giving examples.
B. By stating arguments.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By providing research results.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Public Speaking Training
●Get a coach
___36___ so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.
●Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well. ___37___, so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.
●___38___
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. ___39___. As far as we’re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.
●You are a special person not a clone
Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. ___40___. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you’re not.
A. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
B. The one thing you don’t want is for them to fall asleep
C. Whatever the speech, public speaking is tough
D. Cheek the rules about dos and don’ts
E. Turn your back on too many rules
F. You already do lots of things well
G. You aren’t like anybody else
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，30分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第41、42、43小题各2分，第44小题4分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. But Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. He kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973.
Some of Picasso’s paintings are rich, soft, colored and beautiful. Others are ugly and cruel and strange. But such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves. They force us to say to ourselves, “What does he see that makes him paint like that?” And we begin to look beneath the surface of the things we see. Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles. Sometimes he painted the natural look of things. Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. He showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eye sees. At the age of 90, he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young. That is why people have called him “the youngest painter in the world”.
41. What’s the passage mainly about?（不多于5个词）
42. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? At times, things in some of his pictures seemed to be in disorder.
43. Why do people call Picasso “the youngest painter in the world”?
44. What can you learn from this passage?(about 40 words)
第二节（共1小题，20分）
45. 根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。
假如你是李华，你们学校下周将举办“校园读书节”系列活动，你想邀请英国交换生Jim一起参加活动。请根据下面提供的信息，给Jim写封E-mail，介绍活动情况，并询问他是否参加。
短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Activities:
·exchange books
·attend lectures on Chinese literature
·take part in Chinese poetry reading competition
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章向我们讲述了自己如何参加工作，如何挣钱，如何交友的经历，并认为只要有奉献和责任，生活中就没有多少事做不成。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从旧木板上拔出一颗钉子，他就给我一分钱。A. pulled拉、拔；B. put放；C. picked挑出；D. pressed压。根据上文的“every nail”和下文的“out of old boards”可知，此处表示拔出钉子，“pull out”意为拉，拖，拔出。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我12岁的时候在镇上的JM餐厅找到了第一份真正的工作。A. usual惯例性的；B. real真正的；C. main主要的；D. particular特定的。根据下文中“My main responsibility (职责) were 　　2　　　 tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.”可知，此处表述在餐厅做的是第一个真正意义的工作。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的主要职责是收拾桌子和洗碗，但有时我会帮忙做饭。A. sweeping清扫；B. packing包装；C. clearing清理；D. emptying倒空。根据下文的“washing dishes”可知，与“washing dishes”并列的活应该是清理收拾桌子。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天放学后我都会直奔JM餐厅工作到十点。A. move移动，搬动；B. turn转动；C. change改变；D. head朝……前进。结合句意可知，此处是指作者放学后直奔JM餐厅去工作，head to“直奔”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我的工作，我一直是和朋友去当地Taste Freeze时买东西的人。A. study学习；B. power能力；C. job工作；D. age年龄。根据下文的“always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local Taste Freeze”可知，此处表示因为作者有工作能挣到钱，故朋友外出总是作者付账。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我很自豪。A. proud骄傲的；B. friendly友好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. hopeful有希望的。根据上文“Because of my job was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local Taste Freeze.”可知，和朋友出去时总是作者付账，这就是工作让作者拥有的，为此作者感到骄傲。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我才七年级，但当地的一家服装店给了我赊账。A. since因为，自从；B. while当，尽管；C. if如果；D. although尽管，虽然。根据上文“Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town.”可知，作者值得信赖、工作勤奋的消息传遍了全城，此处表示作者才七年级，但当地一家服装店已同意让他赊账，although引导让步状语从句；while引导让步状语从句，且从句需位于句首，所以不能用while。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我尽快付清了。A. out出来；B. over穿过；C. away去别处；D. off离开。根据上文“So I learned early the danger of easy credit”可知，作者及早地认识到了信贷的危险，所以只要一有能力，作者便还清了债务。pay off 为固定短语，意为“偿清债务”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一份工作教会了我自制力和责任感，并给我带来了某种程度的自我满足感，这是我的朋友们很少体验到的。A. point点；B. level程度；C. part部分；D. sign标记。根据上文的“personal satisfaction”可知，此处表示某种程度的自我满足感。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你懂得牺牲和责任，生活中没有多少东西是你不能拥有的。A. understand懂得，了解。B. demand要求；C. offer提供；D. fear畏惧，担心。根据下文“there are not many things in life you can’t have”可知，此处表示你要是懂得了奉献和责任，生活中就没有多少事你做不成。故选A项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11. peaceful
12. protected
13. contains
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜂鸟公园，它为忙碌的哥伦比亚人带来宁静，帮助人们缓解压力，从繁忙的生活中得到平静的休息。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是在哥伦比亚的波哥大，人们已经找到了一个地方来帮助缓解压力，从繁忙的生活中得到一个平静的休息。修饰名词break需用形容词peaceful作定语。故填peaceful。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这里是一个保护蜂鸟的公园。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，park和protect为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词作定语。故填protected。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该地区包含了一片森林，它已经变成了一个安静的地方，无论是人类还是鸟类。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The area，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填contains。
【14~16题答案】
【答案】14. on##upon
15. presentation
16. delivering
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的一次演讲经历。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：有那么多眼睛盯着我，你可以想象我有多害羞。结合句意表达“注视着，凝视”用fix one’s on/upon sb.。故填on/upon。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：起草演讲稿对我来说是小菜一碟，但困难的部分在于口头陈述。分析可知，空处用名词作宾语，presentation“陈述”，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填presentation。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，我回过神来，顺利地发表演讲。逗号后部分为状语，故空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语I和deliver之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填delivering。
【17~20题答案】
【答案】17. has witnessed
18. gradually
19. who##that
20. to pay
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了移动支付在中国的发展。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国移动支付市场蓬勃发展。空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语Over the past few years判断为现在完成时；主语the Chinese market of mobile payment为单数，助动词用has。故填has witnessed。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：随着移动互联网的出现，智能手机购物逐渐成为时尚，尤其是在18至30岁的人群中，他们在移动支付市场占据了最大份额。修饰谓语动词has become应用副词，作状语。故填gradually。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随着移动互联网的出现，智能手机购物逐渐成为时尚，尤其是在18至30岁的人群中，他们在移动支付市场占据了最大份额。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰指人的先行词the 18 to 30-year-olds，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
【20题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：由于购物时使用智能手机付款非常方便，许多消费者更喜欢用手机付款，而不是用现金或信用卡。结合句意表达“更喜欢做某事”为prefer to do，不定式作宾语。故填to pay。
【点睛】
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文描述一个出租车司机在二十年前的一个真实的事情。一天凌晨，接待了一位老人，她的要求是穿越全城，因为她的生命就要结束了，因此是想再看一看这熟悉的地方。每到一个她熟悉的地方，她都会讲述以前的事情，最后司机并没有收费，而且还送给老人一个拥抱。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。问题：这位老妇人为什么穿越这座城市？阅读全文得知，她遇到一个熟悉的地方，就请司机慢行，并且还讲以前的事情。原因是她的生命快要结束了，她想在最后的时刻看一看这些地方，故选B项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。问题：出租车司机为什么没有向她要钱？根据最后一段中Almost without thinking, I gave her a hug(拥抱). She held on me and said, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”（几乎想也没想，我给了她一个拥抱。她对我说，“你给了一个老妇人片刻的欢乐。”）说明，司机想帮助她，故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。问题：从这个故事中我们学到了什么？通过对全文的理解，我们从中明白一点，一个善良的举动能带给人们很大的快乐，故选C项。
【24~27题答案】
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了书写工具的发展。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据小标题Quill pens (羽毛笔)，Brush pens (毛笔)，Chalk (粉笔)，Fountain pens (钢笔)和Ballpoint pens (圆珠笔)，以及相关时间词“more than a thousand years (超过1000年)”，“In the 19th and early 20th centuries (19世纪和20世纪初)”，“In the 19th century (在19世纪)”以及“in the early 1950s (在20世纪50年代初)”可知，本文主要介绍了书写工具的发展。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fountain pens部分的“Fountain pens were the first pens that stored ink inside (钢笔是最早可以在里面储存墨水的笔)”可知，钢笔是最早可以储存墨水的笔。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分的“Today two of them, Hungarian journalist Josef Laszlo Biro and French Baron Bich, are known for making the ballpoint pen cheap and reliable. Biro and Bic pens are still hugely popular and useful today. (今天，它们中的两位，匈牙利记者约瑟夫·拉兹洛·比罗和法国男爵比奇，以制造廉价可靠的圆珠笔而闻名。Biro和Bic笔在今天仍然非常流行和有用)”可知，Biro和Bic笔廉价且好用。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了书写工具的发展。由此推知，作者写作的目的是给读者提供一些书写工具的相关信息。故选A。
【28~31题答案】
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿对不同物体的理解。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid.( 成年人知道人和物体都是固体。)”和“But does a baby have this understanding?( 但是婴儿有这种理解吗？)”可知，文章主要讲述了婴儿对物体的理解。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.( 我们知道，如果我们把一个盒子放在房间里并锁上门，当我们回来时，这个盒子仍然在那里。)”可知，划线词所在句子意为“成年人也有一种物体持久性的感觉。”，“object permanence”意为着当看不见的时候，一个物体仍然存在。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen.(在他的实验中，鲍尔使用了一个在屏幕后面的玩具火车。)”可知，Bower在实验中使用了一个屏幕。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.(如果他们知道物体是固体，他们伸手去摸球的视觉影像，却发现空无一物，他们就会在脸上和动作上表现出惊讶。所有接受测试的16至24周大的婴儿都惊讶地发现，球并不在那里。)可知，宝宝们分不清球和它的视觉影像。故选C。
【32~35题答案】
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。人们都知道，晚上睡觉前喝一杯暖暖的牛奶会睡个好觉。不过一项新的研究表明，喝夜晚产的牛奶比喝白天产的牛奶更有助于睡眠。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.” 那些在喝夜晚产的牛奶的老鼠，其褪黑激素的含量是喝白天产的牛奶的老鼠的10倍，比喝白天产的牛奶的老鼠更不活跃，也不那么焦虑。可知，喝夜晚产的牛奶的老鼠相对焦虑会更少些，换言之，喝白天产的牛奶的老鼠焦虑会多些。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.”有人建议夜间难以入睡的人服用褪黑激素药物。可知，此处建议有睡眠障碍的人服用含褪黑激素的药，由此可推知，它已被用于助眠药物中。故选D项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段中的“But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.”但现在一项研究发现，如果牛奶是在晚上从奶牛身上挤奶的，它确实能帮助人们打盹；最后一段“nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.”营养学家推荐脱脂牛奶是睡前的最佳选择；同时全文内容围绕喝夜晚产的牛奶与睡眠展开。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据“But now a study has found…”，“Researchers have discovered that…”，“The study,by researchers from…”以及“Previous studies have also indicated…”可以发现文章中多次出现了研究者及其研究结果，可知，在这篇文章作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D项。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究结果的，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中的“But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.”即可找到文章中心。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【36~40题答案】
【答案】36. C 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公众演讲训练也可以参加公众演讲训练课，并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。
【36题详解】
根据下文“Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses”（由于大约有10亿家公司准备为你提供公开演讲训练和课程）以及空后“so get help”（因此，要求助）可知，公开演讲不容易，我们要寻求帮助，可以参加相关的课程。C项“无论什么样的演讲，公开演讲都很难”符合题意，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well.”（没有什么比被告知你做得不好更能伤害信心了。）和“so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.”（因此，好的公开演讲培训应该培养这些能力，而不是告诉你不应该做什么。）推知，空处应陈述培训机构应该对参加培训人进行正面积极的评价。F项“你已经把很多事情做好了”符合题意，且呼应小标题“Focus on positives”（关注积极的方面）。故选F。
【38题详解】
本题位于段首，为整段的主旨大意。根据下文“If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away!”（如果你发现一门公共演讲课程似乎会给你很多应该做和不应该做的事情，那就走吧！）可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，就不要参加，即要对条条框框说不。E项“要对条条框框说不“作为本段主旨，符合题意。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about.”（你的脑子里满是你要说的东西。）可知，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。A项“因此试图将一整套规则强行纳入其中只会使事情变得更糟”符合题意。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据小标题“You are a special person not a clone”（你是一个特别的人而不是一个克隆人）以及上文“Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one，with your own personal habits.”（最重要的是，良好的公共演讲培训应该把你当成一个特殊的人，有你自己的个人习惯。）可知，此处要说明，每个人都是与众不同的，有自己的习惯。G项“你和其他任何人都不一样”符合题意，且呼应标题。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，30分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第41、42、43小题各2分，第44小题4分，共10分）
【41~44题答案】
【答案】41. Picasso’s particular style of painting
42. Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces.
43. Because he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young at the age of 90.
44. One possible version:
From the passage I learned curiosity is the key to success.
The reason why Picasso could create rich and colorful paintings is that he remained curious about the world till his nineties. I believe keeping curious can help us get creative thinking and head for success.（46w）
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲是毕加索的绘画风格。
【41题详解】
考查主旨大意。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Some of Picasso’s paintings are rich, soft, colored and beautiful. Others are ugly and cruel and strange.（毕加索的一些画丰富、柔和、色彩艳丽。另一些是丑陋、残忍和奇怪的。）”可知，本文主要讲的是毕加索特别的绘画风格，即Picasso’s particular style of painting，故答案为Picasso’s particular style of painting。
【42题详解】
考查词句猜测。“At times, things in some of his pictures seemed to be in disorder.”的意思是“有时，他的一些画里的东西似乎是杂乱无章的”，和文章第二段的“Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces.（有时他似乎把他们分开，把碎片扔在我们面前。）”所表达的意思差不多，故答案为Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces.。
【43题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第二段的“At the age of 90, he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young. That is why people have called him “the youngest painter in the world”.（在他90岁的时候，他仍然像年轻时一样对世界充满好奇。这就是人们称他为“世界上最年轻的画家”的原因。）”可知，人们称毕加索为“世界上最年轻的画家”，是因为在他90岁时他仍然像他曾经一样对世界很好奇，故答案为Because he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young at the age of 90.。
【44题详解】
考查推理判断。通读全文，再结合个人实际后，我觉得自己从这篇文章所学到的是“好奇心是成功的关键。毕加索之所以能创作出丰富多彩的绘画作品，是因为他直到九十岁都保持着对世界的好奇心。我相信保持好奇心可以帮助我们获得创造性思维并走向成功”，故答案为From the passage I learned curiosity is the key to success. The reason why Picasso could create rich and colorful paintings is that he remained curious about the world till his nineties. I believe keeping curious can help us get creative thinking and head for success.。
第二节（共1小题，20分）
45.【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the Campus Reading Festival to be held next week in our school.
During the festival, students are welcomed to take books from home and exchange them with others to get what they want. Those who are interested in literature may attend the lectures on famous Chinese works, where they can have a discussion to share different opinions. Besides, students are encouraged to take part in the Chinese poetry reading competition, which will attract you most, I guess.
I’d like to know if you can join us. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生英国交换生Jim写封邮件，介绍学校下周将举办“校园读书节”系列活动并询问他是否参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in=participate in
得到：get→obtain
此外：besides→what’s more
鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do sth.=inspire sb. to do sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to invite you to take part in the Campus Reading Festival to be held next week in our school.
拓展句：I’m writing to invite you to take part in the Campus Reading Festival which will be held next week in our school.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
During the festival, students are welcomed to take books from home and exchange them with others to get what they want.（what引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Besides, students are encouraged to take part in the Chinese poetry reading competition, which will attract you most, I guess.（which引导非限制性定语从句）