2023年初中英语句型语法精讲之定语从句分析

2023年初中英语句型语法精讲之定语从句分析什么是限制性定语从句?限制性定语从句用于限定或说明其所修饰的词的范围或性质等。从句与先行词关系密切，如果省略的话则会造成主句意义不完整。先行词在定语从句中充当某个语法成份(如充当主语、宾语，定语或状语等)。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系松散，只起补充说明的作用。 去除非限制性定语从句对主句的意义影响不大。非限制性定语从句由逗号隔开，在翻译成中文时，常可译成一个并列句。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有 which, who, whom, whose, as; 关系副词有 when 和 where。 注意非限制性定语从句不能由关系代词that引导。1) 由which 引导的非限制性定语从句* Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。* This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。* Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 我最近买了一个中国古代的花瓶，价格很合理。[注] which 有时不代表一个名词， 而是代表前面整个句子或句子的一部分。* The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太阳给予大地热能，这样植物才有可能生长。* He didn't pass the exam，which disappointed me. 他没通过这次考试，令我很失望2) 由 who 引导的非限制性定语从句* Charlie Chaplin, who died in 1977, is considered one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.查理卓别林,卒于1977年，他被认为是电影史上最伟大最搞笑的演员之一。* Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。3) 由 whom 引导的非限制性定语从句* He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。* Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning. 她的两个儿子今天早上打电话给她，他们都在国外工作。* The eighty-nine passengers all escaped without serious injury，four of whom were Americans. 89名乘客全部脱险而没受重伤，其中有4个是美国人。4) 由 whose 引导的非限制性定语从句* Look at the building, whose roof is white. 看那栋楼，楼顶的颜色是白的。5) 由 when引导的非限制性定语从句* He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。* At the time when I saw him, he was well. 我见到他那时，他身体还不错。6) 由 where引导的非限制性定语从句* They went to London，where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。* Some pre-school children go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs. 有些学龄前儿童被送到日托中心，在那他们可以学到简单的游戏和歌曲。* They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. 他们站在楼顶上，从那儿能看到整个城市。关系代词引导的定语从句1) 由 that 引导的定语从句that 可以指人或物。 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语， 作宾语或表语时可以省略。* The man that visited our school is from Australia．到访我们学校的那个人来自澳大利亚。* Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn? 氧气是唯一的助燃气体吗？* The girl (that) I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。* Is there anything else (that) you require? 你还需要别的东西吗？* My hometown is no longer the place (that) it used to be. 我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。2）由 which 引导的定语从句which 指物， 在定语从句中作主语或宾语。* I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。* That was a fault which could not be forgiven. 那是不能饶恕的错误。* Have you seen the watch (which) I left here just now? 你看到我刚才放在这里的手表了吗？* These are the wires with which different machines are connected. 这些是连接不同机器的电线。* The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。3）由 who 引导的定语从句who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。* Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。* Do you know the boys who are standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那些男孩吗？[注] 在口语中，可以用who代替whom, 在定语从句中作宾语。* The man who I saw told me to wait. 我见到的那个人叫我等。* I know the man who you were speaking to just now. 我认识你刚刚和他讲话的那个人。4）由 whom引导的定语从句whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语或表语。* The doctor whom you are waiting for has left. 你一直在等的那位医生已经离开了。* Is she the very person whom we must take good care of? 她就是那个我们必须好好照顾的人吗？* They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation. 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。5）由 whose引导的定语从句whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。* There are some students whose questions I can't answer. 有些学生的问题我回答不了。* They lived in a room whose window opened to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。* Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred. 从前有一个明智的叫阿尔弗雷德的英国国王。* Can you see the mountain whose top is covered with snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗？关系副词引导的定语从句1) 由when 引导的定语从句* I'll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。* Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？2) 由 where 引导的定语从句* This is the town where I was born. 这是我出生的城市。* She would like to live in a country where it never snows. 　她喜欢住在不下雪的国家。* Who can think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 谁能想出用这个短语的情况？* Her career has reached the stage where she must decide what to do next. 她的事业已经到了必须决定下一步该怎么办的阶段。* I've come to the point where I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法忍受他的地步。3) 由 why 引导的定语从句* I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father. 我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。* That's the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。* Is this the reason why he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？* We can't accept the excuse why you were absent. 我们无法接受你缺席的借口。* This is the explanation why they put off the meeting. 这是他们为何推迟会议的解释。有一些定语从句常可省列引导词1) 一些表示时间的定语从句可以省列when* You may go there any time you like. 你随便什么时候都可以去那儿。* By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. 等你到达伦敦的时候我们已经在那里呆了两周了。* I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见他的时候。* Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities. 每次出差的时候他都要带很多日常用品。* Do you know the year the book was published? 你知道那本书出版的年份吗？2) where 有时也可以省列* This is the place they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。* That is the place I was born. 这是我出生的地方。3) 先行词为way 时，定语从句的引导词也可以省列。* I don't like the way he laughed at me. 我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。* Do it the way I showed you. 按我教你的那样做。* Stop kicking my dog, or I will treat you the way you treat it! 别再踢我的狗了，不然我会用你对待它的方式修理你！