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    2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题(无答案)

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    这是一份2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题(无答案),共13页。试卷主要包含了未知,汉译英等内容,欢迎下载使用。


    一、未知
    Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, us ne wrd that best fits each blank.
    Emily Dbek is a seventh-graded at East Prairie Elementary Schl. Recently she ___1___(win) a natinal prize by designing a space statin fr travelling t Mars.
    Dbek races her interest in space and the universe back ___2___Grade Three when she and her father watched a bld mn — a ttal lunar eclipse (月食)— n the rf f their huse. She says that night watching the lunar eclipse awakened her passin ___3___has yet t run ut f fuel.
    S ___4___her teacher, An drew Smeetn, received infrmatin abut the natinal challenge, she immediately had ne student in mind.
    “I knew she wuld lve the challenge and that she wuld g way beynd in her research,” Smeetn said. “When she started, bne density (骨密度) f astrnauts ___5___(research) immediately t figure ut hw t survive n Mars.”
    Accrding t Dbek’ design, the Mars Strage Statin ( MSS ) will be built ___6___(accmmdate) the need fr sufficient supplies. She explains hw her spacecraft — the Adventure — will be jined t a space statin befre flying t the MSS t lad supplies. Her design includes the Self Grwing Farm, and she details ___7___it wuld wrk with elements n Mars.
    Then there is physical and leisure activity fr the astrnauts under Dbek’s design. A simulatr (模拟器) allws astrnauts t chse their exercise machine and virtual reality envirnment. Rms with circular ceilings allw astrnauts t watch ___8___(dwnlad) shws and even see places n Earth, such as their hmes.
    Chief amng her immediate gals, she said, is t inspire ___9___with this prject. “I want t tell ther kids t fllw their passins,” dck said, “___10___they want t d, they shuld kind f just push fr it. They shuld always try their best.”
    Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
    Japan births fall t recrd lw as ppulatin crisis deepensJapan saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lwest number n recrd. That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by cntrast, Japan recrded mre than 1.5 millin births in 1982. Japan als reprted a (n)___11___high fr pst-war deaths last year, at mre than 1.58 millin. Deaths have___12___births in Japan fr mre than a decade, psing a grwing prblem fr leaders f the wrld’s third-largest ecnmy. They nw face a ballning elderly ppulatin, alng with a shrinking wrkfrce t___13___pensins and health care as demand frm the aging ppulatin increased.
    Japan’ ppulatin has been in___14___decline since its ecnmic bm f the 1980s and std at 125.5 millin in 2021. Its death rate f 1.3 is far belw the rate f 2.1 required t maintain a stable ppulatin, in the___15___f immigratin.
    The cuntry als has ne f the highest life expectancies in the wrld ; in 2020, nearly ne in 1,500 peple in Japan were aged 100 r lder. These cncerning trends resulted in a warning frm Prime minister that Japan is “n the edge f nt being able t maintain scial___16___” and Japan “simply cannt wait any lnger” in slving the prblem f its lw birth rate. A new gvernment agency will be set up t fcus n the issue, with Prime Minister saying that he wants the gvernment t ___17___ its spending n child-related prgrams.
    But mney alne might nt be able t slve the cmplex prblem, with varius scial factrs cntributing t the lw birth rate. Japan’s high cst f living, limited space and lack f child care supprt in cities make it difficult t raise children, meaning fewer cuples are having kids. Urban cuples are als ften far frm ___18___family in ther regins, wh culd help prvide supprt. In 2022, Japan was ranked ne f the wrld’s mst expensive places t raise a child. And yet, the cuntry’s ecnmy has slwed dwn since the early 1990s, meaning frustratingly lw ages and little___19___mbility.
    The average real annual husehld incme declined frm $50,600 in 1995 t $43, 300 in 2020. Attitude tward marriage and starting families have als ___20___ in recent years, with mre cuples putting ff bth during the pandemic.
    A recent series f studies examined the rle f talent in the sprts wrld. They fcused n three different sprts: Wrld Cup sccer, prfessinal basketball, and prfessinal baseball. The results acre mixed. Fr sccer and basketball, the studies revealed that adding talented players t a team is indeed a (n) ______ strategy, but nly up t a pint. Perfrmance ______ when abut 70% f the players were cnsidered tp talent. Abve that level, the team’s perfrmance began t decline. Interestingly, this trend was nt evident in baseball, where additinal ______ talent cntinued t enhance the team’s perfrmance. (Figure 1 and 2)
    In lking fr an explanatin fr the different results fr different sprts, the researchers ______ne imprtant factr — the extent t which a gd perfrmance by a scam required its members t crdinate (协调) their actins. This task ______ distinguishes b as c ball frm basketball and sccer.
    In baseball, the perfrmance f individual players is ______ teammates than in sccer and basketball. The researchers cncluded that when, during the curse f play, task inter dependence is high, team perfrmance will ______ when there is t much talent in the grup. When task interdependence is lwer, ______ individual talent
    will have a psitive effect n team perfrmance.
    One explanatin fr this phenmenn is nt s far frm the pecking rder (等级排序) situatin amng chickens. If a basketball star is pursuing his wn persnal gals,______ trying t gather a high persnal pint ttal, he may be less _______aha team player. He may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a team mate, thus making the team’s verall perfrmance suffer.“ There is n______in TEAM,” yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld. Apparently stars ______ fllw this basic principle f sprtsman ship.
    Anther pssibility is that when there is a lt f talent n a team, sme players may begin t______ This is referred t as the Ringelmann effect. Ringelmann cnducted an experiment in which he asked tw, three, fur, and up t 28 peple t participate in a game f tug-f-war. He measured hw much frce each persn used t pull the rpe. He fund that whenever he added a persn t the team, everyne else pulled with less frce.
    ______ the ideal team — fr sprts, business, science, r entertainment — is mre cmplicated than simply hiring the best talent. An A-team may require a______ nt just A players, but a few generus B players as well.
    21.A.sensibleB.partialC.alarmingD.attainable
    22.A.fadedB.peakedC.evlvedD.prceeded
    23.A.teamB.creativeC.academicD.individual
    24.A.identifiedB.verlkedC.cnsideredD.cncealed
    25.A.explanatinB.cnclusinC.discussinD.interdependence
    26.A.mre suitable frB.mre critical tC.less dependent nD.less invlved in
    27.A.swingB.sufferC.endureD.functin
    28.A.in principleB.in a senseC.in ther wrdsD.n the ther hand
    29.A.as a ruleB.by cntrastC.fr exampleD.as a matter f fact
    30.A.stressedB.genuineC.sensitiveD.generus
    31.A.IB.HEC.THEYD.WE
    32.A.clselyB.rarelyC.humblyD.jintly
    33.A.make less effrtB.cause mre trubleC.take less advantageD.attach mre imprtance
    34.A.InspiringB.IntensifyingC.GatheringD.Training
    35.A.explratinB.balanceC.stabilityD.flexibility
    It was a winter afternn when, rushing t attend the final shw f my art schl degree, I caught the heel f my bt n the edge f a pavement. Suddenly, I was flying thrugh the air. If the past tw years studying phtgraphy had taught me anything, it was an appreciatin f hw things can change in a thusandth f a secnd. Light, shadw, clurs, all are in a cnstant state f flux (不断的变动) — as is life. And since crash-landing nt my left shulder, I have been living thrugh the truth f this wisdm.
    That day, dctrs diagnsed a cracked bne. It was nly the next mrning when, instinctively, I tried t capture sme spectacular sunlight streaming int my kitchen, that I had t face the harsh reality: I culd n lnger lift my camera, let alne us it. Latch that week, a hspital appintment cnfirmed my wrst scar — the arm needed ttal rest.
    Sn, I became cantankerus and impatient. I culdn’t travel, I culd’t g anywhere much. Surfing nline, I came acrss the cncept f gratitude inter vent ins and their rle in bsting md and well being. A Califrnian psychlgist, Snja Lyubmirsky, has pineered research int using a daily phtgraphy practice as a tl fr enhanced gratitude. Her instructins are simple, but nt necessarily cask. Take phtgraphs thrughut the day f things that are central t wh yu are. Take at least five phts a day. Initially, it felt like a demanding task. But reading hw participants assigned t the gratitude interventins had experienced enhanced psitive emtins, I decided t persevere.
    Pain frced me t slw dwn, because capturing a single iPhne pht was painful. And, yet, the struggle t find anything t feel grateful abut, and then t recrd it, started t dramatically imprve bth my md and my images. I began t phtgraph the mst bring details f my days, frm my breakfast cup t a red pepper reflected in the windw. Despite everything, I fund I culd find magic in the rdinary. “Life seems repetitive and bring when yu dn’t ntice the uniqueness f each mment and the cnstant subtle changes that are ging n all arund yu,” write Andy Karr in a wnderful bk n phtgraphy. I agree, but dn’t just take my wrd fr it — experience it fr yurself.
    36.What happened t the writer n the winter afternn ?
    A.She went t her classmate’s degree shw in a hurry.
    B.She tripped ver and brke her shulder bne.
    C.She was taught an unfrgettable lessn n phtgraphy.
    D.She tk a pht f a tragic crash-landing t be n shw.
    37.The underlined wrd “cantankerus”in paragraph 3 is clsest in meaning t ______.
    A.suspicius f the hspital diagnsis
    B.desperate t have my injury treated
    C.enthusiastic abut bsting wellbeing
    D.bad-tempered and always cmplaining
    38.The writer phtgraphed the bring life rutine because______.
    A.underlying magic cnsisted in daily affairs
    B.gratitude fuelled a struggle against bredm
    C.it was central t the essence f phtgraphy
    D.she felt like being assigned demanding tasks
    39.Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the passage ?
    A.Express Gratitude t Winter
    B.Becme a Master f Phtgraphy
    C.Witness Re birth ut f Injury
    D.Picture this beauty in the Ordinary
    40.The underlined phrase “ stle the shw ” mst prbably means______.A.disappinted the prducerB.ruined the whle perfrmance
    C.attracted the mst attentinD.exhibited excessive cnfidence
    41.Which f the fllwing statements abut Jnathan Baker is TRUE ?
    A.He excels in ne - dimensinal characterizatin.
    B.His nvels center arund rdinary peple’s lives.
    C.His nvels shw cnsistent super characterizatin and ambitin.
    D.He is passinate abut presenting realistic images f future Lndn.
    42.The puzzle in episde number three______.
    A.are integrated in the narrative
    B.arc appealing t the audience
    C.deal with the theme f explratin
    D.are absent in ther adventure games
    Plugs acrss America
    The United States has arund 150,000 fuel statins t re till fssil-fuel-burning vehicles. Despite the rapid grwth f all-electric vehicle in America — 400,000 f them were sld in 2021, up frm barely la, 000 in 2012 — the cuntry has nly 6,000 fast electric charging statins, the kind that can rapidly charge a battery-pwered car.
    A glance at America’s charging map reveals a lt f charging deserts. This makes sense, as EVs ( electric vehicle ) still represent less than 3% f new car sales. Large cities have a grwing number f fast charges, but nt nearly enugh t accmmdate s many EVs. Away frm cities, these charters are alng interstate highways clsely enugh t allw electric cars safe passage. Otherwise, they are nearly nnexistent in rural America. And EV statins have a prblem that gas statins dn’t: “Even the fastest Tesla supercharger is still ging t take 15 minutes t put a cuple hundred miles n the vehicle,” says Jeremy Michalek, a prfessr at Carnegie Melln University.
    Michalek says American charging facilities fall far behind what’ needed fr the whle cuntry t transitin t electric driving. On the bright side, there is time t catch up, because nt all Americans will embrace eva at nce. Mst early adpters were thse with access t a charge at hme in their garage r parking space. Thse wners can wake up with a full battery and nly need t rely n public charters when they leave twn n an extended trip. But as the cuntry
    gets t higher levels f EV adptin, the current facilities wn’t be enugh. That is why Michalek says the US needs t priritize increasing the number f charges at rest stps alng well-traveled highways, especially as mre peple use electric cars fr summer - time rad trips.
    “As we act t higher levels f EV adptin, if we dn’t have enugh chargers fr peak demand, the wait times are ging t be unlike what we see with gas statins, ” he says.
    Charging dead bnes will be larger as mre Americans cnsider an EV. Renters wh d nt have the ptin t install a hme charges will be hesitant t g fully electric until they can feel cnfident a public plug will be there when they neck it. And as mre husehlds drive nly electric vehicles, it will be crucial that peple can get t all the places they want t g.
    In the best case, Michalek envisins public-private cperatin t build a natinal charging netwrk. The US gvernment has prmised t install plugs thrughut rural areas, while cmpanies cnstructing charging statins acrss America will have a strng mtivatin t fill in the cuntry’s biggest cities. After all, cmpanies like Electrify America, EV g, and Charge Pint charge custmers f energy they use.
    43.It can be learned frm the 2nd paragraph that ______.
    A.there is a shrtage f charging statins in the rural areas f America
    B.it takes abut 15 minutes fr an average charge t charge a battery-pwered car
    C.mre electric vehicle are sld than fssil-fuel burning cars in large cities in America
    D.there are enugh charges in America cnsidering the limited sales f new electric vehicles
    44.Which f the fllwing statements wuld Michalek mst prbably agree with ?
    A.Cmpanies setting up charging statins are hesitant t g electric.
    B.Thse wh already have a hme charge dn’ t have t find a public plug.
    C.Tp pririty needs t be given t adding mre charging statins acrss the cuntry.
    D.There is enugh time t establish a charging netwrk, because nt many EVs are uscd.
    45.What can be inferred abut the renters ?
    A.Sme renters dn’t have the intentin t g electric.
    B.Sme renters might nt be authrized t install a hme charge.
    C.As mre renters are unwilling t use public plugs, the charging dead bnes are grwing.
    D.Sme renters might nt have enugh cnfidence in the public plugs fr the safety reasns.
    46.Wh des Michalek expect t wrk tgether t establish the charging netwrk natinwide?
    A.The gvernment and sme cmpanies.
    B.The lcal gvernment and every husehld.
    C.The charging facility prviders and every family.
    D.The federal gvernment and the lcal rural gvernment.
    As a btanists wh studies ur cultural relatinship with plants, I am frever fascinated with what draws peple t gardening.
    Admittedly, cnnecting with the natural wrld might seem like an bvius mtivatin, and undubtedly it is a key part f the attractin.___47___ If they were, we’d abandn any attempts at design, planting r care and watch hw walls f weeds slwly gave way t the mass f bushes. But that wuld’t be gardening, f curse, because fr all their diversity, the ne thing that all gardens have in cmmn is hw unnatural they are.___48___ Dazzling plants, watch features and glrius blms is all intercnnected well beynd what wuld naturally ccur. Whether it is green lawns created in the driest deserts r a trpical paradise n a strmy Nrth Atlantic island, they are all abut shaping the natural wrld t fit ur idea f what it “ shuld” be.
    As I wrk n my tiny terrariums (玻璃花园) n dark February nights, smething magical happens t my brain. ___49___ In a wrld that has becme increasingly uncertain, peple are ften fuelled by the same psychlgical desire: the instinctive need t have a bit f cntrl amid chas.
    As ur wrld becmes mre and mre unpredictable and ften frightening, gardening seems t be able t appeal t and reach ut t a whle new generatin, ften against all dds.
    Of curse, gardening in’ t the nly thing peple turn t. The rise f culture cnflicts and fix at in n bdy image have als been widely dcumented as being driven by a psychlgical need t feel a degree f certainty, cntrl and safety. Hwever, I can’t help but think f these alternatives: ___50___
    A.In reality gardens are anything but natural.
    B.What are the things they have been attracted t?
    C.They are idealized landscape with all the mud, pests and dead plants edited ut.
    D.Hw much better a place the planet wuld be if gardening was ur utlet fr this need!
    E.Much like agriculture, gardening is a universal human desire cded int ur cultural DNA.
    F.The calmness created by wning a tiny green space under my cntrl has a pwerful effect n my mind.
    51.Directins: rad the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
    A plan t restre green spaces
    The UK gvernment has revealed a plan t prtect and restre England’s wild life. It fcuses n at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
    The new Envirnmental Imprvement Plan sets gals t create r restre mre than 5,000 square kilmetres f wildlife habitats acrss England and restre 400 miles f rivers. It will create r expand 25 natinal nature reserves. New wdland will als be planted alngside rivers. At the mment, access t green spaces is nt equal acrss the UK. Arund 4% f peple live mre than 10 minutes away frm their nearest park. The Envirnmental Imprvement Plan aims t make sure husehlds in England are within a 15-minute walk t a green space.
    As well as helping mre peple t act clse t nature, the plan shuld increase England’s bidiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up t help sme f England’s mst endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Gvernment has set targets t bst these species by 2030. There are als targets t reduce fd waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and t imprve the quality f water in rivers.
    New rules mean that the Gvernment will have t cnsider the envirnmental effects f any plicy it puts frward. These gals are part f a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim f the plan is t imprve the envirnment “within a generatin ” which is rughly 25 years.
    Althugh lts f peple have welcmed the plan, nt everyne is impressed. Pail de Zylva, frm the charity Friends f the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enugh hw the gals wuld be met and that many f them were like prmises the Gvernment had already made but nt yet delivered.
    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    二、汉译英(整句)
    52.有了无人机,救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。(enable)(汉译英)
    53.他刚出差回来,就马不停蹄地赶到施工现场了解工程进度。(the mment) (汉译英)
    三、未知
    54.这家酒店不但避免使用一次性塑料产品,而且还采用节能照明系统,开创了当地生态旅游的先河。(adpt) (汉译英)
    55.这位来自奥地利艺术学院的油画家近期会在上海举办个人作品展,将呈现给参观者一场视觉盛宴。(which ) (汉译英)
    56.Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
    假期即将来临,你的朋友李华计划完成一篇调查报告,他对去公共图书馆还是去自习室(self-study rm)写报告犹豫不决,现征求你的建议。请参考以下信息,写一封邮件,内容需包括:
    1. 你的建议;
    2. 你建议的理由。
    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    A.absence
    B.duble
    C.extended
    D.functins
    E. fund
    F. utpaced
    G. prspects
    H. recrd
    I. shifted
    J. steady
    K. upward
    ENTERTAINMENT|RESTAURANTS|THEATRE|FILM|MUSIC|EXHIBITIONS
    A ntable highlight f the shw was the real cnfidence f the singing. Sam Hall was a jy t watch, with perfect cmic timing, as was Emma Williams, thrughly believable and cnvincing in her rle. These tw yung talents stle the shw, in my pinin. The nly d is appintments were the dancing, which shwed a lack f riginality, and the pening scene, which fell a little flat. D c spite the ccasinal technical flaws, this was a highly enjyable and greatly impressive prductin, which the cmpany shuld be prud f.
    I was really lking frward t Jnathan Baker’s latest, which is set in an imagined, but realistic, Lndn f the scar future. But I fund this new effrt was act dwn by the slightly ne-dimensinal characterizatin, and the writing is belw standard fr the mst part : sme f the early scents between Martha and her husband are slightly bring. The superb characterizatin and ambitin that baker demnstrated in his previus nvels seem t be missing here. Baker’ cmmitment t describing the lives f rdinary peple is admirable, but the whle thing is lacking in energy.
    This is episde number three in the nearly twenty-year-ld series, delivering a very attractive and interesting stry and lads f cmedy. There is sme strng writing and vice acting, but the new episde chses t g fr a linear (线性的) narrative, with sme puzzle included alng the way, which is less invlving than the theme f explratin and cnversatin which previus episde have depended n. Besides, the puzzle are nt particularly engaging, and many f them have been seen befre in ther adventure games. The visuals are extremely impressive, f curse, as we have cme t expect, this time featuring venues in Catalnia. But verall, a slight disappintment.
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