河南省部分学校2023届高三下学期押题信息卷（一）英语试卷（含答案）

河南省部分学校2023届高三下学期押题信息卷（一）英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解

    There are so many websites to help you plan and book trips and, best of all, save money on trips. Here is a selection of four that you should consider bookmarking.

    Stay.com

    I usually don't trust websites that claim they can plan my trips for me. But for a rough schedule, stay.com is not bad at all.

    Here's what you do: Choose one of the destinations. Then go through the listings of top attractions, shopping, restaurants and the like, clicking on whatever appeals to you. Those choices magically turn into a personalized plan that can be either printed out or, better yet, sent to your smartphone, where you can use it—even when you're offline.

    Vayama.com

    Vayama is a flight search engine that specializes in international airlines. It simply seems to know about more airlines and often finds two one-way flights on different airlines that beat out a round-trip flight on a single one. It also occasionally offers you a lower price on a "secret carrier" whose identity you don't learn until you've booked the flight.

    Dishtip.com

    If I had to pick just one site to help with restaurant recommendations around the globe, it would be Chowhound. But DishTip organizes the world of eating out in the United States in a totally new way: by turkey sandwich or blueberry pie. In other words, by single dish, not by restaurant.

    Sure, you may not specifically agree with its "choices" for the best cookie in New York City or chocolate chip from Jacques Torres, but you have to admit that it is not bad for a website.

    Expatsblog.com

    The best travel guides are often foreigners who have lived in a destination long enough to know it well but still maintain an outsider's perspective(视角). This site lists over 300 foreigners' blogs by destination, and you don't have to search very far to find very useful travel tips from their personal experiences.

1、What can visitors search for at Vayama.com?

A. Trip planning.  B. International flights.

C. Various dishes.  D. Personal travel stories.

2、How are dishes organized on Dishtip.com?

A.By chef.  B.By restaurant.

C.By dish name.   D.By neighborhood.

3、Which website should you go if you want to get detailed travel stories?

A. Stay.com.  B. Dishtip.com.

C.Vayama.com.  D.Expatsblog.com.

    Last summer, I was assigned to take photos that could communicate the urgency of climate change in northern Canada. When I arrived at an abandoned village on Resolute Bay, I scanned the shore with my camera. Suddenly, I spotted a bear lying on the ground. It didn't move for almost an hour. But when it finally stood up, I had to catch my breath. The bear's once strong body was just skin and bones; every step that it took was painfully slow.

    When I posted the photos on social media, I wrote, "This is what starvation may look like. I wonder whether the global population of 25,000 polar bears would die the way this bear is dying."

    I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change. But news organizations around the world focused on it. The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, "This is what climate change looks like"—with "climate change" highlighted in yellow. Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines.

    It was estimated that my photos had been read by about 2.5 billion people around the world. But there was a problem: Most people and the news agencies didn't pick up or misunderstood the real message I tried to send with them. Many people expressed gratitude that I'd provided shocking evidence on climate change, while others who are still trying to deny the existence of climate change accused me of spreading false information.

    Perhaps I had made a mistake in not telling the full story—that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future and that I didn't know what had happened to this particular polar bear.

    I can't say that this bear was starving because of climate change, but I am happy that my photos have moved the conversation about climate change to the forefront, where it must remain until this problem is solved.

    Until then, when I come across a scene like this one, I will again share with the world—and take pains to be sure that my intention is clear.

4、How did the author feel when the bear stood up?

A. Shocked. B. Scared. C.Amazed. D. Relieved.

5、What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The story. B. The photo. C.A starving bear. D. Climate change.

6、What did the author really want to do when sharing those photos?

A. Provide more direct evidence on climate change.

B. Show the link between the bear and climate change.

C.Warn the possible consequences of climate change.

D. Expose the false information about climate change.

7、What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?

A. To admit his mistake. B.To clarify his true intention.

C. To please his readers. D. To show off his amazing trip.

    Ruby Rossi is in her last year of high school. She doesn't have a plan beyond graduation, because she assumes that she has to continue working with her father and brother on the family fishing boat. Ruby loves music and loves to sing, but the idea of actually trying to study music seems impossible, even after her music teacher sees promise in her and encourages her to apply to Berklee College of Music in Boston.

    Deciding whether to work in the family business or go out on your own is always tough. But for Ruby, it is particularly difficult: Her parents and her brother are deaf. Ruby herself is not. She is a so-called CODA: a Child of Deaf Adults.

    Directed and written by Sian Heder, CODA is closely based on a 2014 French film called La Famille Bélier, but this version has one important quality that the French film didn't have: The deaf characters are played by deaf actors.

    The fundamental conflict for Ruby is the problems her dream would cause in her family. She's been her parents' interpreter since she was a child. Her parents-especially her mother-wonder what they would do without her to act as a bridge to the local community, which seems to have made no effort at all to communicate with the Rossis. This weighs on her parents, and it weighs on Ruby. Of course, it cannot go on like this forever. But what, her mother wonders, is the option?

    CODA is a cheerfully conventional story in many respects. But the vivid description of the conflict between the children causes tears. Ruby feels that she's sacrificed a great deal for the family, but her brother envies the advantages she gets from being the only person that can communicate with the rest of the world effectively. This gentle description of the complex relations in the family, where everybody can love each other while still being stuck in habits they need to break, does have its own resonance(共鸣).

    Did CODA deserve to crowd out the other movies at Sundance Film Festival as it had done? Probably not.

8、What is Ruby Rossi's dream?

A.To study music.  B.To work on the family fishing boat.

C.To travel around.  D. To teach in Berklee College of Music.

9、What do we know about the movie CODA?

A. It is a French film. 

B. Deaf characters are played by deaf actors.

C.It is about deaf children.

D. It was directed by Sian Heder in 2014.

10、What is the most moving part of the movie according to the author?

A. Ruby Rossi's unselfish love for her family.

B. The sacrifices made by Ruby Rossi's parents.

C. The love Ruby Rossi's brother has shown for her.

D. The conflict between Ruby Rossi and her brother.

11、What is the author's attitude to the honors harvested by CODA at the film festival?

A. Supportive. B. Unclear.  C.Doubtful. D.Uninterested.

    For centuries, scholars have been trying to understand why the Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain around 1750. By studying why similar parts of Britain industrialized at different rates, recent studies show that three factors played the key role: wealth from slave(奴隶) trade, businessmen who stood to benefit from investing, and shortages of lower-skilled workers.

    Stephan Heblich and Hans-Joachim Voth analyzed the impact of wealth available from slave trade. They found that riches from slave trade in the Americas flowed mainly to a few cities, such as Liverpool. By the 1830s, these regions had larger numbers of factories and bigger shares of workers employed in various industries.

    Investors also needed incentives to industrialize. In early modern Britain, farms were usually very small and most tenant farmers(佃农) just paid fixed rents. Such realities could not encourage landowners to invest in more advanced agricultural machines.

    An exception was the churches' land, where such limitations were gone. Between 1536 and 1540, the churches were broken up and their land was sold by Henry VIII. The buyers could farm or rent it on market terms.

    A study by James Robinson and Sebastian Vollmer confirmed that areas once owned by the churches were always the pioneers of industrialization. By the 1830s, they had unusually large numbers of workers in different trades, agricultural-machine patents, cotton and grain processing factories. The authors said that these market-based farms encouraged technological advances.

    Another factor that has gained support was labour shortages. Bruno Caprettini and Alex Trew studied Britain's wars with France between 1793 and 1815, which led to sharp shortages of lower-skilled farmers and workers. They found that adoption of machines was the greatest in the areas that provided the most servicemen.

    The strength of evidence for each of these causes implies that industrialization probably requires a complex mix of conditions. Many important variables are hard to test statistically. But measuring even a few is a promising advance.

12、What did Stephan Heblich and Hans-Joachim Voth's study focus on?

A. The cruelty of slave trade in Britain.

B. The impact of riches from slave trade.

C. The benefits of investing in machines.

D. The shortages of lower-skilled workers.

13、What does the underlined word "incentives" in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Standards. B. Technologies. C. Encouragements. D. Limitations.

14、How did the wars benefit the Industrial Revolution according to the text?

A.By creating new technologies. B. By making the population younger.

C.By adopting market-based reforms. D.By increasing the need for machines.

15、What is the best title for the text?

A. New Studies Identified Causes of the Industrial Revolution

B. Industrialization Has to Meet a Complex Mix of Conditions

C. Wars, Slave Trades and Political Fights Can Also Have Positive Effects

D. Businessmen and Skilled Workers Played Key Roles in the Industrial Revolution

二、七选五

16、    It's important to plan ahead for our lives. But life always takes unexpected turns and throws surprises in our way. Here are some advice on how to get through such uncertainties.

    Check in with yourself

    Allow yourself to get in touch with how you're feeling. Reflect both on what's hard and on what's still good. Maybe that's in a journal or through a conversation with a friend. ①_____.

    Don't "should" on yourself

    There's no right way to get through a difficult time. Some people get super productive. Others, not so much. ②_____ . There are just so many messages out, like, what you should be doing, what you could be doing. It is better not to "should" on yourself.

    Know when to recharge

    After you stop worrying about what you should do, find some things you want to do-things that just take your mind off the worries during uncertain times. ③_____. Once you've set aside external expectations and taken time to recharge, that might free up energy to do good, meaningful, and even productive things.

    Find your "supportive circle"

    If you don't talk to others, you'll think you're in a ditch(沟) by yourself. So, call or video-chat with a friend or join an online community. ④_____. Perhaps, one of them could lift you up and point you in the right direction.

    ⑤_____

    It is natural for you to try to make an uncertain situation seem certain. But don't. So the last tip is more about what you should not do than what you should do. That leaves room for new possibilities.

A. Realize uncertainty is a part of every life

B.Don't try to make sense of things too soon

C. So let go of the pressure of other people's expectations

D. It doesn't matter how you reflect as long as it works for you

E. Then you'll realize that there are millions of people who have landed there

F.That might mean watching TV, listening to gentle music or going to bed early

G.It could be useful to write down just one or two lines about how you feel each day

三、完形填空（20空）

    Qixingguan is one of the typical newly-built villages in Bijie, a city in Guizhou province. Here, rows of apartments have been built for people who were    1    from their once mountainous villages and small factories have been    2    in the neighborhood to create jobs.

    Since 2015,fighting against poverty(贫困) has become a priority in Guizhou. In 2019 and 2020alone, the province    3    nearly $280 billion on the related projects. Nearly a quarter of the    4    went to Bijie. More than 700,000 miles of roads have been built to    5    the remote communities with the neighboring towns.

    To keep them from slipping back into poverty,     6    other than government supports have to be found. "Moving all poor villagers into cities can come at the cost of    7    urban poverty unless there are enough    8    to support them in these newly-built villages," Xia Gengsheng admitted at a conference in early April.

    So, the government is trying to attract    9    from big coastal cities to these villages. Thousands of such "satellite factories" have already appeared in the    10    communities. Hequan Mushroom is one of the most    11    examples. The company has    12    about 600 people from the nearby villages in Qixingguan to    13    its 40 mushroom greenhouses.

    "They used to plant corn, which was easy to    14    but brought in very little money. Now one mushroom greenhouse can    15    up to $4,500 for them," says Sun Dahui, the manager.

    Sun's biggest    16    is that mushroom prices keep going down, Two years ago, a kilogram sold for about $2.50. Now prices have    17    to around $1.50, because all the nearby villages,     18    by Sun's success, are also growing mushrooms.

    But Sun is    19    that he will find ways to get more profit. "We are building our own factories to    20    our mushrooms. We are going to be the next Laoganma," he says.

17、A. caught  B. moved  C. kept  D. selected

18、A. taken apart  B. closed down  C. set up  D. pulled down

19、A. spent  B. saved  C. wasted  D. lost

20、A. people  B. produce  C. demand  D. money

21、A. connect  B. compare C. replace D. control

22、A. causes  B. incomes  C. products  D. rewards

23、A. reduced  B. acceptable  C. increased D, temporary

24、A. hospitals  B. budgets C. schools  D. jobs

25、A. teachers  B. doctors  C. factories  D. stores

26、A. new  B. rich  C. helpless D. friendly

27、A. unselfish  B. expensive C. difficult  D. successful

28、A. fired  B. employed  C. charged D. cheated

29、A. visit  B. buy C. run  D. clean

30、A. grow  B. recognize  C. qualify  D. refuse

31、A. pay  B. earn C. cost D. draw

32、A. gain  B. greenhouse  C. shop  D. headache

33、A. risen  B. turned  C. dropped  D. led

34、A. inspired  B. discouraged  C. angered  D. threatened

35、A. upset  B. regrettable  C. uncertain  D. optimistic

36、A. eat B. process C. destroy  D. test

四、短文填空

37、    On Tuesday, a group of men gathered in the hall of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths in central London to begin the process of weighing ①_____ measuring hundreds of coins to ensure they meet the strict standards set by regulators.

    The coins ②_____(select) on Tuesday will be weighed, measured, examined for their design and checked for metal composition over the next three months before they decide whether the coins meet the standards. Last year, they ③_____(examine) 7,968 coins before delivering a positive verdict(裁定) to the nation's Treasury chief.

    The tradition—known as the Trial of the Pyx—dates back to 1154. Its name comes ④_____ the so-called Pyx boxes. Coins are collected throughout the year and held in those boxes, from ⑤_____ they are randomly picked out ⑥_____(try). Like the many old traditions that the UK continues to ⑦_____(observation), the annual assessment of coins is full of ⑧_____(ceremony) that link modern Britain to its historic roots.

    "It's still of great ⑨_____(important) to make sure that the coins are really uniform," said Eleni Bride, the librarian for the Goldsmith's Company. "They are produced according to very strict standards to make sure that people have confidence in ⑩_____(they)."

五、短文改错

38、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    Today, China is one of the most power countries in the world. But less than two hundred years before, the nation was still struggling in wars and poverty. During that has been known as "the century of humiliation(耻辱)", their very survival was in question.

    Since then, millions of educated Chinese have tried, in various way, to save their motherland. Among them was three key reformers who worked to modernize written Chinese, sometimes risk their lives to do so. Their work took it from an inaccessible language built mainly for the upper class to modern language for the ordinary people. Their work not only changed with the fate(命运) of millions of Chinese people, but also helped preserve Chinese culture in a rapid changing world.

六、书面表达

39、你校英文报以The Benefits of Extensive Reading为题举办征文活动。请你以此为题写一篇征文投稿,内容包括:

1.广泛阅读的意义;

2.介绍一本你喜欢的书;

3.喜欢的理由。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.短文题目已为你写好。

The Benefits of Extensive Reading

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

1、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据Vayama.com一节中“Vayama is a flight search engine that specializes in international airlines.”可知答案。

2、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据Dishtip.com一节中“But DishTip organizes the world of eating out in the United States in a totally new way: by turkey sandwich or blueberry pie. In other words, by single dish, not by restaurant.”可知,这个网站是按具体的菜肴名称展示的。

3、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据Expatsblog.com一节中“This site lists over 300 foreigners’ blogs by destination, and you don't have to search very far to find very useful travel tips from their personal experiences.”可推断,这个网站可以提供十分详尽的第一手信息。

4、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“But when it finally stood up, I had to catch my breath. The bear's once strong body was just skin and bones; every step that it took was painfully slow.”可知,作者当时感到震惊。

5、答案：D

解析：代词指代题。根据第三段“The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, 'This is what climate change looks like'—with 'climate change' highlighted in yellow.”可知,这些新闻报道聚焦的是“气候变化”。

6、答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Perhaps I had made a mistake in not telling the full story—that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future...”可知,作者的本意是警示气候变化可能产生的后果。

7、答案：B

解析：推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第四段“Most people and the news agencies didn't pick up or misunderstood the real message I tried to send with them.”及最后一段“...and take pains to be sure that my intention is clear.”可推断,作者写本文的主要目的是澄清他的真实意图。

8、答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Ruby loves music and loves to sing,”可推断,她很可能想学音乐。但是家庭条件不允许。

9、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...but this version has one important quality that the French film didn't have: The deaf characters are played by deaf actors.”可知答案。

10、答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“But the vivid description of the conflict between the children causes tears.”可知答案。

11、答案：C

解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段“Probably not.”可知,作者认为这部电影获奖并非实至名归。

12、答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Stephan Heblich and Hans-Joachim Voth analyzed the impact of wealth available from slave trade.”可知答案。

13、答案：C

解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Such realities could not encourage landowners to invest in more advanced agricultural machines.”及第五段“The authors said that these market-based farms encouraged technological advances.”可推断,incentives 与Encouragements同义。

14、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“They found that adoption of machines was the greatest in the areas that provided the most servicemen.”可推断,战争消耗了大量的劳动力。各行各业只能大量采用机器填补这一空缺。对机器的旺盛需求反过来又推动了工业革命。

15、答案：A

解析：标题判断题。通读全文,尤其是首尾两段可知,本文主要是分析英国工业革命的起因。

16、答案：DCFEB

解析：①空前谈到了反思及反思的方式,故D项“不要拘泥于反思的形式,管用就行”符合。

②根据空后“There are just so many messages out, like, what you should be doing, what you could be doing. It's better not to ‘should’ on yourself.”可知,C项“不要顾及别人的期望”符合。

③空前提到面对不确定而焦虑时,可以找些能转移注意力的事干,因此空项很可能是举例,故F项符合。

④空前谈到如果遇到困难就关起门来,你会感到全世界就你一个人有这样的问题。如果你和朋友聊起来或到相应论坛去看看,你会发现原来还有千千万万的人都有同样的问题,这时你就不会感到那么无助,故E项符合。

⑤根据本节的细节,特别是“It is natural for you to try to make an uncertain situation seem certain. But don't.”B项“不要急于找到出路”符合。

17、答案：B

解析：根据下文“Moving all poor villagers into cities can come at the cost of _____ urban poverty...”可知,这是从山区整体搬迁(moved)出来。

18、答案：C

解析：政府在新社区周围还建立了(set up)工厂为村民提供工作机会。

19、答案：A

解析：自2015年以来,扶贫就成了贵州省政府的头等大事。仅在2019年和2020年,花(spent)在相关项目上的钱大约有2800亿美元。

20、答案：D

解析：这笔钱(money)的四分之一被投入到了毕节市。

21、答案：A

解析：为了联结(connect)这些社区与附近的城镇,贵州省共修建了700000多英里的路。

22、答案：B

解析：为了防止这些村民返贫,还得为他们找到其他的收入(incomes)来源。

23、答案：C

解析：否则,整体搬迁就是以提高(increased)城市贫困率为代价的。

24、答案：D

解析：因此,政府急于为他们创造工作岗位(jobs)。

25、答案：C

解析：办法之一就是鼓励沿海城市把部分工厂(factories)转移到这些新(new)社区。

26、答案：A

解析：见上题解析。

27、答案：D

解析：Hequan Mushroom就是一个比较成功的(successful)案例。

28、答案：B

解析：该工厂就地雇用了(employed)约600位村民经营(run)它的蘑菇大棚。

29、答案：C

解析：见上题解析。

30、答案：A

解析：这些村民原来主要是种植(grow)玉米,但收人很低。

31、答案：B

解析：现在经营一个蘑菇大棚就能赚到(earn)4500多美金。

32、答案：D

解析：不过,让这家公司头疼(headache)的是,蘑菇掉价太快。

33、答案：C

解析：两年前,一公斤蘑菇能卖到2.5美元,如今跌到了(dropped)1.5美元。

34、答案：A

解析：因为附近的村民受到这家公司的成功的鼓舞(inspired),都跟风种起了大棚蘑菇。

35、答案：D

解析：根据下文“We are going to be the next Laoganma,”可知,这家公司的经理对前景还是非常乐观的(optimistic)。

36、答案：B

解析：该公司正在建立自己的工厂对蘑菇进行加工(process)。

37、答案：①and②selected③examined④from⑤which⑥to be tried⑦observe⑧ceremonies⑨importance⑩them

解析：①考查连词。根据句意可知,此处表示并列关系,故用并列连词and。

②考查非谓语动词。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处作后置定语,修饰coins。而且select与coins之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词selected。

③考查动词的时态。根据空前的时间状语Last year 可知,该句叙述的是过去发生的事,故用所给动词的过去式。

④考查介词。come from意为“源自……”,为固定短语。

⑤考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句是由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为boxes,故用关系代词which。

⑥考查非谓语动词。分析该句成分可知,此处用所给动词的不定式作目的状语。另外,try与主句中的逻辑主语coins之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态to be tried。

⑦考查词形转换。根据空前的不定式标记可知,所填词为所给名词的动词原形。

⑧考查名词复数。ceremony为可数名词,根据空前的修饰语full of及空后定语从句中的谓语动词link可知,此处用所给名词的复数形式。

⑨考查词形转换。根据空前的介词of可知,此处用所给形容词的名词形式 importance。

⑩考查代词。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处作介词 in 的宾语,故用所给代词的宾格形式them。

38、答案：

    Today, China is one of the most countries in the world. But less than two hundred years , the nation was still struggling in wars and poverty. During has been known as "the century of humiliation(耻辱)", very survival was in question.

    Since then, millions of educated Chinese have tried, in various , to save their motherland. Among them three key reformers who worked to modernize written Chinese, sometimes their lives to do so. Their work took it from an inaccessible language built mainly for the upper class to modern language for the ordinary people. Their work not only changed the fate(命运) of millions of Chinese people, but also helped preserve Chinese culture in a changing world.

39、答案：

The Benefits of Extensive Reading

    Extensive reading is an important part of our lives. It allows us to explore new worlds, gain knowledge and develop our imagination. Reading is not only a source of entertainment but also a means to expand our minds and broaden our horizons.

    One book that I particularly enjoy is To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. I love this book because it deals with such important issues as racial inequality, social injustice and moral courage, which are still important today.