中考英语二轮复习书面表达高分作文攻略21 介绍说明 体裁解读与分类指导 (含答案)

21 介绍说明 体裁解读与分类指导

体裁解读

说明文是一一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章类型，-般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明类文章注重条理清晰、中心突出，所以在写作时要注重以下几个方面:

1.说明顺序。通常有时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序三种。时间和空间顺序是说明文常见的两种说明顺序，逻辑顺序包括总分式、承接式和递进式三种。

2.说明方法。说明文讲究客观性，以客观的角度说明事物或事理，在写说明文时，可以采取以下方法来增加文章的客观性下定义、 打比方、作比较、举例子、列数字等。3.时态。说明文主要用来说明事物或事理的特点等，因而其描述的通常是一般状态，所以说明文的写作中常用一一般现在时。

介绍说明类的作文，是种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁，大多围绕个人的兴趣爱好、生活方式、学习方法或物品物件等话题展开。说明文一般涉及过程和关系的阐述，通常对实体事物进行解说，或对抽象事例进行阐释。说明文一般具有逻辑清晰、 语言客观简洁等特点。在最新的中小学生英语课程标准中，初中阶段(六至九年级)的内容与要求中所提到的基本素材涉及介绍说明的包括: cultures and customs(文化习俗)，interests and hobbies(兴趣爱好)，science and technology(科学技术)，subjects (学科)，literature and art(文学与艺术)，recreation and sports (娱乐与运动)等。

在写此类作文时，首先要准确把握说明的目的与对象。构思时，必须紧扣题目要求的主要对象和内容。其次要提供足够详细的实例和细节材料，将问题说清楚。阐述的观点和事例可按照逻辑顺序、认识顺序成时间顺序排列，做到内容连贯，逻辑清晰。语言表达上，需要遵循准确性、平实性和科学性等原则，尽量做到正确流畅，简洁明了，同时句式上尽量多样多变，适当加人从何和并列句，避免重复使用简单句和复句。在中考英语写作中，还应注意用间的恰当性。有些同学往在生搬硬会了一些难度较高的大词和短语，但若不后合文章内容，便会显得生硬，效果适得其反。

说明文分类点拨指导

Part1事物说明文。

写法点拨

在事物说明文写作过程中，我们可以通过以下三部分进行:

1 给事物下定义。第部分是文章的开头部分，写作时，应向读者展示出说明的主体，并给这个主体下一个简单而又清楚的定义。

2.服序展开说明。说明时，爱遵备一定的说明顺序，并要采用些说明方法， 如例子、打比方、作比较等，增加文章的逻辑性和条理性。

3回应主题，总结事物。文章的最后，要对事物的整体特点做一个简单的回顾，对主题进行一定的回应。

必备词汇

表先后顺序

First of  all/at first/firstly首先

secondly/ then/next其次，然后，之后

in the end / finally/at last终于，最终，最后

last but not least最后但同样重要的是

表示时间

now现在

then然后

afterwards以后;后来

five minutes later五分钟后

before long不久之后

shortly after that之后不久

soon after supper晚饭后

to this day直到这天

just now刚才

just then在那时

表示递进

besides除此以外

what's more而且

in addition除此以外

even甚至

once more再来-次

what's worse更糟糕的是

人物说明

fat肥胖的

thin瘦的

slim苗条的

big大的

small小的

of medium build中等身材

strong强壮的

beautiful美丽的

pretty漂亮的

good-looking好看的

charming有魅力的

sweet甜蜜的

handsome英俊的

funny有趣的

ugly丑陋的

peculiar奇怪的

表示总结

in conclusion总之

in short/in a word总而言之

in general一般来说

generally speaking一般来说

as you know如你所知

finally/in the end最后

必备句型

给事物下定义

(1)Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国的北部。

(2) The city is located/situated on the eastern coast of the United States.这座城市位于美国的东部海岸

(3) There is a backboard in font of the classroom.教室前面有一块黑板。

(4) My mother is a kind and gentle woman.我妈妈是一个和蔼温柔的女人。

(5) He is the person who can always ell jokes.他是那种总是能说笑话的人。

顺序展开说明

(1) The bridge is 20 meters long, 10 meters wide.这座桥20米长，10米宽。

(2) This is made of metal and plastic.这是由金属和塑料制成的。

(3) It covers an area of7.6 million square kilometers.它有着760万平方公里的面积。

(4) She is charming when she smiles.她微笑的时候很迷人。

(5) It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold mine.

这里自然资源丰富，比如说煤矿和金矿。

回应主题， 总结事物

( 1 ) Whenever you are in trouble, she can help you.无论你什么时候陷入困难中，她都能帮助你。

(2 ) People from all over the world would like to visit it.全世界的人们都想要来参观它。

(3)  He is so warm-hearted that everyone admires him.他很热心，所有人都很钦佩他。

(4) He is popular with the teenagers.他在青少年中很受欢迎。

(5) She is considered to be one of the greatest scientists in China.她被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。

事物说明文写作示例指导

题目

请根据下面的提示要点，写一篇介绍长城的小短文，词数不得少于80词。

要点:

1.     长城有着2000多年的历史。

2.是世界上最长的城墙，长6000多公里。

3.建筑材料主要为石头、砖头，修建工作都是人工完成的。

4. 长城现已成为名胜古迹，每年吸引了很多外国游客到长城观光旅游。

思路导航

第➊步:例文审题

主体人称：题目要求介绍长城，故主体人称应为第三人称"it" 。

主体时态：由于文章要求介绍长城的基本情况，故主体时态用一般现在时。

写作贴士：题目给出了4个要点，写作时要组合运用，注意逻辑的连贯;注意文章词数的写作要求，不得少于80词。

第❷步:列提纲

(1 )整体介绍长城的概况:

(2)详细说明长城的特点;

(3)叙述长城的地位。

第❸步:参考词句

(1) be known to; all over the world; history..

(2) more than; longest; be made of; stones; bricks; construction; machine;hundreds of;take part in...

(3) places of interest; attract; foreign...

第❹步:连句成篇

The Great Wall

The Great Wall of China is known to people all over the world. It has a history of more than 2,000 years.

The Great Wall, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the longest wall in the world. It is made of stones and bricks and almost all the construction was done by hand without any machines. And it took hundreds of years to build it. What's more, millions of workers have taken part in the construction.

Today, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous places of interest in China and it attracts many foreign visitors every year.

参考译文

长城

中国的长城被世界人们所熟知。它有着2000多年的历史。

长城，有6000多公里长，是世界上最长的城墙。它由石头和砖头组成，几乎所有的建造工作都是由人工完成的，没有依靠任何的机器。建造长城花了几百年的时间。还有就是，上百万的工人参加了建造工作。

如今，长城已经成为了中国最著名的名胜古迹之一， 它每年都吸引着很多外国游客。

Part2 事理说明文

写法点拨

在写事理说明文的时候，我们可以就以下三部分来写:

1.概述现象的整体情况。文章的第- 一部分应提出现象，并向读者展开描述现象的整体情况，为下文介绍"how"和"why" 做好铺垫。

2.提出解决办法并解释原因。这是事理说明文最重要的一一部分。在这一一部分，先就现象有条理地列出可行的解决办法，然后解释之所以采取这些办法的原因。

3.总结整理全文。在文章的末尾部分，对全文进行一定的总结， 可以对前面的解决办法进行总结以及评价。

必备词汇

➊表示结果

so所以

thus/therefore/as a result因此

seeing that鉴于;由于

luckily幸运的是

unfortunately不幸的是

❷表示解释和说明

that is to say/namely也就是说

for example举例子

actually实际上

such as比如说

believe it or not信不信由你

to tell you the truth说实话

according to this根据这个

for this reason为此

❸表示对比、比较

according to this根据这个

for this reason为此

❸表示对比、比较

just like就像

Just as正如

in the same way以同样的方式

More or less或多或少

sooner or later迟早

on the contrary相反地

on the one hand在一方面

on the other hand在另一方面

❹表示转折

but但是

yet/and yet然而

however然而

although虽然;即使

otherwise否则

in spite of不管

❺表示强调

Above all首先;最重要的是

indeed的确;确实

surely/certainly 肯定地;确实地

of course当然

after all毕竟

without any delay毫不迟疑

at least至少

at most至多

必备句型

➊概述现象的整体情况

(1) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

(2 ) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4000 000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

（3）There are fewer people watching films than before.现在看电影的人要比以前少了。

(4) Plants are very important living things.植物是非常重要的生物。

(5) In recent years, WeChat is becoming fashionable and popular, which has made a great difference in our daily lives.近年来，微信变得越来越流行和受欢迎，对我们的日常生活产生了重要的影响。

❷提出解决办法并解释原因

(1)  The school plays an important role in the society.学校在社会中扮演着重要角色。

(2) The reason is that it can help us learn more knowledge.

原因是它可以帮助我们学到更多知识。

(3) If you meet a foreigner, you' d better talk with him in English.

如果你遇到一个外国人，你与他交谈时最好用英语。

(4) To get there, you can take No.5 Bus at the bus stop in front of our school.去那里，你可以在我们学校门前的公交站乘坐5路公共汽车。

(5) You will find the temple on your right side.你可以在你的右手边找到那座寺庙。

❸总结整理全文

(1 ) To save the animals means to save the earth. 保护动物意味着保护地球。

(2) This medicine has a great effect on him.这种药对他很有效。

(3) I am sure my dream will come true one day.我相信我的梦想有一天可以实现。

事理说明文写作示例指导

题目

假定你叫李华，你的同学张力即将转学去广州。现由你写一封便函给你们的朋友Tom,约他聚会。内容要点如下:

(1)聚会时间:本周六下午3点15分:(2)聚会地点中山路225号，张力家;

(3)按下图所南路线告诉Tom怎样去张力家。 

注意:内容包括说明部分和要点，词数不得少于80词。

第一步：审题

:

第二步:列提纲

(1)列出事情原因;

(2)对去张力家的路线展开描述;

(3)进行总结。

第三步:参考词句

(1 ) leave for; get-together...

(2)  difficult; on the left; crossing; across the street; turn right; opposite.

(3) look forward to; see..

第四步:连句成篇

Dear Tom,

Our friend Zhang Li will leave for Guangzhou to study. So we are going to have a get-together at 3:15 this Saturday afternoon.

He lives at No. 225 Zhongshan Street. It is not very difficult to find your way to his home. Take Bus No.2, the stop of which is on the left of your school, and get off at the second crossing. There is a cinema across the street. Turn right at the corer, and you will find Zhongshan Street. Zhang L's home is 200 meters down the street on the right. There is a post office opposite to Zhang Li's home.

Look forward to seeing you.

Yours,

LiHua

参考译文

亲爱的Tom:

我们的朋友张力将要去广州学习了。所以我们准备在本周六下午3点15分举办一个聚会。

他住在中山路225号。到他家的路并不是十分难找。乘坐2路公交车，车站在你学校的左边，然后在第二个十字路口下车。街对面有一一个电影院。 在拐角处右转，你就可以找到中山路。张力的家就在这条街往前200米的右边。张力家的对面有一个邮局。

期待见到你。

你的，

李华

相关话题满分作文必背

（一）

A new way to reduce overeating

Big bowls may lead to big bellies. After examining dozens of studies, researchers from the University of Cambridge have found external（外部的） factors can play a role in how much food a person eats. There is a simple and easy way to help people stop overeating.

It is supposed that overweight people have no control over what they do, and that they just overeat. However, after doing 61 studies on 6,711 participants, researchers found that reducing the size of portions（饭菜的一份） , packages and tableware（餐具） in a person's diet could cut 22 to 29 percent of their daily calories（卡路里）。

 A Chinese buffet（自助餐）owner who replaced his 11-inch plates with 9-inch plates found customers took less food, ate less, wasted less and cost the restaurant less. After the size of plates was reduced,customers rated（评价） the food as better value even though there was less food on their plates.

This study clearly shows that reducing portion size is a successful way to cut calories. Since more and more people are becoming overweight, it's important to keep an eye on portion size when you cook, shop and eat to avoid overeating and help maintain（维持） a healthy weight.

点评:

在本文中，作者非常明确地告诉了我们减少过度饮食、解决肥胖问题的一个有效方法，即通过缩小餐具、包装盒的尺寸来减少食物的摄人量。为了使该论点更具说服力，作者引用了研究数据和实际案例来支撑自己的结论。本文结构清晰，逻辑性强，语言客观准确，十分符合说明文的特点。

（二）

The truth of tooth care

The healthier your teeth are. the happier you look. That's why it's important to take great care of teeth. A few tips on that will be offered here to help you have healthy teeth for life.

One is to brush your teeth at least twice a day, more often if possible. Brushing with a soft bristled toothbrush （软毛牙刷）and fluoride （含氟的）toothpaste after every meal and after eating any sweet snack is the best way to guard or protect against tooth decay(蛀牙). It is important to clean the front, back and top surfaces of all your teeth. Brushing your tongue to remove food particles and bacteria is also a good idea.

Another step you can take to protect your teeth is flossing（用牙线）. Floss is @a thin thread that can slide between teeth to remove food and bacteria that your toothbrush can't reach.

You can also take care of your teeth by watching what you eat.Eating foods that are high in sugar can lead to tooth decay. That's because bacteria that cause tooth decay love sugar. You can replace sugary snacks with fruits and vegetables, 6which are good for your body as well as your teeth.

Finally, it is important to visit your dentist regularly. The dentist can give your teeth a good cleaning, check for and fix cavities (牙洞),and teach you the right ways to brush and floss.

Having healthy teeth will always give you something to smile about.

点评:

这篇习作的成功之处在于，针对每条建议都给予了详细充实的细节支撑。例如，针对刷牙，作者给出了每天的刷牙频率、牙膏牙刷的选择以及刷牙方式等方面的具体建议。