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2022北京房山高二（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2022北京房山高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了5分, 共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京房山高二（上）期末
英 语
本试卷共10页,共100分,时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后, 将答题卡交回,试卷自行保存。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was my first time skiing and I had been persuaded to come along with a group of friends. I was wondering whether I had made a ____1____ by joining them, because they all had at least some ____2____ of skiing in the past while I had never even had a single skiing lesson.
We arrived at our destination in the afternoon and my lessons didn’t start until the following morning. There was no way I was going to stay behind and ____3____ everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me, so I grabbed my stuff and ____4____ out with them. Harriet, a member of our group, took pity on me and offered to pair up, giving me some ____5____ on how to get started.
For all of about ten metres, I fell to the ground in shame. Again to my feet, again to the floor. And so the situation continued until finally, just once, I caught my ____6____ and I was away. I daren’t move anything for fear that my run would come to an untimely end. From a few feet behind, Harriet was shouting something encouraging, trying not to ski past me and ruin my moment of ____7____. I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt ____8____.
With proper instructions, I improved quickly. Harriet was a really ____9____ teacher and I had a good experience. Winter is coming again. I can’t wait to head ____10____ to the ski resort.
1. A. mistake B. deal C. promise D. contribution
2. A. ambition B. assistance C. pressure D. experience
3. A. suggest B. watch C. help D. order
4. A. broke B. called C. went D. checked
5. A. tips B. reasons C. comments D. gifts
6. A. tear B. balance C. coat D. idea
7. A. accident B. creativity C. victory D. wildness
8. A. amazing B. boring C. disappointing D. relaxing
9. A. confident B. funny C. strange D. patient
10. A. bitterly B. curiously C. excitedly D. nervously
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, ____11____ large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is thinking about his children’s toys. These ____12____ (object) have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, ____13____ was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He ____14____ (leave) England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance ____15____ (study) various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he ____16____ (collect). As he studied these, he asked ____17____ (he) the question: how did different species come to exist?
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In most countries, ____18____ (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be ____19____ (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways? What new responsibilities will it bring? Some young people have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a ____20____ (strong) sense of social responsibilities than before.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第一节（共14小题;每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
Amazon Rainforest Tour
A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
Machu Picchu Tour
This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
Cusco Tour
Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century. Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent local food, and go shopping at the local markets.
Lake Titicaca Tour
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There, a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants from the lake.
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries — old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
21. What is special about the Machu Picchu Tour?
A. People can explore the rainforest with a local guide.
B. People can stay with a local Uros family on an island.
C. People can enjoy the plants and animals unique to the forest.
D. People can know about the Incas’ dry stone method of building.
22. Which tour would you recommend to people who enjoy local Indian culture?
A. Amazon Rainforest Tour. B. Machu Picchu Tour.
C. Cusco Tour. D. Lake Titicaca Tour.
23. Where can you most probably read the passage?
A. On a science website. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In an environmental report. D. In a biology magazine.
B
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass. I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
24. Why did the writer visit Tibet?
A. To watch the Tibetan antelopes. B. To go on a short hike from camp.
C. To see the snow-covered mountains. D. To visit their friend Zhaxi in Changtang.
25. What happened to the Tibetan antelopes in the 1980s and 1990s?
A. Their habitats disappeared. B. They were attacked by other animals.
C. They were shot by hunters for money. D. Their population dropped by less than 50 percent.
26. What can we know about the Changtang National Nature Reserve?
A. It was built by volunteers and villagers.
B. Its protection programmes have been stopped.
C. It was founded to protect the wildlife that live there.
D. Its antelopes are on the list of endangered species now.
27. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. The importance of a good lifestyle.
B. Protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves.
C. Changtang is the best place to observe Tibetan antelopes.
D. More volunteers are needed to keep the antelopes from attacks.
C
Bees have been around for over 100 million years, and in that time they have been found in almost every part of the world. There are over 20,000 species of bees. Some bees look very different to the yellow-and-black bees we’re familiar with.
Bees are important to human survival, but due to climate change and habitat destruction, their numbers are in decline. It’s a sad fact that these wonderfully adaptive insects, who’ve survived a whole host of changes since they first appeared on our planet, are now under serious threat. With around one-third of bee species in decline, it’s a critical time for us to do everything we can to support them.
It’s easy to see why the loss of bees would be catastrophic — we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat. If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.
While it may seem that we can’t do much as individuals to deal with some of these bigger issues, we can certainly work together with others to raise awareness about them and bring about change. If you’re passionate about bees, spread love. Share your knowledge — fascinating facts and a few scary statistics — and see if you can encourage your friends and family to become bee-friendly too. You could engage in a little positive bee project: explain that most bees don’t sting people, for example, or that honeybees in a swarm are simply looking for a new place to nest, they’re not out to attack.
Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details. Search information all you can about bees in your area to see what factors are affecting them locally, and look out for action groups to see if a plan is in place to help.
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most bees in a swarm will attack people.
B. About half of the planet’s bee species are declining.
C. There are over 20,000 species of yellow-and-black bees.
D. Some creatures can be affected if a bee species dies out.
29. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Limited. B. Effective. C. Renewable. D. Harmful.
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To call on people to help save bees. B. To share knowledge of beekeeping.
C. To introduce a bee-friendly project. D. To stress the impact of climate change.
D
The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem. However, more than half of the mangrove forests have been destroyed in the past century. Several World Heritage Sites have been listed largely because of their mangrove ecosystems. Among them are the Sundarbans across India and Bangladesh, the Everglades National Park in the US, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Being a World Heritage Site requires for the mangroves to be protected. However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka. Why are mangrove trees so important to Sri Lanka and to other countries where mangroves grow?
The mangrove tree grows along coastal saltwater shorelines. They have adapted to the harsh coastal weather and have deep roots. This means that they are strong and cannot be easily removed. In countries where natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones occur, the forests provide protection. The villages in Sri Lanka with full mangrove forests have suffered less damage when hit by these natural disasters. The reason is that the mangroves break up the force and strength of the waves.
The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.
The strong roots also provide protection for young fish as they grow. With the oceans around the world being overfished, it is important to maintain the ecological balance in the oceans. For Sri Lanka, one of the threats to the mangrove forests is the shrimp farms being set up. To build saltwater ponds for the shrimps, the mangroves are cut down. This has resulted in fewer fish surviving among the mangrove roots and fewer fish being caught by the fishermen. The local fishing communities noticed that they were losing money and it made them aware of how important the mangroves were. They are now helping to conserve the forests.
Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.
31. What do we know about the mangrove trees from the passage?
A. They are mainly grown in Australia.
B. They can prevent young fish from growing.
C. They have been damaged by natural disasters.
D. They are less impressive but important to the ecosystem.
32. What has been done in Sri Lanka to protect mangroves?
A. A world mangrove festival has been founded.
B. Saltwater ponds for the shrimps have been set up.
C. A 5-year mangroves protecting program has been started.
D. More mangroves along the coastal areas have been grown.
33. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. The mangroves can keep the ecological balance in the oceans.
B. The mangroves are essential for fighting against climate change.
C. The mangroves have deep roots and hold the soil in place firmly.
D. The mangroves can break up the force and strength of the waves.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the future conservation of mangroves?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A lot of people think that they are not good at learning a new language. ____35____
Good language learners look for opportunities to hear and use the new language outside of the classroom on a daily basis and consequently learn the language more quickly. ____36____ For instance, they can talk to salesmen, join sports clubs, or even talk to people in coffee stores. They might read newspapers and magazines in that language, watch movies, listen to podcasts, or join chat rooms. All of these are great opportunities to practice and can also be fun.
In addition, good language learners try different ways to make their message understood. For example, if they do not know the word for “laundromat,” they might say “the place where you can wash clothes.” ____37____ The point is that good language learners are creative and do not easily give up.
Finally good language learners are prepared to take risks. ____38____ As a result, instead of being embarrassed by a mistake or getting frustrated when they do not understand, they see it as gaining a learning opportunity. For example, if they do not understand what someone said the first time, they are not afraid to ask them to repeat it again and again until they do understand. Or, if someone corrects their vocabulary or grammar, they try to remember instead of becoming shy about speaking.
____39____ It cannot be done in just a few months. Hopefully, these methods will help you be a good and confident language learner in the long run.
A. Becoming fluent in a language takes time.
B. But we can learn a new language through looking up new words.
C. If that does not work, they might even try drawing it or acting it out.
D. Besides, good language learners use various ways to learn English words.
E. They understand that making mistakes is natural and is necessary to learn.
F. If they’re studying in a country where the language is spoken, this is easy to do.
G. However, we can learn from good language learners to become better at languages.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节,32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Chinese Fancy Knots, also called Chinese knots, refer to the traditional decorative knots in Chinese culture. They began as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China. And they became popular in the Ming Dynasty. Now they are taken as one of the most representative symbols of Chinese culture and regarded as popular gifts for foreign friends.
As for the name itself, it is definitely meaningful. The Chinese character for “knot”, jie, means “connection” “combination”. It is associated with a wide range of cultural concepts — marriage, brotherhood, friendship, unity, reunion, etc. Meanwhile, the pronunciation of the Chinese character jie is very close to that of ji, “good luck”. As a result, Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.
Besides, the knots, widely existing in the everyday life of the Chinese, come in various sizes. Small ones are attached to jewellery, clothes, gift-wrapping and furniture in order to attract people’s attention, while large ones are applied like fine paintings or photographs to decorate a living room or study.
In addition to their varied sizes and styles, Chinese knots are famous for their bright colors. Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver, and named according to its shape and meaning. But the colors of the strings are rich and have various traditional cultural meanings. Among the most commonly used base colors, red symbolizes good luck and happiness, green means health and harmony, and yellow, which was once known as the emperor’s color, may represent wealth and honour.
In brief, the famous Chinese fancy knots fully reflect the depth of Chinese culture.
40. When did Chinese knots start as a form of folk art?
________________
41. According to the passage, what do Chinese knots express?
________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Chinese knots come in different sizes, styles, and each knot is made of several strings.
________________
43. Besides Chinese knots, what would you like to choose as a gift representing Chinese culture for a foreign friend? Why? (In about 40 words)
________________
第二节（20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校将在3月举行主题为“My Green Action”的线上英语演讲比赛, 请给你校外教老师Jim写封邮件，邀请他担任评委。内容包括:
1.演讲比赛的时间、举行方式；
2.介绍活动的主要安排；
3.询问对方的意向。
注意:1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者第一次滑雪的经历，在组员Harriet的指导下，得到了很好的体验，并在冬天到来时，迫不及待想去滑雪胜地。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A. mistake错误；B. deal交易；C. promise承诺；D. contribution贡献。根据后文“I had never even had a single skiing lesson”可知，作者因为没有上过滑雪课，开始怀疑自己加入他们是个错误。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A. ambition抱负；B. assistance帮助；C. pressure压力；D. experience经验。根据前后文“because they all had at least some…of skiing”指他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A. suggest建议；B. watch看；C. help帮助；D. order命令。根据后文“everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me”指作者看着其他人出去滑雪，而自己留下来，故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A. broke打破；B. called打电话；C. went离开、去；D. checked检查。根据后文“out with them”可知作者拿了东西和他们一起出去了。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们组的一名成员哈丽特很照顾我，提出要和我结对，并给了我一些如何开始的建议。A. tips建议；B. reasons理由；C. comments评论；D. gifts礼物。根据后文“on how to get started”可知，哈丽特给了作者滑雪的建议。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，这种情况一直持续到最后，只有一次，我恢复了平衡，滑出去了。A. tear泪水；B. balance平衡；C. coat外套；D. idea想法。根据上文“until finally, just once, I caught my”可知经过几次失败的尝试，作者有那么一次掌握了平衡，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特就在后面几英尺的地方喊着什么鼓励的话，试图不从我身边滑过，破坏我胜利的时刻。A. accident事故；B. creativity创造力；C. victory胜利；D. wildness野蛮。根据后文“I only covered a tiny distance(我只滑了一小段距离)”可知，作者取得了小小的胜利，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只滑了一小段距离，但感觉很棒。A. amazing不可思议的、感觉极好的；B. boring无聊的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt”中but表示转折，可知虽然滑得不远，但作者仍然感觉很棒。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特是一个很有耐心的老师，我有一个很好的经历。A. confident自信的；B. funny有趣的；C. strange奇怪的；D. patient耐心的。结合上文可知哈丽特耐心指导作者，是个有耐心的老师。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。A. bitterly愤怒地；B. curiously好奇地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文“I can’t wait to head”可知作者因为好的经历，喜欢上了滑雪，迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。故选C。
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
【答案】11. whose
12. objects
13. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Florentijn Hofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。对他来说，寻找灵感的一种方式是思考孩子们的玩具。这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的橡皮鸭。他最近的一个作品是巨大的浮鱼，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽风景中。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Florentijn Hofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词artist，先行词在从句中作定语，应关系代词whose。故填whose。
【12题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的橡皮鸭。object为可数名词，由these修饰应用复数形式。故填objects。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他最近的一个作品是“巨大的浮鱼”，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽风景中。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the huge Floating Fish，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【答案】14. left
15. to study
16. had collected
17. himself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了达尔文年轻时的南美之旅。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：1831年，他乘坐Beagle号离开英国。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语，根据时间状语in 1831可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填left。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入动词不定式作the chance的定语。故填to study。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：达尔文在南美呆了一段时间后，船上房间里挤满了他收集的动植物样本。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语，主句为一般过去时，从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，因而需用过去完成时。故填had collected。
【17题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：当他研究这些时，他问自己一个问题：不同的物种是如何存在的？分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少宾语，宾语与主语he为同一人，因而用反身代词。故填himself。
【答案】18. turning
19. completely
20. stronger
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。但是，到了成年这一里程碑，究竟意味着什么呢？你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？它会带来什么新的责任？一些年轻人开始比以前更关心他人，培养了更强的社会责任感。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。作主语，turn应用动名词形式。故填turning。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？修饰后文介词短语应用副词completely，故填completely。
【20题详解】
考查比较级。句意：一些年轻人开始比以前更关心他人，培养了更强的社会责任感。根据后文than before可知应用比较级。故填stronger。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38分)
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去秘鲁旅行的四种旅游套餐。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu Tour中“Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. (尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，马丘比丘之旅的独特之处在于人们可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cusco Tour部分中“Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century.(在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间欣赏独特的西班牙和当地的印度文化，库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都)”可知，你会向喜欢印度当地文化的人推荐Cusco Tour。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.(秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林)”可知，本文是一篇关于去秘鲁旅行包价旅游的广告宣传，因此你最可能在旅行手册上读到这篇文章。故选B项。
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记录了去西藏观察藏羚羊的经历，并且在与导游扎西的沟通中了解到保护藏羚羊，保护自然的重要性。由此感悟：人类应与自然和谐共生。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(在我们面前的草地上，勉强可以辨认出一群姿态优美的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是为了观察姿态优美的动物——藏羚羊。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money.(上世纪八九十年代是藏羚羊的艰难时期。数量下降了50%以上。猎人们猎杀羚羊来赚钱)”可知，在上世纪八九十年代，藏羚羊被猎人为了钱枪杀了。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.(我的导游是长塘村民扎西。他在羌塘国家级自然保护区工作。它占地约12万平方英里。该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的避难所)”可知，羌塘国家级自然保护区的建立是为了保护生活在那里的野生动物。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(保护野生动物已经做了很多工作，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的星球)”可推知，作者想告诉我们保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。故选B。
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述由于气候变化和栖息地的破坏，导致蜜蜂的数量在减少，并说明了蜜蜂减少给人类和其他生物带来危害。呼吁人们提高对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识，并寻找行动小组以查看是否有计划提供帮助。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.”（如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，依赖它生存的植物和树木也会受到影响；反过来，以这些植物为食或生活的生物也会受到影响，如此循环往复。）可知如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，有些生物将会受影响。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据原文第三段“we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat.”（没有传粉者我们就无法生存——但它们的灭绝将产生的影响远远超出它们为我们提供食物的作用）可知没有传粉者我们无法生存，这是非常具有危害性的。A. Limited 有限的；B Effective 有效的；C. Renewable可再生的；D. Harmful 有害的。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。文章前面提出蜜蜂的减少和假设某一种类的灭绝将会造成的危害，并由文章最后一段“Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details.”（一些环保组织和其他慈善机构正在努力提高人们对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识。支持这些团体是帮助蜜蜂的一种方式——通过筹集资金、在社交媒体上关注它们并分享活动细节。）可知作者意呼吁人们要提高对蜜蜂所面临的问题的认识以及这些问题会给人类和其他生物带来的危害，希望人们要做点事情去拯救蜜蜂。故选A项。
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了红树林对生态系统的重要作用以及为保护红树林斯里兰卡所采取的一些措施。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem.(红树林可能看起来不是很令人印象深刻，但它是我们生态系统的重要组成部分)”可知，红树林不那么令人印象深刻，但对生态系统很重要。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka.(然而，亚洲有一个国家走得更远，制定了一项为期五年的计划来保护和保护他们所有的红树林。他们甚至有一个红树林博物馆，并庆祝世界红树林日。这个国家就是斯里兰卡)”可知，斯里兰卡采取启动一项为期五年的红树林保护计划，来保护红树林。故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.(红树林还能迅速吸收二氧化碳，并将氧气输送到大气中。这使它们成为对抗气候变化的重要组成部分。它们比其他类型的森林吸收更多的二氧化碳，并将其储存在它们的结构中，甚至储存在土壤中。这一点很重要，因为大气中的二氧化碳被认为是造成全球变暖等有害天气变化的原因)”可知，第四段主要讲了红树林对应对气候变化至关重要。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.(斯里兰卡正在展示一个国家可以保护它所有的红树林。他们的保护模式可以被其他国家借鉴。这可能需要多年的规划，但拯救红树林的好处绝对大于成本)”可推知，作者对未来保护红树林的态度是积极的。故选A。
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分)
【答案】35. G 36. F 37. C 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好的语言学习者是如何学习语言的。
【35题详解】
根据前文“A lot of people think that they are not good at learning a new language.(很多人认为他们不擅长学习一门新语言)”及后文“Good language learners look for opportunities to hear and use the new language outside of the classroom on a daily basis and consequently learn the language more quickly.(好的语言学习者每天都在课堂外寻找机会听和使用新语言，从而更快地学习语言)”可知，空处应该和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，指出虽然很多人不认为自己不擅长学习一门语言，但是我们可以向优秀的语言者学习，G项“However, we can learn from good language learners to become better at languages.(然而，我们可以从优秀的语言学习者那里学习，以提高语言水平)”承上启下。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据后文“For instance, they can talk to salesmen, join sports clubs, or even talk to people in coffee stores. They might read newspapers and magazines in that language, watch movies, listen to podcasts, or join chat rooms.(例如，他们可以与销售员交谈，加入体育俱乐部，甚至与咖啡店的人交谈。他们可能会阅读该种语言的报纸和杂志，看电影，听播客，或者加入聊天室)”可知，后文列举的都是在某种语言环境中学习该种语言的途径，承接了F项“If they’re studying in a country where the language is spoken, this is easy to do.(如果他们在一个说这种语言的国家学习，这很容易做到)”。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据后文“The point is that good language learners are creative and do not easily give up.(关键是，好的语言学习者是有创造力的，不会轻易放弃)”可知，好的语言学习者会通过多种途径去表达自己，C项“If that does not work, they might even try drawing it or acting it out.(如果这不起作用，他们甚至可能尝试画出来或表演出来)”中的画出来或表演出来是创造力的一种体现。故选C。
【38题详解】
后文“As a result, instead of being embarrassed by a mistake or getting frustrated when they do not understand, they see it as gaining a learning opportunity.(因此，他们不会因为一个错误而感到尴尬，也不会因为不理解而感到沮丧，而是将其视为获得了一个学习机会)”中的mistake与E项“They understand that making mistakes is natural and is necessary to learn.(他们明白犯错误是自然的，是学习的必要条件)”呼应，承接E项内容。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据后文“It cannot be done in just a few months.(这不可能在几个月内完成)”可知，这里在说学习语言的时间问题，A项“Becoming fluent in a language takes time.(掌握一门语言需要时间)”引出下文。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节,32分)
【答案】40. They started as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China.
41. Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.
42. Chinese knots come in different sizes, styles, and each knot is made of several strings.
Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver.
43. I would like to choose paper cuts with the Chinese character “Fu" as a gift. Because it is a Chinese folk art and it can express my best wishes for good luck. What’s more, paper cuts can be used to decorate their rooms.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国结的寓意及其在日常生活中的广泛应用。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“They began as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China.(它们起源于中国唐宋时期的一种民间艺术形式)”可知，中国结起源于中国唐宋时期的一种民间艺术形式。故答案为They started as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“As a result, Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.(因此，中国结完美地表达了人们对快乐、爱情和好运等美好事物的强烈愿望)”可知，中国结完美地表达了人们对快乐、爱情和好运等美好事物的强烈愿望。故答案为Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver, and named according to its shape and meaning.(每个结都是由一串棉花，丝绸，金或白银制成，并根据其形状和意义命名)”可知，错误的部分是“several strings”，每个结由一串棉花、丝绸、黄金或白银制成。故答案为Chinese knots come in different sizes, styles, and each knot is made of several strings. Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。题干：除了中国结，你还会选择什么礼物作为代表中国文化的礼物送给外国朋友呢？为什么？可回答：我想选择有“福”字的剪纸作为礼物。因为它是中国民间艺术，它可以表达我对好运的祝福。更重要的是，剪纸可以用来装饰他们的房间。故答案为I would like to choose paper cuts with the Chinese character “Fu" as a gift. Because it is a Chinese folk art and it can express my best wishes for good luck. What’s more, paper cuts can be used to decorate their rooms.
第二节（20分)
44.
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m Li Hua, a student of Senior Two. I am writing to invite you to be the judge of our English speech competition, which will be held on March 12th online.
It will start at 2 p.m. and last about two hours. The student representative from each class will make a speech on the topic of “My Green Action”. Each student will have 5 minutes to finish the speech. As a judge, you are expected to give scores for each student and make comments according to their presentation online. Would you like to be the judge? We sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他担任线上英语演讲比赛的评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
演讲：speech → address
比赛：competition→contest
主题：topic→ theme
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Hua, a student of Senior Two.
拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is a student of Senior Two.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to invite you to be the judge of our English speech competition, which will be held on March 12th online.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】We sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
2022北京房山高二（上）期末
英 语
本试卷共10页,共100分,时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后, 将答题卡交回,试卷自行保存。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was my first time skiing and I had been persuaded to come along with a group of friends. I was wondering whether I had made a ____1____ by joining them, because they all had at least some ____2____ of skiing in the past while I had never even had a single skiing lesson.
We arrived at our destination in the afternoon and my lessons didn’t start until the following morning. There was no way I was going to stay behind and ____3____ everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me, so I grabbed my stuff and ____4____ out with them. Harriet, a member of our group, took pity on me and offered to pair up, giving me some ____5____ on how to get started.
For all of about ten metres, I fell to the ground in shame. Again to my feet, again to the floor. And so the situation continued until finally, just once, I caught my ____6____ and I was away. I daren’t move anything for fear that my run would come to an untimely end. From a few feet behind, Harriet was shouting something encouraging, trying not to ski past me and ruin my moment of ____7____. I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt ____8____.
With proper instructions, I improved quickly. Harriet was a really ____9____ teacher and I had a good experience. Winter is coming again. I can’t wait to head ____10____ to the ski resort.
1. A. mistake B. deal C. promise D. contribution
2. A. ambition B. assistance C. pressure D. experience
3. A. suggest B. watch C. help D. order
4. A. broke B. called C. went D. checked
5. A. tips B. reasons C. comments D. gifts
6. A. tear B. balance C. coat D. idea
7. A. accident B. creativity C. victory D. wildness
8. A. amazing B. boring C. disappointing D. relaxing
9. A. confident B. funny C. strange D. patient
10. A. bitterly B. curiously C. excitedly D. nervously
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, ____11____ large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is thinking about his children’s toys. These ____12____ (object) have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, ____13____ was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He ____14____ (leave) England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance ____15____ (study) various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he ____16____ (collect). As he studied these, he asked ____17____ (he) the question: how did different species come to exist?
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In most countries, ____18____ (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be ____19____ (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways? What new responsibilities will it bring? Some young people have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a ____20____ (strong) sense of social responsibilities than before.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第一节（共14小题;每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
Amazon Rainforest Tour
A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
Machu Picchu Tour
This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
Cusco Tour
Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century. Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent local food, and go shopping at the local markets.
Lake Titicaca Tour
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There, a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants from the lake.
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries — old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
21. What is special about the Machu Picchu Tour?
A. People can explore the rainforest with a local guide.
B. People can stay with a local Uros family on an island.
C. People can enjoy the plants and animals unique to the forest.
D. People can know about the Incas’ dry stone method of building.
22. Which tour would you recommend to people who enjoy local Indian culture?
A. Amazon Rainforest Tour. B. Machu Picchu Tour.
C. Cusco Tour. D. Lake Titicaca Tour.
23. Where can you most probably read the passage?
A. On a science website. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In an environmental report. D. In a biology magazine.
B
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass. I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
24. Why did the writer visit Tibet?
A. To watch the Tibetan antelopes. B. To go on a short hike from camp.
C. To see the snow-covered mountains. D. To visit their friend Zhaxi in Changtang.
25. What happened to the Tibetan antelopes in the 1980s and 1990s?
A. Their habitats disappeared. B. They were attacked by other animals.
C. They were shot by hunters for money. D. Their population dropped by less than 50 percent.
26. What can we know about the Changtang National Nature Reserve?
A. It was built by volunteers and villagers.
B. Its protection programmes have been stopped.
C. It was founded to protect the wildlife that live there.
D. Its antelopes are on the list of endangered species now.
27. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. The importance of a good lifestyle.
B. Protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves.
C. Changtang is the best place to observe Tibetan antelopes.
D. More volunteers are needed to keep the antelopes from attacks.
C
Bees have been around for over 100 million years, and in that time they have been found in almost every part of the world. There are over 20,000 species of bees. Some bees look very different to the yellow-and-black bees we’re familiar with.
Bees are important to human survival, but due to climate change and habitat destruction, their numbers are in decline. It’s a sad fact that these wonderfully adaptive insects, who’ve survived a whole host of changes since they first appeared on our planet, are now under serious threat. With around one-third of bee species in decline, it’s a critical time for us to do everything we can to support them.
It’s easy to see why the loss of bees would be catastrophic — we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat. If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.
While it may seem that we can’t do much as individuals to deal with some of these bigger issues, we can certainly work together with others to raise awareness about them and bring about change. If you’re passionate about bees, spread love. Share your knowledge — fascinating facts and a few scary statistics — and see if you can encourage your friends and family to become bee-friendly too. You could engage in a little positive bee project: explain that most bees don’t sting people, for example, or that honeybees in a swarm are simply looking for a new place to nest, they’re not out to attack.
Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details. Search information all you can about bees in your area to see what factors are affecting them locally, and look out for action groups to see if a plan is in place to help.
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most bees in a swarm will attack people.
B. About half of the planet’s bee species are declining.
C. There are over 20,000 species of yellow-and-black bees.
D. Some creatures can be affected if a bee species dies out.
29. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Limited. B. Effective. C. Renewable. D. Harmful.
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To call on people to help save bees. B. To share knowledge of beekeeping.
C. To introduce a bee-friendly project. D. To stress the impact of climate change.
D
The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem. However, more than half of the mangrove forests have been destroyed in the past century. Several World Heritage Sites have been listed largely because of their mangrove ecosystems. Among them are the Sundarbans across India and Bangladesh, the Everglades National Park in the US, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Being a World Heritage Site requires for the mangroves to be protected. However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka. Why are mangrove trees so important to Sri Lanka and to other countries where mangroves grow?
The mangrove tree grows along coastal saltwater shorelines. They have adapted to the harsh coastal weather and have deep roots. This means that they are strong and cannot be easily removed. In countries where natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones occur, the forests provide protection. The villages in Sri Lanka with full mangrove forests have suffered less damage when hit by these natural disasters. The reason is that the mangroves break up the force and strength of the waves.
The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.
The strong roots also provide protection for young fish as they grow. With the oceans around the world being overfished, it is important to maintain the ecological balance in the oceans. For Sri Lanka, one of the threats to the mangrove forests is the shrimp farms being set up. To build saltwater ponds for the shrimps, the mangroves are cut down. This has resulted in fewer fish surviving among the mangrove roots and fewer fish being caught by the fishermen. The local fishing communities noticed that they were losing money and it made them aware of how important the mangroves were. They are now helping to conserve the forests.
Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.
31. What do we know about the mangrove trees from the passage?
A. They are mainly grown in Australia.
B. They can prevent young fish from growing.
C. They have been damaged by natural disasters.
D. They are less impressive but important to the ecosystem.
32. What has been done in Sri Lanka to protect mangroves?
A. A world mangrove festival has been founded.
B. Saltwater ponds for the shrimps have been set up.
C. A 5-year mangroves protecting program has been started.
D. More mangroves along the coastal areas have been grown.
33. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. The mangroves can keep the ecological balance in the oceans.
B. The mangroves are essential for fighting against climate change.
C. The mangroves have deep roots and hold the soil in place firmly.
D. The mangroves can break up the force and strength of the waves.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the future conservation of mangroves?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A lot of people think that they are not good at learning a new language. ____35____
Good language learners look for opportunities to hear and use the new language outside of the classroom on a daily basis and consequently learn the language more quickly. ____36____ For instance, they can talk to salesmen, join sports clubs, or even talk to people in coffee stores. They might read newspapers and magazines in that language, watch movies, listen to podcasts, or join chat rooms. All of these are great opportunities to practice and can also be fun.
In addition, good language learners try different ways to make their message understood. For example, if they do not know the word for “laundromat,” they might say “the place where you can wash clothes.” ____37____ The point is that good language learners are creative and do not easily give up.
Finally good language learners are prepared to take risks. ____38____ As a result, instead of being embarrassed by a mistake or getting frustrated when they do not understand, they see it as gaining a learning opportunity. For example, if they do not understand what someone said the first time, they are not afraid to ask them to repeat it again and again until they do understand. Or, if someone corrects their vocabulary or grammar, they try to remember instead of becoming shy about speaking.
____39____ It cannot be done in just a few months. Hopefully, these methods will help you be a good and confident language learner in the long run.
A. Becoming fluent in a language takes time.
B. But we can learn a new language through looking up new words.
C. If that does not work, they might even try drawing it or acting it out.
D. Besides, good language learners use various ways to learn English words.
E. They understand that making mistakes is natural and is necessary to learn.
F. If they’re studying in a country where the language is spoken, this is easy to do.
G. However, we can learn from good language learners to become better at languages.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节,32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Chinese Fancy Knots, also called Chinese knots, refer to the traditional decorative knots in Chinese culture. They began as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China. And they became popular in the Ming Dynasty. Now they are taken as one of the most representative symbols of Chinese culture and regarded as popular gifts for foreign friends.
As for the name itself, it is definitely meaningful. The Chinese character for “knot”, jie, means “connection” “combination”. It is associated with a wide range of cultural concepts — marriage, brotherhood, friendship, unity, reunion, etc. Meanwhile, the pronunciation of the Chinese character jie is very close to that of ji, “good luck”. As a result, Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.
Besides, the knots, widely existing in the everyday life of the Chinese, come in various sizes. Small ones are attached to jewellery, clothes, gift-wrapping and furniture in order to attract people’s attention, while large ones are applied like fine paintings or photographs to decorate a living room or study.
In addition to their varied sizes and styles, Chinese knots are famous for their bright colors. Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver, and named according to its shape and meaning. But the colors of the strings are rich and have various traditional cultural meanings. Among the most commonly used base colors, red symbolizes good luck and happiness, green means health and harmony, and yellow, which was once known as the emperor’s color, may represent wealth and honour.
In brief, the famous Chinese fancy knots fully reflect the depth of Chinese culture.
40. When did Chinese knots start as a form of folk art?
________________
41. According to the passage, what do Chinese knots express?
________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Chinese knots come in different sizes, styles, and each knot is made of several strings.
________________
43. Besides Chinese knots, what would you like to choose as a gift representing Chinese culture for a foreign friend? Why? (In about 40 words)
________________
第二节（20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校将在3月举行主题为“My Green Action”的线上英语演讲比赛, 请给你校外教老师Jim写封邮件，邀请他担任评委。内容包括:
1.演讲比赛的时间、举行方式；
2.介绍活动的主要安排；
3.询问对方的意向。
注意:1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者第一次滑雪的经历，在组员Harriet的指导下，得到了很好的体验，并在冬天到来时，迫不及待想去滑雪胜地。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A. mistake错误；B. deal交易；C. promise承诺；D. contribution贡献。根据后文“I had never even had a single skiing lesson”可知，作者因为没有上过滑雪课，开始怀疑自己加入他们是个错误。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A. ambition抱负；B. assistance帮助；C. pressure压力；D. experience经验。根据前后文“because they all had at least some…of skiing”指他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A. suggest建议；B. watch看；C. help帮助；D. order命令。根据后文“everyone else go out to enjoy the skiing without me”指作者看着其他人出去滑雪，而自己留下来，故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A. broke打破；B. called打电话；C. went离开、去；D. checked检查。根据后文“out with them”可知作者拿了东西和他们一起出去了。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们组的一名成员哈丽特很照顾我，提出要和我结对，并给了我一些如何开始的建议。A. tips建议；B. reasons理由；C. comments评论；D. gifts礼物。根据后文“on how to get started”可知，哈丽特给了作者滑雪的建议。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，这种情况一直持续到最后，只有一次，我恢复了平衡，滑出去了。A. tear泪水；B. balance平衡；C. coat外套；D. idea想法。根据上文“until finally, just once, I caught my”可知经过几次失败的尝试，作者有那么一次掌握了平衡，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特就在后面几英尺的地方喊着什么鼓励的话，试图不从我身边滑过，破坏我胜利的时刻。A. accident事故；B. creativity创造力；C. victory胜利；D. wildness野蛮。根据后文“I only covered a tiny distance(我只滑了一小段距离)”可知，作者取得了小小的胜利，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只滑了一小段距离，但感觉很棒。A. amazing不可思议的、感觉极好的；B. boring无聊的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“I only covered a tiny distance, but it felt”中but表示转折，可知虽然滑得不远，但作者仍然感觉很棒。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特是一个很有耐心的老师，我有一个很好的经历。A. confident自信的；B. funny有趣的；C. strange奇怪的；D. patient耐心的。结合上文可知哈丽特耐心指导作者，是个有耐心的老师。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。A. bitterly愤怒地；B. curiously好奇地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上文“I can’t wait to head”可知作者因为好的经历，喜欢上了滑雪，迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。故选C。
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
【答案】11. whose
12. objects
13. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Florentijn Hofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。对他来说，寻找灵感的一种方式是思考孩子们的玩具。这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的橡皮鸭。他最近的一个作品是巨大的浮鱼，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽风景中。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Florentijn Hofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词artist，先行词在从句中作定语，应关系代词whose。故填whose。
【12题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的橡皮鸭。object为可数名词，由these修饰应用复数形式。故填objects。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他最近的一个作品是“巨大的浮鱼”，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽风景中。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the huge Floating Fish，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【答案】14. left
15. to study
16. had collected
17. himself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了达尔文年轻时的南美之旅。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：1831年，他乘坐Beagle号离开英国。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语，根据时间状语in 1831可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填left。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入动词不定式作the chance的定语。故填to study。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：达尔文在南美呆了一段时间后，船上房间里挤满了他收集的动植物样本。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语，主句为一般过去时，从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，因而需用过去完成时。故填had collected。
【17题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：当他研究这些时，他问自己一个问题：不同的物种是如何存在的？分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少宾语，宾语与主语he为同一人，因而用反身代词。故填himself。
【答案】18. turning
19. completely
20. stronger
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。但是，到了成年这一里程碑，究竟意味着什么呢？你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？它会带来什么新的责任？一些年轻人开始比以前更关心他人，培养了更强的社会责任感。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。作主语，turn应用动名词形式。故填turning。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？修饰后文介词短语应用副词completely，故填completely。
【20题详解】
考查比较级。句意：一些年轻人开始比以前更关心他人，培养了更强的社会责任感。根据后文than before可知应用比较级。故填stronger。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38分)
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去秘鲁旅行的四种旅游套餐。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu Tour中“Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. (尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，马丘比丘之旅的独特之处在于人们可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cusco Tour部分中“Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century.(在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间欣赏独特的西班牙和当地的印度文化，库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都)”可知，你会向喜欢印度当地文化的人推荐Cusco Tour。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.(秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林)”可知，本文是一篇关于去秘鲁旅行包价旅游的广告宣传，因此你最可能在旅行手册上读到这篇文章。故选B项。
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记录了去西藏观察藏羚羊的经历，并且在与导游扎西的沟通中了解到保护藏羚羊，保护自然的重要性。由此感悟：人类应与自然和谐共生。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(在我们面前的草地上，勉强可以辨认出一群姿态优美的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是为了观察姿态优美的动物——藏羚羊。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money.(上世纪八九十年代是藏羚羊的艰难时期。数量下降了50%以上。猎人们猎杀羚羊来赚钱)”可知，在上世纪八九十年代，藏羚羊被猎人为了钱枪杀了。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.(我的导游是长塘村民扎西。他在羌塘国家级自然保护区工作。它占地约12万平方英里。该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的避难所)”可知，羌塘国家级自然保护区的建立是为了保护生活在那里的野生动物。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(保护野生动物已经做了很多工作，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的星球)”可推知，作者想告诉我们保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。故选B。
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述由于气候变化和栖息地的破坏，导致蜜蜂的数量在减少，并说明了蜜蜂减少给人类和其他生物带来危害。呼吁人们提高对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识，并寻找行动小组以查看是否有计划提供帮助。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.”（如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，依赖它生存的植物和树木也会受到影响；反过来，以这些植物为食或生活的生物也会受到影响，如此循环往复。）可知如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，有些生物将会受影响。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据原文第三段“we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat.”（没有传粉者我们就无法生存——但它们的灭绝将产生的影响远远超出它们为我们提供食物的作用）可知没有传粉者我们无法生存，这是非常具有危害性的。A. Limited 有限的；B Effective 有效的；C. Renewable可再生的；D. Harmful 有害的。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。文章前面提出蜜蜂的减少和假设某一种类的灭绝将会造成的危害，并由文章最后一段“Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details.”（一些环保组织和其他慈善机构正在努力提高人们对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识。支持这些团体是帮助蜜蜂的一种方式——通过筹集资金、在社交媒体上关注它们并分享活动细节。）可知作者意呼吁人们要提高对蜜蜂所面临的问题的认识以及这些问题会给人类和其他生物带来的危害，希望人们要做点事情去拯救蜜蜂。故选A项。
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了红树林对生态系统的重要作用以及为保护红树林斯里兰卡所采取的一些措施。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem.(红树林可能看起来不是很令人印象深刻，但它是我们生态系统的重要组成部分)”可知，红树林不那么令人印象深刻，但对生态系统很重要。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka.(然而，亚洲有一个国家走得更远，制定了一项为期五年的计划来保护和保护他们所有的红树林。他们甚至有一个红树林博物馆，并庆祝世界红树林日。这个国家就是斯里兰卡)”可知，斯里兰卡采取启动一项为期五年的红树林保护计划，来保护红树林。故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.(红树林还能迅速吸收二氧化碳，并将氧气输送到大气中。这使它们成为对抗气候变化的重要组成部分。它们比其他类型的森林吸收更多的二氧化碳，并将其储存在它们的结构中，甚至储存在土壤中。这一点很重要，因为大气中的二氧化碳被认为是造成全球变暖等有害天气变化的原因)”可知，第四段主要讲了红树林对应对气候变化至关重要。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.(斯里兰卡正在展示一个国家可以保护它所有的红树林。他们的保护模式可以被其他国家借鉴。这可能需要多年的规划，但拯救红树林的好处绝对大于成本)”可推知，作者对未来保护红树林的态度是积极的。故选A。
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分)
【答案】35. G 36. F 37. C 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好的语言学习者是如何学习语言的。
【35题详解】
根据前文“A lot of people think that they are not good at learning a new language.(很多人认为他们不擅长学习一门新语言)”及后文“Good language learners look for opportunities to hear and use the new language outside of the classroom on a daily basis and consequently learn the language more quickly.(好的语言学习者每天都在课堂外寻找机会听和使用新语言，从而更快地学习语言)”可知，空处应该和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，指出虽然很多人不认为自己不擅长学习一门语言，但是我们可以向优秀的语言者学习，G项“However, we can learn from good language learners to become better at languages.(然而，我们可以从优秀的语言学习者那里学习，以提高语言水平)”承上启下。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据后文“For instance, they can talk to salesmen, join sports clubs, or even talk to people in coffee stores. They might read newspapers and magazines in that language, watch movies, listen to podcasts, or join chat rooms.(例如，他们可以与销售员交谈，加入体育俱乐部，甚至与咖啡店的人交谈。他们可能会阅读该种语言的报纸和杂志，看电影，听播客，或者加入聊天室)”可知，后文列举的都是在某种语言环境中学习该种语言的途径，承接了F项“If they’re studying in a country where the language is spoken, this is easy to do.(如果他们在一个说这种语言的国家学习，这很容易做到)”。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据后文“The point is that good language learners are creative and do not easily give up.(关键是，好的语言学习者是有创造力的，不会轻易放弃)”可知，好的语言学习者会通过多种途径去表达自己，C项“If that does not work, they might even try drawing it or acting it out.(如果这不起作用，他们甚至可能尝试画出来或表演出来)”中的画出来或表演出来是创造力的一种体现。故选C。
【38题详解】
后文“As a result, instead of being embarrassed by a mistake or getting frustrated when they do not understand, they see it as gaining a learning opportunity.(因此，他们不会因为一个错误而感到尴尬，也不会因为不理解而感到沮丧，而是将其视为获得了一个学习机会)”中的mistake与E项“They understand that making mistakes is natural and is necessary to learn.(他们明白犯错误是自然的，是学习的必要条件)”呼应，承接E项内容。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据后文“It cannot be done in just a few months.(这不可能在几个月内完成)”可知，这里在说学习语言的时间问题，A项“Becoming fluent in a language takes time.(掌握一门语言需要时间)”引出下文。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节,32分)
【答案】40. They started as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China.
41. Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.
42. Chinese knots come in different sizes, styles, and each knot is made of several strings.
Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver.
43. I would like to choose paper cuts with the Chinese character “Fu" as a gift. Because it is a Chinese folk art and it can express my best wishes for good luck. What’s more, paper cuts can be used to decorate their rooms.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国结的寓意及其在日常生活中的广泛应用。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“They began as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China.(它们起源于中国唐宋时期的一种民间艺术形式)”可知，中国结起源于中国唐宋时期的一种民间艺术形式。故答案为They started as a form of folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“As a result, Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.(因此，中国结完美地表达了人们对快乐、爱情和好运等美好事物的强烈愿望)”可知，中国结完美地表达了人们对快乐、爱情和好运等美好事物的强烈愿望。故答案为Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver, and named according to its shape and meaning.(每个结都是由一串棉花，丝绸，金或白银制成，并根据其形状和意义命名)”可知，错误的部分是“several strings”，每个结由一串棉花、丝绸、黄金或白银制成。故答案为Chinese knots come in different sizes, styles, and each knot is made of several strings. Each knot is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。题干：除了中国结，你还会选择什么礼物作为代表中国文化的礼物送给外国朋友呢？为什么？可回答：我想选择有“福”字的剪纸作为礼物。因为它是中国民间艺术，它可以表达我对好运的祝福。更重要的是，剪纸可以用来装饰他们的房间。故答案为I would like to choose paper cuts with the Chinese character “Fu" as a gift. Because it is a Chinese folk art and it can express my best wishes for good luck. What’s more, paper cuts can be used to decorate their rooms.
第二节（20分)
44.
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m Li Hua, a student of Senior Two. I am writing to invite you to be the judge of our English speech competition, which will be held on March 12th online.
It will start at 2 p.m. and last about two hours. The student representative from each class will make a speech on the topic of “My Green Action”. Each student will have 5 minutes to finish the speech. As a judge, you are expected to give scores for each student and make comments according to their presentation online. Would you like to be the judge? We sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他担任线上英语演讲比赛的评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
演讲：speech → address
比赛：competition→contest
主题：topic→ theme
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Hua, a student of Senior Two.
拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is a student of Senior Two.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to invite you to be the judge of our English speech competition, which will be held on March 12th online.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】We sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
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