2023山西省三晋名校联盟高三下学期顶尖计划联考试题英语含解析

这是一份2023山西省三晋名校联盟高三下学期顶尖计划联考试题英语含解析，共19页。试卷主要包含了15，5 punds等内容，欢迎下载使用。

绝密★启用前
三晋名校联盟
2022—2023学年（下）高三顶尖计划联考
英 语
考生注意：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需
改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A.₤19.15. B.₤9.18. C.₤9.15.
答案是C。
1.What does the man want?
A.A model ship. B.Some chips. C.Some toys.
2.How does the woman feel finally?
A.Worried. B.Disappointed. C.Encouraged.
3.Where are the speakers now probably?
A.On the highway. B.In a parking lot. C.In a hotel.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A.Painting a picture. B.Making an appointment. C.Moving into their new house.
5.What made the woman wait so long for the clothes?
A.A traffic accident. B.The wrong delivery. C. Not getting a message.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What does the man say about the piano lesson?
A.It's boring. B.It's interesting. C.It's expensive.
7.How much do the woman's piano lessons cost each?
A.8.5 pounds. B.10 pounds. C.10.5 pounds.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.How is Jack getting on with his Chinese learning?
A.He has given it up.
B.He has found a new way.
C.He has made little progress.
9.How is Katherine learning Chinese?
A.By watching movies.
B.By listening to songs.
C.By communicating with others.
10.Where did Katherine get her learning resources?
A.From her friend. B.From her teacher. C.From the Internet.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What does the woman think of Mike's behavior?
A.Unfriendly. B.Unusual. C.Unselfish.
12.What does the woman advise Mike to do?
A.Be more careful. B.Share things. C.Make an apology.
13.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Father and daughter. B.Brother and sister. C.Mother and son.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Why do the critics think the film is unsuitable for children?
A.The music is too scary. B.The plot is too complex. C.The scenes are too violent.
15.What made the man feel curious about the book?
A.Its language. B.Its ending. C.Its author.
16.Why does the woman like the book?
A.It uses humorous words. B.It is based on a real story. C.It has many pretty photos.
17.What will the woman do?
A.Buy the film tickets. B.See the film next Thursday. C.Wait for the man's call.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Which pet may an outgoing person prefer?
A.A dog. B.A cat. C.A bird.
19.What may a cat owner be like?
A.Friendlier. B.Cleverer. C.More careful.
20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A.The characters of some pets.
B.The ways of raising pets.
C.Pet people's personalities.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A

Penguin's Who Was？series tells the incredible stories of trailblazers（开拓者），legends，innovators,and creators. The following are frequently asked questions:
How many Who Was?titles are there?
About 250 Who Was?titles have been published since the series first began 20 years ago. And with the addition of the What Was? and Where Is? series, readers now have more than 300 amazing books about influential people,world-famous landmarks, and interesting historical events.
How do you choose the subjects for the Who Was?titles?
The subjects for the Who Was? series are often decided quite far in advance. People who are the first at something, or the best at what they do, or who have made major contributions in their field—and sometimes all three—make the best subjects.
What was the first Who Was?book?
The first four Who Was? books—Who Was Sacagawea?,Who Was Ben Franklin?,Who Was Albert Einstein?,and Who Was Annie Oakley2—were actually published on the same day. So when February 18 rolls around,be sure to wish these books a Happy Birthday!
Does the same person illustrate every cover?
Just about every Who Was? cover(except two)is illustrated by Nancy Harrison,who has been working on the series since the very first book.
How long does it take to complete one book?
It can take years!And sometimes the books are finished much more quickly.From the time an author is contracted to write the manuscript,through editing,copy editing,design and illustration,to publication,it takes—on average—eighteen to twenty-four months.
21.How many Who Was? books are published every year on average?
A.About 10. B.About 12. C.About 15. D.About 17.
22.What is Nancy Harrison good at doing?
A.Writing books. B.Selling books. C.Producing ideas. D.Drawing pictures.
23.What do we learn about Penguin's Who Was?series?
A.It is intended for adult readers. B.It is better received than other series.
C.It focuses on people with achievements. D.Its subjects are usually decided by readers.
B
Dwayne Johnson said this week he returned to a 7-Eleven in Hawaii to "right the wrong" of stealing candy when he was a teenager.
In an Instagram post,the star explained that his family was“broke as hell”when he was living on the island and， for nearly a year when he was 14，he would steal a Snickers（士力架）bar from the store on the way to the gym“every day” as his pre-workout snack because he couldn't afford to buy one.
He recalled that“the same clerk was there every day and always just turned her head and never searched me"， but admitted that his actions had been weighing on his conscience（良心）for three decades.
Johnson documented the recent visit to the store, in which he emptied the shelves of every Snickers bar, bought them and then left the candy bars for any customer to take for free.
"If somebody looks like they're stealing Snickers, give them these so they don't steal it,"Johnson told the store clerk.
He wrote that he realized the deed might seem“silly”,but every time he came back home to Hawaii and drove by 7-Eleven,he always knew he“needed to go in and clean out every Snickers bar they had--the right way.
Johnson racked up a bill of $298 and also tipped the clerk who had to count the dozens of bars he bought and another cashier who was working at the time. The former wrestling star even posed for selfies with fans while trying to film the visit.
“We can't change the past and some of the dumb stuff we may have done, but every once in a while we can do something to make up for that fault—and maybe put a big smile on some strangers' faces," Johnson said.
24.How did Dwayne Johnson feel about what he did at the age of 14?
A.Guilty. B.Shocked. C.Nervous. D.Confused.
25.Why did Dwayne Johnson spend $298 on Snickers bars?
A.To thank the store clerk. B.To show off his wealth.
C.To realize his childhood dream. D.To make up for his past behaviour.
26.What do we learn about Dwayne Johnson?
A.He was born into a rich family. B.He was lazy when he was young.
C.He was responsible for his behaviour. D.He was once caught by the clerk.
27.What does the author want to tell us by sharing Dwayne Johnson's story?
A.Honesty is the best policy. B.It's never too late to mend.
C.What's done cannot be undone. D.Actions speak louder than words.
C
Be it sugar,computer games or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces the“feel-good”neurochemical called dopamine（多巴胺），which brings feelings of pleasure and motivation.“It may be even more important for motivation than for actual pleasure,"says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School psychiatrist and researcher.
A dopamine hit brings about pleasure,which is quickly followed by pain, in order to keep us motivated. Lembke says this balancing see-saw of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans,when they had to constantly search for basic needs—food, water, and shelter.“It’s really a smart method to make sure that no matter what we do, that's pleasurable. It doesn't last very long and it's followed by pain so that immediately we're searching again," she explains.
But,in modern life,we live in a world of abundance, and Lembke says our brains weren't evolved for the“fire hose of dopamine”of sugar, social media, the Internet, TV, drugs or anything else so easily available. In short,Lembke says, almost every behavior has become a drug.
When we're repeatedly exposed to our pleasure-producing stimuli（刺激物），our brains adjust and,eventually,we need more and more just to feel“normal”,or not in pain. That’s called a “dopamine deficit state”, and the cycle that leads us there can actually lead to depression or anxiety.
Finally,Lembke says,this is a universal problem—not one limited to those of us strug8ling with the disease of addiction—that has come with living in modern life.
To maintain balance and wholeheartedness, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which,in a time of abundance and over-consumption, means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy,such as exercise or resisting certain temptations.“By doing that,”Lembke says,"we will reset reward pathways and ultimately be a lot happier. It's simple but not easy, but it's well worth doing."
28.What do we learn about dopamine?
A.It makes our body balanced. B.It brings temporary pleasure.
C.It makes us impatient. D.It brings unbearable pain.
29.What does Lembke think of the balancing see-saw of pleasure and pain in ancient times?
A.It was useless. B.It was harmful. C.It was meaningful. D.It was impossible.
30.What does the underlined word“there”in paragraph 4 refer to?
A.The state of feeling normal. B.Too many pleasure-producing stimuli.
C.The state of happiness. D.A dopamine deficit state.
31.What is Dr. Anna Lembke's final suggestion?
A.Experiencing necessary pain. B.Avoiding having fun.
C.Running after comfort. D.Having abundant resources.
D
The Dead Sea is an amazing wonder of the world:the lowest exposed spot on Earth,where the water is so full of salt that bathers float right to the top.
But today the Dead Sea is drying up,and its banks are collapsing. The water level is dropping close to 4 feet every year. The main part of the lake is now around 950 feet deep—about 15%shallower, and a third of the surface area, compared to its shape half a century ago.
“You've seen a living disaster in front of your eyes," says Jake Ben Zaken, an Israeli who says he operates the only passenger boats on the Dead Sea.
As the lake recedes,it changes the landscape around it in both beautiful and harmful ways. Beautiful salt formations are revealed where the water dries up. But there are also terrible scenes of beaches and parking lots swallowed up by sinkholes along the shore.
Solutions have been proposed to replenish（填满）the Dead Sea，but no significant action has been taken to prevent its further destruction. Climate change makes recovery of the lake seem even further out of reach.
The Dead Sea is a landlocked lake that's partly in Jordan, Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The lake—named the Dead Sea because it contains too much salt and is not suitable for aquatic（水生的）life—has been drying up for decades.
"It's a human-made problem," say environmental researchers and officials. In a region where water is rare，Israel，Jordan and Syria in the last several decades have diverted（改道）the freshwater sources that feed the Dead Sea,for drinking water and irrigation. Plus, Israeli and Jordanian companies evaporate（蒸发）Dead Sea water to harvest its rich minerals for export. The part of the lake with Israeli hotels,a popular spot for tourists to float in Dead Sea water,is actually an artificial evaporation pool in the lake's southern basin.
32.How deep was the main part of the Dead Sea 50 years ago probably?
A.About 800 feet. B.About 1,000 feet.
C.About 1,100 feet. D.About 1,300 feet.
33.What does the underlined word“recedes”in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Goes up. B.Gets popular. C.Flows over. D.Becomes smaller.
34.What's the last paragraph mainly about?
A.The solutions to the problem. B.The future of the Dead Sea.
C.The reasons for the problem. D.The situation of the Dead Sea.
35.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.The Dead Sea Is Dying B.The Dead Sea Is Recovering
C.The Dead Sea—a Salty Lake with Minerals D.The Dead Sea—a Place for Tourists to Float
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anyone who has an idea worth sharing is capable of giving a powerful talk. The only thing that truly matters in public speaking is not confidence,stage presence,or smooth talking.__36__
I am using the word“idea”quite broadly here. It doesn't have to be a scientific breakthrough,a genius invention, or a complex legal theory. __37__Or a human insight illustrated with the power of a story. Or a beautiful image that has meaning. Or an event you wish might happen in the future. Or perhaps just a reminder of what matters most in life.
An idea is anything that can change how people see the world. If you can create a great idea in people's minds,you have done something amazing. You have given them a gift of incalculable value.__38__
But,more likely,you have far more in you worth sharing than you're even aware of. You don't have to have invented something. You've led a life that is yours and yours only.__39__There are insights to be drawn from some of those experiences that are absolutely worth sharing. You just have to figure out which ones.
__40__You've invented nothing.You're not particularly creative. You don't see yourself as super-intelligent. You don't have any particularly brilliant ideas about the future. You're not even sure there's anything you're super-passionate about.
Well,I grant you,that's a tough starting point. To be worth an audience's time,most talks require grounding in something that has some depth. It's theoretically possible that the best thing you can do for now is to continue your journey,and search for something that really does grab you and make you want to go deep.
A.Everything is hard at first.
B.It can be a simple how-to.
C.It's having something worth saying.
D.You need to have confidence in yourself.
E.There are experiences you've had that are unique to you.
F.In a very real sense,a little piece of you has become part of them.
G.You may feel that you've done nothing that would be worth giving a talk about.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Throughout history,female scientists,engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their__41__have been massive, their names and their stories have__42__been publicized. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to__43__the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be overlooked and she__44__a unique way to do that:writing Wikipedia pages.
Wade told CBS News that while the__45__of women in science is small in comparison to that of men,she has always had__46__in the field. When she was a graduate student,Wade__47__ an inspiring woman in science,Kim Cobb,who is a climate scientist at Brown University.
"So when I met her I thought she is a(n)__48__person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search,I couldn't__49__any information about her. What I__50__was a Wikipedia page but it wasn't there."
That's how Wade got the__51__—to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don't yet have them.
In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to__52__information,and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She's written more than 1,700 so far.
Wade is now making a__53__for herself in science,and she knows she wouldn't be here without those who came before her.“We all have a role to__54__in making science a more diverse and__55__place," she said.
41.A.ambitions 42.A.naturally 43.A.share 44.A.thought little of
45.A.goal 46.A.concepts 47.A.referred to
48.A.awesome 49.A.remember 50.A.desired 51.A.help
52.A.collect 53.A.suggestion 54.A.make
55.A.fairer
B.potentials B.permanently B.choose
B.came up with
B.progress
B.role models
B.turned down
B.ordinary
B.identify
B.accepted
B.order
B.post
B.will
B.play
B.safer
C. achievements
C.rarely
C.read
C.passed down
C.responsibility C.safety rules
C.ran across
C.serious
C.offer C.recommended C.belief
C.manage
C.name
C.select
C.quieter
D.demands D.regularly D.appreciate
D.left out
D.number
D.followers
D.took in
D.patient
D.find D.acknowledged D.idea
D.correct
D.request
D.decide
D.wider

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Two villages have been named the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization, thanks to their achievements in balancing tourism with economic development while__ 56__(stick)to environmental protection.
According to the organization,32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and China__57__(award) the recognition late on Tuesday. China's Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region__58__Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.
Figures cited from the county's culture and tourism bureau show that tourism development in Dazhai__59__(bring)great economic benefits to villagers and created more jobs for them since the village started to develop tourism around 2003.
__60__the bureau has pointed out,though the village only received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rose__61__(sharp)to nearly 798,000 in 2019 before COVID-19 emerged. The villagers' average income among its 1,212 people of 271 households,also saw__62__rise from 700 yuan per year($100)to over 34,500 yuan in 2019,the bureau said.
Jingzhu village,the other village__63__(recognize)by the World Tourism Organization this year.is located in Wulong district of southwest Chongqing and over half of the villagers work in the tourism industry.
The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in 2021__64__(promote)the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has four villages winning the title,__65__the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校英文报最新一期Hot Topic栏目讨论的话题是“如何改善免疫系统”。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.免疫系统的重要性；
2.我们应该如何提高免疫力。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：免疫系统immune system







第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My world was in a constant state of change and I was having trouble keeping up. Life with Mom,Dad,and my sister,Linda,had always been comfortable and fairly predictable. My grades were good, and Linda and I got on well. We played together and fought together, the way sisters do. As the older one,I was used to being told to set an example, which wasn't too difficult, since Linda was only two years younger, and she usually wanted to do anything I did, anyway. Life was pretty good.
Then the changes started coming,
First came a family meeting with surprising news that would change my world. We were moving. Our new home would be across the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, in another borough of New York City. We were leaving the only home I had ever known. Even worse, it would occur right before the beginning of sixth grade. Not only would I not be able to graduate from elementary school with my friends, but I would have to start middle school with a class full of kids who had known each other,and bonded,since kindergarten. Where would that leave me?
I spent the summer adjusting to a new neighborhood, literally being the new kid on the block. Making friends didn't come easily to me,and it didn't help being the eldest child of immigrant parents. I was different, and being different is the last thing any middle school student wants. The fear of starting a new school hung over me like a black cloud, damaging each summer day.
The first day of school arrived way too quickly. I entered my new classroom trying very hard not to appear as scared as I felt, but it wasn't easy. Twenty-eight faces turned to look up at me as I followed the Assistant Principal into the room.They all looked so cool, and some of the girls even wore make-up. How would I ever fit in? I was out of touch in every way possible. I wasn't allowed to wear make-up or nail polish. Most of my clothes were handmade, sewn by my mother and grandmother.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr. Bernstein welcomed me to the classroom and introduced me to my new desk mate—Janet.




We walked to the cafeteria,sat together,and opened our lunch bags.

































2022——2023学年（下）高三顶尖计划联考
英语·答案
听力原文
Text 1
M:Hey Mom,are you at the supermarket now?
W: Hello? Sweetie, the sound isn't very clear.
M:Don't forget to bring me some chips. I want a big one.
W: A pig ship? What is it? A model?I can't hear you clearly. You can text me.
Text 2
M:How was your exam?
W:I really messed it up. I already know that I failed.
M:Everybody makes mistakes. Auntie and I will always support you!
W:Thank you,Uncle.I will try again.
Text 3
W: We'd better stop and have a rest.
M: OK. I'll look at the map to see exactly where we are.
W:Do you think we'll have any trouble finding a room for the night?
M:I'm sure it'll be easy to find a place.
Text 4
W: When shall we have our new house painted? I can't wait to move into it.
M: It is ready for our move. How about July 5?I'm free that day.
W:Good. It suits us two. But we should call the company for an appointment first.
Text 5
W: Hi, Ben. I will go to the front desk to fetch my package. My new clothes finally came!
M：Did it take a long time？
W:Yeah. They made a mistake and sent it to the wrong address.
Text 6
M:How long have you had piano lessons,Kate?
W:For six years,Joe.I started it when I was nine.
M: I wanted to learn but the lessons are expensive. They're more than ten pounds each.
W:My teacher usually charges 10.5 pounds. But I get them for 8.5 pounds because my sister has lessons there,too.
M:You like it very much,right?
W:Well,learning to read music was really boring and practice wasn't easy. But now I think it's fun. M:Is your teacher nice?
W:Yes. She's nice even when I get things wrong. She's really a good teacher.
Text 7
W:Are you OK,Jack?You look pale.
M:I'm fine,Katherine.I just stayed up late last night working on my Chinese.
W:Oh,poor you.You know what?I found anew way to learn Chinese and it works very well.
M:You did?Do tell me.I've spent all these months trying to learn something new about it, but I've made little progress.
W: Sure. I'm learning Chinese through songs.
M: So you're learning Chinese songs?
W:You can say that.I can actually sing some of them now.
M:That's a real achievement. How did you do that?
W:I start by listening to the song and after several times I am able to follow the singer.
M：It makes sense.
W:It does.I've learned some Chinese folk songs this way. They are clearly presented and easy to follow.
M: Can I join you, Katherine?I do want to have a try.
W: Why not? I downloaded a beautiful song the other day. We can learn it together now.
Text 8
W:Mike,do you know why your brother is crying?
M:I don't know. Maybe because I wouldn't let him play with my toys.
W:That's not very kind. What do we say in our family?
M: Sharing is caring.
W:That's right. That means you two need to take turns.
M:But he always plays with them alone!He never gives them back.
W:You're his big brother.You need to set an example for him.
M:But sometimes he even breaks them!
W:I'll ask him to be more careful. And you can ask him nicely to give them back next time. M:But...
W: No buts, Mister! If you don't listen to my words, I'll tell your father.
Text 9
M:I heard about Joe Schultz's new film. It is said to be unsuitable for young children to see. Some critics say that watching the first few minutes is pretty unpleasant.
W:That didn't seem to worry the authorities even if there is quite a bit of strong language. The critics couldn't tolerate the music—making your hair stand on end.
M: Anyway, I don't think the storyline is really suitable for young children.
W:Yes,I agree with you. And have you read the book?
M:Oh yeah. A great book. I couldn't guess what the final ending would be.
W:I couldn't agree more!I love the way the author uses humorous words.
M:Yeah. Maybe that's the reason why it is so popular in the film market. In addition, the price of the film ticket is a real bargain. Personally, it's good value for money, isn't it?
W:Yes. It is worth every penny. So what about seeing the film together next Friday?
M:I'd like to, but I'm not sure if I'll be free next Friday. I will check my schedule and then call you, OK?
W: Sure. I'll be expecting your good news.
Text 10
W: Are you a dog person or a cat person?What psychological factors make a person choose one type of pet over the other？
An outgoing person prefers dogs. This should really come as no surprise. Owning a dog is a social experience, because you always have to walk them and interact with other dog owners. If you really like talking to other people, a dog might be suitable for you. Cats on the other hand tend to stay at home, which means that taking care of a cat requires much less social interaction.
Cat people are smarter. While studies show that dog lovers are more outgoing and lively, cat lovers score higher on intelligence tests, and are said to be more open-minded.They are also more curious about the world, even though they might not leave the house to see it as much!
Do you love a dog or a cat?Are you a different kind of pet person like a turtle person or a bird person? Does your personality match some features we talked about earlier?I hope my speech will be helpful to you. Thank you for listening!





（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

1——5 BCACB 6——10 CACBC 11——15 ABCAB 16——20 ACABC

（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）

文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章通过回答问题的方式，简要介绍了美国非常畅销的Who Was？系列图书。
21.答案 B
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，从20年前开始，Who Was？系列已经出版发行了大约250本图书。
22.答案 D
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第五段可知，Nancy Harrison 主要负责给 Who Was？系列图书绘制插图。23.答案 C
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拔 综合全文可知，Who Was？系列图书的选题主要是一些有成就的名人，并未提及是谁决定主题的。文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Dvavne Johuson14 岁时曾经偷过便利店的士力架巧克力，如今已成为明星的他为了表示对过去错误的忏悔，去该便利店花298美元买下该店所有的士力架巧克力，供有需要的顾客免费拿走。
24.答案 A
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第三段可知，30年来，因为青少年时偷士力架巧克力的行为，Dwayne Johnson一直受到良心的谴责。
25.答案 D
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据上下文可知，Dwayne Johnson 这么做是为了对过去自己所犯的错误表示弥补和忏悔。
26.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，Dwayne Johnson 指出，我们虽然无法改变过去，但是可以做一些事情来对过去的错误做出弥补和补偿。由此可知他是一个对自己行为负责任的人。
27.答案 B
命题透析 目的意图题。
思路点拨 综合全文可知，作者分享Dwayne Johnson 的故事，主要告诉我们弥补过失和改正错误的重要性，即使这种弥补和改正来得晚一些。
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。无论是糖、电脑游戏还是社交媒体，都会在我们大脑中产生一种令我们感觉良好的叫做多巴胺的神经化学物质。问题在于，这种快乐的感觉是很短暂的，我们很快又会陷入痛苦，然后又要追求新的快感——如此循环往复。
28.答案 B
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第一、二段可知，多巴胺会给我们带来快感，但是这种快感转瞬即逝，随之而来的是痛苦。
29.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，Amma Lembke博士认为，对早期的人类来说，寻求这种“快乐——痛苦——再快乐——再痛苦”的跷跷板平衡游戏是有意义的，因为古代社会物质缺乏，他们只有不断追求新的物质满足才能生存。
30.答案 D
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据三、四段可知，在现代社会，几乎所有带给我们快乐的东西都具有了毒品般让我们成瘾的特点。由于我们不断接触产生快乐的刺激物，大脑就会适应，最终我们需要越来越多的刺激物来使我们感到正常，不然我们就会感到痛苦。这种状态就叫做“多巴胺缺失状态”。把我们引导到这一状态的循环最终会把我们引导到沮丧和焦虑状态。
31.答案 A
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，Amma Lemfike 博士最后给我们的建议是：有意识地放弃一些安逸享乐、去追求一些有意义的痛苦，比如健身和抵挡一些诱惑。
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。死海信于以色列、巴勒斯坦、约旦交界，是世界上最低的湖泊。目前由于种种原因，它正在不断干涸、走向死亡。
32.答案 C
命题透析 数字计算题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，目前死海主体的深度大约是950英尺，比起半个世纪前变浅了15%。也就是X-15%X=950，可计算出X等于1，117。
33.答案 D
命题透析 词义猜测题。
思路点拨 根据上文可知，死海目前正在不断干涸、水平面逐年下降，也就是不断"变小"。34.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，本段作者主要分析了死海水分流失、逐年变浅的主要原因。35.答案 A
命题透析 标题归纳题。
思路点拨 综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们：由于气候变化及人为原因，死海正在不断干涸、走向死亡。
36—40 CBFEG
（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。历史上有很多女性取得了杰出的成就，可是她们却默默无闻。物理学家 Jess Wade想通过自己的努力来改变这一现状。
41.答案 C
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 根据上句中的"female scientists，engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”可知，这些女士取得了巨大的“成就”。
42.答案 C
命题透析 考查副词。
思路点拨 根据上句中的"while"一词可知，这些女士虽然成就巨大，但是"很少"被报道和宣传。
43.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 根据下文可知，物理学家Jess Wade想在网上“分享”她们的故事。
44.答案 B
命题透析 考查动词短语。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 于是“想出”了一个独特方法来宣传那些被忽略的女性科学家——编写维基百科的网页。
45.答案 D
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 认为，虽然比起男性科学家来说女性科学家的“人数”较少，但是在科学领域依然有很多女性科学家是她的“榜样人物”
46.答案 B
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 role model这里表示“（值得仿效的）优秀的人或物；模范；榜样”。
47.答案 C
命题透析 考查动词短语。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 读研究生时，“遇到”一位从事科学的优秀女性——Kim Cobb，她是布朗大学的一位气候科学家。
48.答案 A
命题透析 考查形容词。
思路点拨 根据下文信息"I need to leam more about her"可知，Kim Cobb是一位"了不起的"人。
49.答案 D
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade试着在网上搜索Kim Cobb的资料，结果无法“找到”一些有关她的信息。50.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade想找到有关Kim Cobb的维基百科网页。
51.答案 D
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade上面的经历激发她产生了编写维基百科网页的"想法"。
52.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade搜索网页的目的是"搜集"有关女性科学家的信息。
53.答案 C
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 由于Jess Wade 所从事的工作，她在科学领域也"出名"了。make a name for oneself=make one's name意为“成名；出名”。
54.答案 B
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 认为，我们都有责任使科学领域成为一个更多样化、更公平的地方。play a role是固定短语，意为"发挥作用；起作用"。
55.答案 A
命题透析 考查形容词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade所做的事是为那些被忽略的女性科学家发声，这显然是为了让科学领域变得“更公平”。（
共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。世界旅游组织正式公布2022年"最佳旅游乡村"名单，中国广西大寨村和重庆荆竹村成功入选。
56.答案 sticking
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 本空为省略形式，因此这里应该填入动名词形式。
57.答案 were awarded
命题透析 考查动词时态和语态。
思路点拨 本句主语为32 villages，时间状语为late on Tuesday，这里表示“被颁发和授予”这一荣誉，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
58.答案 and
命题透析 考查连词。
思路点拨 本空前后是两个并列主语Dazhai village和Jingzhu village，因此这里填入并列连词and。
59.答案 has brought
命题透析 考查动词时态。
思路点拨 本句时间状语为 since the village started t develop tourism around 2003，因此这里应该用现在完成时。
60.答案 As
命题透析 考查定语从句。
思路点拨 此处为定语从句，填 as，表示“正如”。
61.答案 sharply
命题透析 考查词性转换。
思路点拨 修饰动词rose应用副词sharply，表示“大幅度增长”。
62.答案 a
命题透析 考查冠词。
思路点拨 这里的rise是可数名词，意为"上涨；增加"，前面通常用不定冠词 a。如：ask for a rise"要求增加工资”。
63.答案 recognized
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语形式，空后面的by一词暗示这里需要填入一个过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词village。
64.答案 to promote
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 本空前面说"世界旅游组织从2021年开始评选全球最佳旅游村"，后面是说明这一举措的目的（促进村落文化遗产保护和可持续发展），因此填入动词不定式作目的状语。
65.答案 with
命题透析 考查介词。
思路点拨 根据语境可知，这里是一个由介词with引导的复合结构，在句中作状语，表示补充说明。
写作第一节（满分15分）
One possible version:
The immune system is the body's way of protecting itself from infection and disease; it fights everything from cold and flu viruses to serious conditions. What should we do to improve our immune system？
Firstly,we need to eat well. A diet high in fruits,vegetables, and whole grains is beneficial to our health. Secondly,we're supposed to take regular exercise,which helps us feel better,sleep better and reduce anxiety.Last but not least,getting enough sleep is of great importance. Scientific evidence shows that sleep loss can negatively affect different parts of the immune system.
评分原则
1.本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
7.内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档：（13—15分）
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.覆盖所有内容要点。
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档：（10—12分）
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档：（7—9分）
1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档：（4—6分）
1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
3.语法结构单调、词汇知识有限。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档：（1—3分）
1.未完成试题规定的任务。
2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3.语法结构单调、词汇知识有限。
4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
6.信息未能传达给读者。
不得分：（0分）
未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
写作第二节（满分25分）
One possible version:
Mr. Bernstein welcomed me to the classroom and introduced me to my new desk mate— Janet. I took my seat and Janet greeted me with a warm smile. There wasn't time for conversation before Mr. Bernstein began to rapidly detail the requirements for our class. I wrote as fast as possible, stealing occasional peeks at Janet. What was she like? Would she accept me?I would find out the answers soon enough, during lunch period.
We walked to the cafeteria,sat together,and opened our lunch bags. Between bites of our sandwiches, we began to ask each other questions. Her responses were not at all what I expected. Home? It turned out that we lived about a fifteen-minute walk apart. Upbringing? Her parents were as strict as mine: no make-up. The smiles on both our faces broadened with each new exchange. It turned out that Janet was a very nice girl and we felt like old friends at the first meeting because we had so much in common.
评分原则
1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（2）内容的丰富性；
（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
（4）上下文的连贯性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档：（21—25分）
1.与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
2.所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档：（16—20分）
1.与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
2.所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
3.比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档：（11—15分）
1.与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
2.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。
3.应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档：（6—10分）
1.与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
2.语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。3.较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
第一档：（1—5分）
1.与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
2.语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
3.缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
不得分：（0分）
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。