山西省三晋名校2023届高三下学期联考英语试卷（含答案）

山西省三晋名校2023届高三下学期联考英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解

    Penguin's Who Was? series tells the incredible stories of trailblazers(开拓者), legends, innovators, and creators. The following are frequently asked questions:

How many Who Was? titles are there?

    About 250 Who Was? titles have been published since the series first began 20 years ago. And with the addition of the What Was? and Where Is? series, readers now have more than 300 amazing books about influential people, world-famous landmarks, and interesting historical events.

How do you choose the subjects for the Who Was? titles?

    The subjects for the Who Was? series are often decided quite far in advance. People who are the first at something, or the best at what they do, or who have made major contributions in their field—and sometimes all three—make the best subjects.

What was the first Who Was? book?

    The first four Who Was? books—Who Was Sacagawea?, Who Was Ben Franklin?, Who Was Albert Einstein?, and Who Was Annie Oakley 2—were actually published on the same day. So when February 18 rolls around,be sure to wish these books a Happy Birthday!

Does the same person illustrate every cover?

    Just about every Who Was? cover(except two)is illustrated by Nancy Harrison, who has been working on the series since the very first book.

How long does it take to complete one book?

    It can take years! And sometimes the books are finished much more quickly. From the time an author is contracted to write the manuscript, through editing, copy editing, design and illustration, to publication, it takes—on average—eighteen to twenty-four months.

1、How many Who Was? books are published every year on average?

A.About 10. B.About 12. C.About 15. D.About 17. 

2、What is Nancy Harrison good at doing?

A.Writing books. B.Selling books. C.Producing ideas. D.Drawing pictures.

3、What do we learn about Penguin's Who Was?series?

A.It is intended for adult readers.

B.It is better received than other series.

C.It focuses on people with achievements.

D.Its subjects are usually decided by readers.

    Dwayne Johnson said this week he returned to a 7-Eleven in Hawaii to "right the wrong" of stealing candy when he was a teenager.

    In an Instagram post, the star explained that his family was "broke as hell" when he was living on the island and, for nearly a year when he was 14,he would steal a Snickers(士力架) bar from the store on the way to the gym “every day” as his pre-workout snack because he couldn't afford to buy one.

    He recalled that "the same clerk was there every day and always just turned her head and never searched me", but admitted that his actions had been weighing on his conscience(良心) for three decades.

    Johnson documented the recent visit to the store, in which he emptied the shelves of every Snickers bar, bought them and then left the candy bars for any customer to take for free.

    "If somebody looks like they're stealing Snickers, give them these so they don't steal it," Johnson told the store clerk.

    He wrote that he realized the deed might seem "silly", but every time he came back home to Hawaii and drove by 7-Eleven,he always knew he "needed to go in and clean out every Snickers bar they had—the right way."

    Johnson racked up a bill of $298 and also tipped the clerk who had to count the dozens of bars he bought and another cashier who was working at the time. The former wrestling star even posed for selfies with fans while trying to film the visit.

    "We can't change the past and some of the dumb stuff we may have done, but every once in a while we can do something to make up for that fault—and maybe put a big smile on some strangers' faces," Johnson said.

4、How did Dwayne Johnson feel about what he did at the age of 14?

A.Guilty. B.Shocked. C.Nervous. D.Confused.

5、Why did Dwayne Johnson spend $298 on Snickers bars?

A.To thank the store clerk.  B.To show off his wealth.

C.To realize his childhood dream. D.To make up for his past behaviour.

6、What do we learn about Dwayne Johnson?

A.He was born into a rich family. B.He was lazy when he was young.

C.He was responsible for his behaviour. D.He was once caught by the clerk.

7、What does the author want to tell us by sharing Dwayne Johnson's story?

A.Honesty is the best policy.  B.It's never too late to mend.

C.What's done cannot be undone.  D.Actions speak louder than words.

    Be it sugar, computer games or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces the “feel-good” neurochemical called dopamine(多巴胺), which brings feelings of pleasure and motivation. “It may be even more important for motivation than for actual pleasure,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School psychiatrist and researcher.

    A dopamine hit brings about pleasure, which is quickly followed by pain, in order to keep us motivated. Lembke says this balancing see-saw of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans, when they had to constantly search for basic needs—food, water, and shelter. “It’s really a smart method to make sure that no matter what we do, that's pleasurable. It doesn't last very long and it's followed by pain so that immediately we're searching again,” she explains.

    But, in modern life, we live in a world of abundance, and Lembke says our brains weren't evolved for the “fire hose of dopamine” of sugar, social media, the Internet, TV, drugs or anything else so easily available. In short, Lembke says, almost every behavior has become a drug.

    When we're repeatedly exposed to our pleasure-producing stimuli(刺激物), our brains adjust and, eventually, we need more and more just to feel “normal”, or not in pain. That’s called a “dopamine deficit state”, and the cycle that leads us there can actually lead to depression or anxiety.

    Finally, Lembke says, this is a universal problem—not one limited to those of us strug8ling with the disease of addiction—that has come with living in modern life.

    To maintain balance and wholeheartedness, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which, in a time of abundance and over-consumption, means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise or resisting certain temptations. “By doing that,” Lembke says, “we will reset reward pathways and ultimately be a lot happier. It's simple but not easy, but it's well worth doing.”

8、What do we learn about dopamine?

A.It makes our body balanced. B.It brings temporary pleasure.

C.It makes us impatient. D.It brings unbearable pain.

9、What does Lembke think of the balancing see-saw of pleasure and pain in ancient times?

A.It was useless.  B.It was harmful.

C.It was meaningful.   D.It was impossible.

10、What does the underlined word “there” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A.The state of feeling normal. B.Too many pleasure-producing stimuli.

C.The state of happiness. D.A dopamine deficit state.

11、What is Dr. Anna Lembke's final suggestion?

A.Experiencing necessary pain. B.Avoiding having fun.

C.Running after comfort.  D.Having abundant resources.

    The Dead Sea is an amazing wonder of the world: the lowest exposed spot on Earth, where the water is so full of salt that bathers float right to the top.

    But today the Dead Sea is drying up, and its banks are collapsing. The water level is dropping close to 4 feet every year. The main part of the lake is now around 950 feet deep—about 15% shallower, and a third of the surface area, compared to its shape half a century ago.

    "You've seen a living disaster in front of your eyes," says Jake Ben Zaken, an Israeli who says he operates the only passenger boats on the Dead Sea.

    As the lake recedes, it changes the landscape around it in both beautiful and harmful ways. Beautiful salt formations are revealed where the water dries up. But there are also terrible scenes of beaches and parking lots swallowed up by sinkholes along the shore.

    Solutions have been proposed to replenish(填满) the Dead Sea, but no significant action has been taken to prevent its further destruction. Climate change makes recovery of the lake seem even further out of reach.

    The Dead Sea is a landlocked lake that's partly in Jordan, Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The lake—named the Dead Sea because it contains too much salt and is not suitable for aquatic(水生的) life—has been drying up for decades.

    "It's a human-made problem," say environmental researchers and officials. In a region where water is rare, Israel, Jordan and Syria in the last several decades have diverted(改道) the freshwater sources that feed the Dead Sea, for drinking water and irrigation. Plus, Israeli and Jordanian companies evaporate(蒸发). Dead Sea water to harvest its rich minerals for export. The part of the lake with Israeli hotels, a popular spot for tourists to float in Dead Sea water, is actually an artificial evaporation pool in the lake's southern basin.

12、How deep was the main part of the Dead Sea 50 years ago probably?

A.About 800 feet.   B.About 1,000 feet.

C.About 1,100 feet.   D.About 1,300 feet.

13、What does the underlined word “recedes” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Goes up. B.Gets popular. C.Flows over. D.Becomes smaller.

14、What's the last paragraph mainly about?

A.The solutions to the problem. B.The future of the Dead Sea.

C.The reasons for the problem. D.The situation of the Dead Sea.

15、Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A.The Dead Sea Is Dying

B.The Dead Sea Is Recovering

C.The Dead Sea—a Salty Lake with Minerals

D.The Dead Sea—a Place for Tourists to Float

二、七选五

16、    Anyone who has an idea worth sharing is capable of giving a powerful talk. The only thing that truly matters in public speaking is not confidence, stage presence, or smooth talking. ①_____

    I am using the word “idea” quite broadly here. It doesn't have to be a scientific breakthrough, a genius invention, or a complex legal theory. ②_____ Or a human insight illustrated with the power of a story. Or a beautiful image that has meaning. Or an event you wish might happen in the future. Or perhaps just a reminder of what matters most in life.

    An idea is anything that can change how people see the world. If you can create a great idea in people's minds, you have done something amazing. You have given them a gift of incalculable value. ③_____

    But, more likely, you have far more in you worth sharing than you're even aware of. You don't have to have invented something. You've led a life that is yours and yours only. ④_____ There are insights to be drawn from some of those experiences that are absolutely worth sharing. You just have to figure out which ones.

    ⑤_____ You've invented nothing. You're not particularly creative. You don't see yourself as super-intelligent. You don't have any particularly brilliant ideas about the future. You're not even sure there's anything you're super-passionate about.

    Well, I grant you, that's a tough starting point. To be worth an audience's time, most talks require grounding in something that has some depth. It's theoretically possible that the best thing you can do for now is to continue your journey, and search for something that really does grab you and make you want to go deep.

A.Everything is hard at first.

B.It can be a simple how-to.

C.It's having something worth saying.

D.You need to have confidence in yourself.

E.There are experiences you've had that are unique to you.

F.In a very real sense, a little piece of you has become part of them.

G.You may feel that you've done nothing that would be worth giving a talk about.

三、完形填空（15空）

    Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their    1    have been massive, their names and their stories have    2    been publicized. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to    3    the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be overlooked and she    4    a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.

    Wade told CBS News that while the    5    of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had    6    in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade    7    an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University.

    "So when I met her I thought she is a(n)    8    person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn't    9    any information about her. What I    10    was a Wikipedia page but it wasn't there."

    That's how Wade got the    11    —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don't yet have them.

    In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to    12    information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She's written more than 1,700 so far.

    Wade is now making a    13    for herself in science, and she knows she wouldn't be here without those who came before her. "We all have a role to    14    in making science a more diverse and    15    place," she said.

17、A.ambitions B.potentials C. achievements D.demands

18、A.naturally B.permanently C.rarely D.regularly

19、A.share B.choose C.read D.appreciate

20、A.thought little of B.came up with C.passed down D.left out

21、A.goal B.progress C.responsibility D.number

22、A.concepts B.role models C.safety rules D.followers

23、A.referred to B.turned down C.ran across D.took in

24、A.awesome B.ordinary C.serious D.patient

25、A.remember B.identify C.offer D.find

26、A.desired B.accepted C.recommended D.acknowledged

27、A.help B.order C.belief D.idea

28、A.collect B.post C.manage D.correct

29、A.suggestion B.will C.name D.request

30、A.make B.play C.select D.decide

31、A.fairer B.safer C.quieter D.wider

四、短文填空

32、    Two villages have been named the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization, thanks to their achievements in balancing tourism with economic development while ①_____(stick) to environmental protection.

    According to the organization, 32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and China ②_____(award) the recognition late on Tuesday. China's Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region ③_____Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.

    Figures cited from the county's culture and tourism bureau show that tourism development in Dazhai ④_____(bring) great economic benefits to villagers and created more jobs for them since the village started to develop tourism around 2003.

    ⑤_____ the bureau has pointed out, though the village only received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rose ⑥_____(sharp) to nearly 798,000 in 2019 before COVID-19 emerged. The villagers' average income among its 1,212 people of 271 households, also saw ⑦_____ rise from 700 yuan per year($100) to over 34,500 yuan in 2019,the bureau said.

    Jingzhu village, the other village ⑧_____(recognize) by the World Tourism Organization this year.is located in Wulong district of southwest Chongqing and over half of the villagers work in the tourism industry.

    The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in 2021 ⑨_____(promote) the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has four villages winning the title, ⑩_____ the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.

五、书面表达

33、你校英文报最新一期Hot Topic栏目讨论的话题是“如何改善免疫系统”。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括：

1.免疫系统的重要性；

2.我们应该如何提高免疫力。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇：免疫系统immune system

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、读后续写

34、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

    My world was in a constant state of change and I was having trouble keeping up. Life with Mom, Dad, and my sister, Linda, had always been comfortable and fairly predictable. My grades were good, and Linda and I got on well. We played together and fought together, the way sisters do. As the older one, I was used to being told to set an example, which wasn't too difficult, since Linda was only two years younger, and she usually wanted to do anything I did, anyway. Life was pretty good.

    Then the changes started coming.

    First came a family meeting with surprising news that would change my world. We were moving. Our new home would be across the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, in another borough of New York City. We were leaving the only home I had ever known. Even worse, it would occur right before the beginning of sixth grade. Not only would I not be able to graduate from elementary school with my friends, but I would have to start middle school with a class full of kids who had known each other, and bonded, since kindergarten. Where would that leave me?

    I spent the summer adjusting to a new neighborhood, literally being the new kid on the block. Making friends didn't come easily to me, and it didn't help being the eldest child of immigrant parents. I was different, and being different is the last thing any middle school student wants. The fear of starting a new school hung over me like a black cloud, damaging each summer day.

    The first day of school arrived way too quickly. I entered my new classroom trying very hard not to appear as scared as I felt, but it wasn't easy. Twenty-eight faces turned to look up at me as I followed the Assistant Principal into the room. They all looked so cool, and some of the girls even wore make-up. How would I ever fit in? I was out of touch in every way possible. I wasn't allowed to wear make-up or nail polish. Most of my clothes were handmade, sewn by my mother and grandmother.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

    Mr. Bernstein welcomed me to the classroom and introduced me to my new desk mate—Janet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    We walked to the cafeteria, sat together, and opened our lunch bags.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

1、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知,从20年前开始,Who Was?系列已经出版发行了大约250本图书。

2、答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段可知,Nancy Harrison 主要负责给 Who Was?系列图书绘制插图。

3、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。综合全文可知,Who Was?系列图书的选题主要是一些有成就的名人,并未提及是谁决定主题的。

4、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知,30年来,因为青少年时偷士力架巧克力的行为,Dwayne Johnson一直受到良心的谴责。

5、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据上下文可知,Dwayne Johnson这么做是为了对过去自己所犯的错误表示弥补和忏悔。

6、答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Dwayne Johnson指出,我们虽然无法改变过去,但是可以做一些事情来对过去的错误做出弥补和补偿。由此可知他是一个对自己行为负责任的人。

7、答案：B

解析：目的意图题。综合全文可知,作者分享Dwayne Johnson的故事,主要告诉我们弥补过失和改正错误的重要性,即使这种弥补和改正来得晚一些。

8、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知,多巴胺会给我们带来快感,但是这种快感转瞬即逝,随之而来的是痛苦。

9、答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知,Amma Lembke博士认为,对早期的人类来说,寻求这种“快乐—痛苦—再快乐—再痛苦”的跷跷板平衡游戏是有意义的,因为古代社会物质缺乏,他们只有不断追求新的物质满足才能生存。

10、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据三、四段可知,在现代社会,几乎所有带给我们快乐的东西都具有了毒品般让我们成瘾的特点。由于我们不断接触产生快乐的刺激物,大脑就会适应,最终我们需要越来越多的刺激物来使我们感到正常,不然我们就会感到痛苦。这种状态就叫做“多巴胺缺失状态”。把我们引导到这一状态的循环最终会把我们引导到沮丧和焦虑状态。

11、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,Amma Lemfike博士最后给我们的建议是：有意识地放弃一些安逸享乐、去追求一些有意义的痛苦,比如健身和抵挡一些诱惑。

12、答案：C

解析：数字计算题。根据第二段可知,目前死海主体的深度大约是950英尺,比起半个世纪前变浅了15%。也就是X-15%X=950,可计算出X等于1,117。

13、答案：D

解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知,死海目前正在不断干涸、水平面逐年下降,也就是不断"变小"。

14、答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,本段作者主要分析了死海水分流失、逐年变浅的主要原因。

15、答案：A

解析：标题归纳题。综合全文可知,本文主要告诉我们：由于气候变化及人为原因,死海正在不断干涸、走向死亡。

16、答案：CBFEG

解析：

17、答案：C

解析：考查名词。根据上句中的“female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”可知,这些女士取得了巨大的“成就”。

18、答案：C

解析：考查副词。根据上句中的"while"一词可知,这些女士虽然成就巨大,但是"很少"被报道和宣传。

19、答案：A

解析：考查动词。根据下文可知,物理学家Jess Wade想在网上“分享”她们的故事。

20、答案：B

解析：考查动词短语。Jess Wade 于是“想出”了一个独特方法来宣传那些被忽略的女性科学家—编写维基百科的网页。

21、答案：D

解析：考查名词。Jess Wade 认为,虽然比起男性科学家来说女性科学家的“人数”较少,但是在科学领域依然有很多女性科学家是她的“榜样人物”

22、答案：B

解析：考查名词。role model这里表示“(值得仿效的)优秀的人或物；模范；榜样”。

23、答案：C

解析：考查动词短语。Jess Wade读研究生时,“遇到”一位从事科学的优秀女性—Kim Cobb,她是布朗大学的一位气候科学家。

24、答案：A

解析：考查形容词。根据下文信息"I need to learn more about her"可知,Kim Cobb是一位"了不起的"人。

25、答案：D

解析：考查动词。Jess Wade试着在网上搜索Kim Cobb的资料,结果无法“找到”一些有关她的信息。

26、答案：A

解析：考查动词。Jess Wade想找到有关Kim Cobb的维基百科网页。

27、答案：D

解析：考查名词。Jess Wade上面的经历激发她产生了编写维基百科网页的"想法"。

28、答案：A

解析：考查动词。Jess Wade搜索网页的目的是"搜集"有关女性科学家的信息。

29、答案：C

解析：考查名词。由于Jess Wade所从事的工作,她在科学领域也"出名"了。make a name for oneself=make one's name意为“成名；出名”。

30、答案：B

解析：考查动词。Jess Wade认为,我们都有责任使科学领域成为一个更多样化、更公平的地方。play a role是固定短语,意为"发挥作用；起作用"。

31、答案：A

解析：考查形容词。Jess Wade所做的事是为那些被忽略的女性科学家发声,这显然是为了让科学领域变得“更公平”。

32、答案：①sticking②were awarded③and④has brought⑤As⑥sharply⑦a⑧recognized⑨to promote⑩with

解析：①考查非谓语动词。本空为省略形式,因此这里应该填入动名词形式。

②考查动词时态和语态。本句主语为32 villages,时间状语为late on Tuesday,这里表示“被颁发和授予”这一荣誉,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。

③考查连词。本空前后是两个并列主语Dazhai village和Jingzhu village,因此这里填入并列连词and。

④考查动词时态。本句时间状语为since the village started to develop tourism around 2003,因此这里应该用现在完成时。

⑤考查定语从句。此处为定语从句,填 as,表示“正如”。

⑥考查词性转换。修饰动词rose应用副词sharply,表示“大幅度增长”。

⑦考查冠词。这里的rise是可数名词,意为"上涨；增加",前面通常用不定冠词a。如：ask for a rise“要求增加工资”。

⑧考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语形式,空后面的by一词暗示这里需要填入一个过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的名词village。

⑨考查非谓语动词。本空前面说"世界旅游组织从2021年开始评选全球最佳旅游村",后面是说明这一举措的目的(促进村落文化遗产保护和可持续发展),因此填入动词不定式作目的状语。

⑩考查介词。根据语境可知,这里是一个由介词with引导的复合结构,在句中作状语,表示补充说明。

33、答案：

    The immune system is the body's way of protecting itself from infection and disease; it fights everything from cold and flu viruses to serious conditions. What should we do to improve our immune system?

    Firstly, we need to eat well. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is beneficial to our health. Secondly, we're supposed to take regular exercise, which helps us feel better, sleep better and reduce anxiety. Last but not least, getting enough sleep is of great importance. Scientific evidence shows that sleep loss can negatively affect different parts of the immune system.

34、答案：

    Mr. Bernstein welcomed me to the classroom and introduced me to my new desk mate—Janet. I took my seat and Janet greeted me with a warm smile. There wasn't time for conversation before Mr. Bernstein began to rapidly detail the requirements for our class. I wrote as fast as possible, stealing occasional peeks at Janet. What was she like? Would she accept me? I would find out the answers soon enough, during lunch period.

    We walked to the cafeteria, sat together, and opened our lunch bags. Between bites of our sandwiches, we began to ask each other questions. Her responses were not at all what I expected. Home? It turned out that we lived about a fifteen-minute walk apart. Upbringing? Her parents were as strict as mine: no make-up. The smiles on both our faces broadened with each new exchange. It turned out that Janet was a very nice girl and we felt like old friends at the first meeting because we had so much in common.