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高一入学模拟试卷01 【暑假自学课】2023年新高一英语（人教版2019必修1）
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这是一份高一入学模拟试卷01 【暑假自学课】2023年新高一英语（人教版2019必修1），共29页。
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回；
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
（2022·湖北·高一华中师大一附中校考开学考试）Burlington School, London
Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. Our standard of teaching is high, with courses in General and Specialist English. The coffee bar is open all day serving freshly-cooked meals, and the school organizes a range of social activities to complement(补充) the classes. Students live either in homestays or in one of our hotels.
See Burlington School courses and save 10%.
University of Liverpool, English Language Centre
You can have confidence in the University of Liverpool. While studying here, you will benefit from modern English teaching methods in small classes of fewer than 16 students.
See University of Liverpool courses and save 12%.
Interactive English School, Brighton
We are a small friendly school. Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. All of our teachers are native speakers, qualified and experienced. Our prices are very affordable and start from 60 per week for full-time courses of 12 lessons.
See Interactive English School courses and save 5%.
New School of English, Cambridge
The New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge. The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adults aged at least 16 from all over the world. These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas. They have a range of accommodation choices for students.
See New School of English courses and save 5%.
1．What can we know about Burlington School?
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in Parsons Green, London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
2．Which school can provide more personalized courses?
A．Burlington School. B．New School of English.
C．University of Liverpool. D．Interactive English School.
3．Who could be interested in the schools?
A．English professors. B．French speakers.
C．Foreign English learners. D．Foreign travel agents.
B
（2022秋·山东临沂·高一山东省临沂第一中学校考开学考试）Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.
“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.
“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.
From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.
Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.
4．Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?
A．General Miranda. B．Her uncle James Barry.
C．A soldier in the British Army. D．A professor from Edinburgh University.
5．What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Change one’s clothes. B．Dress like a doctor.
C．Change one’s appearance. D．Dress like a gentleman.
6．Which was Dr. James Barry’s achievement in her job?
A．Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.
B．Graduating from the most famous medical university.
C．Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.
D．Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully.
7．What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years?
A．James Barry left much money. B．Dr. James Barry was a woman.
C．Margaret died in her twenties. D．General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.
C
（2022秋·四川雅安·高一雅安中学校考开学考试）Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favourite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜), are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with some fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
8．What is the present situation of tonic food?
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
9．What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Fish soup.
10．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.
11．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To present the charm of Chinese cuisine.
B．To show the popularity of tonic food.
C．To introduce Chinese tonic food.
D．To tell the differences between hot food and cold food.
D
（2022秋·江苏扬州·高一校考开学考试）Natural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species grows or develops well because of certain features that make it more likely(可能的) to live than others in its group. The history of the peppered moth (灰蛾) is an example of the natural selection process.
In nineteenth-century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend (融合) into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundreds or even thousands of years to happen. For the peppered moth, this process happened comparatively(相对地) quickly.
At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light-colored and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark-colored wings. Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot (煤烟) and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth went from being mostly light-colored to being mostly dark-colored.
In the twentieth century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lightened because of less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels dropped. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “naturally selected” to survive(生存).
12．What do we know about the peppered moth’s natural selection process?
A．It was a good example of environmental protection.
B．The soot levels in England did not affect it.
C．This type of color change was typical for moths.
D．The length of time was unusual.
13．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．Both kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.
B．Birds failed to see light-colored moths.
C．There were more light-colored moths than dark-colored moths in the beginning.
D．The color of moths was unimportant.
14．Which would most likely happen if soot darkened England’s trees again?
A．Birds would eat fewer moths.
B．Light-colored moths would disturb people’s life.
C．Moths would not be able to stay alive.
D．The population of dark-colored moths would increase.
15．We can infer from the text that in England ________.
A．the surrounding environment may affect some peppered moths’ survival
B．birds preferred to eat dark-colored moths than to light-colored ones
C．different types of peppered moths liked different kinds of tree trunk
D．birds were dangerously affected by the soot levels
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考开学考试）More than ever before, students all over the world are turning to online learning to further their education. 16 In order to help you as an online learner develop better study skills, keep reading to see some of the best study tips.
Practice Good Time Management. Time management is possibly one of the most important and valuable skills for online learners. 17 If you are busy with online studies as well as other commitments, avoid a study period right before an exam. It’s recommended that you plan ahead and be responsible for your own time.
Remove Distractions. This might be a hard step to conquer. From social media to kids playing in the next room, you’re bound to face countless amounts of distractions. The best advice is to try your best to lessen all the distractions and stay focused! Of course, distractions are unique to each individual and may also depend on circumstances. 18
Build Your Network. Many online courses are developed around the concept of cooperation with professors and educators who encourage students to work together to achieve their end goals. This is why it is important to build as many relationships as possible not only with your peers but with professors too. 19 Don’t be afraid to create a virtual study group either.
Create A Dedicated Study Space. 20 You needn’t recreate a proper university lecture room. Instead set up a study space to which you dedicate your studies to. Whether it’s in your own home or at the local library, it doesn’t really matter. What is important is that you create a space that is not only quiet but will be effective as well.
A．This tip is actually a whole lot simpler than people think.
B．You need regular access to a computer to take online classes.
C．Engage in as many discussions and group sessions as possible.
D．Eventually, you will need to find what exactly works best for you.
E．The better you manage your time, the easier it will be to achieve your goals.
F．Make sure that your space is well lit with the right supplies necessary for your study.
G．Despite its huge benefits like added flexibility, this way of learning can be challenging for people.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022秋·江苏无锡·高一校考开学考试）A minister(牧师) was on a long flight. The first 21 of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.
As the minister looked 22 the aircraft, it became obvious that many of the passengers became 23 . Later, a voice over the intercom(内部通话系统) said, “We are so sorry that we are unable to 24 the meal at this time. The currents are ahead of us.” And then the storm broke. Lightning lit up the darkening skies, and within moments the great plane was tossed(使摇摆) around.
The minister recalled, “As I looked around the plane, I could see that nearly all the 25 were scared. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. Obviously, the storm 26 nothing to her. She was reading a book on her seat and everything within her small world was 27 . Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs, but worry and 28 were not in her world.”
The minister could hardly believe his eyes. It was not surprising, 29 , that when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying to 30 the plane, the minister came up to the girl whom he had 31 for such a long time. Having talked about the storm, he asked why she had not been afraid.
The child replied, “That was because my 32 was the pilot, and he would take me home.”
There are many kinds of 33 that frightened us. Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms can easily and quickly 34 our sky and throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement. We have all known such times, and let us be honest and accept, it is much easier to be at ease when our feet are on the ground than 35 we are being tossed about a darkened sky.
Let us remember: Our father is the driver. He is in control and taking us home. Don’t worry.
21．A．suffering B．effort C．warning D．chance
22．A．over B．around C．into D．at
23．A．worried B．relaxed C．annoyed D．inspired
24．A．buy B．cook C．complete D．serve
25．A．passengers B．pilots C．officials D．crew
26．A．presented B．brought C．meant D．created
27．A．likely B．friendly C．deadly D．orderly
28．A．fear B．knowledge C．stress D．expectation
29．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead
30．A．drive off B．pull over C．land on D．get off
31．A．watched B．attended C．remarked D．complained
32．A．uncle B．dad C．brother D．cousin
33．A．accidents B．quarrels C．storms D．anger
34．A．destroy B．cover C．darken D．break
35．A．until B．when C．unless D．if
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2022秋·安徽六安·高一安徽省舒城中学校考开学考试）It was the first time for Tom Jenkins to spend Spring Festival in China with his host family. Spring Festival is 36 (high) valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu 37 (attach) upside down to the front door. People believe that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
Xu Gang usually starts planning his trip home weeks before Spring Festival 38 it is difficult to book train tickets or flights. When he gets home, his parents will tell him 39 has been happening — who has got 40 (marry) or had children or gone away to university. When he was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and 41 (decorate). As he gets older, coming home is the most important part of it.
Li Yan and her husband are both retired. Weeks before Spring Festival, they think about what the children would like to eat and what dishes need 42 (prepare). They always have jiaozi as they mean something special on this occasion — they are 43 sign of people’s wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.
Throughout history, some of the 44 (origin)customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — 45 (keep).
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2022秋·四川绵阳·高一四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）假如你是李华，新学期开始，你来到了新的学校，开启了崭新的高中生活。请你给远在新西兰的笔友Bill写一封信，和他分享你的感受。要点如下：
1. 新学校的环境；2. 新同学新老师给你的印象；3. 你对高中生活的期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
How is everything recently?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一中学校考开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My knees started shaking, yet my body froze. It felt as though my soul departed my body and I had no control over it. Anxiously, I looked through the roster (名单) posted on the wall of the locker room. My heart was beating harder and harder as I slowly saw all my friends' names on that list but could not find mine. At that moment, I froze. I just could not accept that all my friends were on the basketball team while I was not.
I was so convinced there was a mistake that I went and found the coach. “Hey, coach, are you sure that the roster you posted is correct?” I asked anxiously, dreading (担心) his answer.
“Yes, the names on the list are finalized. Sorry if you did not make it this year, there is always next year,” the coach replied.
I could feel the hot, bitter tears filling my eyes, and I ran out of the room as fast as I could. Trying to forget about the situation, I headed over to the cafeteria to buy some food. I felt dead inside, like nothing mattered. Walking was such a burden that it felt as if I had a 100-pound weight tied to my backpack. My mind was also blank for the rest of the school day. Everything my teachers said went in one ear and out the other.
After school, as I walked to the parking lot to get picked up, I saw all my friends gathered near the back of the lot, celebrating and joking around. I detoured (绕道) around the side of the school to avoid them, trying not to think about being the only one in our friend group failing to make the team.
I saw my father's red car pull up near the school lot. I walked up to the car and got in. He smiled at me, turned on the radio, and started driving home. And soon he noticed my gloomy face, and asked me what was wrong. “Nothing. Well, it's just that all my friends made the school team. Everyone! Except me...” I stammered (口吃). “Well, what are you going to do about it? Are you just going to sit there and wait?” he asked. Surprised, I didn't know what to say.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I just shook my head and went into my room.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After almost a year of practicing and training, I tried out for the team again.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回；
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
（2022·湖北·高一华中师大一附中校考开学考试）Burlington School, London
Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. Our standard of teaching is high, with courses in General and Specialist English. The coffee bar is open all day serving freshly-cooked meals, and the school organizes a range of social activities to complement(补充) the classes. Students live either in homestays or in one of our hotels.
See Burlington School courses and save 10%.
University of Liverpool, English Language Centre
You can have confidence in the University of Liverpool. While studying here, you will benefit from modern English teaching methods in small classes of fewer than 16 students.
See University of Liverpool courses and save 12%.
Interactive English School, Brighton
We are a small friendly school. Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. All of our teachers are native speakers, qualified and experienced. Our prices are very affordable and start from 60 per week for full-time courses of 12 lessons.
See Interactive English School courses and save 5%.
New School of English, Cambridge
The New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge. The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adults aged at least 16 from all over the world. These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas. They have a range of accommodation choices for students.
See New School of English courses and save 5%.
1．What can we know about Burlington School?
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in Parsons Green, London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
2．Which school can provide more personalized courses?
A．Burlington School. B．New School of English.
C．University of Liverpool. D．Interactive English School.
3．Who could be interested in the schools?
A．English professors. B．French speakers.
C．Foreign English learners. D．Foreign travel agents.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章以广告的形式介绍了英国四所语言学校的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Burlington School, London 中的“Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. (伯灵顿学校位于帕森斯格林，从伦敦市中心乘坐地铁15分钟)”可知Burlington School位于伦敦的帕森斯格林，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Interactive English School, Brighton中的“Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. (作为一个小学校意味着我们可以比大学校更容易满足你的个人需求)”可知Interactive English School可以提供更个性化的课程，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章对四个学校的介绍，我们知道这四所是位于英国的英语学习学校。由此推知，外国英语学习者会对这些学校感兴趣。故选C。
B
（2022秋·山东临沂·高一山东省临沂第一中学校考开学考试）Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.
“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.
“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.
From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.
Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.
4．Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?
A．General Miranda. B．Her uncle James Barry.
C．A soldier in the British Army. D．A professor from Edinburgh University.
5．What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Change one’s clothes. B．Dress like a doctor.
C．Change one’s appearance. D．Dress like a gentleman.
6．Which was Dr. James Barry’s achievement in her job?
A．Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.
B．Graduating from the most famous medical university.
C．Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.
D．Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully.
7．What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years?
A．James Barry left much money. B．Dr. James Barry was a woman.
C．Margaret died in her twenties. D．General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Margaret Ann Bulkley为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him.(他的朋友米兰达将军有一个藏书6000多本书的图书馆。玛格丽特喜欢在那里读书。她的聪明才智给他留下了深刻的印象)”以及第三段中““Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.”(“是的，你可以！”General Miranda说。“你所要做的就是伪装成一个男孩。”)”可知，是叔叔的朋友General Miranda鼓励她去实现自己的梦想。故选 A。
5．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes.(于是她剪掉了长发，练习用低沉的声音说话，穿上了男孩的衣服)”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，故画线词意思与change one’s appearance 同义。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa.( Barry不仅改善了伤兵的条件，也改善了当地人的条件，并在非洲成功实施了有记录的第一例剖腹产手术)”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是她所取得的成就之一。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.( Margaret很想成为一名医生。于是她剪掉了长发，练习用低沉的声音说话，穿上了男孩的衣服。她还给自己起名叫James Barry)”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密。故选B。
C
（2022秋·四川雅安·高一雅安中学校考开学考试）Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favourite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜), are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with some fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
8．What is the present situation of tonic food?
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
9．What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Fish soup.
10．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.
11．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To present the charm of Chinese cuisine.
B．To show the popularity of tonic food.
C．To introduce Chinese tonic food.
D．To tell the differences between hot food and cold food.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的补品是为了增进健康或避免疾病而吃的食物，并列举了有关补品的几个例子来说明补品对身体的好处。
8．细节理解题。由第一段中的“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food. (但是，有一个关于中国食物的有趣概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人越来越忽视了这个概念——古代的补品习俗)”可知，补品正越来越被东方年轻人所忽视，即补品的现状是越来越不被注意，故选A项。
9．细节理解题。由第二段中的“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. (例如，过去，新妈妈们在产后第一个月每天吃麻油火锅是一种习俗)”可知，麻油火锅对于新妈妈有好处，故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. (为了更健康的生活而使用补品的习俗也影响了catering业。中草药，如枸杞，可以在许多餐厅的菜单上找到，或者添加到水果茶中，或者作为一道菜的有益补充)”可知，许多餐馆的菜单上都有枸杞等中草药，说明为了健康的饮食，补品也在影响着餐饮行业。catering意为“餐馆（Restaurant）”，catering industry为餐饮业，故选B项。
11．推理判断题。由第一段中的“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food. (但是，有一个关于中国食物的有趣概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人越来越忽视了这个概念——古代的补品习俗)”和第二段中的“Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. (补品是为了增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食品)”及其他内容可知，文章的目的是介绍正日益被东方年轻人所忽视的中国补品，故选C项。
D
（2022秋·江苏扬州·高一校考开学考试）Natural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species grows or develops well because of certain features that make it more likely(可能的) to live than others in its group. The history of the peppered moth (灰蛾) is an example of the natural selection process.
In nineteenth-century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend (融合) into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundreds or even thousands of years to happen. For the peppered moth, this process happened comparatively(相对地) quickly.
At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light-colored and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark-colored wings. Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot (煤烟) and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth went from being mostly light-colored to being mostly dark-colored.
In the twentieth century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lightened because of less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels dropped. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “naturally selected” to survive(生存).
12．What do we know about the peppered moth’s natural selection process?
A．It was a good example of environmental protection.
B．The soot levels in England did not affect it.
C．This type of color change was typical for moths.
D．The length of time was unusual.
13．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．Both kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.
B．Birds failed to see light-colored moths.
C．There were more light-colored moths than dark-colored moths in the beginning.
D．The color of moths was unimportant.
14．Which would most likely happen if soot darkened England’s trees again?
A．Birds would eat fewer moths.
B．Light-colored moths would disturb people’s life.
C．Moths would not be able to stay alive.
D．The population of dark-colored moths would increase.
15．We can infer from the text that in England ________.
A．the surrounding environment may affect some peppered moths’ survival
B．birds preferred to eat dark-colored moths than to light-colored ones
C．different types of peppered moths liked different kinds of tree trunk
D．birds were dangerously affected by the soot levels
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以灰蛾为例，解释了什么是自然选择。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Natural selection often takes hundreds or even thousands of years to happen. For the peppered moth, this process happened comparatively(相对地) quickly.(自然选择通常需要数百年甚至数千年才能发生。对于灰蛾来说，这个过程发生得相对较快。)”可知，通常而言自然选择是需要数百年甚至数千年才能发生，然而灰蛾自然选择的过程发生得较快。即灰蛾自然选择时间的长度是不同寻常。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. (因为浅色的蛾子和树上浅色的树皮混在一起，所以它们不容易被吃它们的鸟类发现。)”可知，鸟类看不到浅色的飞蛾。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot (煤烟) and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. (然而，随着空气污染越来越严重，树干被煤烟覆盖，颜色也越来越深。在深色树干的衬托下，浅色的飞蛾很容易被鸟儿看到。由于深色蛾子现在占了优势，它们的数量增加了。)”可知，如果烟尘再次使英国的树木变黑，深色蛾子会占优势，它们的数量会增加。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the twentieth century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lightened because of less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels dropped. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “naturally selected” to survive(生存).( 到了20世纪，空气变好了，胡椒蛾的数量又发生了变化。由于空气中烟尘的减少，树干变轻了，浅色的蛾子再一次有了优势。随着烟尘水平的下降，它们的数量增加。根据它们所处的环境，飞蛾的颜色帮助它们“自然选择”生存下来)”可知，周围环境可能会影响一些斑蛾的生存。故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考开学考试）More than ever before, students all over the world are turning to online learning to further their education. 16 In order to help you as an online learner develop better study skills, keep reading to see some of the best study tips.
Practice Good Time Management. Time management is possibly one of the most important and valuable skills for online learners. 17 If you are busy with online studies as well as other commitments, avoid a study period right before an exam. It’s recommended that you plan ahead and be responsible for your own time.
Remove Distractions. This might be a hard step to conquer. From social media to kids playing in the next room, you’re bound to face countless amounts of distractions. The best advice is to try your best to lessen all the distractions and stay focused! Of course, distractions are unique to each individual and may also depend on circumstances. 18
Build Your Network. Many online courses are developed around the concept of cooperation with professors and educators who encourage students to work together to achieve their end goals. This is why it is important to build as many relationships as possible not only with your peers but with professors too. 19 Don’t be afraid to create a virtual study group either.
Create A Dedicated Study Space. 20 You needn’t recreate a proper university lecture room. Instead set up a study space to which you dedicate your studies to. Whether it’s in your own home or at the local library, it doesn’t really matter. What is important is that you create a space that is not only quiet but will be effective as well.
A．This tip is actually a whole lot simpler than people think.
B．You need regular access to a computer to take online classes.
C．Engage in as many discussions and group sessions as possible.
D．Eventually, you will need to find what exactly works best for you.
E．The better you manage your time, the easier it will be to achieve your goals.
F．Make sure that your space is well lit with the right supplies necessary for your study.
G．Despite its huge benefits like added flexibility, this way of learning can be challenging for people.
【答案】16．G 17．E 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了帮助在线学习者的一些学习技巧。
16．根据上文“More than ever before, students all over the world are turning to online learning to further their education.(世界各地的学生比以往任何时候都更多地转向在线学习来继续他们的教育。)”再根据下文“In order to help you as an online learner develop better study skills, keep reading to see some of the best study tips.(为了帮助在线学习者培养更好的学习技能，请继续阅读下面的一些最好的学习技巧。) ”由此可知设空处起到承上启下的作用，既要承接上文说在线学习，又连接下文，过度到怎么在线学习，G选项“尽管这种学习方式有很大的好处，比如增加灵活性，但对人们来说可能是一种挑战。”符合语境，承上启下，故选G。
17．根据本段主题句“Practice Good Time Management. (练习良好的时间管理。)”和上文“Time management is possibly one of the most important and valuable skills for online learners.( 时间管理可能是在线学习者最重要和最有价值的技能之一。)”可知本段主要讲述时间管理对于在线学习者很重要，可推断下文继续讲时间管理带来的好处；E选项“你管理时间越好，就越容易实现目标。”符合语境，故选E。
18．根据上文“The best advice is to try your best to lessen all the distractions and stay focused! Of course, distractions are unique to each individual and may also depend on circumstances.(最好的建议是尽你最大的努力减少所有的干扰，保持专注！当然，分心对每个人来说都是独一无二的，也可能取决于环境。)”可知这里是给出减少干扰的建议，但是每个人的情况都是不一样的，所以应该是根据自己的情况找寻最佳的方法，D选项“最终，你需要找到最适合你的方法。”符合语境，承接上文，故选D。
19．根据上文“Many online courses are developed around the concept of cooperation with professors and educators who encourage students to work together to achieve their end goals. This is why it is important to build as many relationships as possible not only with your peers but with professors too.(许多在线课程都是围绕着与教授和教育工作者合作的概念开发的，他们鼓励学生们共同努力实现他们的最终目标。这就是为什么你不仅要和你的同学，还要和教授建立尽可能多的关系。)”可知在线学习者应该尽可能多的进行小组学习，C选项“参加尽可能多的讨论和小组会议。”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据本段主题句“Create A Dedicated Study Space.(创造一个专门的学习空间。)”可知本段是关于学习空间的，A选项“这个建议实际上比人们想象的要简单得多。”中的“This tip”指代主题句这个建议，并且和下文“You needn’t recreate a proper university lecture room.(你不需要再造一个像样的大学讲堂。)”连接紧密，所以起到承上启下的作用，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022秋·江苏无锡·高一校考开学考试）A minister(牧师) was on a long flight. The first 21 of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.
As the minister looked 22 the aircraft, it became obvious that many of the passengers became 23 . Later, a voice over the intercom(内部通话系统) said, “We are so sorry that we are unable to 24 the meal at this time. The currents are ahead of us.” And then the storm broke. Lightning lit up the darkening skies, and within moments the great plane was tossed(使摇摆) around.
The minister recalled, “As I looked around the plane, I could see that nearly all the 25 were scared. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. Obviously, the storm 26 nothing to her. She was reading a book on her seat and everything within her small world was 27 . Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs, but worry and 28 were not in her world.”
The minister could hardly believe his eyes. It was not surprising, 29 , that when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying to 30 the plane, the minister came up to the girl whom he had 31 for such a long time. Having talked about the storm, he asked why she had not been afraid.
The child replied, “That was because my 32 was the pilot, and he would take me home.”
There are many kinds of 33 that frightened us. Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms can easily and quickly 34 our sky and throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement. We have all known such times, and let us be honest and accept, it is much easier to be at ease when our feet are on the ground than 35 we are being tossed about a darkened sky.
Let us remember: Our father is the driver. He is in control and taking us home. Don’t worry.
21．A．suffering B．effort C．warning D．chance
22．A．over B．around C．into D．at
23．A．worried B．relaxed C．annoyed D．inspired
24．A．buy B．cook C．complete D．serve
25．A．passengers B．pilots C．officials D．crew
26．A．presented B．brought C．meant D．created
27．A．likely B．friendly C．deadly D．orderly
28．A．fear B．knowledge C．stress D．expectation
29．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead
30．A．drive off B．pull over C．land on D．get off
31．A．watched B．attended C．remarked D．complained
32．A．uncle B．dad C．brother D．cousin
33．A．accidents B．quarrels C．storms D．anger
34．A．destroy B．cover C．darken D．break
35．A．until B．when C．unless D．if
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位牧师所乘坐的飞机遇到风暴，当大家担心恐惧的时候，他发现一个小女孩非常镇静，询问得知，这小女孩相信作为飞行员的爸爸一定会安全把她带回家。通过故事得到要脚踏实地地去迎战人生所遇到的风暴和挫折的感悟。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当飞机上的标志亮起：系好安全带，这是问题即将出现的第一个警告。A. suffering痛苦；B. effort努力；C. warning警告；D. chance机会。根据后文“when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts”可知，此处指警告。故选C项。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当这位牧师环顾飞机四周时，很明显，许多乘客开始担心。A. look over查看；B. look around在环顾四周；C. look into调查；D. look at看。根据后文“it became obvious that many of the passengers became 3 .”可知，牧师环顾四周。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这位牧师环顾飞机四周时，很明显，许多乘客开始担心。A. worried担心的；B. relaxed放松的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. inspired受到启发的。根据前文“The first 1 of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.”可知，许多乘客开始担心。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很抱歉，我们现在不能供应这顿饭餐。A. buy买；B. cook烹饪；C. complete完成；D. serve提供，端上，服务。根据语境和后文“the meal”可知，飞机要应对特殊情况，此时不能提供饭餐。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我环顾飞机四周时，我可以看到几乎所有的乘客都很害怕。A. passengers乘客；B. pilots飞行员；C. officials官员；D. crew船员。根据前文“it became obvious that many of the passengers became 3 .”可知，此处指乘客。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，风暴对她来说毫无意义。A. presented颁发，授予；B. brought带来；C. meant意思是、意味；D. created创造。根据语境和后文“She was reading a book on her seat”以及“but worry and 8 were not in her world”可知，风暴对她来说并不意味着什么。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她坐在座位上看书，她的小世界里一切都井然有序。A. likely可能的；B. friendly友好的；C. deadly致命的；D. orderly有秩序的。根据前文“She was reading a book on her seat”和后文“but worry and 8 were not in her world”可知，她的世界里秩序井然。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时她伸直双腿，但她的世界里没有担心和恐惧。A. fear恐惧；B. knowledge知识；C. stress重点；D. expectation预料。根据语境和前文“nearly all the 5 were scared”可知，在其他乘客担心恐惧的时候，她并没有恐惧。故选A项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当飞机终于到达目的地，所有的乘客都急着下飞机时，牧师走到他观察了这么久的女孩面前，也就不足为奇了。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. instead反而，代替。后文“the minister came up to the girl whom he had 11 for such a long time”等内容和前文存在因果关系。故选B项。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，当飞机终于到达目的地，所有的乘客都急着下飞机时，牧师走到他观察了这么久的女孩面前，也就不足为奇了。A. drive off赶走；B. pull over靠边停车；C. land on登陆；D. get off下车，离开。根据前文“the plane finally reached its destination”可知，乘客急忙下飞机。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当飞机终于到达目的地，所有的乘客都急着下飞机时，牧师走到他观察了这么久的女孩面前，也就不足为奇了。A. watched观察；B. attended出席；C. remarked评论；D. complained抱怨。根据语境和前文“Then I suddenly saw a little girl.”等内容可知，牧师一直在观察这个小女孩。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是因为我爸爸是飞行员，他会带我回家。A. uncle叔叔；B. dad爸爸；C. brother兄弟；D. cousin同辈表亲或堂亲。根据后文“Our father is the driver.”可知，小女孩之所以不害怕，是她相信她的爸爸。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有很多种事故让我们害怕。A. accidents事故；B. quarrels争吵；C. storms暴风雨；D. anger愤怒。基于前文的分析及后文“Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms”可知，遇到事故会让我们害怕。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：身体的、精神的、财务的、家庭的和许多其他的风暴可以很容易很快地使我们的天空变得黑暗，使我们的飞机进入明显不可控的运动状态。A. destroy摧毁；B. cover覆盖；C. darken变暗；D. break打断。根据语境和前文“storms”可知，风暴可以使天空变得黑暗。故选C项。
35．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道这样的时刻，让我们诚实地接受，脚踏实地比在黑暗的天空中被抛来抛去更容易。A. until直到；B. when当……时候；C. unless除非；D. if如果。根据语境和前文“when our feet are on the ground”可知，此处指我们在黑暗的天空中被抛来抛去的时候。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2022秋·安徽六安·高一安徽省舒城中学校考开学考试）It was the first time for Tom Jenkins to spend Spring Festival in China with his host family. Spring Festival is 36 (high) valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu 37 (attach) upside down to the front door. People believe that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
Xu Gang usually starts planning his trip home weeks before Spring Festival 38 it is difficult to book train tickets or flights. When he gets home, his parents will tell him 39 has been happening — who has got 40 (marry) or had children or gone away to university. When he was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and 41 (decorate). As he gets older, coming home is the most important part of it.
Li Yan and her husband are both retired. Weeks before Spring Festival, they think about what the children would like to eat and what dishes need 42 (prepare). They always have jiaozi as they mean something special on this occasion — they are 43 sign of people’s wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.
Throughout history, some of the 44 (origin)customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — 45 (keep).
【答案】36．highly 37．was attached 38．as 39．what 40．married 41．decorations 42．to be prepared/preparing 43．a 44．original 45．has been kept
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过三个人物的小故事来介绍了中国的春节习俗。
36．考查副词。句意：每个中国家庭都非常重视春节。根据句意，提示词在句中修饰动词valued，应用副词highly作状语，意为“极其，非常；高度地”。故填highly。
37．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：接着，“福”字被倒贴在前门上。分析句子可知，attach(贴上)是句中谓语动词，与主语the Chinese character Fu之间是被动关系，与前文保持时态一致，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was attached。
38．考查连词。句意：徐刚通常在春节前几周就开始计划回家，因为火车票和机票都很难订到。根据句意，“火车票和机票难订”是“徐刚在春节前几周就开始计划回家”的原因，用连词as引导原因状语从句，其意为“因为”。故填as。
39．考查名词性从句。句意：当他回到家，他的父母会告诉他一直以来发生的事——谁结婚了，谁有孩子了，谁去上大学了。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的(人/事/物/话/地方灯)”。分析句子可知，空格后是宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作主语，表示“发生的事情”。综上，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故填what。
40．考查形容词。句意：当他回到家，他的父母会告诉他一直以来发生的事——谁结婚了，谁有孩子了，谁去上大学了。系动词get后跟形容词married，作表语，表明主语的状态。故填married。
41．考查名词。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，春节就是放鞭炮、吃糖果和弄装饰品。分析句子可知，提示词与名词firecrackers和sweets是并列关系，作宾语，也应用名词decoration，表示“装饰品”常用复数形式decorations。故填decorations。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：春节前几周，他们会考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么，需要准备什么菜。根据句意，提示词prepare与逻辑主语dishes之间是被动关系；表示“需要被……”可用need to be done或need doing，其中动名词doing主动表被动。故填to be prepared/preparing。
43．考查冠词。句意：他们总是吃饺子，因为饺子在这个节日有特殊的意义——饺子象征着人们对来年健康和幸福的祝愿。a sign of...是固定短语，意为“……的象征/标志”。故填a。
44．考查形容词。句意：随着历史的发展，一些原先的习俗已经改变了，但是节日的精神——家庭精神——被保留了下来。根据句意，提示词修饰名词customs，作定语，应用形容词original，意为“起初的，原先的”。故填original。
45．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着历史的发展，一些原先的习俗已经改变了，但是节日的精神——家庭精神——被保留了下来。分析句子可知，keep(保留)是句中谓语动词，与主语the spirit of the festival之间是被动关系，结合上文时态，强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，单数形式。故填has been kept。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2022秋·四川绵阳·高一四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）假如你是李华，新学期开始，你来到了新的学校，开启了崭新的高中生活。请你给远在新西兰的笔友Bill写一封信，和他分享你的感受。要点如下：
1. 新学校的环境；2. 新同学新老师给你的印象；3. 你对高中生活的期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
How is everything recently?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Bill,
How is everything recently?
At the beginning of the new semester, I came to a new school, opening a brand new high school life. I am writing to share my feelings with you.
First of all, our new school is located in the mountains, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. There are five teaching buildings and two big gymnasiums in the school. Secondly, the teachers in the new school use perfect teaching methods in their work and treat the students strictly and responsibly. The students who are all friendly,get along very well.They leave me a deep impression. Finally, the new environment means a new life. I am full of expectations for my high school life. I will try my best to study hard, hoping to be admitted to my ideal university. I believe my dream will come true .
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一中学校考开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My knees started shaking, yet my body froze. It felt as though my soul departed my body and I had no control over it. Anxiously, I looked through the roster (名单) posted on the wall of the locker room. My heart was beating harder and harder as I slowly saw all my friends' names on that list but could not find mine. At that moment, I froze. I just could not accept that all my friends were on the basketball team while I was not.
I was so convinced there was a mistake that I went and found the coach. “Hey, coach, are you sure that the roster you posted is correct?” I asked anxiously, dreading (担心) his answer.
“Yes, the names on the list are finalized. Sorry if you did not make it this year, there is always next year,” the coach replied.
I could feel the hot, bitter tears filling my eyes, and I ran out of the room as fast as I could. Trying to forget about the situation, I headed over to the cafeteria to buy some food. I felt dead inside, like nothing mattered. Walking was such a burden that it felt as if I had a 100-pound weight tied to my backpack. My mind was also blank for the rest of the school day. Everything my teachers said went in one ear and out the other.
After school, as I walked to the parking lot to get picked up, I saw all my friends gathered near the back of the lot, celebrating and joking around. I detoured (绕道) around the side of the school to avoid them, trying not to think about being the only one in our friend group failing to make the team.
I saw my father's red car pull up near the school lot. I walked up to the car and got in. He smiled at me, turned on the radio, and started driving home. And soon he noticed my gloomy face, and asked me what was wrong. “Nothing. Well, it's just that all my friends made the school team. Everyone! Except me...” I stammered (口吃). “Well, what are you going to do about it? Are you just going to sit there and wait?” he asked. Surprised, I didn't know what to say.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I just shook my head and went into my room.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After almost a year of practicing and training, I tried out for the team again.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I just shook my head and went into my room. I thought hard and realized that nobody was going to give me a place on that team. I would have to earn it. Having decided to work toward my goal of making the team, I biked to the gym near my school every day after school and trained for two hours. There were moments when I didn't think I could keep on going, but I powered through it.
After almost a year of practicing and training, I tried out for the team again. “Believe in yourself,” I said to myself. “Hard work pays off.” After the tryout, I felt confident and congratulated myself. Regardless of the outcome, I knew that I had worked hard and learned something about mental toughness. The next day, I found out I made the team. Seeing my name printed in large bold letters, I felt as though all my dreams came true. The greater the effort, the sweeter the reward, and by making the team, I had officially made a turnaround.
【导语】本文以作者参加学校球队的选拔经历为线索展开。第一年，作者成了所有的朋友中唯一一个没被选入球队的，作者感到非常伤心，见到朋友都要躲着走。回到家后，作者下定决心要为自己争取机会。每天放学后，作者都要骑车到健身房训练两个小时。经过一年的训练后，作者再次参加球队的选拔，这次他终于成功了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我只是摇了摇头，走进我的房间。”可知，第一段可描写作者进入房间后的心理活动，描写他如何下决心为自己争取机会。再由第二段首句内容中衔接第一段和第二段的内容“经过近一年的练习和训练”可知，第一段还要描写作者是如何进行训练的。
②由第二段首句内容“经过将近一年的练习和训练，我再次参加了球队的选拔。”可知，第二段可描写作者再次参加球队选拔的情况以及被选上以后的心理感受。
2.续写线索：未被球队选上——沮丧难过——决心为自己争取机会——努力训练——再次参加选拔并取得成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.骑车：bike/cycle/ride
2.继续做：keep on doing/go on doing/continue doing
3.决定做某事：decide to do sth/determine to do sth
情绪类
1.相信自己：believe in yourself/trust yourself/have faith in yourself
2.确信的：confident/assured/convinced
【点睛】[高分句型1] Having decided to work toward my goal of making the team, I biked to the gym near my school every day after school and trained for two hours. （运用了having done的非谓语形式作状语）
[高分句型2] Seeing my name printed in large bold letters, I felt as though all my dreams came true.（运用了现在分词作状语和as though引导的表语从句）
[高分句型3] The greater the effort, the sweeter the reward, and by making the team, I had officially made a turnaround.（the+比较级，the+比较级表示：越……，越……）
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回；
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
（2022·湖北·高一华中师大一附中校考开学考试）Burlington School, London
Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. Our standard of teaching is high, with courses in General and Specialist English. The coffee bar is open all day serving freshly-cooked meals, and the school organizes a range of social activities to complement(补充) the classes. Students live either in homestays or in one of our hotels.
See Burlington School courses and save 10%.
University of Liverpool, English Language Centre
You can have confidence in the University of Liverpool. While studying here, you will benefit from modern English teaching methods in small classes of fewer than 16 students.
See University of Liverpool courses and save 12%.
Interactive English School, Brighton
We are a small friendly school. Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. All of our teachers are native speakers, qualified and experienced. Our prices are very affordable and start from 60 per week for full-time courses of 12 lessons.
See Interactive English School courses and save 5%.
New School of English, Cambridge
The New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge. The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adults aged at least 16 from all over the world. These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas. They have a range of accommodation choices for students.
See New School of English courses and save 5%.
1．What can we know about Burlington School?
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in Parsons Green, London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
2．Which school can provide more personalized courses?
A．Burlington School. B．New School of English.
C．University of Liverpool. D．Interactive English School.
3．Who could be interested in the schools?
A．English professors. B．French speakers.
C．Foreign English learners. D．Foreign travel agents.
B
（2022秋·山东临沂·高一山东省临沂第一中学校考开学考试）Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.
“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.
“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.
From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.
Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.
4．Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?
A．General Miranda. B．Her uncle James Barry.
C．A soldier in the British Army. D．A professor from Edinburgh University.
5．What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Change one’s clothes. B．Dress like a doctor.
C．Change one’s appearance. D．Dress like a gentleman.
6．Which was Dr. James Barry’s achievement in her job?
A．Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.
B．Graduating from the most famous medical university.
C．Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.
D．Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully.
7．What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years?
A．James Barry left much money. B．Dr. James Barry was a woman.
C．Margaret died in her twenties. D．General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.
C
（2022秋·四川雅安·高一雅安中学校考开学考试）Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favourite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜), are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with some fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
8．What is the present situation of tonic food?
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
9．What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Fish soup.
10．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.
11．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To present the charm of Chinese cuisine.
B．To show the popularity of tonic food.
C．To introduce Chinese tonic food.
D．To tell the differences between hot food and cold food.
D
（2022秋·江苏扬州·高一校考开学考试）Natural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species grows or develops well because of certain features that make it more likely(可能的) to live than others in its group. The history of the peppered moth (灰蛾) is an example of the natural selection process.
In nineteenth-century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend (融合) into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundreds or even thousands of years to happen. For the peppered moth, this process happened comparatively(相对地) quickly.
At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light-colored and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark-colored wings. Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot (煤烟) and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth went from being mostly light-colored to being mostly dark-colored.
In the twentieth century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lightened because of less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels dropped. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “naturally selected” to survive(生存).
12．What do we know about the peppered moth’s natural selection process?
A．It was a good example of environmental protection.
B．The soot levels in England did not affect it.
C．This type of color change was typical for moths.
D．The length of time was unusual.
13．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．Both kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.
B．Birds failed to see light-colored moths.
C．There were more light-colored moths than dark-colored moths in the beginning.
D．The color of moths was unimportant.
14．Which would most likely happen if soot darkened England’s trees again?
A．Birds would eat fewer moths.
B．Light-colored moths would disturb people’s life.
C．Moths would not be able to stay alive.
D．The population of dark-colored moths would increase.
15．We can infer from the text that in England ________.
A．the surrounding environment may affect some peppered moths’ survival
B．birds preferred to eat dark-colored moths than to light-colored ones
C．different types of peppered moths liked different kinds of tree trunk
D．birds were dangerously affected by the soot levels
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考开学考试）More than ever before, students all over the world are turning to online learning to further their education. 16 In order to help you as an online learner develop better study skills, keep reading to see some of the best study tips.
Practice Good Time Management. Time management is possibly one of the most important and valuable skills for online learners. 17 If you are busy with online studies as well as other commitments, avoid a study period right before an exam. It’s recommended that you plan ahead and be responsible for your own time.
Remove Distractions. This might be a hard step to conquer. From social media to kids playing in the next room, you’re bound to face countless amounts of distractions. The best advice is to try your best to lessen all the distractions and stay focused! Of course, distractions are unique to each individual and may also depend on circumstances. 18
Build Your Network. Many online courses are developed around the concept of cooperation with professors and educators who encourage students to work together to achieve their end goals. This is why it is important to build as many relationships as possible not only with your peers but with professors too. 19 Don’t be afraid to create a virtual study group either.
Create A Dedicated Study Space. 20 You needn’t recreate a proper university lecture room. Instead set up a study space to which you dedicate your studies to. Whether it’s in your own home or at the local library, it doesn’t really matter. What is important is that you create a space that is not only quiet but will be effective as well.
A．This tip is actually a whole lot simpler than people think.
B．You need regular access to a computer to take online classes.
C．Engage in as many discussions and group sessions as possible.
D．Eventually, you will need to find what exactly works best for you.
E．The better you manage your time, the easier it will be to achieve your goals.
F．Make sure that your space is well lit with the right supplies necessary for your study.
G．Despite its huge benefits like added flexibility, this way of learning can be challenging for people.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022秋·江苏无锡·高一校考开学考试）A minister(牧师) was on a long flight. The first 21 of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.
As the minister looked 22 the aircraft, it became obvious that many of the passengers became 23 . Later, a voice over the intercom(内部通话系统) said, “We are so sorry that we are unable to 24 the meal at this time. The currents are ahead of us.” And then the storm broke. Lightning lit up the darkening skies, and within moments the great plane was tossed(使摇摆) around.
The minister recalled, “As I looked around the plane, I could see that nearly all the 25 were scared. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. Obviously, the storm 26 nothing to her. She was reading a book on her seat and everything within her small world was 27 . Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs, but worry and 28 were not in her world.”
The minister could hardly believe his eyes. It was not surprising, 29 , that when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying to 30 the plane, the minister came up to the girl whom he had 31 for such a long time. Having talked about the storm, he asked why she had not been afraid.
The child replied, “That was because my 32 was the pilot, and he would take me home.”
There are many kinds of 33 that frightened us. Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms can easily and quickly 34 our sky and throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement. We have all known such times, and let us be honest and accept, it is much easier to be at ease when our feet are on the ground than 35 we are being tossed about a darkened sky.
Let us remember: Our father is the driver. He is in control and taking us home. Don’t worry.
21．A．suffering B．effort C．warning D．chance
22．A．over B．around C．into D．at
23．A．worried B．relaxed C．annoyed D．inspired
24．A．buy B．cook C．complete D．serve
25．A．passengers B．pilots C．officials D．crew
26．A．presented B．brought C．meant D．created
27．A．likely B．friendly C．deadly D．orderly
28．A．fear B．knowledge C．stress D．expectation
29．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead
30．A．drive off B．pull over C．land on D．get off
31．A．watched B．attended C．remarked D．complained
32．A．uncle B．dad C．brother D．cousin
33．A．accidents B．quarrels C．storms D．anger
34．A．destroy B．cover C．darken D．break
35．A．until B．when C．unless D．if
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2022秋·安徽六安·高一安徽省舒城中学校考开学考试）It was the first time for Tom Jenkins to spend Spring Festival in China with his host family. Spring Festival is 36 (high) valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu 37 (attach) upside down to the front door. People believe that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
Xu Gang usually starts planning his trip home weeks before Spring Festival 38 it is difficult to book train tickets or flights. When he gets home, his parents will tell him 39 has been happening — who has got 40 (marry) or had children or gone away to university. When he was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and 41 (decorate). As he gets older, coming home is the most important part of it.
Li Yan and her husband are both retired. Weeks before Spring Festival, they think about what the children would like to eat and what dishes need 42 (prepare). They always have jiaozi as they mean something special on this occasion — they are 43 sign of people’s wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.
Throughout history, some of the 44 (origin)customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — 45 (keep).
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2022秋·四川绵阳·高一四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）假如你是李华，新学期开始，你来到了新的学校，开启了崭新的高中生活。请你给远在新西兰的笔友Bill写一封信，和他分享你的感受。要点如下：
1. 新学校的环境；2. 新同学新老师给你的印象；3. 你对高中生活的期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
How is everything recently?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一中学校考开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My knees started shaking, yet my body froze. It felt as though my soul departed my body and I had no control over it. Anxiously, I looked through the roster (名单) posted on the wall of the locker room. My heart was beating harder and harder as I slowly saw all my friends' names on that list but could not find mine. At that moment, I froze. I just could not accept that all my friends were on the basketball team while I was not.
I was so convinced there was a mistake that I went and found the coach. “Hey, coach, are you sure that the roster you posted is correct?” I asked anxiously, dreading (担心) his answer.
“Yes, the names on the list are finalized. Sorry if you did not make it this year, there is always next year,” the coach replied.
I could feel the hot, bitter tears filling my eyes, and I ran out of the room as fast as I could. Trying to forget about the situation, I headed over to the cafeteria to buy some food. I felt dead inside, like nothing mattered. Walking was such a burden that it felt as if I had a 100-pound weight tied to my backpack. My mind was also blank for the rest of the school day. Everything my teachers said went in one ear and out the other.
After school, as I walked to the parking lot to get picked up, I saw all my friends gathered near the back of the lot, celebrating and joking around. I detoured (绕道) around the side of the school to avoid them, trying not to think about being the only one in our friend group failing to make the team.
I saw my father's red car pull up near the school lot. I walked up to the car and got in. He smiled at me, turned on the radio, and started driving home. And soon he noticed my gloomy face, and asked me what was wrong. “Nothing. Well, it's just that all my friends made the school team. Everyone! Except me...” I stammered (口吃). “Well, what are you going to do about it? Are you just going to sit there and wait?” he asked. Surprised, I didn't know what to say.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I just shook my head and went into my room.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After almost a year of practicing and training, I tried out for the team again.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回；
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
（2022·湖北·高一华中师大一附中校考开学考试）Burlington School, London
Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. Our standard of teaching is high, with courses in General and Specialist English. The coffee bar is open all day serving freshly-cooked meals, and the school organizes a range of social activities to complement(补充) the classes. Students live either in homestays or in one of our hotels.
See Burlington School courses and save 10%.
University of Liverpool, English Language Centre
You can have confidence in the University of Liverpool. While studying here, you will benefit from modern English teaching methods in small classes of fewer than 16 students.
See University of Liverpool courses and save 12%.
Interactive English School, Brighton
We are a small friendly school. Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. All of our teachers are native speakers, qualified and experienced. Our prices are very affordable and start from 60 per week for full-time courses of 12 lessons.
See Interactive English School courses and save 5%.
New School of English, Cambridge
The New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge. The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adults aged at least 16 from all over the world. These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas. They have a range of accommodation choices for students.
See New School of English courses and save 5%.
1．What can we know about Burlington School?
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in Parsons Green, London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
2．Which school can provide more personalized courses?
A．Burlington School. B．New School of English.
C．University of Liverpool. D．Interactive English School.
3．Who could be interested in the schools?
A．English professors. B．French speakers.
C．Foreign English learners. D．Foreign travel agents.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章以广告的形式介绍了英国四所语言学校的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Burlington School, London 中的“Burlington School is located in Parsons Green, 15 minutes by underground from the centre of London. (伯灵顿学校位于帕森斯格林，从伦敦市中心乘坐地铁15分钟)”可知Burlington School位于伦敦的帕森斯格林，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Interactive English School, Brighton中的“Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can. (作为一个小学校意味着我们可以比大学校更容易满足你的个人需求)”可知Interactive English School可以提供更个性化的课程，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章对四个学校的介绍，我们知道这四所是位于英国的英语学习学校。由此推知，外国英语学习者会对这些学校感兴趣。故选C。
B
（2022秋·山东临沂·高一山东省临沂第一中学校考开学考试）Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.
“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.
“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.
From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.
Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.
4．Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?
A．General Miranda. B．Her uncle James Barry.
C．A soldier in the British Army. D．A professor from Edinburgh University.
5．What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Change one’s clothes. B．Dress like a doctor.
C．Change one’s appearance. D．Dress like a gentleman.
6．Which was Dr. James Barry’s achievement in her job?
A．Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.
B．Graduating from the most famous medical university.
C．Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.
D．Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully.
7．What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years?
A．James Barry left much money. B．Dr. James Barry was a woman.
C．Margaret died in her twenties. D．General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Margaret Ann Bulkley为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him.(他的朋友米兰达将军有一个藏书6000多本书的图书馆。玛格丽特喜欢在那里读书。她的聪明才智给他留下了深刻的印象)”以及第三段中““Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.”(“是的，你可以！”General Miranda说。“你所要做的就是伪装成一个男孩。”)”可知，是叔叔的朋友General Miranda鼓励她去实现自己的梦想。故选 A。
5．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes.(于是她剪掉了长发，练习用低沉的声音说话，穿上了男孩的衣服)”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，故画线词意思与change one’s appearance 同义。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa.( Barry不仅改善了伤兵的条件，也改善了当地人的条件，并在非洲成功实施了有记录的第一例剖腹产手术)”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是她所取得的成就之一。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.( Margaret很想成为一名医生。于是她剪掉了长发，练习用低沉的声音说话，穿上了男孩的衣服。她还给自己起名叫James Barry)”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密。故选B。
C
（2022秋·四川雅安·高一雅安中学校考开学考试）Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favourite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach (菠菜), are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes (小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with some fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
8．What is the present situation of tonic food?
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
9．What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Fish soup.
10．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.
11．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To present the charm of Chinese cuisine.
B．To show the popularity of tonic food.
C．To introduce Chinese tonic food.
D．To tell the differences between hot food and cold food.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的补品是为了增进健康或避免疾病而吃的食物，并列举了有关补品的几个例子来说明补品对身体的好处。
8．细节理解题。由第一段中的“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food. (但是，有一个关于中国食物的有趣概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人越来越忽视了这个概念——古代的补品习俗)”可知，补品正越来越被东方年轻人所忽视，即补品的现状是越来越不被注意，故选A项。
9．细节理解题。由第二段中的“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. (例如，过去，新妈妈们在产后第一个月每天吃麻油火锅是一种习俗)”可知，麻油火锅对于新妈妈有好处，故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. (为了更健康的生活而使用补品的习俗也影响了catering业。中草药，如枸杞，可以在许多餐厅的菜单上找到，或者添加到水果茶中，或者作为一道菜的有益补充)”可知，许多餐馆的菜单上都有枸杞等中草药，说明为了健康的饮食，补品也在影响着餐饮行业。catering意为“餐馆（Restaurant）”，catering industry为餐饮业，故选B项。
11．推理判断题。由第一段中的“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East — the ancient custom of tonic food. (但是，有一个关于中国食物的有趣概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人越来越忽视了这个概念——古代的补品习俗)”和第二段中的“Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. (补品是为了增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食品)”及其他内容可知，文章的目的是介绍正日益被东方年轻人所忽视的中国补品，故选C项。
D
（2022秋·江苏扬州·高一校考开学考试）Natural selection is the process by which one type of animal within a species grows or develops well because of certain features that make it more likely(可能的) to live than others in its group. The history of the peppered moth (灰蛾) is an example of the natural selection process.
In nineteenth-century England, certain types of peppered moths were able to better blend (融合) into their surroundings. During that time period, great changes were happening in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was part of this change, and with it came air pollution. Natural selection often takes hundreds or even thousands of years to happen. For the peppered moth, this process happened comparatively(相对地) quickly.
At the beginning of the Industrial Age, most peppered moths in England were light-colored and covered with black markings, although a few moths had dark-colored wings. Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot (煤烟) and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. Within 50 years, the peppered moth went from being mostly light-colored to being mostly dark-colored.
In the twentieth century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lightened because of less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels dropped. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “naturally selected” to survive(生存).
12．What do we know about the peppered moth’s natural selection process?
A．It was a good example of environmental protection.
B．The soot levels in England did not affect it.
C．This type of color change was typical for moths.
D．The length of time was unusual.
13．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．Both kinds of moths preferred the dark-colored trees.
B．Birds failed to see light-colored moths.
C．There were more light-colored moths than dark-colored moths in the beginning.
D．The color of moths was unimportant.
14．Which would most likely happen if soot darkened England’s trees again?
A．Birds would eat fewer moths.
B．Light-colored moths would disturb people’s life.
C．Moths would not be able to stay alive.
D．The population of dark-colored moths would increase.
15．We can infer from the text that in England ________.
A．the surrounding environment may affect some peppered moths’ survival
B．birds preferred to eat dark-colored moths than to light-colored ones
C．different types of peppered moths liked different kinds of tree trunk
D．birds were dangerously affected by the soot levels
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以灰蛾为例，解释了什么是自然选择。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Natural selection often takes hundreds or even thousands of years to happen. For the peppered moth, this process happened comparatively(相对地) quickly.(自然选择通常需要数百年甚至数千年才能发生。对于灰蛾来说，这个过程发生得相对较快。)”可知，通常而言自然选择是需要数百年甚至数千年才能发生，然而灰蛾自然选择的过程发生得较快。即灰蛾自然选择时间的长度是不同寻常。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because the light-colored moths blended into the light-colored bark on the trees, they could not be easily seen by birds that would eat them. (因为浅色的蛾子和树上浅色的树皮混在一起，所以它们不容易被吃它们的鸟类发现。)”可知，鸟类看不到浅色的飞蛾。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ As the air grew more polluted, however, tree trunks became covered with soot (煤烟) and became darker. The light-colored moths became easy for birds to see against the dark tree trunks. Since the dark-colored moths now had the advantage, their numbers grew. (然而，随着空气污染越来越严重，树干被煤烟覆盖，颜色也越来越深。在深色树干的衬托下，浅色的飞蛾很容易被鸟儿看到。由于深色蛾子现在占了优势，它们的数量增加了。)”可知，如果烟尘再次使英国的树木变黑，深色蛾子会占优势，它们的数量会增加。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the twentieth century, the air cleared up, and the peppered moth population changed again. As tree trunks lightened because of less soot in the air, light-colored moths once again had an advantage. Their numbers increased as soot levels dropped. Depending on their environment, the coloration of the moths helped them to be “naturally selected” to survive(生存).( 到了20世纪，空气变好了，胡椒蛾的数量又发生了变化。由于空气中烟尘的减少，树干变轻了，浅色的蛾子再一次有了优势。随着烟尘水平的下降，它们的数量增加。根据它们所处的环境，飞蛾的颜色帮助它们“自然选择”生存下来)”可知，周围环境可能会影响一些斑蛾的生存。故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考开学考试）More than ever before, students all over the world are turning to online learning to further their education. 16 In order to help you as an online learner develop better study skills, keep reading to see some of the best study tips.
Practice Good Time Management. Time management is possibly one of the most important and valuable skills for online learners. 17 If you are busy with online studies as well as other commitments, avoid a study period right before an exam. It’s recommended that you plan ahead and be responsible for your own time.
Remove Distractions. This might be a hard step to conquer. From social media to kids playing in the next room, you’re bound to face countless amounts of distractions. The best advice is to try your best to lessen all the distractions and stay focused! Of course, distractions are unique to each individual and may also depend on circumstances. 18
Build Your Network. Many online courses are developed around the concept of cooperation with professors and educators who encourage students to work together to achieve their end goals. This is why it is important to build as many relationships as possible not only with your peers but with professors too. 19 Don’t be afraid to create a virtual study group either.
Create A Dedicated Study Space. 20 You needn’t recreate a proper university lecture room. Instead set up a study space to which you dedicate your studies to. Whether it’s in your own home or at the local library, it doesn’t really matter. What is important is that you create a space that is not only quiet but will be effective as well.
A．This tip is actually a whole lot simpler than people think.
B．You need regular access to a computer to take online classes.
C．Engage in as many discussions and group sessions as possible.
D．Eventually, you will need to find what exactly works best for you.
E．The better you manage your time, the easier it will be to achieve your goals.
F．Make sure that your space is well lit with the right supplies necessary for your study.
G．Despite its huge benefits like added flexibility, this way of learning can be challenging for people.
【答案】16．G 17．E 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了帮助在线学习者的一些学习技巧。
16．根据上文“More than ever before, students all over the world are turning to online learning to further their education.(世界各地的学生比以往任何时候都更多地转向在线学习来继续他们的教育。)”再根据下文“In order to help you as an online learner develop better study skills, keep reading to see some of the best study tips.(为了帮助在线学习者培养更好的学习技能，请继续阅读下面的一些最好的学习技巧。) ”由此可知设空处起到承上启下的作用，既要承接上文说在线学习，又连接下文，过度到怎么在线学习，G选项“尽管这种学习方式有很大的好处，比如增加灵活性，但对人们来说可能是一种挑战。”符合语境，承上启下，故选G。
17．根据本段主题句“Practice Good Time Management. (练习良好的时间管理。)”和上文“Time management is possibly one of the most important and valuable skills for online learners.( 时间管理可能是在线学习者最重要和最有价值的技能之一。)”可知本段主要讲述时间管理对于在线学习者很重要，可推断下文继续讲时间管理带来的好处；E选项“你管理时间越好，就越容易实现目标。”符合语境，故选E。
18．根据上文“The best advice is to try your best to lessen all the distractions and stay focused! Of course, distractions are unique to each individual and may also depend on circumstances.(最好的建议是尽你最大的努力减少所有的干扰，保持专注！当然，分心对每个人来说都是独一无二的，也可能取决于环境。)”可知这里是给出减少干扰的建议，但是每个人的情况都是不一样的，所以应该是根据自己的情况找寻最佳的方法，D选项“最终，你需要找到最适合你的方法。”符合语境，承接上文，故选D。
19．根据上文“Many online courses are developed around the concept of cooperation with professors and educators who encourage students to work together to achieve their end goals. This is why it is important to build as many relationships as possible not only with your peers but with professors too.(许多在线课程都是围绕着与教授和教育工作者合作的概念开发的，他们鼓励学生们共同努力实现他们的最终目标。这就是为什么你不仅要和你的同学，还要和教授建立尽可能多的关系。)”可知在线学习者应该尽可能多的进行小组学习，C选项“参加尽可能多的讨论和小组会议。”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据本段主题句“Create A Dedicated Study Space.(创造一个专门的学习空间。)”可知本段是关于学习空间的，A选项“这个建议实际上比人们想象的要简单得多。”中的“This tip”指代主题句这个建议，并且和下文“You needn’t recreate a proper university lecture room.(你不需要再造一个像样的大学讲堂。)”连接紧密，所以起到承上启下的作用，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022秋·江苏无锡·高一校考开学考试）A minister(牧师) was on a long flight. The first 21 of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.
As the minister looked 22 the aircraft, it became obvious that many of the passengers became 23 . Later, a voice over the intercom(内部通话系统) said, “We are so sorry that we are unable to 24 the meal at this time. The currents are ahead of us.” And then the storm broke. Lightning lit up the darkening skies, and within moments the great plane was tossed(使摇摆) around.
The minister recalled, “As I looked around the plane, I could see that nearly all the 25 were scared. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. Obviously, the storm 26 nothing to her. She was reading a book on her seat and everything within her small world was 27 . Sometimes she closed her eyes, and then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs, but worry and 28 were not in her world.”
The minister could hardly believe his eyes. It was not surprising, 29 , that when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying to 30 the plane, the minister came up to the girl whom he had 31 for such a long time. Having talked about the storm, he asked why she had not been afraid.
The child replied, “That was because my 32 was the pilot, and he would take me home.”
There are many kinds of 33 that frightened us. Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms can easily and quickly 34 our sky and throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement. We have all known such times, and let us be honest and accept, it is much easier to be at ease when our feet are on the ground than 35 we are being tossed about a darkened sky.
Let us remember: Our father is the driver. He is in control and taking us home. Don’t worry.
21．A．suffering B．effort C．warning D．chance
22．A．over B．around C．into D．at
23．A．worried B．relaxed C．annoyed D．inspired
24．A．buy B．cook C．complete D．serve
25．A．passengers B．pilots C．officials D．crew
26．A．presented B．brought C．meant D．created
27．A．likely B．friendly C．deadly D．orderly
28．A．fear B．knowledge C．stress D．expectation
29．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead
30．A．drive off B．pull over C．land on D．get off
31．A．watched B．attended C．remarked D．complained
32．A．uncle B．dad C．brother D．cousin
33．A．accidents B．quarrels C．storms D．anger
34．A．destroy B．cover C．darken D．break
35．A．until B．when C．unless D．if
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位牧师所乘坐的飞机遇到风暴，当大家担心恐惧的时候，他发现一个小女孩非常镇静，询问得知，这小女孩相信作为飞行员的爸爸一定会安全把她带回家。通过故事得到要脚踏实地地去迎战人生所遇到的风暴和挫折的感悟。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当飞机上的标志亮起：系好安全带，这是问题即将出现的第一个警告。A. suffering痛苦；B. effort努力；C. warning警告；D. chance机会。根据后文“when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts”可知，此处指警告。故选C项。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当这位牧师环顾飞机四周时，很明显，许多乘客开始担心。A. look over查看；B. look around在环顾四周；C. look into调查；D. look at看。根据后文“it became obvious that many of the passengers became 3 .”可知，牧师环顾四周。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这位牧师环顾飞机四周时，很明显，许多乘客开始担心。A. worried担心的；B. relaxed放松的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. inspired受到启发的。根据前文“The first 1 of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane flashed on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.”可知，许多乘客开始担心。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很抱歉，我们现在不能供应这顿饭餐。A. buy买；B. cook烹饪；C. complete完成；D. serve提供，端上，服务。根据语境和后文“the meal”可知，飞机要应对特殊情况，此时不能提供饭餐。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我环顾飞机四周时，我可以看到几乎所有的乘客都很害怕。A. passengers乘客；B. pilots飞行员；C. officials官员；D. crew船员。根据前文“it became obvious that many of the passengers became 3 .”可知，此处指乘客。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，风暴对她来说毫无意义。A. presented颁发，授予；B. brought带来；C. meant意思是、意味；D. created创造。根据语境和后文“She was reading a book on her seat”以及“but worry and 8 were not in her world”可知，风暴对她来说并不意味着什么。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她坐在座位上看书，她的小世界里一切都井然有序。A. likely可能的；B. friendly友好的；C. deadly致命的；D. orderly有秩序的。根据前文“She was reading a book on her seat”和后文“but worry and 8 were not in her world”可知，她的世界里秩序井然。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时她伸直双腿，但她的世界里没有担心和恐惧。A. fear恐惧；B. knowledge知识；C. stress重点；D. expectation预料。根据语境和前文“nearly all the 5 were scared”可知，在其他乘客担心恐惧的时候，她并没有恐惧。故选A项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当飞机终于到达目的地，所有的乘客都急着下飞机时，牧师走到他观察了这么久的女孩面前，也就不足为奇了。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. instead反而，代替。后文“the minister came up to the girl whom he had 11 for such a long time”等内容和前文存在因果关系。故选B项。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，当飞机终于到达目的地，所有的乘客都急着下飞机时，牧师走到他观察了这么久的女孩面前，也就不足为奇了。A. drive off赶走；B. pull over靠边停车；C. land on登陆；D. get off下车，离开。根据前文“the plane finally reached its destination”可知，乘客急忙下飞机。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当飞机终于到达目的地，所有的乘客都急着下飞机时，牧师走到他观察了这么久的女孩面前，也就不足为奇了。A. watched观察；B. attended出席；C. remarked评论；D. complained抱怨。根据语境和前文“Then I suddenly saw a little girl.”等内容可知，牧师一直在观察这个小女孩。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是因为我爸爸是飞行员，他会带我回家。A. uncle叔叔；B. dad爸爸；C. brother兄弟；D. cousin同辈表亲或堂亲。根据后文“Our father is the driver.”可知，小女孩之所以不害怕，是她相信她的爸爸。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有很多种事故让我们害怕。A. accidents事故；B. quarrels争吵；C. storms暴风雨；D. anger愤怒。基于前文的分析及后文“Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms”可知，遇到事故会让我们害怕。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：身体的、精神的、财务的、家庭的和许多其他的风暴可以很容易很快地使我们的天空变得黑暗，使我们的飞机进入明显不可控的运动状态。A. destroy摧毁；B. cover覆盖；C. darken变暗；D. break打断。根据语境和前文“storms”可知，风暴可以使天空变得黑暗。故选C项。
35．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道这样的时刻，让我们诚实地接受，脚踏实地比在黑暗的天空中被抛来抛去更容易。A. until直到；B. when当……时候；C. unless除非；D. if如果。根据语境和前文“when our feet are on the ground”可知，此处指我们在黑暗的天空中被抛来抛去的时候。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2022秋·安徽六安·高一安徽省舒城中学校考开学考试）It was the first time for Tom Jenkins to spend Spring Festival in China with his host family. Spring Festival is 36 (high) valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu 37 (attach) upside down to the front door. People believe that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
Xu Gang usually starts planning his trip home weeks before Spring Festival 38 it is difficult to book train tickets or flights. When he gets home, his parents will tell him 39 has been happening — who has got 40 (marry) or had children or gone away to university. When he was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and 41 (decorate). As he gets older, coming home is the most important part of it.
Li Yan and her husband are both retired. Weeks before Spring Festival, they think about what the children would like to eat and what dishes need 42 (prepare). They always have jiaozi as they mean something special on this occasion — they are 43 sign of people’s wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.
Throughout history, some of the 44 (origin)customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — 45 (keep).
【答案】36．highly 37．was attached 38．as 39．what 40．married 41．decorations 42．to be prepared/preparing 43．a 44．original 45．has been kept
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过三个人物的小故事来介绍了中国的春节习俗。
36．考查副词。句意：每个中国家庭都非常重视春节。根据句意，提示词在句中修饰动词valued，应用副词highly作状语，意为“极其，非常；高度地”。故填highly。
37．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：接着，“福”字被倒贴在前门上。分析句子可知，attach(贴上)是句中谓语动词，与主语the Chinese character Fu之间是被动关系，与前文保持时态一致，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was attached。
38．考查连词。句意：徐刚通常在春节前几周就开始计划回家，因为火车票和机票都很难订到。根据句意，“火车票和机票难订”是“徐刚在春节前几周就开始计划回家”的原因，用连词as引导原因状语从句，其意为“因为”。故填as。
39．考查名词性从句。句意：当他回到家，他的父母会告诉他一直以来发生的事——谁结婚了，谁有孩子了，谁去上大学了。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的(人/事/物/话/地方灯)”。分析句子可知，空格后是宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作主语，表示“发生的事情”。综上，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故填what。
40．考查形容词。句意：当他回到家，他的父母会告诉他一直以来发生的事——谁结婚了，谁有孩子了，谁去上大学了。系动词get后跟形容词married，作表语，表明主语的状态。故填married。
41．考查名词。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，春节就是放鞭炮、吃糖果和弄装饰品。分析句子可知，提示词与名词firecrackers和sweets是并列关系，作宾语，也应用名词decoration，表示“装饰品”常用复数形式decorations。故填decorations。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：春节前几周，他们会考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么，需要准备什么菜。根据句意，提示词prepare与逻辑主语dishes之间是被动关系；表示“需要被……”可用need to be done或need doing，其中动名词doing主动表被动。故填to be prepared/preparing。
43．考查冠词。句意：他们总是吃饺子，因为饺子在这个节日有特殊的意义——饺子象征着人们对来年健康和幸福的祝愿。a sign of...是固定短语，意为“……的象征/标志”。故填a。
44．考查形容词。句意：随着历史的发展，一些原先的习俗已经改变了，但是节日的精神——家庭精神——被保留了下来。根据句意，提示词修饰名词customs，作定语，应用形容词original，意为“起初的，原先的”。故填original。
45．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着历史的发展，一些原先的习俗已经改变了，但是节日的精神——家庭精神——被保留了下来。分析句子可知，keep(保留)是句中谓语动词，与主语the spirit of the festival之间是被动关系，结合上文时态，强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，单数形式。故填has been kept。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2022秋·四川绵阳·高一四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）假如你是李华，新学期开始，你来到了新的学校，开启了崭新的高中生活。请你给远在新西兰的笔友Bill写一封信，和他分享你的感受。要点如下：
1. 新学校的环境；2. 新同学新老师给你的印象；3. 你对高中生活的期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
How is everything recently?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Bill,
How is everything recently?
At the beginning of the new semester, I came to a new school, opening a brand new high school life. I am writing to share my feelings with you.
First of all, our new school is located in the mountains, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. There are five teaching buildings and two big gymnasiums in the school. Secondly, the teachers in the new school use perfect teaching methods in their work and treat the students strictly and responsibly. The students who are all friendly,get along very well.They leave me a deep impression. Finally, the new environment means a new life. I am full of expectations for my high school life. I will try my best to study hard, hoping to be admitted to my ideal university. I believe my dream will come true .
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一中学校考开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My knees started shaking, yet my body froze. It felt as though my soul departed my body and I had no control over it. Anxiously, I looked through the roster (名单) posted on the wall of the locker room. My heart was beating harder and harder as I slowly saw all my friends' names on that list but could not find mine. At that moment, I froze. I just could not accept that all my friends were on the basketball team while I was not.
I was so convinced there was a mistake that I went and found the coach. “Hey, coach, are you sure that the roster you posted is correct?” I asked anxiously, dreading (担心) his answer.
“Yes, the names on the list are finalized. Sorry if you did not make it this year, there is always next year,” the coach replied.
I could feel the hot, bitter tears filling my eyes, and I ran out of the room as fast as I could. Trying to forget about the situation, I headed over to the cafeteria to buy some food. I felt dead inside, like nothing mattered. Walking was such a burden that it felt as if I had a 100-pound weight tied to my backpack. My mind was also blank for the rest of the school day. Everything my teachers said went in one ear and out the other.
After school, as I walked to the parking lot to get picked up, I saw all my friends gathered near the back of the lot, celebrating and joking around. I detoured (绕道) around the side of the school to avoid them, trying not to think about being the only one in our friend group failing to make the team.
I saw my father's red car pull up near the school lot. I walked up to the car and got in. He smiled at me, turned on the radio, and started driving home. And soon he noticed my gloomy face, and asked me what was wrong. “Nothing. Well, it's just that all my friends made the school team. Everyone! Except me...” I stammered (口吃). “Well, what are you going to do about it? Are you just going to sit there and wait?” he asked. Surprised, I didn't know what to say.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I just shook my head and went into my room.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After almost a year of practicing and training, I tried out for the team again.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I just shook my head and went into my room. I thought hard and realized that nobody was going to give me a place on that team. I would have to earn it. Having decided to work toward my goal of making the team, I biked to the gym near my school every day after school and trained for two hours. There were moments when I didn't think I could keep on going, but I powered through it.
After almost a year of practicing and training, I tried out for the team again. “Believe in yourself,” I said to myself. “Hard work pays off.” After the tryout, I felt confident and congratulated myself. Regardless of the outcome, I knew that I had worked hard and learned something about mental toughness. The next day, I found out I made the team. Seeing my name printed in large bold letters, I felt as though all my dreams came true. The greater the effort, the sweeter the reward, and by making the team, I had officially made a turnaround.
【导语】本文以作者参加学校球队的选拔经历为线索展开。第一年，作者成了所有的朋友中唯一一个没被选入球队的，作者感到非常伤心，见到朋友都要躲着走。回到家后，作者下定决心要为自己争取机会。每天放学后，作者都要骑车到健身房训练两个小时。经过一年的训练后，作者再次参加球队的选拔，这次他终于成功了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我只是摇了摇头，走进我的房间。”可知，第一段可描写作者进入房间后的心理活动，描写他如何下决心为自己争取机会。再由第二段首句内容中衔接第一段和第二段的内容“经过近一年的练习和训练”可知，第一段还要描写作者是如何进行训练的。
②由第二段首句内容“经过将近一年的练习和训练，我再次参加了球队的选拔。”可知，第二段可描写作者再次参加球队选拔的情况以及被选上以后的心理感受。
2.续写线索：未被球队选上——沮丧难过——决心为自己争取机会——努力训练——再次参加选拔并取得成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.骑车：bike/cycle/ride
2.继续做：keep on doing/go on doing/continue doing
3.决定做某事：decide to do sth/determine to do sth
情绪类
1.相信自己：believe in yourself/trust yourself/have faith in yourself
2.确信的：confident/assured/convinced
【点睛】[高分句型1] Having decided to work toward my goal of making the team, I biked to the gym near my school every day after school and trained for two hours. （运用了having done的非谓语形式作状语）
[高分句型2] Seeing my name printed in large bold letters, I felt as though all my dreams came true.（运用了现在分词作状语和as though引导的表语从句）
[高分句型3] The greater the effort, the sweeter the reward, and by making the team, I had officially made a turnaround.（the+比较级，the+比较级表示：越……，越……）
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