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专题05 名词性从句-- 高考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）
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目录
一 命题解读
二 解题关键
三 备考热点
四 四大从句
五 连接词用法
六 名词性从句重点、易错点
七 真题练一练
【命题解读】
名词性从句在阅读理解和完形填空中对于的长难句理解有着至关重要的作用。语法填空和短文改错中也常会考查其基本的用法。对长难句不能理清逻辑关系，容易造成此类试题的失分，应高度重视。
【解题关键】
1.连接词的选择与判断，其中what与that, if与whether是重点；
2.主从句的时态呼应。
【备考热点】
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
连接词用法细分
名词性从句的重点易错点
【2022 高考视角】
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ___42___ she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
2.（2022年全国甲卷短文改错）The disagreement was s sharp that neither he nr I knew what t settle it. One day, he talked with me and hped t mend ur relatins.
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) He saved my sn‘s’ life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw ___45___ t thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
(2022年北京卷语法填空) It’s easy t explain hw we determine ____34____ smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.
【答案】1.whether或if 2.what→hw 3.hw 4.whether
考点一 名词性从句的不同类型
名词性从句是具有名词功能的分句,包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
位置：谓语动词之前
①That yu are cming t Shanghai is the best news I have heard this lng time.
这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来上海。
典例剖析
【2021全国新高考I卷， 语法填空，56】 ______ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：关于这次经历，令人十分惊叹的地方在于那非凡的景色。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的地方”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。
②What matters mst in learning English is enugh practice.
学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。
③When they will cme hasn't been made public.
他们来的时间没有公布。
④It is bvius t the students that they shuld get well prepared fr their future.
显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。
宾语从句
位置：及物动词之后或介词之后
①We must find ut wh did all this.
我们必须查明谁做了这个。
②Tm is a nice by except that he is smetimes late fr schl.
汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。
③I find it necessary that we shuld spend mre time practising spken English.
我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。
④Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
3．表语从句
位置：系动词之后
①The reasn is that he missed the early bus.
原因是他错过了早班车。
②That is where the prblem lies.
那就是问题所在。
③As is knwn t us, China is n lnger what she used t be.
众所周知，中国再也不是从前的样子了。
④One reasn fr her preference fr city life is that she can have easy access t places like stres and restaurants.
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地进入像商店和饭店这样的地方。
4．同位语从句
结构：,名词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
位置：常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, prblem, infrmatin, belief, dubt等之后。
①They made an fficial request that the meeting be pstphned.
他们已经正式请求将会议推迟。
②The prblem whether we shuld cntinue t d the experiment has been slved.
我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。
③Where did yu get the idea that I culdn't cme.
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
[名师点睛] 同位语从句与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。同位语从句常放在feeling， news， dubt， prblem， prmise， idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。
对比：
The news that they had wn the game sn spread ver the whle schl. (同位语从句；that从句是对news内容的具体解释说明；that不作成分)
他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news (that) yu tld me yesterday was really thrilling.(定语从句；that从句对news进行修饰限定；that在从句中作宾语，故可省略)
你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人激动。
限时练 单句填空
①__________________ (毫无疑问) ur team has wn the game.
②Can yu tell me ____________ (我如何能) get t the airprt?
③This is __________________ (我们的问题所在)．
④The news ________________________________ (我们队赢得冠军) encuraged us all greatly.
答案：①There is n dubt that ②hw I can ③where ur prblems lie ④that ur team had wn the champinship
考点二 名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, wh, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever, when, where, why, hw, hw many, hw much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：
1．从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), wh(ever), whm(ever)。通常情况下，which是在语境中有选择范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)。
①What was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was her family.(主语从句，what在从句中作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
②I will give the bk t whever needs it.(宾语从句，whever在从句中作主语)
我要把这本书给真正需要的人。
典例剖析
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ___42___ she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
【答案】whether或if
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
2．从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用when, where, why, hw, hw many/much等带有语义的连接词。
①Sme students even have n idea why they are studying, s they waste much time playing.(同位语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作原因状语)
一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。
②She always thinks f hw she can wrk well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3．从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词that。
①He gave us a suggestin that we shuld practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)
他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。
考点三 名词性从句的重点、易错点
【易错点】1. that与what的误用
(1)(×) That caused the accident is still a cmplete mystery.
(√) What caused the accident is still a cmplete mystery.
[名师点睛] 主语从句缺少主语，语意为“什么”，故用what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语。句意：什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。
(2)(×) Befre the sales start, I make a list f that my kids will need fr the cming seasn.
(√) Befre the sales start, I make a list f what my kids will need fr the cming seasn.
【名师点睛】宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语，且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。 造成以上错误主要是因为对that和what的语法功能区别不清。其区别如下：
【解题关键】that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较：
It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.
很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。
I will d what I can （此处省略d）t help him.
我将尽力帮他。
1．that不可省略的情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。
①That he failed in the exam made his parents disappinted.
他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。
(2)that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。
②The truth is that I didn't g there.
事实是我没有去那里。
③The news that yu tld me yesterday was really disappinting.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。
(3)当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。
④They share little in cmmn except that they are frm the same cuntry.
除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。
(4)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的that不可省略。
⑤I believe (that) yu've dne yur best and that things will get better.
我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。
(5)当it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。
⑥He has made it clear that he will nt give in.
他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。
(6)当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时，that通常不可省略。
⑦He annunced, believe it r nt, that he wuld never frgive her.
信不信由你，他宣布他绝不会原谅她。
【易错点】2. that与whether的误用
典例剖析 改错
I’m glad t hear if yu’re cming t Sichuan in August.
【答案】if改为that或去掉if
【解析】 hear 后为宾语从句，句意：我听说你要来，而非我听说你是否要来，故讲if改为that或去掉if。
whether与if的用法
a.表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；
b.当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的r时，必须用whether；
c.与r nt直接连用时，也必须用whether。
①Whether the meeting will be held is still a prblem.(主语从句放于句首)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
→The prblem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)
问题是是否将举行会议。
→I have n idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
我不知道是否将举行会议。
②It is dubtful whether/if he will cme here.(主语从句放于句末)
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定的区别。
a．在及物动词后
(×)I dn't care whether he desn't cme.(whether从句中不能用否定式)
(√)I dn't care whether he cmes r nt.
(√)I dn't knw whether t g there.(whether＋t d)
b．在介词后
在介词后常用whether，不用if。
It depends n whether yu can d the wrk well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
【易错点】3. which与that, what的误用
典例剖析 改错
Hwever, which matters mst is that everyne must never ignre varius traffic regulatins.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用连接词what引导。故将which改为what。
The example I frequently share with teens is the questin f which ne will d if he is pushed int a deep lake.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】在名词性从句中which和what都为连接词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“的事物”。故将which改为what。
【易错点】4. 宾语从句中时态的误用
(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
①He says that he studies at schl frm Mnday t Friday.
他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。
②I knw that she didn't tell yu that she wuld g t America next mnth.
我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。
(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。
④The by said that they wuld g t Shanghai.
那个男孩说他们要去上海。
⑤My mther asked me if I was reading the bk Gne with the Wind when he came in.
妈妈问我她进来时我是否在读《乱世佳人》这本书。
(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
⑥As a child, I was tld that the mn has n light f its wn.
孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光。
3．表示“要求，建议，命令；坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“shuld＋d”，其中shuld可以省略
①The bss rdered that the task (shuld) be cmpleted by nn.(宾语从句)
老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。
②The dctr's advice is that I (shuld) rest mre and drink mre.(表语从句)
医生建议我多休息、多喝水。
③It was prpsed that this matter (shuld) be discussed at the next meeting.(主语从句)
有人提议这事在下次会议上讨论。
④The bss refused the demand that she (shuld) d the wrk alne.(同位语从句)
老板拒绝了她单独做那项工作的请求。
【易错点】5. wh-ever和n matter wh-的的误用
whever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而n matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。
①I will give this dictinary t whever wins the first prize in the English cntest.(宾语从句)
我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。
②Whever/N matter wh wins the first prize in the English cntest, I will give this dictinary t him.(状语从句)
不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他。
限时练 单句语法填空
①The ant stpped t see ________ had bit him, and the dve immediately flew away.
②—Henry, can yu g t the cncert tnight?
—I'm afraid I can't. I will give the ticket t ________ wants t enjy it.
③Since I was a child, I have wanted t be an authr. That is ________ I have studied OnlineJurnalism with fcus n OnlinePublic Relatins in the last three years.
④Passin is passin and it desn't matter ________ it's directed. Exactly, it can be cins r sprts r plitics.
⑤________ glf was first played in Sctland in the 15th century is generally agreed.
⑥After investigatin, the plice fund ut ne clue ________ vices were heard calling fr help frm sme very distant place that day.
⑦What the dctrs really dubt is ________ my mther will recver frm the serius illness sn.
答案：①what ②whever ③why/fr which ④where
⑤That ⑥that ⑦whether
真题实战
I.单句填空
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. ____56____is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we humans are.
2. （2020年江苏卷）It is nt a prblem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter f time.
A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where
3. （2020年天津卷）The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true __________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where
4. （2020年浙江卷）Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
5.（2019年江苏卷）Scientists have btained mre evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where
6.（2019年新课标I卷）While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
7.（2019年北京卷）What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
8.【2018年北京】Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be _________ we are nw.
A. hw B. when C. where D. why
9. （2018年北京）This is _________ my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
A. hw B. which C. that D. what
10.（2018年天津）The gld medal will be awarded ___________t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. whereverC. whever D. whatever
11.(2018年江苏) By bat is the nly way t get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. whenC. why D. hw
12.(2017年北京) Every year, ______ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whever C. whmever D. whichever
13.(2017年北京）Jane mved aimlessly dwn the tree-lined street, nt knwing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. hw D. when
14.（2017年江苏） We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20, half f _______ it used t charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. hw
15.（2017年天津）She asked me _______ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
16.（安徽皖优联盟2022-2023高三上学期联考）____64___ really sets Hua apart frm any average cllege student is her amazing learning ability.
17.（北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期考试）The city's weather bureau advised residents t stay indrs as much as pssible, while experts are wrking t find ut ____13____ the sandstrm came int being.
18.(2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模) It desn’t matter hw skilled a designer is if they cannt build____12____they design. It is the cmmn labrer and skilled tradesman that des that, and when it needs repair r rebuilding, it is the skilled tradesman that des that. Sure, tday’s EV vehicles are great____13____the designer can’t assemble them r fix them.
19.(湖南省株洲市第四中学2022-2023学年上学期阶段性测试) Just remember that it is cmpletely nrmal t struggle ____42____ the stress that parent-child tensins create, and ____43____ yu and yur parents can wrk tgether t imprve yur relatinship.
20.（2022年河南新乡模拟语法填空）Her 1957 flight paved the way fr space explanatin when scientists wndered____33____it was lethal (致命的) fr living things.
【答案】1.What 2.A 3.B 4.what 5.B 6.that 7.where 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.B
13.B 14.C 15.C 16.what 17.hw/why 18.what 19.why 20.whether
II. 语篇填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
(山西省晋城市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第五次调研考试)
Gu Ailing, ____41____ is brn t an American father and a Chinese mther , decided t cmpete fr China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June,2019.
Since then, the magical girl ____42____(attract) many peple’s attentin and has been expected t be the next super sprts star in China.
With the Winter Olympics ____43____ (g) n, it turns ut that Gu Ailing did live up t the expectatins and achieved gd grades with tw glds and ne silver. At the same time, her ____44____ (academy) excellence is als knwn t the public.
Peple say that Gu Ailing is ____45____ genius, but Gu says that talent accunted fr “nly ne percent”f her wins, adding that her hard wrk is ____46____ really cunts. While ging t schl in San Francisc, Gu culd nly practice n weekdays. She spent eight hurs ging t the ski hill and back, ding her hmewrk n the way and making full use f her time ____47____ (practice) skiing.
When it cmes t the reasn ____48____ ski-lving, Gu says that skiing gives her freedm and ____49____ (creative), especially when she ____50____ (perfect) cntrls her bdy and des tricks that thers can’t d. Thrugh telling her wn stries, Gu hpes t encurage mre Chinese girls t try skiing and ther extreme sprts.
【答案】
wh 42．has attracted 43．ging 44．academic 45．a 46．what 47．t practice 48．fr 49．creativity 50．Perfectly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年的冬奥会的中国运动员——谷爱凌。
考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。2019年6月，她决定代表中国参加2022年冬奥会。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Gu Ailing，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，这个神奇的女孩吸引了很多人的注意，并被期待成为中国下一个超级体育明星。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语since then，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为the magical girl，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has attracted。
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着冬奥会的进行，谷爱凌果然不负众望，取得了不错的成绩，获得了两金一银。分析句子的结构可知，“with+宾语+宾补”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语the Winter Olympics和g n之间为主动关系，应用现在分词的形式。故填ging。
考查形容词。句意：与此同时，她的学术成就也为公众所知。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词。故填academic。
考查冠词。句意：人们说谷爱凌是天才，但谷爱凌说，才华只占她成功的1%，她的努力才是最重要的。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，且genius发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
Peple say that Gu Ailing is ____45____ genius, but Gu says that talent accunted fr “nly ne percent”f her wins, adding that her hard wrk is ____46____ really cunts. 考查连接词。句意见上题解析。设空处引导表语从句且在句中作指物的主语，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了8个小时往返滑雪山，在路上做作业，并充分利用她的时间练习滑雪。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语use sth t d sth运用某物做某事，故设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填t practice。
考查介词。句意：谈到热爱滑雪的原因时，谷爱凌说滑雪给了她自由和创造力。固定短语the reasn fr…，…的原因。故填fr。
考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处和and前的名词freedm并列，应用名词的形式。故填creativity。
考查副词。句意：特别是当她能完美地控制自己的身体，并做出别人做不到的动作时。设空处应为副词的形式，修饰空后的动词cntrl。故填perfectly。
(四川省成都石室中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考)
I dn’t ften lse things and I’m especially careful with mney, s I was quite surprised when I reached ____61____ my wallet and it wasn’t there. At first, I thught it was pssible that I might have left it at hme. Then I remembered ____62____ (take) it ut t pay fr the taxi. I knew I had it with me just befre I walked int the restaurant. I wndered if it was pssible that it might have slipped ut f my pcket while I was eating dinner. Thinking abut that pssibility, I turned and walked back t the table ____63____ I had been sitting.
____64____ (frtune), there were several ther peple sitting at the table at the time. I culdn’t help but ____65____ (call) a waiter fr help. I explained t him that my wallet ____66____ (fall) ut f my pcket while I was sitting at the table a few minutes ____67____ (early). I had the waiter g ver t the table t see if my wallet was n the flr. While the waiter was lking fr it, the manager came up t me and asked me if anything was wrng. I tld him what had happened. After hearing my ____68____ (explain), he insisted that I ____69____ (reprt) it t the plice. I tld him that I didn’t want t get the plice included in it. Besides, I was in a hurry because I had ____70____ appintment with my dctr in just a few minutes. I explained t him that my biggest wrry at the mment was hw I was ging t pay the check. He tld me nt t wrry abut that. He had me write dwn my name and address. And he said he wuld send me the bill.
【答案】
fr 62．taking##having taken 63．where 64．Unfrtunately 65．call 66．fell##had fallen 67．earlier 68．explanatin 69．shuld reprt/reprt 70．An
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己丢失钱包的经历。
【详解】1. 考查介词。句意：我不经常丢东西，而且我对钱特别小心，所以当我伸手去拿钱包的时候，我很惊讶钱包不在那里。短语：reach fr... 表示“伸手去摸……”之意，此处指我伸手去拿钱包，故填fr。
考查非谓语。句意：这时我想起来把它拿出去付出租车费。remember ding/having dne sth. 表示“记起曾经做过某事（这件事已经做了）”，所以此处用taking/having taken ，故填taking/having taken 。
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到这种可能性，我转身走回我刚才坐的那张桌子。分析可知，空后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为table，空处指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
考查副词。句意：不幸的是，当时还有几个人坐在桌旁。空处在句中为状语，所以用副词；根据句中“there were several ther peple sitting at the table at the time”，可知，此处意味着发生了不好的事情，副词unfrtunately位于句首，意为“非常不幸地”，故填Unfrtunately。
考查固定结构。句意：我只能叫了服务员来帮忙。固定结构： can’t help but d... 意为“不得不做……”。所以空处用动词原形call，故填call。
考查时态。句意：我向他解释说，几分钟前我坐在桌边时，钱包从口袋里掉了出来。陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时；或者看一看作描述过去之前发生的事，用过去完成时。故填fell/had fallen。
7. 考查比较级。句意同上。结合句意，此处指在作者解释原因的几分钟之前， a few minutes earlier表示“（在当时的）几分钟前”。故填earlier。
8. 考查名词。句意：我告诉他发生了什么事。听了我的解释后，他坚持要我报警。由空格前的my可知，此处用explain的名词形式。故填explanatin。
9. 考查虚拟语气。句意同上。 insist表“建议”时其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用shuld d，shuld可以省略。故填(shuld) reprt。
10. 考查冠词。句意：另外，我很着急，因为几分钟后我就要去看医生了。短语：have/make an appintment with sb. “与某人有约”，appintment的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。
目录
一 命题解读
二 解题关键
三 备考热点
四 四大从句
五 连接词用法
六 名词性从句重点、易错点
七 真题练一练
【命题解读】
名词性从句在阅读理解和完形填空中对于的长难句理解有着至关重要的作用。语法填空和短文改错中也常会考查其基本的用法。对长难句不能理清逻辑关系，容易造成此类试题的失分，应高度重视。
【解题关键】
1.连接词的选择与判断，其中what与that, if与whether是重点；
2.主从句的时态呼应。
【备考热点】
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
连接词用法细分
名词性从句的重点易错点
【2022 高考视角】
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ___42___ she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
2.（2022年全国甲卷短文改错）The disagreement was s sharp that neither he nr I knew what t settle it. One day, he talked with me and hped t mend ur relatins.
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) He saved my sn‘s’ life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw ___45___ t thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
(2022年北京卷语法填空) It’s easy t explain hw we determine ____34____ smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.
【答案】1.whether或if 2.what→hw 3.hw 4.whether
考点一 名词性从句的不同类型
名词性从句是具有名词功能的分句,包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
位置：谓语动词之前
①That yu are cming t Shanghai is the best news I have heard this lng time.
这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来上海。
典例剖析
【2021全国新高考I卷， 语法填空，56】 ______ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：关于这次经历，令人十分惊叹的地方在于那非凡的景色。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的地方”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。
②What matters mst in learning English is enugh practice.
学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。
③When they will cme hasn't been made public.
他们来的时间没有公布。
④It is bvius t the students that they shuld get well prepared fr their future.
显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。
宾语从句
位置：及物动词之后或介词之后
①We must find ut wh did all this.
我们必须查明谁做了这个。
②Tm is a nice by except that he is smetimes late fr schl.
汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。
③I find it necessary that we shuld spend mre time practising spken English.
我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。
④Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
3．表语从句
位置：系动词之后
①The reasn is that he missed the early bus.
原因是他错过了早班车。
②That is where the prblem lies.
那就是问题所在。
③As is knwn t us, China is n lnger what she used t be.
众所周知，中国再也不是从前的样子了。
④One reasn fr her preference fr city life is that she can have easy access t places like stres and restaurants.
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地进入像商店和饭店这样的地方。
4．同位语从句
结构：,名词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
位置：常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, prblem, infrmatin, belief, dubt等之后。
①They made an fficial request that the meeting be pstphned.
他们已经正式请求将会议推迟。
②The prblem whether we shuld cntinue t d the experiment has been slved.
我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。
③Where did yu get the idea that I culdn't cme.
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
[名师点睛] 同位语从句与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。同位语从句常放在feeling， news， dubt， prblem， prmise， idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。
对比：
The news that they had wn the game sn spread ver the whle schl. (同位语从句；that从句是对news内容的具体解释说明；that不作成分)
他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news (that) yu tld me yesterday was really thrilling.(定语从句；that从句对news进行修饰限定；that在从句中作宾语，故可省略)
你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人激动。
限时练 单句填空
①__________________ (毫无疑问) ur team has wn the game.
②Can yu tell me ____________ (我如何能) get t the airprt?
③This is __________________ (我们的问题所在)．
④The news ________________________________ (我们队赢得冠军) encuraged us all greatly.
答案：①There is n dubt that ②hw I can ③where ur prblems lie ④that ur team had wn the champinship
考点二 名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, wh, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever, when, where, why, hw, hw many, hw much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：
1．从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), wh(ever), whm(ever)。通常情况下，which是在语境中有选择范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)。
①What was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was her family.(主语从句，what在从句中作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
②I will give the bk t whever needs it.(宾语从句，whever在从句中作主语)
我要把这本书给真正需要的人。
典例剖析
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ___42___ she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
【答案】whether或if
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
2．从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用when, where, why, hw, hw many/much等带有语义的连接词。
①Sme students even have n idea why they are studying, s they waste much time playing.(同位语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作原因状语)
一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。
②She always thinks f hw she can wrk well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3．从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词that。
①He gave us a suggestin that we shuld practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)
他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。
考点三 名词性从句的重点、易错点
【易错点】1. that与what的误用
(1)(×) That caused the accident is still a cmplete mystery.
(√) What caused the accident is still a cmplete mystery.
[名师点睛] 主语从句缺少主语，语意为“什么”，故用what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语。句意：什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。
(2)(×) Befre the sales start, I make a list f that my kids will need fr the cming seasn.
(√) Befre the sales start, I make a list f what my kids will need fr the cming seasn.
【名师点睛】宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语，且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。 造成以上错误主要是因为对that和what的语法功能区别不清。其区别如下：
【解题关键】that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较：
It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.
很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。
I will d what I can （此处省略d）t help him.
我将尽力帮他。
1．that不可省略的情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。
①That he failed in the exam made his parents disappinted.
他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。
(2)that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。
②The truth is that I didn't g there.
事实是我没有去那里。
③The news that yu tld me yesterday was really disappinting.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。
(3)当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。
④They share little in cmmn except that they are frm the same cuntry.
除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。
(4)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的that不可省略。
⑤I believe (that) yu've dne yur best and that things will get better.
我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。
(5)当it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。
⑥He has made it clear that he will nt give in.
他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。
(6)当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时，that通常不可省略。
⑦He annunced, believe it r nt, that he wuld never frgive her.
信不信由你，他宣布他绝不会原谅她。
【易错点】2. that与whether的误用
典例剖析 改错
I’m glad t hear if yu’re cming t Sichuan in August.
【答案】if改为that或去掉if
【解析】 hear 后为宾语从句，句意：我听说你要来，而非我听说你是否要来，故讲if改为that或去掉if。
whether与if的用法
a.表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；
b.当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的r时，必须用whether；
c.与r nt直接连用时，也必须用whether。
①Whether the meeting will be held is still a prblem.(主语从句放于句首)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
→The prblem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)
问题是是否将举行会议。
→I have n idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
我不知道是否将举行会议。
②It is dubtful whether/if he will cme here.(主语从句放于句末)
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定的区别。
a．在及物动词后
(×)I dn't care whether he desn't cme.(whether从句中不能用否定式)
(√)I dn't care whether he cmes r nt.
(√)I dn't knw whether t g there.(whether＋t d)
b．在介词后
在介词后常用whether，不用if。
It depends n whether yu can d the wrk well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
【易错点】3. which与that, what的误用
典例剖析 改错
Hwever, which matters mst is that everyne must never ignre varius traffic regulatins.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用连接词what引导。故将which改为what。
The example I frequently share with teens is the questin f which ne will d if he is pushed int a deep lake.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】在名词性从句中which和what都为连接词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“的事物”。故将which改为what。
【易错点】4. 宾语从句中时态的误用
(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
①He says that he studies at schl frm Mnday t Friday.
他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。
②I knw that she didn't tell yu that she wuld g t America next mnth.
我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。
(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。
④The by said that they wuld g t Shanghai.
那个男孩说他们要去上海。
⑤My mther asked me if I was reading the bk Gne with the Wind when he came in.
妈妈问我她进来时我是否在读《乱世佳人》这本书。
(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
⑥As a child, I was tld that the mn has n light f its wn.
孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光。
3．表示“要求，建议，命令；坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“shuld＋d”，其中shuld可以省略
①The bss rdered that the task (shuld) be cmpleted by nn.(宾语从句)
老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。
②The dctr's advice is that I (shuld) rest mre and drink mre.(表语从句)
医生建议我多休息、多喝水。
③It was prpsed that this matter (shuld) be discussed at the next meeting.(主语从句)
有人提议这事在下次会议上讨论。
④The bss refused the demand that she (shuld) d the wrk alne.(同位语从句)
老板拒绝了她单独做那项工作的请求。
【易错点】5. wh-ever和n matter wh-的的误用
whever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而n matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。
①I will give this dictinary t whever wins the first prize in the English cntest.(宾语从句)
我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。
②Whever/N matter wh wins the first prize in the English cntest, I will give this dictinary t him.(状语从句)
不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他。
限时练 单句语法填空
①The ant stpped t see ________ had bit him, and the dve immediately flew away.
②—Henry, can yu g t the cncert tnight?
—I'm afraid I can't. I will give the ticket t ________ wants t enjy it.
③Since I was a child, I have wanted t be an authr. That is ________ I have studied OnlineJurnalism with fcus n OnlinePublic Relatins in the last three years.
④Passin is passin and it desn't matter ________ it's directed. Exactly, it can be cins r sprts r plitics.
⑤________ glf was first played in Sctland in the 15th century is generally agreed.
⑥After investigatin, the plice fund ut ne clue ________ vices were heard calling fr help frm sme very distant place that day.
⑦What the dctrs really dubt is ________ my mther will recver frm the serius illness sn.
答案：①what ②whever ③why/fr which ④where
⑤That ⑥that ⑦whether
真题实战
I.单句填空
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. ____56____is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we humans are.
2. （2020年江苏卷）It is nt a prblem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter f time.
A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where
3. （2020年天津卷）The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true __________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where
4. （2020年浙江卷）Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
5.（2019年江苏卷）Scientists have btained mre evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where
6.（2019年新课标I卷）While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
7.（2019年北京卷）What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
8.【2018年北京】Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be _________ we are nw.
A. hw B. when C. where D. why
9. （2018年北京）This is _________ my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
A. hw B. which C. that D. what
10.（2018年天津）The gld medal will be awarded ___________t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. whereverC. whever D. whatever
11.(2018年江苏) By bat is the nly way t get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. whenC. why D. hw
12.(2017年北京) Every year, ______ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whever C. whmever D. whichever
13.(2017年北京）Jane mved aimlessly dwn the tree-lined street, nt knwing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. hw D. when
14.（2017年江苏） We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20, half f _______ it used t charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. hw
15.（2017年天津）She asked me _______ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
16.（安徽皖优联盟2022-2023高三上学期联考）____64___ really sets Hua apart frm any average cllege student is her amazing learning ability.
17.（北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期考试）The city's weather bureau advised residents t stay indrs as much as pssible, while experts are wrking t find ut ____13____ the sandstrm came int being.
18.(2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模) It desn’t matter hw skilled a designer is if they cannt build____12____they design. It is the cmmn labrer and skilled tradesman that des that, and when it needs repair r rebuilding, it is the skilled tradesman that des that. Sure, tday’s EV vehicles are great____13____the designer can’t assemble them r fix them.
19.(湖南省株洲市第四中学2022-2023学年上学期阶段性测试) Just remember that it is cmpletely nrmal t struggle ____42____ the stress that parent-child tensins create, and ____43____ yu and yur parents can wrk tgether t imprve yur relatinship.
20.（2022年河南新乡模拟语法填空）Her 1957 flight paved the way fr space explanatin when scientists wndered____33____it was lethal (致命的) fr living things.
【答案】1.What 2.A 3.B 4.what 5.B 6.that 7.where 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.B
13.B 14.C 15.C 16.what 17.hw/why 18.what 19.why 20.whether
II. 语篇填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
(山西省晋城市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第五次调研考试)
Gu Ailing, ____41____ is brn t an American father and a Chinese mther , decided t cmpete fr China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June,2019.
Since then, the magical girl ____42____(attract) many peple’s attentin and has been expected t be the next super sprts star in China.
With the Winter Olympics ____43____ (g) n, it turns ut that Gu Ailing did live up t the expectatins and achieved gd grades with tw glds and ne silver. At the same time, her ____44____ (academy) excellence is als knwn t the public.
Peple say that Gu Ailing is ____45____ genius, but Gu says that talent accunted fr “nly ne percent”f her wins, adding that her hard wrk is ____46____ really cunts. While ging t schl in San Francisc, Gu culd nly practice n weekdays. She spent eight hurs ging t the ski hill and back, ding her hmewrk n the way and making full use f her time ____47____ (practice) skiing.
When it cmes t the reasn ____48____ ski-lving, Gu says that skiing gives her freedm and ____49____ (creative), especially when she ____50____ (perfect) cntrls her bdy and des tricks that thers can’t d. Thrugh telling her wn stries, Gu hpes t encurage mre Chinese girls t try skiing and ther extreme sprts.
【答案】
wh 42．has attracted 43．ging 44．academic 45．a 46．what 47．t practice 48．fr 49．creativity 50．Perfectly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年的冬奥会的中国运动员——谷爱凌。
考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。2019年6月，她决定代表中国参加2022年冬奥会。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Gu Ailing，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，这个神奇的女孩吸引了很多人的注意，并被期待成为中国下一个超级体育明星。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语since then，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为the magical girl，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has attracted。
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着冬奥会的进行，谷爱凌果然不负众望，取得了不错的成绩，获得了两金一银。分析句子的结构可知，“with+宾语+宾补”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语the Winter Olympics和g n之间为主动关系，应用现在分词的形式。故填ging。
考查形容词。句意：与此同时，她的学术成就也为公众所知。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词。故填academic。
考查冠词。句意：人们说谷爱凌是天才，但谷爱凌说，才华只占她成功的1%，她的努力才是最重要的。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，且genius发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
Peple say that Gu Ailing is ____45____ genius, but Gu says that talent accunted fr “nly ne percent”f her wins, adding that her hard wrk is ____46____ really cunts. 考查连接词。句意见上题解析。设空处引导表语从句且在句中作指物的主语，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了8个小时往返滑雪山，在路上做作业，并充分利用她的时间练习滑雪。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语use sth t d sth运用某物做某事，故设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填t practice。
考查介词。句意：谈到热爱滑雪的原因时，谷爱凌说滑雪给了她自由和创造力。固定短语the reasn fr…，…的原因。故填fr。
考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处和and前的名词freedm并列，应用名词的形式。故填creativity。
考查副词。句意：特别是当她能完美地控制自己的身体，并做出别人做不到的动作时。设空处应为副词的形式，修饰空后的动词cntrl。故填perfectly。
(四川省成都石室中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考)
I dn’t ften lse things and I’m especially careful with mney, s I was quite surprised when I reached ____61____ my wallet and it wasn’t there. At first, I thught it was pssible that I might have left it at hme. Then I remembered ____62____ (take) it ut t pay fr the taxi. I knew I had it with me just befre I walked int the restaurant. I wndered if it was pssible that it might have slipped ut f my pcket while I was eating dinner. Thinking abut that pssibility, I turned and walked back t the table ____63____ I had been sitting.
____64____ (frtune), there were several ther peple sitting at the table at the time. I culdn’t help but ____65____ (call) a waiter fr help. I explained t him that my wallet ____66____ (fall) ut f my pcket while I was sitting at the table a few minutes ____67____ (early). I had the waiter g ver t the table t see if my wallet was n the flr. While the waiter was lking fr it, the manager came up t me and asked me if anything was wrng. I tld him what had happened. After hearing my ____68____ (explain), he insisted that I ____69____ (reprt) it t the plice. I tld him that I didn’t want t get the plice included in it. Besides, I was in a hurry because I had ____70____ appintment with my dctr in just a few minutes. I explained t him that my biggest wrry at the mment was hw I was ging t pay the check. He tld me nt t wrry abut that. He had me write dwn my name and address. And he said he wuld send me the bill.
【答案】
fr 62．taking##having taken 63．where 64．Unfrtunately 65．call 66．fell##had fallen 67．earlier 68．explanatin 69．shuld reprt/reprt 70．An
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己丢失钱包的经历。
【详解】1. 考查介词。句意：我不经常丢东西，而且我对钱特别小心，所以当我伸手去拿钱包的时候，我很惊讶钱包不在那里。短语：reach fr... 表示“伸手去摸……”之意，此处指我伸手去拿钱包，故填fr。
考查非谓语。句意：这时我想起来把它拿出去付出租车费。remember ding/having dne sth. 表示“记起曾经做过某事（这件事已经做了）”，所以此处用taking/having taken ，故填taking/having taken 。
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到这种可能性，我转身走回我刚才坐的那张桌子。分析可知，空后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为table，空处指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
考查副词。句意：不幸的是，当时还有几个人坐在桌旁。空处在句中为状语，所以用副词；根据句中“there were several ther peple sitting at the table at the time”，可知，此处意味着发生了不好的事情，副词unfrtunately位于句首，意为“非常不幸地”，故填Unfrtunately。
考查固定结构。句意：我只能叫了服务员来帮忙。固定结构： can’t help but d... 意为“不得不做……”。所以空处用动词原形call，故填call。
考查时态。句意：我向他解释说，几分钟前我坐在桌边时，钱包从口袋里掉了出来。陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时；或者看一看作描述过去之前发生的事，用过去完成时。故填fell/had fallen。
7. 考查比较级。句意同上。结合句意，此处指在作者解释原因的几分钟之前， a few minutes earlier表示“（在当时的）几分钟前”。故填earlier。
8. 考查名词。句意：我告诉他发生了什么事。听了我的解释后，他坚持要我报警。由空格前的my可知，此处用explain的名词形式。故填explanatin。
9. 考查虚拟语气。句意同上。 insist表“建议”时其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用shuld d，shuld可以省略。故填(shuld) reprt。
10. 考查冠词。句意：另外，我很着急，因为几分钟后我就要去看医生了。短语：have/make an appintment with sb. “与某人有约”，appintment的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。
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