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甘肃省兰州第一中学2018届高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份甘肃省兰州第一中学2018届高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共11页。
兰州一中2017-2018-1学期高三年级期中考试试题
英语
说明：本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What will you think of when it comes to “Hong Kong” and “great swimming”? Shopping sure, but swimming pool? Turns out, along with all its other attractions, Hong Kong is loaded with wonderful pools.
The Ritz－Carlton
The pool at the Ritz－Carlton is breathtaking, thanks to the view, the altitude and, of course, the swim. On the 118th floor at 484 meters above the street in the tallest building in Hong Kong, it's the world's highest swimming pool. The ceiling and walls are made up of 144 LED screens displaying coral reefs and other natural scenes.
W Hotel Hong Kong
If you have only one nice swimsuit, save it for the W Hotel Hong Kong. Only people living in this hotel can enjoy this wonderful pool, which is Hong Kong's highest rooftop pool. The hotel's signature WET deck is famous for stylish and occasionally wild poolside parties in summer. WET also features a good cocktail bar and a Jacuzzi.
Hotel Indigo
One of Hong Kong's unique experiences is swimming in Hotel Indigo's glass bottom pool. The pool protrudes from the hotel, allowing people below to see swimmers and the swimmers to do laps while checking out the traffic below. The pool is smaller compared to other local grand hotels and only available to the hotel guests.
Four Seasons Hotel
The Four Seasons Hotel gorgeous infinity pool overlooks Victoria Harbor. Even cooler, the hotel pipes in underwater music, making the swim much more wonderful, or annoying, depending on your taste in music. The pool is open only to hotel guests.
1. At which hotel can a tourist still enjoy swimming if he/she lives in none of the hotels mentioned above?
A. The Ritz－Carlton. B. W Hotel Hong Kong.
C. Hotel Indigo. D. Four Seasons Hotel.
2. What do we know about swimmers in Hotel Indigo?
A. They can be seen by people below. B. They can check out the hotel.
C. They can guide the traffic below. D. They can be asked to do laps.
3. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A research paper. B. An official announcement.
C. A tourist brochure. D. A fashion magazine.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】文章主要介绍了香港的几个旅馆游泳池及各自特色。
1. A
细节推理题。根据W Hotel Hong Kong中Only people living in this hotel can enjoy this wonderful pool；Hotel Indigo中only available to the hotel guests；Four Seasons Hotel中The pool is open only to hotel guests.可知这几个地方的游泳池只对旅馆客人开放，只有The Ritz－Carlton中的游泳池没有此限制，故选A.
2. A
细节推理题。根据Hotel Indigo中The pool protrudes from the hotel, allowing people below to see swimmers and the swimmers to do laps while checking out the traffic below.可知人们可以从下面看到游泳者，故选A.
3. C
推理判断题。文章主要介绍的是香港的几个旅馆游泳池及各自特色，这种文章应该出自旅游手册，不属于研究报告，官方公告和时尚杂志，故选C.
【名师点睛】
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文主要介绍了香港的几个旅馆游泳池及各自特色。
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
B
Have you ever imagined traveling to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?
In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built - in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents firmly hold the idea that this technology is approaching and they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.
It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part” of a translator’s job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.
It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t--or shouldn’t--involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.
Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression：volume，gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.
Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.
4. What view does the author hold about translation?
A. Proper translation can be tough for humans.
B. Slight differences matter little in translation.
C. Some machines will interpret our world properly.
D. Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
5. What is the best title for the text?
A. An Expert’s Precise Prediction
B. The Complexity of Translation
C. Who Will Be a Better Translator
D. Will Language Barrier Actually Disappear?
6. What is the author’s attitude to the modem technology?
A. Unclear B. Objective
C. Optimistic D. Negative.
7. In which column can you read the article in a newspaper?
A. Language Learning. B. Comments on hot issues.
C. Science Development. D. Translation tips.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】文章介绍了对新科技翻译耳机的优缺点，表达了人们对此不同的观点。
4. A
推理判断题。根据第四段Rather, it’s about translating meaning.和第五段Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression： volume， gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.可知翻译不是简单的词语罗列，它涉及到意义、声音、姿势、状况、文化背景等许多方面。所以恰当翻译很难，故选A.
5. D
主旨大意题。随着科技发展，有人预测将来不同语言的人交流通过专门的翻译耳机进行。作者对此怀疑，认为翻译是复杂的事，涉及到多方面的影响。D项：语言障碍真的会消失吗？概括全文，表达了作者的疑问，适合作为文章标题，故选D.
6. D
推理判断题。作者认为翻译不是简单的词语罗列，它涉及到意义、声音、姿势、状况、文化背景等许多方面。现代科技翻译耳机做不到准确翻译句子的含义，所以作者对此持否定态度，故选D.
7. B
推理判断题。文章是对新科技翻译耳机的优缺点介绍，表达了人们的不同观点。本文应出自热点问题评论栏目，故选B.
【名师点睛】
推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
本文推理判断题的考法：
2.推断文章出处。小题4考查本文出自哪个栏目，文章是对新科技翻译耳机的优缺点介绍，表达了人们的不同观点。应出自热点问题评论栏目。
C
The World Health Organization report compared the “obesity-related behaviors” for youngsters across 42 nations. And it reveals UK kids are among the laziest.
Among teenage girls, the Scots topped the league table for most screen time, with 80 per cent spending at least two hours a day on computers. Wales came fourth with 76 per cent, and England seventh with 75 per cent. Girls in Armenia and Albania were least likely to spend hours idling online.
Screen time figures for boys were even higher. Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, with 85 per cent glued to their screens for at least two hours. Scotland was third with 84 per cent, and England 15th with 77 per cent. Boys in Switzerland and Portugal were least likely to dedicate two hours a day to sitting in front of a computer.
Lead researcher Dr. Jo Inchley, from the University of St Andrews, said social media was impacting on kids' health. She said,“We know there are risks, such as cyber bullying and impact on mental health. Also, there are longer-term impacts on physical health from being sedentary. One of the main challenges is that this kind of activity (social media and computer use) is so much part of young people's lives these days.” She said more needs to be done to get kids moving throughout the day.
Dr. Steven Mann, research director for UK Active said the findings were “alarming”. He said, “Modern life has changed, but when teens are spending hours having fun with Facebook, Instagram and videogames, they simply aren't getting the exercise that they need. These alarming inactivity figures show that playtime is over before it has started for too many children, putting them at far greater risk of future conditions like heart disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.”
Tam Fry, from the National Obesity Forum, warned Brit teens are now“slaves to hand-held devices”. And the WHO warns four in five fat teens will continue to struggle with their weight throughout life. The report also shows less than half of UK youngsters consume fruit or veg daily.
8. What do we know about the“obesity-related behaviors”for youngsters across 42 nations?
A. UK kids didn't exercise enough.
B. Girls spent more time on computers than boys.
C. Girls in Wales ranked the first in terms of screen time.
D. Only Swiss boys are among the laziest.
9. What does the underlined word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Cyber bullying. B. Computer using.
C. Exercising. D. Sitting or little activity.
10. What is the main reason for obesity for UK teens?
A. Less fruit or veg consuming. B. Too much use of electronic devices.
C. Too much playtime. D. Lack of physical education.
11. Why are these screen time figures alarming?
A. UK kids will be beaten.
B. All UK kids will suffer from overweight.
C. Risk of certain diseases will increase.
D. More hand－held devices need to be produced.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】文章分析了英国许多孩子肥胖的原因，是由于每天花费在屏幕上的时间太多，久坐且不运动，肥胖给身体带来了许多疾病风险。
8. A
推理判断题。根据第一段的总说And it reveals UK kids are among the laziest.和第二段the Scots topped the league table for most screen time, Wales came fourth with 76 per cent, and England seventh with 75 per cent.和第三段Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, Scotland was third with 84 per cent, and England 15th with 77 per cent.的具体数字可知英国的孩子们看屏幕时间多，锻炼时间少。故选A.
9. D
猜测词义题。此处指长期久坐对身体健康有长期的影响，sedentary “久坐的”，与Sitting or little activity.同义，故选D.
10. B
细节推理题。根据第二段Among teenage girls, the Scots topped the league table for most screen time, with 80 per cent spending at least two hours a day on computers.第二段Screen time figures for boys were even higher. Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, with 85 per cent glued to their screens for at least two hours.第三段Lead researcher Dr. Jo Inchley, from the University of St Andrews, said social media was impacting on kids' health.可知导致英国孩子们肥胖的原因是每天花费在屏幕上的时间太多，久坐且不运动。故选B.
11. C
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段These alarming inactivity figures show that playtime is over before it has started for too many children, putting them at far greater risk of future conditions like heart disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.可知这些数据表明孩子们活动时间太少，增加了患许多疾病的风险，确实令人担忧。故选C.
D
In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.
Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. “Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”
Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, “You’ve a strict editor and you’ve to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone’s door. You just sit at your desk and do it.”
Another journalist says, “More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in.”
In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, “Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”
And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times’ public editor, Margaret Sullivan. “Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It’s extremely important to question and to prove before publication.” Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, “a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story”. And, “if the story does turn out to be false, it’s simply a chance for another bite at the cherry.”
12. According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.
A. clicks count a lot B. resources are limited
C. budgets are tight D. journalists lack experience
13. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Lies can’t sell without something related to the truth.
B. Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.
C. Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.
D. A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.
14. What’s Margaret Sullivan’s attitude towards false news online?
A. Negative. B. Supportive.
C. Skeptical. D. Neutral.
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Spread of false stories.
B. Causes of online false news.
C. Duties of journalists.
D. Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。
12. A
推理判断题。根据第二段Brooke Binkowski说的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”
可知Brooke Binkowski认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A.
13. D
句意猜测题。划线句意：谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D.
14. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段Margaret Sullivan 说的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It’s extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A.
15. B
主旨大意题。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。B项：网络虚假新闻的原因，概括了全文意思适合作为标题，故选B.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
At what age does a child became an adult? ____16____ Here are a few examples.
First, in some North American Indian culture, a boy became a man around the age of 13. At that time, he would go into the woods alone, without food or water, for several days. ___17___ Girls became adult women as soon as they were old to have babies, also around the age of 12 or 13.
In the Jewish religion, children spend years studying their history and religion. Then, at age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls, they go through an important religious ceremony. ___18___
In Japan today, young people become legal adult at age 20. Each year on January 15th, they celebrate “Coming-of-Age Day”, when the 20-year-olds in a town are invited to attend to
special ceremony. ___19___
Finally, in the United States, the passage into adulthood takes several years. American teenagers look forward to their 16th birthday because in most states that is the age when can get a driver’s license. The legal age of adulthood is 18, when Americans can vote, get married and work full-time. However, they must wait until age 21 to buy alcohol. ___20___
A. Many people celebrate their 21st birthday by having a drink with friends in a bar.
B. It’s hard to answer the question.
C. The answer depends on your culture or religion.
D. From that day, they are adults, and they become responsible for their own religious development.
E. When he returned safely, he became an adult man.
F. The teenagers are not allowed to drink alcohol.
G. They wear traditional clothes, listen to speeches and visit old friends.
【答案】16. C 17. E
18. D 19. G
20. A
【解析】文章列举了不同国家不同文化背景对成年人的界定。
16. C
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲孩子在什么年龄叫成年人？下文是一些具体例子，不同国家不同的划分标准。C项：答案要根据不同的文化和地区而定，承上启下，连接前后。故选C.
17. E
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲北美印第安人的习俗，男孩到了13岁就独自进入森林，在无食物和水的情况下呆几天。E项：男孩安全回来后就成了男人，是上面情况的结论，故选E.
18. D
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲在犹太地区，孩子们学习历史和宗教。男孩12岁女孩13岁时参加一次重要的宗教仪式。D项：从那天起他们就是成年人了，他们要对宗教发展负责任，是对上文情况的结论。故选D.
19. G
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲日本人对成年人的标准，20岁成为法定成年人，每年1月15日参加专门的仪式。G项：他们穿着传统的服装，听演讲和拜访老朋友。是仪式当天的活动，与上文连接。故选G.
20. A
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲在美国不同年龄不同权利的界定，上句讲必须要等到21岁才能买酒，A项：许多人通过在酒吧和朋友喝酒来庆祝21岁生日，与上句连接，故选A.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C或D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
In last few decades, terror attacks have become a great threat all over the world. They have aroused countless thoughts ___21___ me down. What can I do for those ___22___ people, the very victims and refugees（难民）．
Last month when I got on a train, I took my seat ___23___ the carriage so that I would be facing forward. Later, a mother with her three children, one girl and two boys, ___24___ into the row of seats in front of me. The clothes the woman was wearing were so ___25___ that I don’t think you can find any ___26___ of the clothes at any shop. I was completely ___27___ by their beautiful simplicity. Clearly, they were not expensive, fancy or from a famous designer, ___28___ they were priceless.
The little girl’s eyes and mine met and locked. She ___29___ and stared at me. I would receive the gift I had been longing for. I had ___30___ to connect with people from a culture that was recently suffering and in my ___31___ was a warm Pakistani family. I had a talk with her using the standard conversation ___32___: How old are you? Where do you study? ___33___ as she was, the depth and width of our conversation reached an amazing height. ___34___ was even more important was the unspoken talk. Her smile and trust ___35___ touched me.
Our 50 minutes together ___36___ quickly but we will be always in each other’s hearts. I’ve learned a great ___37___ from this experience: we all need to open our doors ___38___ others can come in. Meanwhile, something amazing will happen when you ___39___ to others, because people come in ___40___ beautiful gifts.
21. A. pulling B. taking C. weighing D. cutting
22. A. disturbed B. inspired C. disabled D. depressed
23. A. on the top of B. in the front of C. in the middle of D. at the end of
24. A. walked B. broke C. squeezed D. jumped
25. A. familiar B. different C. fashionable D. funny
26. A. introduction B. trace C. explanation D. invention
27. A. attracted B. moved C. confused D. tired
28. A. and B. so C. yet D. though
29. A. cried B. screamed C. shouted D. smiled
30. A. expected B. refused C. decided D. pretended
31. A. heart B. life C. presence D. appearance
32. A. format B. starter C. stopper D. advice
33. A. Children B. A child C. A children D. Child
34. A. What B. It C. That D. Which
35. A. suddenly B. deeply C. extremely D. slightly
36. A. flew past B. got out C. took up D. left for
37. A. class B. subject C. course D. lesson
38. A. in case B. even if C. now that D. so that
39. A. give up B. open up C. grow up D. make up
40. A. beyond B. within C. with D. without
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】作者途中遇到了遭受恐怖威胁的一家人，通过交谈作者对他们有了新的认识。作者告诉我们：每个人都需要打开自己的门为了别人能够进来，令人吃惊的美好的事也会随着发生。
21. C
考查动词。A. pulling拉；B. taking取得；C. weighing称重；D. cutting切割。此处指恐怖袭击唤醒了无数使我感到沉重的思想，weigh sb. down“使沉重，使闷闷不乐”，故选C.
22. A
考查形容词。A. disturbed扰乱的；B. inspired有灵感的；C. disabled残疾的；D. depressed沮丧的。此处指长期受恐怖困扰的受害者或难民，故选A.
23. D
考查介词短语。A. on the top of在…上面；B. in the front of在…前面；C. in the middle of 在…中间；D. at the end of在…末尾。根据so that I would be facing forward.可知作者为了面向前面所以坐在了车厢的后面末尾处，故选D.
24. C
考查动词。A. walked走路；B. broke打破；C. squeezed挤；D. jumped跳。一个母亲带着三个孩子挤进了我前排的座位，根据火车内人多拥挤的常识可知选C.
25. B
考查形容词。A. familiar熟悉的；B. different不同的；C. fashionable 流行的；D. funny有趣的。根据句中I don’t think you can find any ___6___ of the clothes at any shop.可知这个母亲穿的衣服任何商店都买不到，所以是与众不同的，故选B.
26. B
考查名词。A. introduction介绍；B. trace痕迹；C. explanation解释；D. invention发明。此处指商店里找不到这件衣服的痕迹，强调其与众不同，故选B.
27. A
考查动词。A. attracted吸引；B. moved移动；C. confused困惑；D. tired厌烦。母亲的衣服与众不同，作者被她简朴的美深深吸引。此处指被吸引，故选A.
28. C
考查连词。A. and和；B. so所以；C. yet然而；D. though尽管。句意：很明显，她们的衣服不贵，不奇特，也不是出自著名设计师之手，然而是无价的。此处表示转折，故选C.
29. D
考查动词。A. cried哭喊；B. screamed尖叫；C. shouted喊叫；D. smiled微笑。此处指小女孩和我的眼神相遇，她微笑着看着我。根据下文I would receive the gift I had been longing for.和Her smile and trust可知女孩很友好，朝我微笑。故选D.
30. A
考查动词。A. expected盼望；B. refused拒绝；C. decided决定；D. pretended假装。女孩的微笑是作者一直期盼的礼物，作者一直盼着接触刚遭受了苦难的人们。故选A.
31. C
考查名词。A. heart心；B. life生活；C. presence存在，出席；D. appearance外貌。此处指在我面前的是一个令人温暖的巴基斯坦家庭。in my presence“在我面前”，故选C.
32. B
考查名词。A. format格式；B. starter开始；C. stopper阻塞物；D. advice建议。此处指我用常用的谈话开头和女孩进行谈话，故选B.
33. D
考查名词。句意：尽管她还是孩子，但我们谈话的深度和广度达到了一个令人吃惊的高度。此处是as引导的让步状语从句，名词Child提前句子倒装，但名词前的冠词要去掉。故选D.
34. A
考查代词。A. What什么；B. It它；C. That那个；D. Which那一个。此处引导主语从句，指更重要的东西，用what引导。故选A.
35. B
考查副词。A. suddenly突然；B. deeply深刻地；C. extremely非常，及其；D. slightly轻微地。此处指女孩的微笑和信任深深地打动了我，表示程度，故选B.
36. A
考查动词短语。A. flew past飞过；B. got out取出，熄灭；C. took up拿起，接受；D. left for动身去，离开。此处指我和这一家人在一起的50分钟的时光飞逝而过，形容时间过得快，故选A.
37. D
考查名词。A. class班级；B. subject主题，科目；C. course科目，课程；D. lesson教训，课。此处指我从这次经历中收获很多，给我上了一课。故选D.
38. D
考查固定短语。A. in case万一；B. even if即使；C. now that既然；D. so that为了。我们都需要打开我们的门为了别人能够进来，表示目的，故选D.
39. B
考查动词短语。A. give up放弃；B. open up打开；C. grow up长大；D. make up组成，编造。此处指当你向别人打开心扉时，令人吃惊的事就会发生，因为他们是带着漂亮的礼物来的。指向别人打开心扉，故选B.
40. C
考查介词。A. beyond超过；B. within在…内；C. with带着，随着；D. without没有。此处指进来的人是带着漂亮礼物来的，表示伴随，故选C.
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。小题3考查介词短语。A. on the top of在…上面；B. in the front of在…前面；C. in the middle of 在…中间；D. at the end of在…末尾。根据so that I would be facing forward.可知作者为了面向前面所以坐在了车厢的后面末尾处，故选D.小题5考查形容词。A. familiar熟悉的；B. different不同的；C. fashionable 流行的；D. funny有趣的。根据句中I don’t think you can find any ___6___ of the clothes at any shop.可知这个母亲穿的衣服任何商店都买不到，所以是与众不同的，故选B. 小题9考查动词。A. cried哭喊；B. screamed尖叫；C. shouted喊叫；D. smiled微笑。此处指小女孩和我的眼神相遇，她微笑着看着我。根据下文I would receive the gift I had been longing for.和Her smile and trust可知女孩很友好，朝我微笑。故选D.
3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。如小题1考查动词。A. pulling拉；B. taking取得；C. weighing称重；D. cutting切割。此处指恐怖袭击唤醒了无数使我感到沉重的思想，weigh sb. down“使沉重，使闷闷不乐”，根据当时社会状况故选C. 小题16考查动词短语。A. flew past飞过；B. got out取出，熄灭；C. took up拿起，接受；D. left for动身去，离开。此处指我和这一家人在一起的50分钟的时光飞逝而过，形容时间过得快，非常珍惜。故选A.
4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。如小题4考查动词。A. walked走路；B. broke打破；C. squeezed挤；D. jumped跳。一个母亲带着三个孩子挤进了我前排的座位，根据火车内人多拥挤的常识可知选C.
5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。小题8考查连词。A. and和；B. so所以；C. yet然而；D. though尽管。句意：很明显，她们的衣服不贵，不奇特，也不是出自著名设计师之手，然而是无价的。此处表示转折，故选C.
第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
As is known, ____41____ (play) team sport is popular all over the world, and participation in sporting ____42____ (activity), such as football or basketball, is ____43____ (benefit) to us in many aspects.
To begin ____44____, it can build up our bodies and help us keep fit physically, ___45___ in turn enables us ____46____ (avoid) overweight and other problems, such as high blood pressure. ____47____ (add), it is a good way to develop some useful team skills, teamwork and strategies ____48____ (include). Last but not ___49___ (little), we often play sport for social reasons, for it is a good way of making new friends.
___50___, everyone should take an active part in team sports.
【答案】41. playing
42. activities
43. beneficial
44. with 45. which
46. to avoid
47. additionally
48. included
49. least 50. Therefore/Thus
【解析】文章分析了团队运动的几点好处，号召我们积极参加团队运动。
41. playing
考查动词形式。此处是动词-ing形式做主语，指进行团队运动在全世界都很受欢迎。故填playing.
42. activities
考查名词。activity是单数可数名词，此处泛指运动活动用复数形式，故填activities.
43. beneficial
考查形容词。此处作系动词is的表语用形容词，be beneficial to “对…有益”，故填形容词beneficial.
44. with
考查动词短语。begin with“首先，开始”是固定搭配，此处表示说明顺序，故填with.
45. which
考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句用which指代前面整个句子，故填which.
46. to avoid
考查动词形式。enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事，后用不定式作宾补，故填to avoid.
47. additionally
考查副词。与上文的To begin with并列，表示其他的功能。故填“此外”additionally.
48. included
考查过去分词。此处是过去分词表被动，指团队合作和策略被包括在团队技术中，故填included.
49. least
考查固定短语。Last but not least “最后”是固定短语，与上文的To begin with, additionally并列，表示列举的最后一项，故填least.
50. Therefore/Thus
考查副词。句意：因此，每个人都应该积极参加团队运动。此处是总结上文，故填“因此”Therefore/Thus.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文章共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有三处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写作修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
Dear Mrs. Green,
I am so glad to hear from you. While it has been several years since you taught us English, but I have missed you a lot, think about those happy moments we spent together. Actually, I have been doing pretty good in my studies as well as in my life. Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I am interested. For example, I have successfully got admitted as a volunteer for a 13th National Games, which is scheduled to be hold at the end of this August. To get admitted, I have made good preparations in advance, trying to know as many as I could about my city, Tianjin.
By the way, it’s my sincere hope that you can spare some times for a visit to Tianjin again, where has changed a lot since 2015.
I’d appreciated you if you could let me know beforehand whether you can come or not.
Yours
【答案】1. 删除第二行but;
2. 第二行think改为thinking;
3. 第三行good改为well;
4. 第四行interested后加in;
5. 第五行for后面的a改为the;
6. 第五行hold改为held;
7. 第七行many改为much;
8. 第八行times改为time;
9. 第九行where改为which;
10. 第十行you改为it。
【解析】文中作者向多年不见的英语老师介绍自己近年来的发展过程，邀请老师回来看看城市发生的巨大变化。
1. 删除but.考查连词。句意：自从你教我们英语已经几年了，我非常想念你。本句不是并列句，是包含While引导的状语从句的复合句，I have missed you a lot是主句，故删除第二行but.
2. think改为thinking.考查非谓语动词。句中think的主语和句子主语I一致，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故think改为thinking.
3. good改为well.考查副词。此处修饰动词do用副词well，指做得非常好。故good改为well.
4. interested后加in.考查介词。be interested in “对…感兴趣”，介词in后加宾语。句中宾语是what，故interested后加in.
5. for后面的a改为the.考查冠词。此处指第13届全运会，表示特指用定冠词the.故for后面的a改为the.
6. hold改为held.考查过去分词。此处是不定式的被动，结构是to be done动词用过去分词，故hold改为held.
7. many改为much.考查形容词。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。此处指尽可能多的知识和内容，是不可数名词。故many改为much.
8. times改为time.考查不可数名词。time指时间是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故times改为time.
9. where改为which.考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是Tianjin指物，在定语从句中做主语用关系代词引导，故where改为which.
10. you改为it.考查代词。句中if you could let me know beforehand whether you can come or not.是真正宾语，宾语太长为了平衡句子用it做形式宾语，不能用you.故you改为it.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假设你是李华，你从网上得知“国际志愿者协会”(International Association for Volunteer Effort) 正在面向全球招募志愿者赴印尼义务支教(Indonesia)。你想申请成为志愿者，请给组委会写一封信。要点包括：
1.有较强的英语表达能力和沟通交流能力；
2.相关经历；
注意：
1. 词数100左右；收尾已给出，不计入总数；
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing this letter to apply for the job as a volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing this letter to apply for the job as a volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet. I have been focusing on IAVE for a long time and am really interested in the voluntary activities in Indonesia.
First, please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Li Hua, a student from one of the best senior high schools in Lanzhou. I have ever visited some English countries, therefore I am very good at spoken English and pretty familiar with English traditions and customs. On the other hand, I have been a volunteer for Lanzhou International Marathon in the last 3 years, so I am really experienced in being a volunteer.
I would appreciate it if you could give me the chance. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】本文是自荐信，李华从网上得知“国际志愿者协会”(International Association for Volunteer Effort) 正在面向全球招募志愿者赴印尼义务支教(Indonesia)，想申请成为志愿者，给组委会写信介绍自己。文章以第一人称为主，用一般现在时和现在完成时，主要分三部分：首先说明写信目的；然后重点介绍自己，如1.有较强的英语表达能力和沟通交流能力；2.相关经历；最后表达愿望，希望申请成功。
写作时要注意结构正确，条理清楚，要点全面，态度诚恳。还要注意词语和句型的运用，如I would appreciate it if…句型，focusing on, be familiar with, Looking forward to等词语。
兰州一中2017-2018-1学期高三年级期中考试试题
英语
说明：本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What will you think of when it comes to “Hong Kong” and “great swimming”? Shopping sure, but swimming pool? Turns out, along with all its other attractions, Hong Kong is loaded with wonderful pools.
The Ritz－Carlton
The pool at the Ritz－Carlton is breathtaking, thanks to the view, the altitude and, of course, the swim. On the 118th floor at 484 meters above the street in the tallest building in Hong Kong, it's the world's highest swimming pool. The ceiling and walls are made up of 144 LED screens displaying coral reefs and other natural scenes.
W Hotel Hong Kong
If you have only one nice swimsuit, save it for the W Hotel Hong Kong. Only people living in this hotel can enjoy this wonderful pool, which is Hong Kong's highest rooftop pool. The hotel's signature WET deck is famous for stylish and occasionally wild poolside parties in summer. WET also features a good cocktail bar and a Jacuzzi.
Hotel Indigo
One of Hong Kong's unique experiences is swimming in Hotel Indigo's glass bottom pool. The pool protrudes from the hotel, allowing people below to see swimmers and the swimmers to do laps while checking out the traffic below. The pool is smaller compared to other local grand hotels and only available to the hotel guests.
Four Seasons Hotel
The Four Seasons Hotel gorgeous infinity pool overlooks Victoria Harbor. Even cooler, the hotel pipes in underwater music, making the swim much more wonderful, or annoying, depending on your taste in music. The pool is open only to hotel guests.
1. At which hotel can a tourist still enjoy swimming if he/she lives in none of the hotels mentioned above?
A. The Ritz－Carlton. B. W Hotel Hong Kong.
C. Hotel Indigo. D. Four Seasons Hotel.
2. What do we know about swimmers in Hotel Indigo?
A. They can be seen by people below. B. They can check out the hotel.
C. They can guide the traffic below. D. They can be asked to do laps.
3. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A research paper. B. An official announcement.
C. A tourist brochure. D. A fashion magazine.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】文章主要介绍了香港的几个旅馆游泳池及各自特色。
1. A
细节推理题。根据W Hotel Hong Kong中Only people living in this hotel can enjoy this wonderful pool；Hotel Indigo中only available to the hotel guests；Four Seasons Hotel中The pool is open only to hotel guests.可知这几个地方的游泳池只对旅馆客人开放，只有The Ritz－Carlton中的游泳池没有此限制，故选A.
2. A
细节推理题。根据Hotel Indigo中The pool protrudes from the hotel, allowing people below to see swimmers and the swimmers to do laps while checking out the traffic below.可知人们可以从下面看到游泳者，故选A.
3. C
推理判断题。文章主要介绍的是香港的几个旅馆游泳池及各自特色，这种文章应该出自旅游手册，不属于研究报告，官方公告和时尚杂志，故选C.
【名师点睛】
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文主要介绍了香港的几个旅馆游泳池及各自特色。
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
B
Have you ever imagined traveling to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?
In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built - in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents firmly hold the idea that this technology is approaching and they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.
It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part” of a translator’s job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.
It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t--or shouldn’t--involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.
Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression：volume，gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.
Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.
4. What view does the author hold about translation?
A. Proper translation can be tough for humans.
B. Slight differences matter little in translation.
C. Some machines will interpret our world properly.
D. Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
5. What is the best title for the text?
A. An Expert’s Precise Prediction
B. The Complexity of Translation
C. Who Will Be a Better Translator
D. Will Language Barrier Actually Disappear?
6. What is the author’s attitude to the modem technology?
A. Unclear B. Objective
C. Optimistic D. Negative.
7. In which column can you read the article in a newspaper?
A. Language Learning. B. Comments on hot issues.
C. Science Development. D. Translation tips.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】文章介绍了对新科技翻译耳机的优缺点，表达了人们对此不同的观点。
4. A
推理判断题。根据第四段Rather, it’s about translating meaning.和第五段Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression： volume， gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.可知翻译不是简单的词语罗列，它涉及到意义、声音、姿势、状况、文化背景等许多方面。所以恰当翻译很难，故选A.
5. D
主旨大意题。随着科技发展，有人预测将来不同语言的人交流通过专门的翻译耳机进行。作者对此怀疑，认为翻译是复杂的事，涉及到多方面的影响。D项：语言障碍真的会消失吗？概括全文，表达了作者的疑问，适合作为文章标题，故选D.
6. D
推理判断题。作者认为翻译不是简单的词语罗列，它涉及到意义、声音、姿势、状况、文化背景等许多方面。现代科技翻译耳机做不到准确翻译句子的含义，所以作者对此持否定态度，故选D.
7. B
推理判断题。文章是对新科技翻译耳机的优缺点介绍，表达了人们的不同观点。本文应出自热点问题评论栏目，故选B.
【名师点睛】
推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
本文推理判断题的考法：
2.推断文章出处。小题4考查本文出自哪个栏目，文章是对新科技翻译耳机的优缺点介绍，表达了人们的不同观点。应出自热点问题评论栏目。
C
The World Health Organization report compared the “obesity-related behaviors” for youngsters across 42 nations. And it reveals UK kids are among the laziest.
Among teenage girls, the Scots topped the league table for most screen time, with 80 per cent spending at least two hours a day on computers. Wales came fourth with 76 per cent, and England seventh with 75 per cent. Girls in Armenia and Albania were least likely to spend hours idling online.
Screen time figures for boys were even higher. Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, with 85 per cent glued to their screens for at least two hours. Scotland was third with 84 per cent, and England 15th with 77 per cent. Boys in Switzerland and Portugal were least likely to dedicate two hours a day to sitting in front of a computer.
Lead researcher Dr. Jo Inchley, from the University of St Andrews, said social media was impacting on kids' health. She said,“We know there are risks, such as cyber bullying and impact on mental health. Also, there are longer-term impacts on physical health from being sedentary. One of the main challenges is that this kind of activity (social media and computer use) is so much part of young people's lives these days.” She said more needs to be done to get kids moving throughout the day.
Dr. Steven Mann, research director for UK Active said the findings were “alarming”. He said, “Modern life has changed, but when teens are spending hours having fun with Facebook, Instagram and videogames, they simply aren't getting the exercise that they need. These alarming inactivity figures show that playtime is over before it has started for too many children, putting them at far greater risk of future conditions like heart disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.”
Tam Fry, from the National Obesity Forum, warned Brit teens are now“slaves to hand-held devices”. And the WHO warns four in five fat teens will continue to struggle with their weight throughout life. The report also shows less than half of UK youngsters consume fruit or veg daily.
8. What do we know about the“obesity-related behaviors”for youngsters across 42 nations?
A. UK kids didn't exercise enough.
B. Girls spent more time on computers than boys.
C. Girls in Wales ranked the first in terms of screen time.
D. Only Swiss boys are among the laziest.
9. What does the underlined word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Cyber bullying. B. Computer using.
C. Exercising. D. Sitting or little activity.
10. What is the main reason for obesity for UK teens?
A. Less fruit or veg consuming. B. Too much use of electronic devices.
C. Too much playtime. D. Lack of physical education.
11. Why are these screen time figures alarming?
A. UK kids will be beaten.
B. All UK kids will suffer from overweight.
C. Risk of certain diseases will increase.
D. More hand－held devices need to be produced.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】文章分析了英国许多孩子肥胖的原因，是由于每天花费在屏幕上的时间太多，久坐且不运动，肥胖给身体带来了许多疾病风险。
8. A
推理判断题。根据第一段的总说And it reveals UK kids are among the laziest.和第二段the Scots topped the league table for most screen time, Wales came fourth with 76 per cent, and England seventh with 75 per cent.和第三段Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, Scotland was third with 84 per cent, and England 15th with 77 per cent.的具体数字可知英国的孩子们看屏幕时间多，锻炼时间少。故选A.
9. D
猜测词义题。此处指长期久坐对身体健康有长期的影响，sedentary “久坐的”，与Sitting or little activity.同义，故选D.
10. B
细节推理题。根据第二段Among teenage girls, the Scots topped the league table for most screen time, with 80 per cent spending at least two hours a day on computers.第二段Screen time figures for boys were even higher. Wales was second in the European “couch potato” league, with 85 per cent glued to their screens for at least two hours.第三段Lead researcher Dr. Jo Inchley, from the University of St Andrews, said social media was impacting on kids' health.可知导致英国孩子们肥胖的原因是每天花费在屏幕上的时间太多，久坐且不运动。故选B.
11. C
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段These alarming inactivity figures show that playtime is over before it has started for too many children, putting them at far greater risk of future conditions like heart disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.可知这些数据表明孩子们活动时间太少，增加了患许多疾病的风险，确实令人担忧。故选C.
D
In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.
Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. “Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”
Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, “You’ve a strict editor and you’ve to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone’s door. You just sit at your desk and do it.”
Another journalist says, “More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in.”
In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, “Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”
And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times’ public editor, Margaret Sullivan. “Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It’s extremely important to question and to prove before publication.” Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, “a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story”. And, “if the story does turn out to be false, it’s simply a chance for another bite at the cherry.”
12. According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.
A. clicks count a lot B. resources are limited
C. budgets are tight D. journalists lack experience
13. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Lies can’t sell without something related to the truth.
B. Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.
C. Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.
D. A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.
14. What’s Margaret Sullivan’s attitude towards false news online?
A. Negative. B. Supportive.
C. Skeptical. D. Neutral.
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Spread of false stories.
B. Causes of online false news.
C. Duties of journalists.
D. Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。
12. A
推理判断题。根据第二段Brooke Binkowski说的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”
可知Brooke Binkowski认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A.
13. D
句意猜测题。划线句意：谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D.
14. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段Margaret Sullivan 说的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It’s extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A.
15. B
主旨大意题。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。B项：网络虚假新闻的原因，概括了全文意思适合作为标题，故选B.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
At what age does a child became an adult? ____16____ Here are a few examples.
First, in some North American Indian culture, a boy became a man around the age of 13. At that time, he would go into the woods alone, without food or water, for several days. ___17___ Girls became adult women as soon as they were old to have babies, also around the age of 12 or 13.
In the Jewish religion, children spend years studying their history and religion. Then, at age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls, they go through an important religious ceremony. ___18___
In Japan today, young people become legal adult at age 20. Each year on January 15th, they celebrate “Coming-of-Age Day”, when the 20-year-olds in a town are invited to attend to
special ceremony. ___19___
Finally, in the United States, the passage into adulthood takes several years. American teenagers look forward to their 16th birthday because in most states that is the age when can get a driver’s license. The legal age of adulthood is 18, when Americans can vote, get married and work full-time. However, they must wait until age 21 to buy alcohol. ___20___
A. Many people celebrate their 21st birthday by having a drink with friends in a bar.
B. It’s hard to answer the question.
C. The answer depends on your culture or religion.
D. From that day, they are adults, and they become responsible for their own religious development.
E. When he returned safely, he became an adult man.
F. The teenagers are not allowed to drink alcohol.
G. They wear traditional clothes, listen to speeches and visit old friends.
【答案】16. C 17. E
18. D 19. G
20. A
【解析】文章列举了不同国家不同文化背景对成年人的界定。
16. C
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲孩子在什么年龄叫成年人？下文是一些具体例子，不同国家不同的划分标准。C项：答案要根据不同的文化和地区而定，承上启下，连接前后。故选C.
17. E
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲北美印第安人的习俗，男孩到了13岁就独自进入森林，在无食物和水的情况下呆几天。E项：男孩安全回来后就成了男人，是上面情况的结论，故选E.
18. D
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲在犹太地区，孩子们学习历史和宗教。男孩12岁女孩13岁时参加一次重要的宗教仪式。D项：从那天起他们就是成年人了，他们要对宗教发展负责任，是对上文情况的结论。故选D.
19. G
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲日本人对成年人的标准，20岁成为法定成年人，每年1月15日参加专门的仪式。G项：他们穿着传统的服装，听演讲和拜访老朋友。是仪式当天的活动，与上文连接。故选G.
20. A
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲在美国不同年龄不同权利的界定，上句讲必须要等到21岁才能买酒，A项：许多人通过在酒吧和朋友喝酒来庆祝21岁生日，与上句连接，故选A.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C或D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
In last few decades, terror attacks have become a great threat all over the world. They have aroused countless thoughts ___21___ me down. What can I do for those ___22___ people, the very victims and refugees（难民）．
Last month when I got on a train, I took my seat ___23___ the carriage so that I would be facing forward. Later, a mother with her three children, one girl and two boys, ___24___ into the row of seats in front of me. The clothes the woman was wearing were so ___25___ that I don’t think you can find any ___26___ of the clothes at any shop. I was completely ___27___ by their beautiful simplicity. Clearly, they were not expensive, fancy or from a famous designer, ___28___ they were priceless.
The little girl’s eyes and mine met and locked. She ___29___ and stared at me. I would receive the gift I had been longing for. I had ___30___ to connect with people from a culture that was recently suffering and in my ___31___ was a warm Pakistani family. I had a talk with her using the standard conversation ___32___: How old are you? Where do you study? ___33___ as she was, the depth and width of our conversation reached an amazing height. ___34___ was even more important was the unspoken talk. Her smile and trust ___35___ touched me.
Our 50 minutes together ___36___ quickly but we will be always in each other’s hearts. I’ve learned a great ___37___ from this experience: we all need to open our doors ___38___ others can come in. Meanwhile, something amazing will happen when you ___39___ to others, because people come in ___40___ beautiful gifts.
21. A. pulling B. taking C. weighing D. cutting
22. A. disturbed B. inspired C. disabled D. depressed
23. A. on the top of B. in the front of C. in the middle of D. at the end of
24. A. walked B. broke C. squeezed D. jumped
25. A. familiar B. different C. fashionable D. funny
26. A. introduction B. trace C. explanation D. invention
27. A. attracted B. moved C. confused D. tired
28. A. and B. so C. yet D. though
29. A. cried B. screamed C. shouted D. smiled
30. A. expected B. refused C. decided D. pretended
31. A. heart B. life C. presence D. appearance
32. A. format B. starter C. stopper D. advice
33. A. Children B. A child C. A children D. Child
34. A. What B. It C. That D. Which
35. A. suddenly B. deeply C. extremely D. slightly
36. A. flew past B. got out C. took up D. left for
37. A. class B. subject C. course D. lesson
38. A. in case B. even if C. now that D. so that
39. A. give up B. open up C. grow up D. make up
40. A. beyond B. within C. with D. without
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】作者途中遇到了遭受恐怖威胁的一家人，通过交谈作者对他们有了新的认识。作者告诉我们：每个人都需要打开自己的门为了别人能够进来，令人吃惊的美好的事也会随着发生。
21. C
考查动词。A. pulling拉；B. taking取得；C. weighing称重；D. cutting切割。此处指恐怖袭击唤醒了无数使我感到沉重的思想，weigh sb. down“使沉重，使闷闷不乐”，故选C.
22. A
考查形容词。A. disturbed扰乱的；B. inspired有灵感的；C. disabled残疾的；D. depressed沮丧的。此处指长期受恐怖困扰的受害者或难民，故选A.
23. D
考查介词短语。A. on the top of在…上面；B. in the front of在…前面；C. in the middle of 在…中间；D. at the end of在…末尾。根据so that I would be facing forward.可知作者为了面向前面所以坐在了车厢的后面末尾处，故选D.
24. C
考查动词。A. walked走路；B. broke打破；C. squeezed挤；D. jumped跳。一个母亲带着三个孩子挤进了我前排的座位，根据火车内人多拥挤的常识可知选C.
25. B
考查形容词。A. familiar熟悉的；B. different不同的；C. fashionable 流行的；D. funny有趣的。根据句中I don’t think you can find any ___6___ of the clothes at any shop.可知这个母亲穿的衣服任何商店都买不到，所以是与众不同的，故选B.
26. B
考查名词。A. introduction介绍；B. trace痕迹；C. explanation解释；D. invention发明。此处指商店里找不到这件衣服的痕迹，强调其与众不同，故选B.
27. A
考查动词。A. attracted吸引；B. moved移动；C. confused困惑；D. tired厌烦。母亲的衣服与众不同，作者被她简朴的美深深吸引。此处指被吸引，故选A.
28. C
考查连词。A. and和；B. so所以；C. yet然而；D. though尽管。句意：很明显，她们的衣服不贵，不奇特，也不是出自著名设计师之手，然而是无价的。此处表示转折，故选C.
29. D
考查动词。A. cried哭喊；B. screamed尖叫；C. shouted喊叫；D. smiled微笑。此处指小女孩和我的眼神相遇，她微笑着看着我。根据下文I would receive the gift I had been longing for.和Her smile and trust可知女孩很友好，朝我微笑。故选D.
30. A
考查动词。A. expected盼望；B. refused拒绝；C. decided决定；D. pretended假装。女孩的微笑是作者一直期盼的礼物，作者一直盼着接触刚遭受了苦难的人们。故选A.
31. C
考查名词。A. heart心；B. life生活；C. presence存在，出席；D. appearance外貌。此处指在我面前的是一个令人温暖的巴基斯坦家庭。in my presence“在我面前”，故选C.
32. B
考查名词。A. format格式；B. starter开始；C. stopper阻塞物；D. advice建议。此处指我用常用的谈话开头和女孩进行谈话，故选B.
33. D
考查名词。句意：尽管她还是孩子，但我们谈话的深度和广度达到了一个令人吃惊的高度。此处是as引导的让步状语从句，名词Child提前句子倒装，但名词前的冠词要去掉。故选D.
34. A
考查代词。A. What什么；B. It它；C. That那个；D. Which那一个。此处引导主语从句，指更重要的东西，用what引导。故选A.
35. B
考查副词。A. suddenly突然；B. deeply深刻地；C. extremely非常，及其；D. slightly轻微地。此处指女孩的微笑和信任深深地打动了我，表示程度，故选B.
36. A
考查动词短语。A. flew past飞过；B. got out取出，熄灭；C. took up拿起，接受；D. left for动身去，离开。此处指我和这一家人在一起的50分钟的时光飞逝而过，形容时间过得快，故选A.
37. D
考查名词。A. class班级；B. subject主题，科目；C. course科目，课程；D. lesson教训，课。此处指我从这次经历中收获很多，给我上了一课。故选D.
38. D
考查固定短语。A. in case万一；B. even if即使；C. now that既然；D. so that为了。我们都需要打开我们的门为了别人能够进来，表示目的，故选D.
39. B
考查动词短语。A. give up放弃；B. open up打开；C. grow up长大；D. make up组成，编造。此处指当你向别人打开心扉时，令人吃惊的事就会发生，因为他们是带着漂亮的礼物来的。指向别人打开心扉，故选B.
40. C
考查介词。A. beyond超过；B. within在…内；C. with带着，随着；D. without没有。此处指进来的人是带着漂亮礼物来的，表示伴随，故选C.
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。小题3考查介词短语。A. on the top of在…上面；B. in the front of在…前面；C. in the middle of 在…中间；D. at the end of在…末尾。根据so that I would be facing forward.可知作者为了面向前面所以坐在了车厢的后面末尾处，故选D.小题5考查形容词。A. familiar熟悉的；B. different不同的；C. fashionable 流行的；D. funny有趣的。根据句中I don’t think you can find any ___6___ of the clothes at any shop.可知这个母亲穿的衣服任何商店都买不到，所以是与众不同的，故选B. 小题9考查动词。A. cried哭喊；B. screamed尖叫；C. shouted喊叫；D. smiled微笑。此处指小女孩和我的眼神相遇，她微笑着看着我。根据下文I would receive the gift I had been longing for.和Her smile and trust可知女孩很友好，朝我微笑。故选D.
3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。如小题1考查动词。A. pulling拉；B. taking取得；C. weighing称重；D. cutting切割。此处指恐怖袭击唤醒了无数使我感到沉重的思想，weigh sb. down“使沉重，使闷闷不乐”，根据当时社会状况故选C. 小题16考查动词短语。A. flew past飞过；B. got out取出，熄灭；C. took up拿起，接受；D. left for动身去，离开。此处指我和这一家人在一起的50分钟的时光飞逝而过，形容时间过得快，非常珍惜。故选A.
4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。如小题4考查动词。A. walked走路；B. broke打破；C. squeezed挤；D. jumped跳。一个母亲带着三个孩子挤进了我前排的座位，根据火车内人多拥挤的常识可知选C.
5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。小题8考查连词。A. and和；B. so所以；C. yet然而；D. though尽管。句意：很明显，她们的衣服不贵，不奇特，也不是出自著名设计师之手，然而是无价的。此处表示转折，故选C.
第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
As is known, ____41____ (play) team sport is popular all over the world, and participation in sporting ____42____ (activity), such as football or basketball, is ____43____ (benefit) to us in many aspects.
To begin ____44____, it can build up our bodies and help us keep fit physically, ___45___ in turn enables us ____46____ (avoid) overweight and other problems, such as high blood pressure. ____47____ (add), it is a good way to develop some useful team skills, teamwork and strategies ____48____ (include). Last but not ___49___ (little), we often play sport for social reasons, for it is a good way of making new friends.
___50___, everyone should take an active part in team sports.
【答案】41. playing
42. activities
43. beneficial
44. with 45. which
46. to avoid
47. additionally
48. included
49. least 50. Therefore/Thus
【解析】文章分析了团队运动的几点好处，号召我们积极参加团队运动。
41. playing
考查动词形式。此处是动词-ing形式做主语，指进行团队运动在全世界都很受欢迎。故填playing.
42. activities
考查名词。activity是单数可数名词，此处泛指运动活动用复数形式，故填activities.
43. beneficial
考查形容词。此处作系动词is的表语用形容词，be beneficial to “对…有益”，故填形容词beneficial.
44. with
考查动词短语。begin with“首先，开始”是固定搭配，此处表示说明顺序，故填with.
45. which
考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句用which指代前面整个句子，故填which.
46. to avoid
考查动词形式。enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事，后用不定式作宾补，故填to avoid.
47. additionally
考查副词。与上文的To begin with并列，表示其他的功能。故填“此外”additionally.
48. included
考查过去分词。此处是过去分词表被动，指团队合作和策略被包括在团队技术中，故填included.
49. least
考查固定短语。Last but not least “最后”是固定短语，与上文的To begin with, additionally并列，表示列举的最后一项，故填least.
50. Therefore/Thus
考查副词。句意：因此，每个人都应该积极参加团队运动。此处是总结上文，故填“因此”Therefore/Thus.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文章共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有三处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写作修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
Dear Mrs. Green,
I am so glad to hear from you. While it has been several years since you taught us English, but I have missed you a lot, think about those happy moments we spent together. Actually, I have been doing pretty good in my studies as well as in my life. Apart from my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I am interested. For example, I have successfully got admitted as a volunteer for a 13th National Games, which is scheduled to be hold at the end of this August. To get admitted, I have made good preparations in advance, trying to know as many as I could about my city, Tianjin.
By the way, it’s my sincere hope that you can spare some times for a visit to Tianjin again, where has changed a lot since 2015.
I’d appreciated you if you could let me know beforehand whether you can come or not.
Yours
【答案】1. 删除第二行but;
2. 第二行think改为thinking;
3. 第三行good改为well;
4. 第四行interested后加in;
5. 第五行for后面的a改为the;
6. 第五行hold改为held;
7. 第七行many改为much;
8. 第八行times改为time;
9. 第九行where改为which;
10. 第十行you改为it。
【解析】文中作者向多年不见的英语老师介绍自己近年来的发展过程，邀请老师回来看看城市发生的巨大变化。
1. 删除but.考查连词。句意：自从你教我们英语已经几年了，我非常想念你。本句不是并列句，是包含While引导的状语从句的复合句，I have missed you a lot是主句，故删除第二行but.
2. think改为thinking.考查非谓语动词。句中think的主语和句子主语I一致，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故think改为thinking.
3. good改为well.考查副词。此处修饰动词do用副词well，指做得非常好。故good改为well.
4. interested后加in.考查介词。be interested in “对…感兴趣”，介词in后加宾语。句中宾语是what，故interested后加in.
5. for后面的a改为the.考查冠词。此处指第13届全运会，表示特指用定冠词the.故for后面的a改为the.
6. hold改为held.考查过去分词。此处是不定式的被动，结构是to be done动词用过去分词，故hold改为held.
7. many改为much.考查形容词。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。此处指尽可能多的知识和内容，是不可数名词。故many改为much.
8. times改为time.考查不可数名词。time指时间是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故times改为time.
9. where改为which.考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是Tianjin指物，在定语从句中做主语用关系代词引导，故where改为which.
10. you改为it.考查代词。句中if you could let me know beforehand whether you can come or not.是真正宾语，宾语太长为了平衡句子用it做形式宾语，不能用you.故you改为it.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假设你是李华，你从网上得知“国际志愿者协会”(International Association for Volunteer Effort) 正在面向全球招募志愿者赴印尼义务支教(Indonesia)。你想申请成为志愿者，请给组委会写一封信。要点包括：
1.有较强的英语表达能力和沟通交流能力；
2.相关经历；
注意：
1. 词数100左右；收尾已给出，不计入总数；
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing this letter to apply for the job as a volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing this letter to apply for the job as a volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet. I have been focusing on IAVE for a long time and am really interested in the voluntary activities in Indonesia.
First, please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Li Hua, a student from one of the best senior high schools in Lanzhou. I have ever visited some English countries, therefore I am very good at spoken English and pretty familiar with English traditions and customs. On the other hand, I have been a volunteer for Lanzhou International Marathon in the last 3 years, so I am really experienced in being a volunteer.
I would appreciate it if you could give me the chance. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】本文是自荐信，李华从网上得知“国际志愿者协会”(International Association for Volunteer Effort) 正在面向全球招募志愿者赴印尼义务支教(Indonesia)，想申请成为志愿者，给组委会写信介绍自己。文章以第一人称为主，用一般现在时和现在完成时，主要分三部分：首先说明写信目的；然后重点介绍自己，如1.有较强的英语表达能力和沟通交流能力；2.相关经历；最后表达愿望，希望申请成功。
写作时要注意结构正确，条理清楚，要点全面，态度诚恳。还要注意词语和句型的运用，如I would appreciate it if…句型，focusing on, be familiar with, Looking forward to等词语。
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