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九年级 Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth单元复习课件PPT
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这是一份九年级 Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth单元复习课件PPT,共60页。
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!Section A related to 与……相关2. litter n. 垃圾;杂乱;一窝(幼仔);褥草;轿子 v. 乱丢垃圾;弄乱;产(幼仔);用草等给动物铺窝 litter sth. ⇔ up Why do you always litter up the table with all these newspapers? 你为什么总是将报纸乱丢,把桌子弄得乱糟糟呢? litter sth. with sth. He littered the yard with bottles and cans. 他扔得满地都是瓶子和罐头。Section A littering 乱丢垃圾Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.我们的政府应采取更强有力的措施来对付乱丢垃圾的行为。3. bottom n. 底部;底端 adj. 底部的 v. 触底;打(基础) 反义词 top 顶部 the bottom of the river 河底Section A 4. be full of … 充满了……;满是…… = be filled with… full 是形容词“满的”;fill 是动词“装满” My eyes are full of tears.= My eyes are filled with tears.5. There be no more …没有更多…;再没有… There were no more fishes for fishermen to catch.再没有鱼让渔民们去捕了。Section A 6. play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事;在做某事方面发挥作用7. clean it up 打扫8. badly adv.严重地 The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。Section A 9. burn v.燃烧;烧着;烧伤 (burnt/ burned) burn away 继续燃烧;烧毁The fire burned away for five days.火一直烧了五天。 burn down 烧光;慢慢熄灭When the firemen came the fire has burned down.当消防员到的时候,火已经快灭了。 burn into 形成某种习惯或看法His words burnt into my mind.他的话使我毕生难忘。Section A 10. turn …into…(使)…变成;进入,驶入,拐入 turn down 调小音量;拒绝 turn up 调大音量;出现 turn on 打开开关 turn off 关掉开关 turn to 翻到;开始工作Section A 11. cut down 削减; 删减; 击倒; 杀死;砍倒 cut in 允许加入 Don’t cut in.别插嘴。 cut off 切掉;切除 cut out 剪出;裁剪 cut up 切碎;Section A 12. advantage n.优势;有利条件 disadvantage n.不利条件;损失13. cost v. 花费; n. 费用 cost take 花费(时间) took spend time/money 花时间/钱 spent pay 支付 paidSection A spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构: (1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。 例:I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买…… 例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。Section A cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下: (1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2)doing sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物/做某事花了(某人)多少时间。 例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句Section A take后面常跟双宾语, 事作主语或It做形式主义,常见用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2) doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。Section A pay的基本用法是: (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买…… 例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。 例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。 例:Don’ t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5) pay money back 还钱。 例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。 (6)pay off one's money还清钱。Section A 14. takeaway n.外带食物;夺走;adj.外卖的 take away 拿走;减去;解除15. make a difference 有影响;起作用16. lead to 导致;通向;把…带到 Section A 17. hear of 听说;获悉;收到…的消息;知道,表示听说,而且是非常了解I am sorry to hear of your serious illness. 得悉病重,甚感难过。 hear about 得知;听到关于,是指间接听到What you hear about may be false, what you see is true.耳闻为虚,眼见为实。 Section A 18. shark fin soup 鱼翅汤19. throw …back into 把…扔回到…20. cruel adj. 残酷的;残忍的;引起痛苦的 cruelty n.残酷;虐待;残酷的行为 crude adj. 天然的;未加工的;粗鲁的;粗糙的;简陋的Section A 21. harmful adj.有害的 harmless 无害的 harm n. 伤害;危害 v.伤害;危害 be harmful to 对…有害22. at the top of the food chain在食物链的顶端 at the top of …在……的顶部/顶端 the food chain 食物链Section A 23. ecosystem n. 生态系统 eco 表示生态;生态学的;环境 ecology 生态学;生态 system 系统;体系;制度Section A 24. drop vt. 落下;跌倒;下降 n. 滴;微量;减少;滴状物 drop by /over 顺便来访 drop across 串门 drop behind 落后 a drop in the bucket 沧海一粟;杯水车薪Section A 25. bring danger to sb. 给…带来危险26. endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 endanger v.危及;危害 danger n.危险;危害 in danger处于危险之中27. around adv.大约28. industry n.工业;产业;行业Section A 29. the numbers of … ……的数量(复数,谓语动词用复数) the number of ……的数量(单数,谓语动词用单数) a number of …大量的…30. fall by 下降了31. so far 到目前为止Section A 32. so引导结果状语从句 although引导让步状语从句 if引导条件状语从句 but 并列连接词,表转折 when引导时间状语从句Section A Grammar FocusPresent progressive 现在进行时used to do sth. 过去常常… Passive voice 被动语态Present perfect 现在完成时Modal verbs 情态动词Section A 4a:take part in 参加(并且发挥作用)can’t afford to wait 等不起;不能等 afford v. 承担得起;买得起 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事3. any longer (不)再4. take action 采取行动Section A 4b:1.begin with 以…开始;从…开始2. reusable adj. 可再度使用的;可多次使用的 re – use – able3. add up 加起来;总计 add up to… 合计达…;总计达…4. public transportation 公共交通工具Section B 1. ride in cars 开车出行;乘车出行2. recycle vt. 再利用;使再循环;再制 vi. 循环 n. 再循环 We should try to recycle all our waste paper. 我们应该把所有废纸回收再利用。 Water recycle is a good way to save our resources.水循环利用是一种很好的节约资源的方法。3. rethink v./n. 再想想 reuse v./n.再使用 re-前缀:再…;重新… Section B 4. throw away 扔掉 (过去式threw;thrown)5. put …to good use of 好好利用某物6. creative adj.有创造性的 create v. 创造 creativity n.创造性7. build…out of… 用……建造…… She built a house out of rubbish.她用垃圾建立个房子。8. pull down 拆下;摧毁 push down 推到Section B 9. upside down 上下颠倒10. in front of 在……前面(外部) in the front of 在…前面(内部)11. win v.(won) 赢;获胜(奖励;比赛等) beat v.打败(人或队伍)12. president n. (国家)总统;(公司)总裁;校长;总经理;社长13. inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心(的东西) inspire vt. 鼓舞;激发;产生;赋予...灵感Section B 14. set up vt. 建立;树立;创立;自称;扶持;使振奋;安排 set up a website 创建网站 set up a business 创业;开业15. be known for 因…而为人所知/出名 be famous for16. bring back 恢复;使想起;归还 Please bring back my notebook from the classroom.请帮我把笔记本从教室里带回来。 bring back to life 使恢复生命;使…苏醒,使…复活,使…生动活泼 bring sb. back to earth 使某人从幻想中回到现实中来Section B 2d think:rethink thoughtspecial:especiallyuse:reuserecent:recentlyusual:unusualrecycle:recyclingimportant:importancebuild:built buildingprotect:protectioncreate:creative creativityinspire:inspirationSelf Checkv. ——n. 后缀1. V+ ment 结尾achieve→achievement 成就 agree→ agreement 同意amuse →amusement 娱乐 argue→argument 争吵develop→development 发展 disagree→disagreement 不同意govern →government 政府 manage→management 经营Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀2.V + ion/ tion /ation/sion结尾compete→competition 竞争比赛 discuss→discussion 讨论educate→education 教育 decide→decision 决定describe→description 描写 express →expression 表达方式imagine→imagination 想象力 invent→inventor / invention 发明invite→invitation 邀请 inspire→inspiration 灵感pollute→pollution 污染 predict→prediction 预言pronounce →pronunciation 发音 resolve →resolution决心permit →permission允许;准许 suggest→suggestion 建议Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀3.V+ ance 结尾allow→allowance 允许 appear→appearance 外貌; 出现perform→performance 演出 exist→existence 存在4.V+ ing 结尾bathe →bathing 沐浴 end →ending结尾结局train →training 训练 mean → meaning意义say→saying 谚语 hear→hearing听力begin→beginning 开始 listen →listening听;听力build →building建筑物Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀5.V+ure结尾名词 depart→departure 离开;出发 press→pressure 压力fail→failure失败 mix→mixture 混合物expose →exposure暴露6.V+y结尾名词 recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery发现7.V+al结尾名词 approve →approval 赞成 survive →survival 幸存arrive →arrival到达 refuse →refusal 拒绝propose →proposal 提议;建议Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀8.V+age结尾名词marry →marriage 婚姻 carry →carriage客车厢;运输 store →storage贮存pack →package包;盒 post →postage邮资;邮费9.V+ 其他beg →beggar乞丐 sit→seat座位 believe→belief信仰employ→employer雇主老板→employee雇员 heat→heat热量 behave→behavior行为 know→knowledge知识hit→hit轰动一时的人或物碰撞 press →pressure 压力 succeed→ success成功serve→service服务 tour→tourist 游客 grow →growth 生长Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀1. n.+y 结尾的形容词anger →angry 生气的 hunger→hungry 饿的fog→foggy 有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的health→healthy 健康的 luck→lucky 幸运的cloud→cloudy 多云的 wind→windy 多风的rain→rainy 多雨的 snow→snowy 多雪的sun→sunny 阳光充足的 salt → salty 咸的sleep→sleepy 昏昏欲睡的 noise →noisy 嘈杂的喧闹的thirst→thirsty 口渴的 dirt → dirty 肮脏的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀2.名词+ edspot → spotted 有斑点的 interest →interestedgift →gifted 有天赋的 talent→talented 有天赋的crowd→ crowded 拥挤的 3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning→meaningful 有意义的 care→careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的help→helpful / helpless 有帮助的 home→homeless 无家可归的colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的; pain →painful 痛苦的use→useless/ useful 有用的 thank→thankful 充满感激的peace → peaceful 平静的 harm →harmful /harmless 无害的beauty →beautiful 美丽的 wonder →wonderful 极好的fear→ fearless 不怕的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀4.名词+ ablechange →changeable 易变的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的 suit →suitable 合适的5.名词+ ouscourage→courageous勇敢的 danger→dangerous危险的 mystery →mysterious神秘的 fame →famous著名的 poison→poisonous有毒的 humor→humorous幽默地6. ce变成t结尾的形容词 confidence→confident 自信的 difference→different 不同的dependence→dependent 依靠的 independence→independent 独立的competence→ competent 有能力的 excellence →excellent 极好的innocence →innocent 无辜的 evidence →evident 显然的silence →silent 沉默的 patience→patient 有耐心的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀7. +al 结尾的形容词addition→additional 附加的额外的 class→classical经典的 medicine →medical医学的music→musical音乐的 nature→natural自然的 person→personal私人的education→educational 有教育意义的 nation→national国家的 tradition→traditional传统的origin→original新颖的;独创的 grammar→grammatical语法的 globe→global全球的agriculture→agricultural农业的 culture→cultural文化的 season →seasonal季节性的condition →conditional条件的8.+ly结尾的形容词friend→friendly有好的 live生活→lively生气勃勃的 love→lovely可爱的day →daily每日的 month →monthly每月的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀9.+ en结尾的形容词wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen羊毛的 gold →golden金子般的10. 学科名词以及其它一些名词加cal变成形容词。chemistry →chemical化学的 physics →physical身体的 politics →political政治的ecology→ ecological生态的11.ance变成ant结尾的形容词importance→ important重要的 significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant无知的tolerance →tolerant容忍的 12.+cial结尾的形容词。race→ racial 种族的 face→ facial面部的 commerce →commercial商业的finance →financial金融的 benefit →beneficial除外Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀13.其他energy→energetic 精力充沛的 strategy→strategic 战略的self→selfish 自私的 drought→drywisdom→wise 明智的 freedom →free 空的免费的height →high 高的 love→loving 慈爱的death→dead 死的 pleasure→pleasant / pleased 高兴的popularity →popular 流行的 pride→proud 骄傲的scientist→scientific 科学的 freedom→free 自由的world → worldwide 全世界的Self Checkadj. ——n.后缀1.-age结尾的名词short→shortage不足;短缺2.-cy结尾的名词fluent →fluency流利;流畅 accurate →accuracy准确(性) private →privacy隐私efficient →efficiency效率 urgent→urgency紧急 3.-dom结尾的名词free →freedom自由 wise →wisdom智慧4.-ness结尾的名词dark→darkness黑暗 weak→weakness虚弱 kind →kindness善良 cold→coldness冷淡;冷漠 aware→awareness知道;意识 ill → illness病sad→sadness悲伤Self Checkadj. ——n.后缀5.-th结尾的名词warm→warmth温暖 true→truth真相 deep→depth深(度) strong →strength力量long →length长度 wide→width宽度 grow→growth成长6.-y/-ity结尾的名词difficult →difficulty困难 honest→honesty诚实 safe→safety安全 cruel →cruelty残忍responsible→responsibility责任 real→reality真实 possible →possibility可能性 able →ability能力7. -ent变为-ence,- ant变为-ance, -nd变为-nse:different →difference不同(之处) silent→silence寂静 respond →response响应patient →patience耐心 absent →absence缺席 present →presence出席confident →confidence信心 convenient →convenience便利 important →importance重要(性)defend →defense/defence防御;保护Self Checkadj. ——adv.1. 形容词+ ly2. 辅音字母+ y 变 ily 注意:dry→dryly枯燥地 shy→shyly害羞地3.以e结尾的多数情况下直接+ly4. 以le 结尾的 去e + y5.词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉-e再加-ly true→truly真诚地,真正 due→duly适当地6.以ic 结尾的词加ally7.词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y8.特殊 good→well好地 hard →hardly 几乎不打开文档参加代替;而不是采取行动公共交通扔掉;抛弃好好利用某物拆下;摧毁take part ininstead oftake actionpublic transportationthrow awayput sth. to good usepull... down上下颠倒;倒转获奖建立因……而闻名看起来像恢复;使想起;归还由……制成upside downwin a prizeset upbe known/ famous forlook likebring backbe made from/ of现在进行时: Present progressive结构: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing标志词:look, listen, now, right now…e.g. Look! The boy is crying.定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。 结构: has/have + 过去分词标志词:already, yet, ever, never, since, for…e.g. I haven’t finished my homework yet.定义:表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从 过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。 现在完成时: Present perfect被动语态:Passive voice定义: 表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象的一种 语态。结构:be + 过去分词e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事e.g. I used to get up at six o'clock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.used to do与be used to doing情态动词具有一定的意义,但不能单独作谓语,其后需接动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。(除have to以外)没有人称和数的变化情态动词常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, need, have to, could, should, ought to 情态动词的常见用法We can do it by ourselves.It must be Tom’s. Look at his name on the cover. 3. May I see your ID card, sir?4. Should we finish our homework before noon?表能力表推测表请求、许可表应该instead of 意为“代替,而不是”,后面常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。instead of doing sth. 代替做某事【辨析】 instead of 与 instead介词短语,其后可跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。Now I can drive to work instead of walking.副词,常位于句末,位于句首时,其后有逗号。He didn’t reply. Instead, he left the room.【辨析】take part in , join与 join in指参加某项活动(比赛)并在活动中起一定的作用。指参加某党派、团体或参军等,并且成为其中的一员。指参加某项活动,但多指正在进行的活动。away作副词时,常见短语有:get away 逃脱;(使)离开go away 离去;出去run away 逃走;离开stay away 不在家;外出take away 拿走;带走,夺去move away 搬到别处去住;离开throw away 扔掉;抛弃Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use?put sth. to good use 好好利用某物【拓展】与put有关的短语:put off 推迟put away 收拾起来put down 写下;记下put on 穿上;上演put out 扑灭;熄灭put aside 储存;保留Guide Four Exercises1. He _____ go out with his parents, but now he _____ staying at home alone. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to2. The interesting book _____ me 10 yuan. A. took B. paid C. spend D. cost一、单项选择。3. We must do something useful to ____ pollution. A. cut off B. cut up C. cut down D. cut in4. Smoking can ____ lung cancer. You’d bettter give it up. A. work on B. lead to C. take away D. put out二、根据首字母、句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。I think Jane's kite is beautiful. However, Tina’ s is ________ (难看的).2. As you can see, our desks are ________(木做的),not plastic.3. There are tea leaves in the ________(底部)of my cup.4. People who drop ________(垃圾)can be fined( 罚款) in some cities.5. She had the ___________(优点)of a good education, so she got the job.uglywoodenbottomlitteradvantageGuide Five WritingTopic: To protect the environment 文章结构提出问题 + 描述现象What's the problem?分析原因 What caused the problem?提出解决方法 What should we do?呼吁大家共同努力解决问题Let's take action! 略写略写详写 How to keep our city clean ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Our city used to be a green city. But now some pollution gets into the environment. So it is very necessary to protect the environment now. But how to keep our city green? Firstly, we shouldn’t pollute the environment. We should stop littering around. And we should separate the waste before we throw it into the bins. Secondly, it’s better to plant more trees to make the air cleaner. Besides, we should save water and electricity. In a word, if everyone makes a contribution to building a green city, our city will be greener. Let's take action! OK
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!Section A related to 与……相关2. litter n. 垃圾;杂乱;一窝(幼仔);褥草;轿子 v. 乱丢垃圾;弄乱;产(幼仔);用草等给动物铺窝 litter sth. ⇔ up Why do you always litter up the table with all these newspapers? 你为什么总是将报纸乱丢,把桌子弄得乱糟糟呢? litter sth. with sth. He littered the yard with bottles and cans. 他扔得满地都是瓶子和罐头。Section A littering 乱丢垃圾Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.我们的政府应采取更强有力的措施来对付乱丢垃圾的行为。3. bottom n. 底部;底端 adj. 底部的 v. 触底;打(基础) 反义词 top 顶部 the bottom of the river 河底Section A 4. be full of … 充满了……;满是…… = be filled with… full 是形容词“满的”;fill 是动词“装满” My eyes are full of tears.= My eyes are filled with tears.5. There be no more …没有更多…;再没有… There were no more fishes for fishermen to catch.再没有鱼让渔民们去捕了。Section A 6. play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事;在做某事方面发挥作用7. clean it up 打扫8. badly adv.严重地 The air is badly polluted. 空气被严重污染。Section A 9. burn v.燃烧;烧着;烧伤 (burnt/ burned) burn away 继续燃烧;烧毁The fire burned away for five days.火一直烧了五天。 burn down 烧光;慢慢熄灭When the firemen came the fire has burned down.当消防员到的时候,火已经快灭了。 burn into 形成某种习惯或看法His words burnt into my mind.他的话使我毕生难忘。Section A 10. turn …into…(使)…变成;进入,驶入,拐入 turn down 调小音量;拒绝 turn up 调大音量;出现 turn on 打开开关 turn off 关掉开关 turn to 翻到;开始工作Section A 11. cut down 削减; 删减; 击倒; 杀死;砍倒 cut in 允许加入 Don’t cut in.别插嘴。 cut off 切掉;切除 cut out 剪出;裁剪 cut up 切碎;Section A 12. advantage n.优势;有利条件 disadvantage n.不利条件;损失13. cost v. 花费; n. 费用 cost take 花费(时间) took spend time/money 花时间/钱 spent pay 支付 paidSection A spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构: (1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。 例:I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买…… 例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。Section A cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下: (1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2)doing sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物/做某事花了(某人)多少时间。 例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句Section A take后面常跟双宾语, 事作主语或It做形式主义,常见用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2) doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。Section A pay的基本用法是: (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买…… 例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。 例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。 例:Don’ t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5) pay money back 还钱。 例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。 (6)pay off one's money还清钱。Section A 14. takeaway n.外带食物;夺走;adj.外卖的 take away 拿走;减去;解除15. make a difference 有影响;起作用16. lead to 导致;通向;把…带到 Section A 17. hear of 听说;获悉;收到…的消息;知道,表示听说,而且是非常了解I am sorry to hear of your serious illness. 得悉病重,甚感难过。 hear about 得知;听到关于,是指间接听到What you hear about may be false, what you see is true.耳闻为虚,眼见为实。 Section A 18. shark fin soup 鱼翅汤19. throw …back into 把…扔回到…20. cruel adj. 残酷的;残忍的;引起痛苦的 cruelty n.残酷;虐待;残酷的行为 crude adj. 天然的;未加工的;粗鲁的;粗糙的;简陋的Section A 21. harmful adj.有害的 harmless 无害的 harm n. 伤害;危害 v.伤害;危害 be harmful to 对…有害22. at the top of the food chain在食物链的顶端 at the top of …在……的顶部/顶端 the food chain 食物链Section A 23. ecosystem n. 生态系统 eco 表示生态;生态学的;环境 ecology 生态学;生态 system 系统;体系;制度Section A 24. drop vt. 落下;跌倒;下降 n. 滴;微量;减少;滴状物 drop by /over 顺便来访 drop across 串门 drop behind 落后 a drop in the bucket 沧海一粟;杯水车薪Section A 25. bring danger to sb. 给…带来危险26. endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 endanger v.危及;危害 danger n.危险;危害 in danger处于危险之中27. around adv.大约28. industry n.工业;产业;行业Section A 29. the numbers of … ……的数量(复数,谓语动词用复数) the number of ……的数量(单数,谓语动词用单数) a number of …大量的…30. fall by 下降了31. so far 到目前为止Section A 32. so引导结果状语从句 although引导让步状语从句 if引导条件状语从句 but 并列连接词,表转折 when引导时间状语从句Section A Grammar FocusPresent progressive 现在进行时used to do sth. 过去常常… Passive voice 被动语态Present perfect 现在完成时Modal verbs 情态动词Section A 4a:take part in 参加(并且发挥作用)can’t afford to wait 等不起;不能等 afford v. 承担得起;买得起 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事3. any longer (不)再4. take action 采取行动Section A 4b:1.begin with 以…开始;从…开始2. reusable adj. 可再度使用的;可多次使用的 re – use – able3. add up 加起来;总计 add up to… 合计达…;总计达…4. public transportation 公共交通工具Section B 1. ride in cars 开车出行;乘车出行2. recycle vt. 再利用;使再循环;再制 vi. 循环 n. 再循环 We should try to recycle all our waste paper. 我们应该把所有废纸回收再利用。 Water recycle is a good way to save our resources.水循环利用是一种很好的节约资源的方法。3. rethink v./n. 再想想 reuse v./n.再使用 re-前缀:再…;重新… Section B 4. throw away 扔掉 (过去式threw;thrown)5. put …to good use of 好好利用某物6. creative adj.有创造性的 create v. 创造 creativity n.创造性7. build…out of… 用……建造…… She built a house out of rubbish.她用垃圾建立个房子。8. pull down 拆下;摧毁 push down 推到Section B 9. upside down 上下颠倒10. in front of 在……前面(外部) in the front of 在…前面(内部)11. win v.(won) 赢;获胜(奖励;比赛等) beat v.打败(人或队伍)12. president n. (国家)总统;(公司)总裁;校长;总经理;社长13. inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心(的东西) inspire vt. 鼓舞;激发;产生;赋予...灵感Section B 14. set up vt. 建立;树立;创立;自称;扶持;使振奋;安排 set up a website 创建网站 set up a business 创业;开业15. be known for 因…而为人所知/出名 be famous for16. bring back 恢复;使想起;归还 Please bring back my notebook from the classroom.请帮我把笔记本从教室里带回来。 bring back to life 使恢复生命;使…苏醒,使…复活,使…生动活泼 bring sb. back to earth 使某人从幻想中回到现实中来Section B 2d think:rethink thoughtspecial:especiallyuse:reuserecent:recentlyusual:unusualrecycle:recyclingimportant:importancebuild:built buildingprotect:protectioncreate:creative creativityinspire:inspirationSelf Checkv. ——n. 后缀1. V+ ment 结尾achieve→achievement 成就 agree→ agreement 同意amuse →amusement 娱乐 argue→argument 争吵develop→development 发展 disagree→disagreement 不同意govern →government 政府 manage→management 经营Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀2.V + ion/ tion /ation/sion结尾compete→competition 竞争比赛 discuss→discussion 讨论educate→education 教育 decide→decision 决定describe→description 描写 express →expression 表达方式imagine→imagination 想象力 invent→inventor / invention 发明invite→invitation 邀请 inspire→inspiration 灵感pollute→pollution 污染 predict→prediction 预言pronounce →pronunciation 发音 resolve →resolution决心permit →permission允许;准许 suggest→suggestion 建议Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀3.V+ ance 结尾allow→allowance 允许 appear→appearance 外貌; 出现perform→performance 演出 exist→existence 存在4.V+ ing 结尾bathe →bathing 沐浴 end →ending结尾结局train →training 训练 mean → meaning意义say→saying 谚语 hear→hearing听力begin→beginning 开始 listen →listening听;听力build →building建筑物Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀5.V+ure结尾名词 depart→departure 离开;出发 press→pressure 压力fail→failure失败 mix→mixture 混合物expose →exposure暴露6.V+y结尾名词 recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery发现7.V+al结尾名词 approve →approval 赞成 survive →survival 幸存arrive →arrival到达 refuse →refusal 拒绝propose →proposal 提议;建议Self Checkv. ——n. 后缀8.V+age结尾名词marry →marriage 婚姻 carry →carriage客车厢;运输 store →storage贮存pack →package包;盒 post →postage邮资;邮费9.V+ 其他beg →beggar乞丐 sit→seat座位 believe→belief信仰employ→employer雇主老板→employee雇员 heat→heat热量 behave→behavior行为 know→knowledge知识hit→hit轰动一时的人或物碰撞 press →pressure 压力 succeed→ success成功serve→service服务 tour→tourist 游客 grow →growth 生长Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀1. n.+y 结尾的形容词anger →angry 生气的 hunger→hungry 饿的fog→foggy 有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的health→healthy 健康的 luck→lucky 幸运的cloud→cloudy 多云的 wind→windy 多风的rain→rainy 多雨的 snow→snowy 多雪的sun→sunny 阳光充足的 salt → salty 咸的sleep→sleepy 昏昏欲睡的 noise →noisy 嘈杂的喧闹的thirst→thirsty 口渴的 dirt → dirty 肮脏的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀2.名词+ edspot → spotted 有斑点的 interest →interestedgift →gifted 有天赋的 talent→talented 有天赋的crowd→ crowded 拥挤的 3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning→meaningful 有意义的 care→careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的help→helpful / helpless 有帮助的 home→homeless 无家可归的colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的; pain →painful 痛苦的use→useless/ useful 有用的 thank→thankful 充满感激的peace → peaceful 平静的 harm →harmful /harmless 无害的beauty →beautiful 美丽的 wonder →wonderful 极好的fear→ fearless 不怕的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀4.名词+ ablechange →changeable 易变的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的 suit →suitable 合适的5.名词+ ouscourage→courageous勇敢的 danger→dangerous危险的 mystery →mysterious神秘的 fame →famous著名的 poison→poisonous有毒的 humor→humorous幽默地6. ce变成t结尾的形容词 confidence→confident 自信的 difference→different 不同的dependence→dependent 依靠的 independence→independent 独立的competence→ competent 有能力的 excellence →excellent 极好的innocence →innocent 无辜的 evidence →evident 显然的silence →silent 沉默的 patience→patient 有耐心的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀7. +al 结尾的形容词addition→additional 附加的额外的 class→classical经典的 medicine →medical医学的music→musical音乐的 nature→natural自然的 person→personal私人的education→educational 有教育意义的 nation→national国家的 tradition→traditional传统的origin→original新颖的;独创的 grammar→grammatical语法的 globe→global全球的agriculture→agricultural农业的 culture→cultural文化的 season →seasonal季节性的condition →conditional条件的8.+ly结尾的形容词friend→friendly有好的 live生活→lively生气勃勃的 love→lovely可爱的day →daily每日的 month →monthly每月的Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀9.+ en结尾的形容词wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen羊毛的 gold →golden金子般的10. 学科名词以及其它一些名词加cal变成形容词。chemistry →chemical化学的 physics →physical身体的 politics →political政治的ecology→ ecological生态的11.ance变成ant结尾的形容词importance→ important重要的 significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant无知的tolerance →tolerant容忍的 12.+cial结尾的形容词。race→ racial 种族的 face→ facial面部的 commerce →commercial商业的finance →financial金融的 benefit →beneficial除外Self Checkn. ——adj. 后缀13.其他energy→energetic 精力充沛的 strategy→strategic 战略的self→selfish 自私的 drought→drywisdom→wise 明智的 freedom →free 空的免费的height →high 高的 love→loving 慈爱的death→dead 死的 pleasure→pleasant / pleased 高兴的popularity →popular 流行的 pride→proud 骄傲的scientist→scientific 科学的 freedom→free 自由的world → worldwide 全世界的Self Checkadj. ——n.后缀1.-age结尾的名词short→shortage不足;短缺2.-cy结尾的名词fluent →fluency流利;流畅 accurate →accuracy准确(性) private →privacy隐私efficient →efficiency效率 urgent→urgency紧急 3.-dom结尾的名词free →freedom自由 wise →wisdom智慧4.-ness结尾的名词dark→darkness黑暗 weak→weakness虚弱 kind →kindness善良 cold→coldness冷淡;冷漠 aware→awareness知道;意识 ill → illness病sad→sadness悲伤Self Checkadj. ——n.后缀5.-th结尾的名词warm→warmth温暖 true→truth真相 deep→depth深(度) strong →strength力量long →length长度 wide→width宽度 grow→growth成长6.-y/-ity结尾的名词difficult →difficulty困难 honest→honesty诚实 safe→safety安全 cruel →cruelty残忍responsible→responsibility责任 real→reality真实 possible →possibility可能性 able →ability能力7. -ent变为-ence,- ant变为-ance, -nd变为-nse:different →difference不同(之处) silent→silence寂静 respond →response响应patient →patience耐心 absent →absence缺席 present →presence出席confident →confidence信心 convenient →convenience便利 important →importance重要(性)defend →defense/defence防御;保护Self Checkadj. ——adv.1. 形容词+ ly2. 辅音字母+ y 变 ily 注意:dry→dryly枯燥地 shy→shyly害羞地3.以e结尾的多数情况下直接+ly4. 以le 结尾的 去e + y5.词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉-e再加-ly true→truly真诚地,真正 due→duly适当地6.以ic 结尾的词加ally7.词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y8.特殊 good→well好地 hard →hardly 几乎不打开文档参加代替;而不是采取行动公共交通扔掉;抛弃好好利用某物拆下;摧毁take part ininstead oftake actionpublic transportationthrow awayput sth. to good usepull... down上下颠倒;倒转获奖建立因……而闻名看起来像恢复;使想起;归还由……制成upside downwin a prizeset upbe known/ famous forlook likebring backbe made from/ of现在进行时: Present progressive结构: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing标志词:look, listen, now, right now…e.g. Look! The boy is crying.定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。 结构: has/have + 过去分词标志词:already, yet, ever, never, since, for…e.g. I haven’t finished my homework yet.定义:表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从 过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。 现在完成时: Present perfect被动语态:Passive voice定义: 表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象的一种 语态。结构:be + 过去分词e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事e.g. I used to get up at six o'clock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.used to do与be used to doing情态动词具有一定的意义,但不能单独作谓语,其后需接动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。(除have to以外)没有人称和数的变化情态动词常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, need, have to, could, should, ought to 情态动词的常见用法We can do it by ourselves.It must be Tom’s. Look at his name on the cover. 3. May I see your ID card, sir?4. Should we finish our homework before noon?表能力表推测表请求、许可表应该instead of 意为“代替,而不是”,后面常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。instead of doing sth. 代替做某事【辨析】 instead of 与 instead介词短语,其后可跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。Now I can drive to work instead of walking.副词,常位于句末,位于句首时,其后有逗号。He didn’t reply. Instead, he left the room.【辨析】take part in , join与 join in指参加某项活动(比赛)并在活动中起一定的作用。指参加某党派、团体或参军等,并且成为其中的一员。指参加某项活动,但多指正在进行的活动。away作副词时,常见短语有:get away 逃脱;(使)离开go away 离去;出去run away 逃走;离开stay away 不在家;外出take away 拿走;带走,夺去move away 搬到别处去住;离开throw away 扔掉;抛弃Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use?put sth. to good use 好好利用某物【拓展】与put有关的短语:put off 推迟put away 收拾起来put down 写下;记下put on 穿上;上演put out 扑灭;熄灭put aside 储存;保留Guide Four Exercises1. He _____ go out with his parents, but now he _____ staying at home alone. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to2. The interesting book _____ me 10 yuan. A. took B. paid C. spend D. cost一、单项选择。3. We must do something useful to ____ pollution. A. cut off B. cut up C. cut down D. cut in4. Smoking can ____ lung cancer. You’d bettter give it up. A. work on B. lead to C. take away D. put out二、根据首字母、句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。I think Jane's kite is beautiful. However, Tina’ s is ________ (难看的).2. As you can see, our desks are ________(木做的),not plastic.3. There are tea leaves in the ________(底部)of my cup.4. People who drop ________(垃圾)can be fined( 罚款) in some cities.5. She had the ___________(优点)of a good education, so she got the job.uglywoodenbottomlitteradvantageGuide Five WritingTopic: To protect the environment 文章结构提出问题 + 描述现象What's the problem?分析原因 What caused the problem?提出解决方法 What should we do?呼吁大家共同努力解决问题Let's take action! 略写略写详写 How to keep our city clean ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Our city used to be a green city. But now some pollution gets into the environment. So it is very necessary to protect the environment now. But how to keep our city green? Firstly, we shouldn’t pollute the environment. We should stop littering around. And we should separate the waste before we throw it into the bins. Secondly, it’s better to plant more trees to make the air cleaner. Besides, we should save water and electricity. In a word, if everyone makes a contribution to building a green city, our city will be greener. Let's take action! OK
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