2021-2022学年北京市第四中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2021-2022学年北京市第四中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共32页。

北京市第四中学2021-2022学年上学期高二年级期中考试英语试卷
试卷满分为140分，考试时间为120分钟
第一部分：听力理解(共两节，满分15分)
第一节 听力选择(共10道小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
听第一段材料，回答第1-5小题。文章你将听一遍。
1. When are Mark and Pam getting married?
A. Next summer. B. Next autumn. C. Next spring.
2. According to the dialogue, which one is TRUE about a buffet?
A. People could sit together at the same table.
B. People would not spend a lot of time waiting in line.
C. People would not waste a lot of food if they just take what they want.
3. According to the dialogue, which one is TRUE about a sit-down dinner?
A. It is more expensive.
B. People could focus on the toasts.
C. The dance floor would be filled with people.
4. What kind of reception does the couple want?
A. Relaxed and fun. B. Stiff and formal. C. Casual and cheap.
5. When will they make the final decision?
A. Right now. B. Next week. C. Next month.
听第二段材料，回答第6-10小题。文章你将听两遍。
6. Who inspired the speaker's love for nature?
A. His cousin. B. His professor. C. His mother.
7. What did he do in the summers to develop his knowledge of conservation?
A. He learned the name of the animals.
B. He helped researchers monitor wild birds.
C. He prevented the wild birds from being hunted.
8. What did he study in university?
A. Natural biology. B. Physics. C. Urban planning.
9. What did he do in Namibia?
A. Protecting lions and lizards.
B. Protecting tigers and lions.
C. Protecting lions and rhinos.
10. The speaker is probably ________ now.
A. a government official
B. a clerk of an environmentally-friendly organization
C. a college student who majors in environmental protection
第二节 听力填空(共5道小题，每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面一段材料，完成下面表格，每小题仅填写一个词。文章你将听两遍。
Financial Intelligence Quotient
Your financial IQ is the kind of intelligence that helps you comprehend how money works so you can ________it well. In other words, having financial intelligence makes you competent to handle money responsibly and wisely over the long term.
1. Educate yourself
There are plenty of resources to help you learn about these things at your local ________, in bookstores and through websites and other online sources.
2. Face the facts
Look at your bank statements to see how much you have; then make a list; after that, begin tracking your spending each month to discover where ________ your money is going.
3. Get help
You probably have financially intelligent people among your family, friends and coworkers. You can also enroll in a financial management course or ________ a consultation with a finance professional.
4. Make ________
Identify your specific financial goals and create a budget that makes them possible.
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，共35分)
第一节 单项填空(共20小题；每小题1分，共20分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1. The staff in the zoo said it was hoped that the project would raise money for future ________ work of animals.
A. conservation B. contribution C. consumption D. conclusion
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物园的工作人员说，他们希望这个项目能为未来的动物保护工作筹集资金。A.conservation保护；B.contribution贡献；C.consumption消耗；D.conclusion总结。由“raise money for future ________ work of animals”可知，句子表示“他们希望这个项目能为未来的动物保护工作筹集资金”，因此空格处是“保护”，即conservation，故选A。
2. It is an entertaining as well as ________ program about the meaning of life, a subject that is central to all of life. That's why I strongly recommend it to all of you.
A. regular B. anxious C. informative D. memorial
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个有趣的也是增长见闻的节目，是所有生活的核心。这就是我强烈推荐给你们所有人的原因。regular有规律的；anxious焦虑的；informative增长见闻的；memorial纪念的。根据下文"a subject that is central to all of life. That's why I strongly recommend it to all of you."说明这个节目比较好。因此推断informative“增长见闻的”符合句意，故选C。
【点睛】
3. We realised ten years ago that we needed to change or we would become ________.
A. exact B. extraordinary C. exposed D. extinct
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十年前，我们意识到我们需要改变，否则我们就会灭绝。A. exact精确的；B. extraordinary非凡的；C. exposed暴露的；D. extinct灭绝的。根据语境，我们需要改变，否则将会灭绝，空处应用形容词extinct作表语，表示“灭绝的”。故选D项。
4. It's such a pity that she ________ after 20 kilometres with stomach trouble during her first marathon.
A. wiped out B. died out C. set out D. dropped out
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很遗憾的是，她在第一次马拉松比赛中因胃病跑了20公里后退出了。wiped out擦掉；died out灭绝；set out出发；dropped out退出。根据上文的“pity”和下文的“stomach trouble ”可推断，他退出了比赛，故选D。
【点睛】
5. During some periods, the birds will lie on the cage floor as if trying to ________ eggs. Stay away from them because they may become uncomfortable and impatient.
A. hatch B. swallow C. claim D. label
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在某些时期，鸟儿会躺在笼子的地板上，好像试图孵化蛋。远离他们，因为他们可能会变得不舒服和不耐烦。A. hatch孵化； B. swallow吞咽； C. claim声称； D. label 贴标签。根据句意中的“躺在笼子的地板上”可知，鸟儿好像在试图“孵化”蛋，故选A项。

6. The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream (主流) over the next ________.
A. entrance B. decade C. committee D. feedback
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口；B. decade十年；C. committee委员会；D. feedback反馈。根据句意以及前文over the next可知，此处指“在未来十年”。故选B项。
7. To make ends meet, you need to have a more ________ approach to the way you spend.
A. distracted B. disciplined C. desperate D. depressed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了收支平衡，你需要有一个更能自我控制的花钱方式。A. distracted心烦意乱的；B. disciplined遵守纪律的，自我控制的；C. desperate绝望的；D. depressed沮丧的。根据前文“To make ends meet”句意可知，此处指要有一个“自我控制的”花钱方式。故选B项。
8. Norris twice knocked down his ________ in the early rounds of the fight.
A. opponent B. asteroid C. nephew D. triathlete
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺里斯在比赛的前几轮中两次击倒了对手。A. opponent对手；B. asteroid海星；C. nephew侄子；D. triathlete三项全能运动员。根据语境，诺里斯两次击倒的应该是自己的对手，opponent表示“对手”符合语意。故选A项。
9. The ________ also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they may one day return to life.
A. institute B. instance C. intensity D. intention
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人希望它们有朝一日能复活。A.institute研究所；B.instance例子；C.intensity强度；D.intention打算。由“preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets”可知，是研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，空格处是“研究所”，即institute，故选A。
10. Last week his performance secured him the ________ for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival.
A. reward B. prize C. award D. bonus
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最佳男演员奖。reward“报酬；奖励”；prize“奖金”；award“奖；奖品”；bonus“额外津贴；红利”，根据下文“for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival”可知，此处说的是“好莱坞电影节的年度最佳男演员奖”，故选C。
11. Many stations have wheelchair ________ from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
A. approval B. average C. access D. angle
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多车站都有从停车场或入口到站台的轮椅通道。A. approval赞成；B. average平均数；C. access通道；D. angle角度。由下文“from the car park or entrance to the station platforms” 可知，此处说的是从停车场或入口到站台的轮椅通道。故选C。
【点睛】
12. The paper is ________ next month, and I am working seven days a week, often far into the night.
A. forwards B. deadline C. lacking D. due
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：论文下个月就要交了，我一周工作七天，经常工作到深夜。A. forwards副词，向前；B. deadline名词，最后期限；C. lacking缺乏的；D. due到期的。根据后文“next month, and I am working seven days a week, often far into the night”指论文要交付了，到期了应用due。故选D。
13. I ________ a few words of Greek when I was there last year.
A. took up B. picked up C. looked up D. set up
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年我在那里时学会了几个希腊语单词。A. took up占据；B. picked up学会；C. looked up查阅，查找；D. set up建立。结合语境，此处表示我在希腊时，学会了几个希腊语单词，pick up表示“学会”符合语意。故选B项。
14. Some of his teammates complained that he showed a lack of ________ to the team.
A. commitment B. appointment C. engagement D. amusement
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的一些队友抱怨说，他缺乏对集体的奉献。A. commitment承诺、奉献；B. appointment约会；C. engagement订婚；D. amusement娱乐。此处指队友抱怨他没有为集体奉献服务，commitment符合句意。故选A。
15. Economic experts have warned that without ________ action, there might be catastrophic failure in the next three years.
A. upset B. urgent C. unmotivated D. urban
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经济专家警告说，如果不采取紧急行动，未来三年可能会出现灾难性的失败。A. upset心烦的；B. urgent紧急的；C. unmotivated动机不明的；D. urban都市的。根据“there might be catastrophic failure in the next three years.”可知，需要采取紧急的行动。故选B。
16. The President is really ________ of the good working environment that Chairman Helms has created on foreign policy issues.
A. applied B. appropriate C. appealing D. appreciative
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总统非常赞赏赫尔姆斯主席在外交政策问题上创造的良好工作环境。A. applied实用的；B. appropriate合适的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. appreciative欣赏的、感激的。根据句意可知，此句意为总统欣赏良好的工作环境，be appreciative of赞赏……、感激……，故选D。
【点睛】
17. They explained that these were purely ________ weapons, not designed for attack.
A. demanding B. desperate C. defensive D. determined
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们解释说，这些武器纯粹是防御性武器，而不是为攻击而设计的。demanding“苛刻的；要求高的”；desperate“拼命的；孤注一掷的；”；defensive“防御(性)的；防守的”；determined“坚定的”。由下文“不是为了攻击设计的”可知，是防御性武器。故选C。
【点睛】
18. Nail-biting can cause damage to your body, and here’s why it’s time to ________ this habit for life.
A. develop B. kick C. highlight D. destroy
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：咬指甲会对你的身体造成伤害，下面就是为什么我们要改掉这个习惯的原因。A. develop发展；B. kick戒掉；C. highlight强调；D. destroy摧毁。根据“Nail-biting can cause damage to your body”可知，要戒掉咬指甲的坏习惯。故选B。
19. The ancient civilizations of Central and Latin America were ________ upon corn.
A. founded B. found C. flowed D. fueled
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中美洲和拉丁美洲的古代文明是建立在玉米之上的。founded建立；found发现；flowed流出；fueled加剧。结合句意，古代文明应是建立，根据句意，用一般过去时，found是find“发现”的过去式，是“建立”的原形，其过去式是founded。故选A。
20. When we’re tired and ________, home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.
A. left out B. obsessed over C. run out of D. stressed out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们疲倦、压力过大时，家永远是我们休息的庇护所。A. leave out遗漏；B. obsess over痴迷于；C. run out of用完；D. stress out压力过大。and连接两个成分应该相似，tired疲倦的，和D选项意思相近。故选D项。
第二节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I don't talk with passengers on airplanes. My flight time is ____21____for turning the pages of a good book. That changed, ____22____, on a flight from Tampa to Newark when I sat next to her - the lady in Seat 26B.
After ____23____ my seat, I opened my book.
Then she turned to me. "And where are you travelling to? Home or on vacation?"
"Heading home," I closed my book. "You?"
"Oh, home, too," she began," I come from a(n) ____24____ family. Nine kids! I'm the oldest still alive - eighty-nine!" And then she laughed, joyfully, l wouldn't have guessed she was nearly ninety, though.
"Good book?" she asked, pointing to my paperback.
"Yes. Do you read?"
"Oh, I don't have ____25____ to read," she replied.
I'm sixty years younger than 26B, yet she's the one who's too busy to read? What on earth could she be doing with her____26____?
"Well," she began, "I work at Costco. There are really nice people. There are also the ____27____ ones, but I enjoy them, too!" She laughed again, and I ____28____her ability to not let negative energies affect her ____29____. I wondered how I could _____30_____ that, too.
"What's your secret," I asked, "to sounding so _____31_____ and healthy?"
"My husband died ten years ago," she said, _____32_____. "I thought to myself, I'm not going to just _____33_____! That's when I got my Costco job. I believe in being active."
"Life is so good," she continued "I'm just excited every day to live it!"
I wanted that plane ride to reroute to California so I would have more time to learn about her energy for life. I became more _____34_____ with each mile we flew.
I told myself, if someone who is eighty-nine years old can choose to live her life with such desire and _____35_____, I can, too. If you have the drive!
21. A. reserved B. adjusted C. squeezed D. limited
22. A. thus B. instead C. though D. rather
23. A. slipping into B. searching for C. taking up D. settling into
24. A. complex B. nuclear C. wealthy D. extended
25. A. time B. motivation C. energy D. discipline
26. A. days B. devotion C. intention D. interest
27. A. innovative B. weird C. annoyed D. innocent
28. A. weighed B. admired C. impressed D. identified
29. A. ambition B. fate C. taste D. mood
30 A. obtain B. manage C. control D. defend
31. A. committed B. realistic C. positive D. informative
32. A. desperately B. coldly C. ultimately D. peacefully
33 A. hang out B. sit around C. step back D. wipe out
34. A. astonished B. satisfied C. grateful D. inspired
35. A. passion B. principle C. courage D. confidence
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者一次乘坐飞机时，本想看书却意外被旁边的老妇人打断了看书计划。在和老妇人的交谈过程中，作者对她越来越羡慕和崇拜，并从她的故事中得到了启发，对生活重新充满渴望和激情的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的飞行时间被留下来看一本好书。A. reserved保留；B. adjusted调整；C. squeezed挤压；D. limited限制。结合前文“I don't talk with passengers on airplanes”及后文“turning the pages of a good book”可知，坐飞机时作者不和飞机上的乘客交谈，一般要看书，飞行时间被留给翻阅一本好书。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：然而，那改变了，在从坦帕飞往纽瓦克的航班上，我坐在她旁边——26B座位上的女士。A. thus因此；B. instead而不是；C. though尽管；然而；D. rather相当。结合空前“That changed”可知作者的习惯被改变了，与上文是转折关系。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：坐在我座位以后，我打开了书。A. slipping into滑进；B. searching for搜寻；C. taking up开始从事；D. settling into安顿下来。根据下文“I opened my book.”和常识可知，要先坐好再打开书，settle into my seat“坐在座位上”。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我来自一个大家庭。A. complex复杂的；B. nuclear原子能的；C. wealthy富有的；D. extended扩大的；广大的。根据下文“Nine kids! I'm the oldest still alive - eighty-nine!”可知，老妇人家里有9个孩子，可见是个大家庭，extended family表示“大家庭”，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有时间阅读。A. time时间；B. motivation动力；积极性；C. energy精力；D. discipline纪律。根据下文“she's the one who's too busy to read”可知，老妇人非常忙碌，没有“时间”来阅读。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她究竟用她的日子做什么？A. days天；B. devotion奉献；C. intention意图；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“I'm sixty years younger than 26B, yet she's the one who's too busy to read?”可知，作者想自己比老妇人年轻60岁，然而她却是没有时间读书的那一个，因此推断作者心里不明白这个老妇人在她的日子里究竟在忙着做什么。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也有一些怪异的人，但是我也喜欢他们。A. innovative创新的；B. weird怪异的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. innocent无辜的。根据上文“There are really nice people.”可知，前面说都是极好的人，后面有个too，表示也，说明这是两类不同的人，所以选择与“好”相反的词：weird怪异的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我羡慕她不让消极的能量影响她的心情的能力。A. weighed称重；B. admired羡慕；C. impressed使铭记；D. identified确认。根据后文的“I wanted that plane ride to reroute to California so I would have more time to learn about her energy for life.”可知作者很羡慕老妇人不让消极的能量影响她的能力。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ambition野心；雄心；B. fate命运；C. taste品味；D. mood心情；情绪。根据上文“There are also the ____7____ ones, but I enjoy them, too!”和上文的“not let negative energies affect her”可知，对于怪异的人，老妇人也喜欢，结合常识可可知，负能量影响的是人的“心情”，因此老妇人不会让负能量影响自己的心情。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道我如何也能做到那样。A. obtain获得；B. manage设法做到；管理；C. control控制；D. defend防御；保卫。根据上文“I ____8____her ability to not let negative energies affect her ____9____.”可知，作者很羡慕老妇人不让消极的能量影响自己的心情的能力，所以他想知道自己如何也可以做到那样。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你秘密是什么，”我问，“听起来如此积极和健康？” A. committed忠诚的；坚定的；B. realistic现实的；C. positive积极的；D. informative提供信息的。根据上文“There are also the ____7____ ones, but I enjoy them, too!" She laughed again”以及“not let negative energies affect her”可推断，老妇人是一个很积极向上的人，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：“我丈夫十年前就去世了，”她平静地说。A. desperately绝望地；B. coldly 冷淡地；C. ultimately最终；最后；D. peacefully平静地。根据上文“then she laughed, joyfully, l wouldn't have guessed she was nearly ninety, though.”和“She laughed again”可知，老妇人已经完全调整过来，因此推断当说到10年前丈夫去世的事，就不应该再感到难过了，所以是“平静地”说道。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我暗自想，我不想无所事事。A. hang out挂出；闲逛；B. sit around无所事事；C. step back退后；D. wipe out摧毁。根据下文“That's when I got my Costco job.”可知，老妇人去了Costco工作，因此推断她不想因为丈夫的死让自己“无所事事”，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着我们飞过的每一英里我成为更加受鼓舞。A. astonished吃惊的；B. satisfied满意的；C. grateful感激的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。根据上文“I would have more time to learn about her energy for life.”可知，作者说到想要继续去了解老人对于生活的热情，故作者应该是受到了老人的鼓舞。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉自己，如果一位89岁的老人都可以充满渴望和热情过着她的生活，我也可以。A. passion热情；B. principle道德原则；C. courage勇气；D. confidence自信。根据上文“That's when I got my Costco job. I believe in being active.”和“I'm just excited every day to live it!”可推断，老妇人对生活充满热情和渴望。故选A。
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，共40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Ultimate Guide for an Amazing Family Trip

Wondering how to take your kids on a special weekend trip while also giving yourself a relaxing time? Come to Universal Beijing Resort to immerse yourself in this world of movies!
• How to get to Universal Beijing Resort
If you are taking the subway, Universal Beijing Resort is the final stop of the Batong Line and Line 7. The park is equipped with nearly 10000 regular parking spaces, so driving is another quick and convenient option.
• Must-Bring Checklist
Have these prepared ahead of your trip so that you could enter the park:
Universal Studios Beijing One-Day-Dated Ticket
Valid ID Card / Pre-uploaded photo validation information through after-buying ticket message link or Universal Beijing Resort Official App
Face masks
Register for the green health QR code on the visitation date
• Safety Reminder
To ensure the health and safety of every guest and team member, please visit the Universal Beijing Resort Official channels before visitation for the latest Safety Guidelines. Universal Beijing Resort will closely monitor the developments of the pandemic situation and adjust the operational schedule in a timely manner.
• Family Travel Tips
Universal Beijing Resort offers convenient services for families. Stroller rental services are available near the front gate of the park to make it easier for the whole family to get around.
Rides
Minimum height
requirement
Children under the following height must be accompanied by a guardian
Despicable Me Minion Mayhem
102cm
102cm to 122cm
* Guests under 102cm must be seated at designated seats to experience this ride.
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey TM
122cm
——
Flight of the Hippogriff TM
99cm
99cm to 122cm
Camp Jurassic
——
——
Jurassic Flyers
100cm
100cm to 122cm
Kung Fu Panda Journey of the Dragon Warrior
80cm
80cm to 122cm
Bumblebee Boogle
——
Less than 122cm
Transformers: Battle for the AllSpark
102cm
102cm to 122cm
For children's safety, some attractions have height limits. Make sure to pick attractions that are suitable for your child! Here is a list of the attractions mentioned in this guide and the height requirements:
• Stay up-to-date with us
Want to learn more about Universal Beijing Resort? Download the Universal Beijing Resort Official App or check out our WeChat/Alibaba Mini Program to get insider tips, keep up with Park news and plan for your trip. Don't forget to also follow our official WeChat account to stay up to date on the latest events and promotions that you don't want to miss!
36. One recommended way to get to Universal Beijing Resort is ________.
A. by bus B. by bike
C. by car D. on foot
37. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. You cannot not enter the park without a valid ID card.
B. The resort may close if the pandemic situation worsens.
C. The family can rent strollers through the resort official app.
D. You need the green health QR code one day before visiting.
38. A child of 98cm can choose to ride ________.
A. Harry Porter and the Forbidden Journey TM
B. Despicable Me Minion Mayhem
C. Flight of the Hippogriff TM
D. Camp Jurassic
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了周末带孩子进行家庭之旅的相关信息。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。文章“How to get to Universal Beijing Resort”这一段中最后一句“The park is equipped with nearly 10000 regular parking spaces, so driving is another quick and convenient option.”（公园配备了近10000个常规停车位，因此驾驶是另一种快捷方便的选择。）可知，前往北京环球度假酒店的一个推荐方式是开车。因为开车非常方便。故选C项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Safety Reminder”这一段中的内容“Universal Beijing Resort will closely monitor the developments of the pandemic situation and adjust the operational schedule in a timely manner.”（北京环球度假酒店将密切关注疫情发展，及时调整运营时间表。）可知，如果疫情恶化，度假村可能会关闭。故选B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中的数据，选项A的最低身高要求是122cm，不符合；选项B对孩子的要求是102cm到122之间，也不符合题干；选项C是99cm到122cm之间，也不符合；选项D “Camp Jurassic”对身高没有要求，故身高98厘米的儿童可选择第四种。故选D项。
B
What it’s like to lose at the Olympics

Kate Courtney competes in the women’s cross-country mountain bike race at the Olympics in Japan on July 27. She placed 15th.

The brighter the spotlight, the deeper the darkness left in its shadow. As I return home from my first Olympic Games in Tokyo, I can’t help but feel that spotlight lifting and the depth of the darkness in its place. And I know I am not the only one.
I’ve been a professional cyclist for years, a former world champion and World Cup overall champion. In 2020, I was prequalified for the Tokyo Games and couldn’t wait to add Olympian to that list. During some of the most difficult moments of the pandemic, the idea of getting to line up to race in Tokyo provided me with a light at the end of the tunnel. The Games motivated me to continue to work through doubt and uncertainty, to believe that the future would be ripe with opportunity.
Each tough workout was part of a larger mission, and the small breakthroughs along the way fed my confidence and belief that anything was possible. I had never felt more alive. When I finally made it to Tokyo, I was overwhelmed by the support from my friends, family and even those I hardly knew. I lined up feeling grateful, prepared and optimistic.
Then, I fell off an emotional cliff.
From the start, my race didn’t go to plan. In a race where I had hoped to be fighting for a medal, I found myself fighting just to stay in the top 15.
The overwhelming outpouring of positivity and support that I’d received before my race gave way to a wave of consolation and criticism, especially online. Few people will ever understand what it feels like to win a gold medal, but we can all relate to the feeling of struggling to accomplish hard things or in trying to get through a rough patch where nothing seems to go our way. In my own disappointment, I am learning to appreciate that some seasons of life are not about victory, but about holding space for the struggle and acknowledging the courage it takes to pick ourselves up and risk our hearts again and again. That kind of courage can be the source of the greatest victories, as well as the most devastating defeats. It is one of the things we love most about sports, seeing athletes courageous enough to put it all on the line.
But courage is exhausting. And I don’t think Olympic athletes are the only ones who feel this exhaustion. It can be exhausting to continue to give your best effort in the face of overwhelming uncertainty, doubt and loss.
At the Olympics, in particular, uncertainty and loss become visible. The challenge is clear, the emotions raw, and the outcome broadcast for the world to see. It takes courage for athletes to offer up true, heartfelt participation, knowing that very few will leave triumphant. And when the battle is over, those fallen competitors do not need to be kicked - they need to be carried. They need to be allowed to rest for just a moment to mend their broken hearts so they can continue to bravely share their gifts with the world.
This is not the story I had been hoping to write about my Olympic Games. But as I navigate my challenges around this experience, I am reminded that there are seasons of struggle and seasons of victory -- and that you don't always get to choose when you jump from one to the next. Sometimes, you need help to keep going until the leaves change color. Exhaustion is not evidence of a lack of courage but of its abundance. To deny the struggle is to deny the very thing that allows us to win in the end.
39. What does the author mean by saying “a light at the end of the tunnel” (Para.2)?
A The pandemic ended the author’s hopes of becoming a professional cyclist.
B. The author has been training for a race in a tunnel to compete in the Olympics.
C. The author was not sure whether she was competent enough to join in the race.
D. The Olympics gave her some hope despite the lengthy period of the pandemic
40. Why does the author mention “an emotional cliff” (Para.4)?
A. To compare her emotions to that of an awe-inspiring natural object.
B. To contrast her emotional states before and after her loss at the Games.
C. To stress the help and support she had been receiving from her friends.
D. To show she had reached the limits of her ability to succeed in her given sport.
41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Throughout this experience, the author felt nothing but disappointment.
B. People online comforted the author after she failed the Tokyo Olympics.
C. Courage is exhausting, which makes it unwise to give your best effort.
D. Fallen competitors need to be allowed some time to recover from failure.
42. According to the passage, what has helped the author get through the disappointment of her failure at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics?
A. Positivity and support from her family and friends.
B. The fact that few could win a gold medal at the Olympics.
C. Her previous victories prove that she was successful in her sport.
D. Courage and her years of hard work helped to give her peace of mind.
【答案】39. D 40. B 41. D 42. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在参加东京奥运会预赛失利后的所感所悟。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“During some of the most difficult moments of the pandemic（在流感大流行的一些最困难的时刻）”和“The Games motivated me to continue to work through doubt and uncertainty, to believe that the future would be ripe with opportunity.（奥运会激励着我继续克服怀疑和不确定性，相信未来会充满机遇）”可知，作者说a light at the end of the tunnel的意思是“尽管疫情持续了很长一段时间，但奥运会给了她一些希望”，即The Olympics gave her some hope despite the lengthy period of the pandemic，故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段的“The overwhelming outpouring of positivity and support that I'd received before my race gave way to a wave of consolation and criticism, especially online.（在我参加竞选之前，我收到了铺天盖地的积极和支持，但现在却被一波又一波的安慰和批评所取代，尤其是在网上。 ）”可知，作者在赛后的情况急转直下。由此推知，作者提到“an emotional cliff”的目的是对比她输掉比赛前后的情绪状态。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“And when the battle is over, those fallen competitors do not need to be kicked - they need to be carried. They need to be allowed to rest for just a moment to mend their broken hearts so they can continue to bravely share their gifts with the world.（当战斗结束时，那些倒下的竞争者不需要被踢开——他们需要被抬起来。他们需要休息片刻来修补他们破碎的心，这样他们才能继续勇敢地与世界分享他们的天赋）”可知，倒下的竞争对手需要一些时间从失败中恢复过来。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段的“I am reminded that there are seasons of struggle and seasons of victory -- and that you don't always get to choose when you jump from one to the next. In my own disappointment, I am learning to appreciate that some seasons of life are not about victory, but about holding space for the struggle and acknowledging the courage it takes to pick ourselves up and risk our hearts again and again.（有人提醒我，有奋斗的季节，也有胜利的季节——当你从一个季节跳到另一个季节时，你并不总是可以选择。在我自己的失望中，我学着去欣赏生命中的某些季节，不是关于胜利，而是关于为奋斗留出空间，承认让自己振作起来，一次又一次地冒险需要勇气 ）”可知，勇气和多年的辛勤工作使她心情平静，帮助作者克服了在2020年东京奥运会上失败的失望，故选D。
C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution -- whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels -- and light rhythms -- to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night -- dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth -- is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way -- the edge of our galaxy -- arching overhead.
43. According to the passage, human beings ________.
A. prefer to live in the darkness
B. are used to living in the day light
C. were curious about the midnight world
D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
44. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.
A. provide examples of animal protection
B. show how light pollution affects animals
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
45. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.
A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
46. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
【答案】43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. (而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences (这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处)”和“Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”推知，提到鸟和青蛙是为了表明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being,（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我）”可知，作者认为光污染使得人类迷失了自我，这背离了人类在苍茫宇宙的存在意义。由此推知，人类应当对此进行深刻的检讨和反思。故选D项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. (我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected (无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage-the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光）”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。故“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。
D
Is science actually "right"?
The Covid crisis has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise -- and to be sure, science needs defenders these days. But in their zeal to fight back against vaccine rejection and other forms of science denial, some scientists say things that just aren't true -- and you can't build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.
One popular move is to insist that science is right -- full stop -- and that once we discover the truth about the world, that's it. We are done. Anyone who denies such truths (they suggest) is stupid or ignorant. Or, as Nobel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, "Even though a scientific theory is in a sense a social consensus, it is unlike any other sort of consensus in that it is culture-free and permanent." Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered. Some familiar examples are Earth as the center of the universe, the absolute nature of time and space, the stability of continents, and the cause of infectious disease.
Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is actually wrong. Science can also be understood as an institution (or better, a set of institutions) that facilitates this work. To say that science is "true" or "permanent" is like saying that "marriage is permanent." At best, it's a bit off-key. Marriage today is adapted to a world that is very different from what it was in the 16th or 18th century, and so are most of our "laws" of nature. They are at best, true for now or true until proven otherwise.
Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use "the scientific method." But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is empiricism: observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method: the use of experience and experiment to test hypotheses. This is cast sometimes as the hypothetic-deductive method, in which the experiment must be framed as a deduction from theory, and sometimes as falsification, where the point of observation and experiment is to prove these theories false, not to confirm them. Recently, a prominent scientist claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking that something is true when it is not, and vice versa.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn't get it is dumb. Yet science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the greatest challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we're human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work. That's no different from professional skiers who wipe out in major races or inventors whose early aspirations go bust. Understanding the beautiful, complex world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is its own reward and why taxpayers should be happy to fund research.
Scientific theories are not perfect replicas of reality, but we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us.
47. What can we learn from paragraphs 1 & 2?
A. What scientists said is absolutely trustworthy.
B. Scientific findings call for further consideration.
C. It is unwise to deny some truths scientists have found.
D. Social consensus contributes to the discovery of a scientific theory.
48. The author compares science to marriage because ________.
A. neither science nor marriage is trustworthy
B. both science and marriage are true and permanent
C. neither science nor marriage remains the same all the time
D. both science and marriage can help us to tell right from wrong
49. Which of the following statements is true for 'the scientific method'?
A. The experimental method, to great extent, leads to scientific findings.
B. Empiricism is an ideal scientific method leading to scientific findings.
C. It is just a way to prevent scientists from falling into the traps.
D. None of the above.
50. The author intends to tell us ________.
A. once some scientific truths are settled, there is no need to change them
B. scientific findings are not permanent so that we should be ready for the changes
C. if we can use different scientific methods, we can reach more scientific findings
D. although science is not easy to understand, the truth will always come out
【答案】47. B 48. C 49. D 50. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要就科学是否正确进行论述，说明科学应该是一个学习和发现的过程，科学发现不是永久性的，我们应该为变化做好准备。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But in their zeal to fight back against vaccine rejection and other forms of science denial, some scientists say things that just aren't true -- and you can't build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.”（但是在他们对疫苗排斥和其他形式的科学否认的热情中，一些科学家说了一些不真实的事情——如果你说的事情不可信，你就无法建立信任。）以及第二段“Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.”（即使对科学史略知一二，也能举出许多科学家认为他们已经解决的问题的例子，结果却发现这些问题需要重新考虑。）可知，科学家可能会说不真实的事情，一些科学家认为已经解决的问题也可能需要重新考虑，所以科学发现需要进一步考虑。故选B项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To say that science is "true" or "permanent" is like saying that "marriage is permanent." At best, it's a bit off-key. Marriage today is adapted to a world that is very different from what it was in the 16th or 18th century, and so are most of our "laws" of nature.”（说科学是“真实的”或“永久的”，就像说“婚姻是永久的”。充其量也有点走调。今天的婚姻适应了一个与16或18世纪大不相同的世界，我们的大多数自然法则也是如此。）可知，婚姻是随着世界变化而变化的，科学也是如此，所以作者将科学与婚姻相比较是因为科学与婚姻都不是一成不变的。故选C项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段 “Some will say it is empiricism: observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method: the use of experience and experiment to test hypotheses. This is cast sometimes as the hypothetic-deductive method, in which the experiment must be framed as a deduction from theory, and sometimes as falsification, where the point of observation and experiment is to prove these theories false, not to confirm them. Recently, a prominent scientist claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking that something is true when it is not, and vice versa.”（有人会说这是经验主义：对世界的观察和描述。其他人会说这是实验方法：使用经验和实验来检验假设。这有时被称为假设-演绎法，在这种方法中，实验必须被视为理论的演绎，有时被视为证伪，观察和实验的目的是证明这些理论是错误的，而不是证实它们。最近，一位著名的科学家声称，科学方法是避免自欺欺人地认为某事是真实的，而事实并非如此，反之亦然。）可知，实验方法是使用经验和实验来检验假设，并不一定会导致科学发现，所以A选项“实验方法在很大程度上导致了科学发现”是错误的；经验主义是对世界的观察和描述，观察和实验的目的是证明这些理论是错误的，而不是证实它们，所以B选项“经验主义是导致科学发现的理想科学方法”是错误的；一位著名的科学家声称，科学方法是避免自欺欺人地认为某事是真实的，而事实并非如此，所以C选项“这只是防止科学家落入陷阱的一种方法”是错误的，D选项“以上都没有。”符合题意。故选D项。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.”（即使对科学史略知一二，也能举出许多科学家认为他们已经解决的问题的例子，结果却发现这些问题需要重新考虑。）以及第三段“Science is a process of learning and discovery”（科学是一个学习和发现的过程）可知，作者打算告诉我们，科学发现并不是一成不变的，科学是一个学习和发现的过程，因此我们需要为变化做好准备。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us don’t like to think too much about rubbish.___51___. However, household waste is a major contributor to our planet’s waste problem. Like it or not, it needs to be managed if we are to have a brighter green future.
When it comes to being responsible for our own rubbish, the best way to approach it is by following the three golden rules of waste management, or the ‘3 Rs’-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
“The order is important.____52____ ,” says Eugene Tay, Director of Green Future Solutions in Singapore. “Recycling still affects the environment and should be done last after reduce and reuse.”
But, when our efforts to reduce and reuse still result in an overflowing rubbish bin, the advantages of recycling cannot be ignored. “____53____,” says Amy Ho, Managing Director of World Wide Fund For Nature in Singapore. “The damage to our environment could then be slowed down as a result. ”
In fact, by recycling just one plastic bottle, you are saving not just the material to make a new one, but you also stop it from getting thrown into a landfill(垃圾掩埋场)for up to 700 years-and that’s before it even starts to rot. ____54____.
Recycling is so important that we really have no excuse not to do the simplest of household tasks that will make a difference.
“_____55_____ , ”says Ho. “Starting with recycling grey water for gardening purposes, to recycling materials such as glass, paper and iron-it all reduces the use of raw materials.”
A. We put it in the bin and don’t think too far beyond that
B. The collective action of individuals can make a significant effect
C. It‘s important for every household to make good use of grey water
D. Waste reduction and reuse is usually the best way to decrease waste
E. The three rules of waste management should be followed by every household
F. Recycling reduces the use of raw materials and so protects our natural resources
G. Recycling just 10% plastic bottles would keep 90 million kilograms of plastic out of landfills
【答案】51. A 52. D 53. F 54. G 55. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从少用、重复使用和循环利用三个方面介绍了如何减少家庭垃圾。
【51题详解】
根据上文“Most of us don’t like to think too much about rubbish（大多数人不喜欢对于垃圾有太多的思考）”和下文“However, household waste is a major contributor to our planet’s waste problem（然而，家庭垃圾使我们星球垃圾问题的主要制造者）可知，空处承上启下，说明人们只是扔垃圾，除此之外并没有多思考，导致了地球垃圾的大量堆积。为这句转折来做铺垫。A项”我们把它放在垃圾桶，除此之外也没想太多”符合题意。故选A。
【52题详解】
由上文“Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.（少用，重复使用和循环利用）”以及空处上文“The order is important.（顺序很重要）”可知这部分要分别讲Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.三个的措施的顺序，所以这部分先讲减少废物和重用通常是最好的方法来减少浪费。D项“减少废物和重用通常是最好的方法来减少浪费”符合题意。故选D。
【53题详解】
由上文“when our efforts to reduce and reuse still result in an overflowing rubbish bin, the advantages of recycling cannot be ignored.（当我们减少和再利用垃圾的努力仍然导致垃圾箱满溢时，回收利用的好处不容忽视）”可知，这部分是需要讲回收利用的好处。F项“回收减少原材料的使用，以此来保护我们的自然资源”符合语境。故选F。
【54题详解】
由上文“but you also stop it from getting thrown into a landfill (垃圾掩埋场) for up to 700 years—and that’s before it even starts to rot（但你也可以阻止它被扔进垃圾填埋场长达700年，甚至在它开始腐烂之前）”可知，这部分在讲回收利用可以减少垃圾掩埋。G项“仅回收10%的塑料瓶就可以使9000万公斤的塑料垃圾远离填埋场”符合题意。故选G。
【55题详解】
根据后文“Starting with recycling grey water for gardening purposes, to recycling materials such as glass, paper and iron—it all reduces the use of raw materials.（从回收利用灰水（生活中污染较轻的水）为园艺用途，回收利用比如玻璃、纸张和铁开始，这所有的回收利用都可以减少使用原材料）可知，此处主要讲述从生活小处入手注重回收利用垃圾节约资源。B项”个人的集体行动可以产生显著的影响”符合题意。故选B。
第四部分：书面表达(共四节，满分50分)
第一节 选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
Group 1
从方框中选择词汇并用其正确形式填空；每空只填一个词，每词只用一次。有两个多余词汇。
extinct threat disciplined influence annoy faith approve

56. It’s really ________ when a train is late and there’s no explanation.
57. They ________ to drop him from the team if he didn’t come to practice.
58. Conservationists are setting up special areas and trying to save the pandas from ________.
59. The new policy in this city will benefit all the citizens; as a result, it has met with widespread public ________.
60. It is a highly ________ art magazine that is widely read by designers.
【答案】56. annoying
57. threatened
58. extinction
59. approval
60. influential
【解析】
【分析】从方框中选择词汇并用其正确形式填空。
【56题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当火车晚点，没有解释，真的令人烦恼。根据常识可知，火车晚点却没有解释是令人烦恼的，分析句子可知，空格处缺少形容词作表语，annoy“使烦恼”是动词，表示事物的特征用形容词annoying“令人烦恼的”，符合句意，故填annoying。
【57题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他们威胁说，如果他不来训练，就把他开除。分析句子可知，空格处缺少动词作谓语，threat“威胁”是名词，动词形式threaten“威胁”符合句意，由下文的“didn’t come”可知，用一般过去时。故填threatened。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：自然资源保护主义者正在建立一些特殊的区域，努力挽救熊猫免于灭绝。分析句子可在，介词from后接名词，extinct“灭绝的”是形容词，名词形式extinction“灭绝”是不可数名词，故填extinction。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个城市的新政策将使所有公民受益；因此，它得到了公众的普遍赞成。根据上文“The new policy in this city will benefit all the citizens”可推断，新政策让所有的市民受益，因此得到公众的普遍赞成，形容词修饰名词，名词作宾语，approve“赞成”是动词，名词形式是approval“赞成”是不可数名词，故填approval。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它是一本被设计师们广泛阅读的极具影响力的艺术杂志。根据“is widely read by designers”可知，这是一本极具影响力的艺术杂志。修饰名词用形容词作定语，influence“影响”是动词也是名词，形容词是influential“有影响力的”，故填influential。
Group 2
从方框中选择词汇并用其正确形式填空；每空只填一个词，每词只用一次。有两个多余词汇。
stick innovate incredible urge injure occasional obsess

61. If you don’t warm up before taking exercise, you risk ________ yourself.
62. This door seems to be ________. Can you help me push it open?
63. Big companies are always looking for ________ products that can’t be easily copied.
64. It’s ________ difficult to be objective about something which you’re immersed in.
65. I got a note from Alicia ________ me to get in touch as soon as possible.
【答案】61. injuring
62. stuck 63. innovative
64. incredibly
65. urging
【解析】
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果运动前不热身，你就有受伤的危险。动词injure “伤害”符合句意，risk doing sth是固定用法，故用其动名词作宾语。故填injuring。
【62题详解】
考查动词过去分词。句意：这扇门好像卡住了。你能帮我把它推开吗？动词stick“卡住”符合句意，和主语This door之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词stuck和前文to be构成不定式的被动式。故填stuck。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大公司总是在寻找不容易被复制的创新产品。动词innovate“创新”符合句意，根据后文名词products可知，用其形容词innovative作定语，修饰名词。故填innovative。
【64题详解】
考查副词。句意：要对你沉浸其中的事物保持客观是极其困难的。形容词incredible“极大的，极为”符合句意，用其副词incredibly修饰形容词difficult。故填incredibly。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我收到Alicia的一封短信，敦促我尽快和她联系。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词urge“敦促”符合句意，和所修饰的名词note之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填urging。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
66. ________ (post) their pictures on Instagram is the only thing Amy wants to do now. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Posting
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：艾米现在唯一想做的事就是把他们的照片发到Instagram上。 分析句子结构可知，此空为动名词作主语，故填Posting。
【点睛】
67. While we were hiking in the Gobi, some support cars followed us all the way to help keep us ________ (supply). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】supplied
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们在戈壁徒步旅行时，一些支援车一路跟着我们，以帮助我们提供补给 。分析句子可知，supply“供应；补充”，作宾语补足语，与宾语us是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填supplied。
68. So far, “Metaverse”(元宇宙), a concept considered as the future of the internet, ________ (mention) several times in his talk. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has been mentioned
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，“元宇宙”这个被认为是互联网未来的概念，在他的演讲中被多次提及。根据时间状语So far可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，动词mention和主语Metaverse之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done）。主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填has been mentioned。
69. The team also spoke to people in the West End Bar, some of ________ were there the week before. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whom
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这一小组还和伦敦西区酒吧的人谈过，他们中的一些人前一周还在那里。分析句子结构可知，“The team also spoke to people in the West End Bar”是主句，“some of ____were there the week before.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是people(人)，指人，且定语从句中缺少介词后面的宾语，此处关系词直接跟在介词后面作宾语， 即“介词+关系代词”，所以只能用whom不能用who，且不能省略，故填whom。
70. ________ conservation of several species of dolphin is going on. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】The
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：对几种海豚的保护正在进行中。根据句意可知，此处名词conservation由介词短语of several species of dolphin修饰，为特指概念，应用定冠词限定。句首字母大写，故填The。
71. For our autumn outing, we are going to explore Tianjin in groups on our own, ________ many of us are so looking forward to. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我们的秋游中，我们将独自组团去探访天津，这是我们许多人都非常期待的。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面主句部分，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中用作宾语。故填which。
72. ________ (start) at sea level, the route climbs to a height of 3,275 meters at the end, covering 105 kilometers. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Starting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：路线从海平面开始，最后上升到3275米的高度，全长105公里。分析句子，climbs是谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，start与逻辑主语the route之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，starting置于句首，首字母大写。故填Starting。
73. I also came to express my thanks to the artists who are devoting their time and talents to ________ (help) to construct schools for kids in remote areas. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】helping
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我也来向那些投入时间和才华帮助偏远地区的孩子建造学校的艺术家们表示感谢。分析句子可知，devote...to...“投入……到……”是固定短语，to是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填helping。
【点睛】
74. She picked up her antique teapot at ________ European flea market. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】a
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：她在欧洲的一个跳蚤市场买了她的古董茶壶。分析句子可知，此处泛指“欧洲的一个跳蚤市场”，market是可数名词，European以辅音音素开头，故填a。
75. In 1963 we moved to Boston, ________ my grandparents lived. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1963年，我们搬去了波士顿，我的祖父母生活在那里。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词Boston，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填where。
第三节 翻译(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
76. 父母应当参与孩子的教育过程，帮助他们养成好习惯。(involve；habit短语) （汉译英）
【答案】Parents should involve themselves in their children's education, and help them form into good habits.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。此处主语为复数名词parents；表示“参与”短语为involve oneself in，should后跟动词原形；表示“教育”应用名词education；表示“帮助某人做某事”短语为help sb. do sth.；表示“养成好习惯”短语为form into good habits。故翻译为Parents should involve themselves in their children's education, and help them form into good habits.
77. 运动会上，大部分运动员都将自己推向了极限。校长给表现优秀的运动员们颁奖。(limit n.; present v.) （汉译英）
【答案】At the sports meet, the majority of athletes pushed themselves to the limits. The principal presented prizes to those who performed well.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构、名词、动词等。分析句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示“在运动会上”为介词短语at the sports meet，作状语；表示“大部分运动员”可用名词短语the majority of athletes，作主语；表示“都将自己推向了极限”为pushed themselves to the limits，谓语动词用过去式，push …to the limits是习惯表达，可数名词limit用复数。表示“校长”可用名词短语the principal作主语；表示“给表现优秀的运动员们颁奖”为presented prizes to those who performed well，谓语动词present用过去式，present…to…是固定搭配，定语从句who performed well修饰先行词those。句首字母大写，故翻译为At the sports meet, the majority of athletes pushed themselves to the limits. The principal presented prizes to those who performed well.
78. Harley不遗余力地摆脱他不喜欢的生活方式，想要开始他的新生活。(effort；drop短语) （汉译英）
【答案】Harley spared no effort to drop out of the lifestyle he didn’t prefer, eager to start his new life.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构、名词、动词短语等。分析句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示“Harley不遗余力地”为Harley spared no effort，谓语动词用过去式，spare no effort to do sth是固定短语；表示“摆脱他不喜欢的生活方式”为动词不定式短语to drop out of the lifestyle he didn’t prefer作目的状语，drop out of“退出，摆脱”是固定搭配，省略关系代词的定语从句he didn’t prefer修饰先行词the lifestyle，表示“想要开始他的新生活”，可用形容词eager后接动词不定式to start his new life表达，作状语。故翻译为Harley spared no effort to drop out of the lifestyle he didn’t prefer, eager to start his new life.
79. 她与别人的不同之处在于她做什么事情都很努力。(set短语；apply短语) （汉译英）
【答案】What sets her apart from others is that she always applies herself to whatever she does.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和从句。表示“与....区别开”应用动词短语set......apart from .....；表示“尽全力做某事，努力做某事”短语为apply oneself to doing sth，作表语从句的谓语；表示“她所做的任何事情”从句为whatever 引导的whatever she does。what引导主语从句 。that引导表语从句。从句为一般现在时，故翻译为What sets her apart from others is that she always applies herself to whatever she does.
【点睛】
80. 他发现他无法集中注意力在他的试卷上，这导致了他彻底的失利。(focus v.; result短语）（汉译英）
【答案】He found he couldn't focus his attention on the exam paper which resulted in complete failure.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构、动词、动词短语等。分析句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示“他发现他无法集中注意力在他的试卷上”为he found he couldn’t focus his attention on the exam paper，用主谓宾句型，谓语动词用过去式，宾语为that（可省略）引导的从句，focus…on是固定搭配；表示“这导致了他彻底的失利”为which resulted in complete failure，非限制性定语从句，逗号和前文隔开，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，result in“导致”是固定搭配，在从句中作谓语，动词用过去式。故翻译为He found he couldn’t focus his attention on the exam paper, which resulted in complete failure.
第四节 写作 (满分20分)
81. 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim最近写信给你，谈到他打算参加学校举办的纪念世界地球日的演讲活动，并正在为他的演讲搜集信息，他写信询问中国的现状。请回信，内容包括：
1. 目前中国面临的比较严重的环境问题。
2. 政府采取了哪些措施。
3. 你对于环境问题的态度。
注意：1. 词数不少于60词。
2. 开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It was in your last letter that you asked about the environment problems we are confronted with. Therefore, I am more than delighted to throw light on the topic.
Despite the growth in our living standards, recent years have seen some worsening environment pollution problems: you sometimes find yourself coughing bitterly, which is caused by heavy smog blanketing some of the cities; mountains of garbage are dumped into rivers and lakes. Aimed at protecting our environment, the government has taken practical steps, including bringing into effect laws prohibiting inappropriate sorting of rubbish and cutting down the use of fossil fuel. I have faith in the government’s determination and ability to bring pollution under control.
May your speech be a great success!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。你的美国朋友Jim最近要参加一个环保主题的演讲活动，写信向你求助，希望你给他介绍一下中国的环境问题及政府措施，并表明你对此的态度。
【详解】1.词汇积累
面对：be faced with→be confronted with
倾倒：throw→dump
笼罩：cover→blanket
高兴的：glad→delighted
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I have faith in the government’s determination and ability to bring pollution under control.
拓展句：I have faith in the government’s determination and ability to bring pollution under control, which is in the best interests of Chinese people.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was in your last letter that you asked about the environment problems we are confronted with. (运用了强调句)
[高分句型2] you sometimes find yourself coughing bitterly, which is caused by heavy smog blanketing some of the cities; (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
听力答案：1-5 CCBAB 6-10 CBACB
11. manage 12. library 13. exactly 14. schedule 15. changes