2022上海长宁区高三二模英语试题含答案

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2021学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷
（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Their jobs in the future. B. Their majors at university.
C. Their adaptation to high school. D. Their work-study plans this term.
2. A. $50. B. $60. C. $90. D. $180.
3. A. He used to be a quite rich person. B. He has already been to New Zealand.
C. He doesn’t believe that $400 is enough. D. He thinks that the trip is quite expensive.
4. A. Pointless. B. Informative. C. Amusing. D. Out-of-date.
5. A. The woman will arrive as planned. B. He cannot afford the lecture.
C. The woman is leading the wrong way. D. He needs to ask for directions.
6. A. It could be taken by mistake. B. It is quite cheap-looking.
C. It might not be of good quality. D. It does not look ideal in size.
7. A. The man’s roommate is too quiet. B. The man is upset with his roommate.
C. The woman feels comfortable with the man. D. The woman has been the man’s friend for long.
8. A. She knows a helpful young man. B. She has never lived in London before.
C. She does not like the topic at the time. D. She remembers vaguely about London.
9. A. Both of the speakers enjoyed the film. B. The woman was interested in exploring jungles.
C. An exciting film will be on next week. D. The man forgot seeing a movie with the woman.
10. A. She didn’t expect to get full marks. B. She needs to find a new part-time job.
C. The man must have done well in the exam. D. The man didn’t tell her anything about his job.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. An analysis of protein. B. A health drink.
C. A way to build muscle. D. A means of losing weight.
12. A. They help build up appetite. B. They offer mixed proteins.
C. They help relieve exhaustion. D. They reduce our need for energy.
13. A. Making home-made protein shakes. B. Eating protein-rich whole foods.
C. Staying away from ready-made drinks. D. Using plant-based protein powder.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It flies 14,000 kilometres one way. B. Its worms live on oranges.
C. Its migration path varies each time. D. It makes an annual migration.
15. A. It is in danger of extinction. B. It is losing sense of direction.
C. Humans are killing it on purpose. D. Global warming stops its migration.
16. A. By recording its number. B. By changing its diet.
C. By providing enough food. D. By breeding artificially.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He is a responsible tourist. B. He is a Wechat critic.
C. He is an amateur photographer. D. He is a hiking instructor.
18. A. They are flooded by waterfalls. B. They are banned from social media.
C. They are being ruined by careless visitors. D. They are overflowing with wild flowers.
19. A. They read a lot of articles about geotags.
B. They post letters for help on social media.
C. They ask geographers to recognize the places.
D. They trace geographical information of the pictures.
20. A. Travel alone without taking any pictures.
B. Sign up for a course on how to take pictures.
C. Post all her pictures on Wechat for compliments.
D. Share pictures without exact location information.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Family history
During the late 19th century, in what is now Slovakia, a newspaper editor and novelist named Anton Bielek worked to preserve the Slovak language and culture at a time (21)______ Hungary was in power and trying to impose its language on the region. His marriage to Agnes, a Hungarian noble woman, was thus highly debatable. When Bielek was eventually imprisoned for his work, Agnes’ family took her in, and she gave birth to their daughter Anna. Anna grew up, moved to America, and became my great-grandmother.
I know the story above because my uncle spent a significant amount of time (22)______ (investigate) our family history. Studying one’s family history helps us connect the big historical events with the actual people behind them. It can also give us a deeper sense of who we are and where we came from.
If you want to investigate your family history, it’s easiest to start with (23)______ you know. Try making a family tree that lists your parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. If you don’t know the names of certain people, you (24)______ be able to ask older relatives, thereby involving them in your research.
After you’ve gone back as far as your living relatives can remember, tracing your family history gets
(25)______ (hard). Depending on where you come from, there may or may not be documents with
(26)______ (record) names, birth dates, ect. In some places, however, records (27)______ these might be available online.
One challenge my uncle faced when studying our family history was identifying one ancestor who had changed his name after moving to the United States. My uncle was required (28)______ (make) several inferences in order to figure out his original name. He also needed to know that the first name Chaim frequently (29)______ (translate) into English as Harry.
Difficult (30)______ researching your family history may be, it is worthwhile pursuit if you want a better understanding of where you come from. You may even find some exciting stories about things your ancestors were involved with and experienced.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. aggressiveness
B. crewed
C. dropped
D. hatred
E. indication
F. inevitably
G. previously
H. realistic
I. sponsored
J. stretched
K. stuck

A record-breaking caver
In 1988, Véronique Le Guen set a world record for the most time spent alone in an underground cave by a woman. For 111 days, Le Guen went without clocks or any information from the outside world and lived in a cold, damp cave 80 metres below ground at Valat-Negre in southern France. At this depth, not even the temperature of the cave—a constant, damp 9°C—could give her any 31 whether it was day or night, making it very difficult for her to know when to sleep.
Devices 32 to her skin on the head during the experiment revealed that Le Guen’s sense of time quickly failed. On one occasion she slept for 18 hours, but when she woke up, she thought that
she had 33 off for only a couple of minutes. In the cave, she read around 80 books, took thousands of blood samples and developed a temporary 34 of the experiment’s leader, Michel Siffre. The man himself
had 35 spent 205 days in a cave in Texas in 1972.
“I feel a wave of enormous 36 that dominates my spirits,” Le Guen wrote in her diary. “One after the other, I look at each of the instruments of my suffering. A crazy desire overcomes me to smash and destroy everything.”
The experiment was set up to see how humans tolerate, or not, states of extreme isolation and sensory deficiency. These are circumstances people will almost certainly face up to in any serious 37 exploration of the solar system. Travelling to Mars, for example, would take around seven months, so a round trip plus time spent on the planet could 38 involve about 18 months of extreme isolation. NASA was interested early on in the project and 39 Siffre’s Texas journey.
Siffre’s last major cave experiment ended in 2000, after he spent 75 days alone in the Clamouse cave in southern France. Nowadays, the International Space Station provides a more 40 test bed for the type of isolation future astronauts may have to compete with.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
There aren’t enough resources to identify and cure the factors that are causing populations of animals around the world to decline. Artificial intelligence might have the power to change that.
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it 41 “very much like the laser noise from Star Wars,” says preservation biologist Marc Travers. He should know, as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project recorded thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines 42 local seabirds. Travers was trying to establish how 43 birds are killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Preservation Metrics, a company that assists preservation efforts with AI 44 . Preservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and check off the sounds that signified bird electrocutions (电击). The result was 45 , as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. 46 proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility (公共设施) service to reduce bird deaths.
In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered machines take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But 47 , programs that use AI to sort through mountains of data might just save some species from disappearing permanently.
By many 48 , humans have been poor keepers of the planet. Humans have altered as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in 49 around the world has created a miserable situation. Preservation efforts
50 key resources they need to be effective.
Humans, 51 , fortunately have AI-based tools that can help now. AI can quickly and accurately sort through large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyse the data and suggest the most effective ways to focus preservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, 52 hunters are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park keepers are left with a(n) 53 task because there is too much land to cover. But the PAWS programme allows park keepers to focus their efforts. PAWS has even 54 the existence of trap lines in areas not yet watched by park keepers!
We still face many challenges to 55 the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful preservation tool.
41. A. makes a sound B. catches fire C. keeps the distance D. takes chances
42. A. affected B. preserved C. recorded D. attracted
43. A. unlawfully B. instantly C. frequently D. deliberately
44. A. fiction B. significance C. factors D. resources
45. A. deceiving B. doubtful C. desirable D. disturbing
46. A. Engaged in B. Qualified for C. Armed with D. Exposed to
47. A. in addition B. in reality C. in return D. in fact
48. A. measures B. programs C. services D. species
49. A. biodiversity B. production C. population D. economy
50. A. distribute B. pool C. lack D. exploit
51. A. meanwhile B. however C. otherwise D. besides
52. A. big-game B. professional C. local D. illegal
53. A. impossible B. dangerous C. urgent D. thankless
54. A. disproved B. explained C. predicted D. ignored
55. A. estimate B. reverse C. experience D. sustain
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Consumer expert Sue Hayward’s sensible finance tips and advice
Money Talk
Sue’s Guide To Booking Your Summer Holiday
3 WAYS TO SAVE
u Hungry Horse pubs have Golden Years menus for the over-60s with two courses for £4.70. Portions may be slightly smaller than standard mains. The deal is available Mon-Fri. hungryhorse.co.uk
u Want to start a new hobby? Golf can sound like an expensive one but no need to pay for stylish clubs. Council-run courses can cost from just £10 a time for two.
u Borrow, don’t buy if you only need gadgets or tools occasionally. Pick up a carpet cleaner, wheelbarrow or shredder from a Library of Things community scheme in places including Oxford, Edinburgh and Plymouth. From £1! libraryofthings.co.uk
Started planning this year’s getaway? The collapse of holiday giant Thomas Cook shows how booking with big companies is no guarantee your trip will go to plan. Here are the best ways to protect your holiday and your cash.
u Package protection: Package holidays offer better protection than booking all the bits of your trip separately. This needn’t mean buying an off-the-peg package. Book a flight with any other part of your trip, like a hotel or car hire, at the same time and it counts as a package. With packages you get ATOL protection. This travel industry scheme means your money back if your airline or holiday company go out of business. Companies offering ATOL protection should have details on their website, but check on the Civil Aviation Authority website. www.caa.co.uk/atol-protection
u Flight details: There’s no automatic ATOL protection on flight-only deals. But if your airline goes out of business you can usually claim back the cost on your travel
insurance, along with any other expenses, like an extra night in a hotel. If you don’t have travel insurance, you can claim a refund through your credit card company, if you paid this way.
u Cruises and coach trips: For cruise, coach or rail-based holidays, look for ABTA protection which covers UK tour operators and travel agents. Before booking look for the ABTA logo and membership number, and double check this on the ABTA website. www.abta.com
SUE’S TIPS:
u Buy travel insurance when booking your holiday. It means cancellation cover if you or a family member is seriously ill.
u Shop around for travel insurance, though, as you don’t have to buy it from your holiday company.
u Use your credit card for extra protection. If you pay for anything over £100 on it, you can ask your card company for a refund if things go wrong.
56. By “an off-the-peg package”, the author most probably refers to a package ______.
A. not including insurance B. that is ready-made
C. that can be sold separately D. tailored for a group
57. From Sue’s guide, we can learn that ______.
A. it is safer to book with big holiday companies
B. package travellers can enjoy ATOL protection
C. ABTA protection covers travel agents mainly in Europe
D. it is cheaper to buy travel insurance from a travel agency
58. A couple in their seventies living in London, UK can ______.
A. rent a carpet cleaner from a Library of Things for free
B. get a refund of £99.99 on their credit card for a broken couch
C. enjoy a Sunday dinner at Hungry Horse pubs for less than £5 each
D. choose to play golf in council-run courses costing from £10 each time
59. Which of the following best advertises the column?
A. Holiday in, money out. B. Tips and trips.
C. Save with Sue, live to the full. D. Talk till you book.
(B)
In 2001, artist Michael Landy destroyed all his possessions in a work he called Break Down. The exhibition, which was held in an empty department store in central London, cost £100,000 to put on and lasted for two weeks. Landy had spent three years cataloguing the 7,226 separate items.
More than 45,000 people came to watch him and his ten helpers destroy everything he’d ever owned, right down to his last sock, his passport and even his beloved Saab (萨博车).
Many of those who came to the exhibition applauded and encouraged Landy in his two weeks of destruction, but his mother wasn’t one of them. “I had to throw my mum out,” said Landy. “She started crying and I couldn’t handle those emotions. She had to go.”
Many other people were equally upset, especially those in the art world thought it was unacceptable to destroy famous artists’ work. Landy destroyed pieces of art given to him by people such as Tracey Emin and Damien Hirst. But on that point Landy said he felt no guilt. After all, he had destroyed all his own work—a collection that covered 15 years.
Landy said that Break Down was an examination of consumerism—others said it was a case of madness. In fact, a minister and a doctor believed he was mentally ill and offered him counselling. However, Landy’s description of his state of mind at that time was very different. “When I finished, I did feel an incredible sense of freedom,” he said, “the possibility that I could do anything. But the freedom is gradually destroyed by the everyday concerns of life. Life was much simpler when I was on my platform.”
The art world eagerly awaited the destroyed remains of his possessions. Indeed, Landy was supposed to give the sacks of smashed metal, plastic and paper to the people who had given him financial backing for the project, and each sack would have been worth £4,000. But he had a change of heart at the last minute and ended up burying it all.
After the exhibition, offers from galleries all round the world poured in. He was even asked to repeat Break Down in a Brazilian gallery. However, as Landy points out, Break Down was a one-off.
60. When destroying all his possessions, Landy ______.
A. went totally mad B. did not feel regretful
C. was desperately upset D. was very much worried
61. Landy destroyed all his possessions in Break Down in order to ______.
A. show off his enormous fortune
B. break free of his mum’s control
C. express his envy for other artists
D. prove his willpower to live simply
62. What can be learned from the passage about Landy?
A. He merely smashed his own artworks.
B. He suffered a major failure in his career.
C. He would do Break Down again some other time.
D. He had thought about selling the sacks of remains.
(C)
The “reading wars,” one of the most confusing and disabling conflicts in the history of education, went on heatedly in the 1980s and then peace came. Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature).
Recent events suggest the conflict of complicated concepts is far from over. Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word “phonics.”
Lucy M. Calkins, a professor at Columbia University’s Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading, has drawn attention with an eight-page essay. Here is part of her argument: “The important thing is to teach kids that they needn’t freeze when they come to a hard word, nor skip past it. The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon, and to use those resources to develop endurance.”
To Calkins’s critics, it is cruel and wasteful to encourage 6-year-olds to look for clues if they don’t immediately know the correct sounds. They should work on decoding—knowing the pronunciation of every letter group—until they master it, say the critics, backed by much research.
Calkins’s approach “is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill,” Mark S. Seidenberg, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, said in a blog post. “Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem—like solving a puzzle. She is committed to the educational principle that children learn best by discovering how systems work rather than being told.”
Many others share his view. “Children should learn to decode—i.e., go from print on the page to words in the mind—not by clever guesswork and inference, but by learning to decode,” Daniel Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, told me. He said the inferences Calkins applauds are “cognitively (认知地) demanding, and readers don’t have much endurance for it. … It disturbs the flow of what you’re reading, and doing a lot of it gets frustrating.”
Yet a recent survey found that only 22 percent of 670 early-reading teachers are using the approach of phonics and what they mean by phonics is often no more than marking up a worksheet.
Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak.
Calkins said in her essay: “Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy,” but it would be a mistake to teach phonics “at the expense of reading and writing.”
The two sides appear to agree with her on that.
63. Critics of phonics hold the opinion that ______.
A. children should be taught to use context
B. teaching phonics is both boring and useless
C. kids acquire vocabulary in hearing letter groups
D. pronunciation has nothing to do with meaning of words
64. Which of the following statements is Mark S. Seidenberg most likely to agree with?
A. Tell me and I will forget; show me and I will remember.
B. Skilled reading is fast and automatic but not deliberative.
C. Word recognition skill should be developed in problem reasoning.
D. Learning to make reasonable inferences is also a way of decoding.
65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. phonics approach has been proved to be successful
B. children don’t shy away from difficulties in reading
C. the two reading approaches might integrate with each other
D. reading and writing are much more important than phonics
66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. An everlasting reading war among critics
B. From print on the page to words in the mind
C. A battle restarts between phonics, whole language
D. Decoding and inferring confuse early-reading teachers
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. A New York Times article on this got 250,000 hits.
B. He decided to investigate for himself; fortunately, no one was hurt.
C. There are also those who seem to be motivated partly by money and partly by boredom.
D. Those amazing stories about famous people will be covered by the mainstream media if true.
E. When caught misusing one media platform, users simply go to another one or start up a website themselves.
F. However, many people thought these papers were themselves lying for political ends and instead of disappearing, the fake story snowballed.
The Rise of Fake News
In December 2016 Edgar M. Welch drove six hours from his home to Washington DC, where he opened fire in a pizzeria with a gun. He had formerly read an online news story about the restaurant being the headquarters of a group of child abusers (虐童者). 67
The story above is one of the most famous examples of the growing phenomenon called ‘fake news’. The conspiracy theory (阴谋论) about the pizzeria began to appear on websites and social networks in late October. This was quickly claimed to be false news by publications such as The New York Times and The Washington Post. 68 Posts from ‘Representative Steven Smith of the 15th District of Georgia’ claimed that the mainstream media were telling falsehoods. Even though both this name and district were invented, the message was re-posted many times.
Fake news stories can be hard to control for several reasons. Many people mistrust established news sources and others just don’t read them, so the exposing of a fake story by a serious newspaper or TV channel has limited effect. In addition, the internet is very hard to police. 69
Reasons why people create fake news are various. Some have political motives, to belittle their opponents. Other websites, like The Onion, deliberately publish fake news as satire—humorous comment on society and current affairs. Another group is in it for the profit: many people clicking on entertaining fake news stories can bring in a lot of advertising income. One man running fake news sites from Los Angeles made up to US$ 30,000 a month in this way. 70 Some small-town teenagers in Macedonia, for instance, wrote fake news stories about famous people.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Secrets of the ginkgo tree
New research into an incredibly long-lived tree has revealed some of the tricks that help it survive for thousands of years. The ginkgo is a huge, slow-growing tree with fan-shaped leaves, native to China, but planted in parks and gardens across the world. Some of the largest ginkgoes are said to be more than 3,000 years old.
In order to discover how these and other trees can live for so long, scientists from the US and China took samples from 34 healthy ginkgoes of various ages. The team studied growth rings in each tree’s trunk, as well as individual cells from the bark (树皮), leaves and seeds. They found that 600-year-old trees were just as healthy as 20-year-olds.
To learn more, the team then looked in detail at the DNA of nine trees aged between three and 667 years old. At the beginning of a tree’s life, DNA instructs the cells in a seedling (幼苗) to divide frequently so the tree grows rapidly. The cells also make special chemicals to help the young plant survive stressful situations, such as disease and lack of water. As most trees grow older and tougher, their DNA tells the cells to divide more slowly and to make fewer chemical defences.
Ginkgoes, however, do things differently. The team found that although their growth eventually slows, both young and old trees make protective chemicals. The secret is maintaining a really healthy defence system. As ginkgoes age, they show no evidence of weakening their ability to defend themselves from stresses. Other trees that live for a long time may have the same ability.
For all their defences, though, ginkgoes cannot live forever—they eventually meet with fatal accidents such as fire, disease and storms. While they last, however, these leafy giants are some of the most beautiful trees in the world.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 想到睡在帐篷的硬地上，野营就没那么诱人了。(thought)
73. 对铁路迷来说，没有什么比看着窗外飞快略过的风景更棒。(gaze v.)
74. 如果社区遭灾，及时提供救援常常是最关键的一环。(It)
75. 那年夏天，我和小学同学结伴在庐山骑行，我们有一度看到山巅近在咫尺，然而它实则遥不可及。
(once)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column”中看到一则启示，关于征询同学们“提高在线学习有效性”的建议。请给该报的编辑写一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）你的建议
2）你的理由

2021学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷
参考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
21. when 22. investigating 23. whatever/what/who/whoever/whomever 24. might/may 25. harder 26. recorded 27. like 28. to make 29. was translated 30. as/though
31. E 32. K 33. C 34. D 35. G 36. A 37. B 38. F 39. I 40. H
III. Reading Comprehension
41. A 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. C
51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 56. B 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. B
61. D 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. C 66. C 67. B 68. F 69. E 70. C
IV. Summary Writing
Research has disclosed some mystery of ginkoes’ longevity by studying the samples of different-aged ginkoes and other trees. Not like the latter whose DNA directs their cells to defend less efficiently when aging, ginkoes’ defence system constantly maintains healthy, thus ensuring these China-originated slow-growing leafy giants a long life if no deadly accidents occur. (54 words)
V. Translation
72. The thought of sleeping on the hard ground of the tent makes camping less attractive.
73. For railway fans, nothing is/there is nothing better than gazing out of the window at the view flying past.
74. It is often crucial/critical/essential that assistance (should) be provided right away if a disaster strikes/hits a community.
It is often crucial/critical/essential to provide assistance right away if a disaster strikes/hits a community.
75. When I rode in Lushan Mountain with my primary school classmates that summer, we once saw that the top of the mountain was close at hand, but it was out of reach in fact.
VI. Guided Writing
(略)