2023届上海市普陀区高中英语一模卷及答案（不含听力）

2023届上海市普陀区高中一模

英 语 试 题

考生注意:

1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择

题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上- -律不得分.

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指

定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名.

第I卷(共100分)

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. A waiter.   B. A butcher.   C. An agent.   D.A businessman.

2. A. In a theatre.  B. In a library.   C. In a supermarket. D. In a museum.

3. A. It is satisfactory.  B. It is well decorated.  C. It is disappointing. D. It is inconvenient.

4. A. On July 7th.  B. On July 8th.  C. On July 9th.  D. On July 10th.

5. A. She found no one on the stage.

B. She could hardly find her seat.

C. She wasn't interested in the show.

D. She didn't get a favorable seat.

6. A. The man often eats out for breakfast.

B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.

C. The man doesn't eat breakfast.

D. The cafeteria doesn't serve lunch.

7. A. Selling onions.  

B. Planting vegetables.

C. Cooking a meal.

D. Picking tomatoes.

8. A. It is a hot and smoggy day.

B. There's a traffic jam on Broadway Street.

C. The man is reading the news on air.

D. A vehicle is polluting the air seriously.

9. A. The movie is good except the bad ending.

B. The movie won an award.

C. She agrees with the man's comments.

D. She doesn't like the special effects.

10. A. Working hard.

B. Refusing the job offer.

C. Expecting another chance.

D. Finding an ideal job.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After

each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the

passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.

11. A. 13.    B. 31.   C. 113.   D. 131.

12. A. More women will win awards than men in the future.

B. Bettozzi is the first woman to win the Nobel Chemistry Prize.

C. Inequality in the Nobel Prize selection process is decreasing.

D. Two Danish scientists have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

13. A. Nobel's life story.

B. Three Nobel Chemistry Prize winners.

C. The Nobel Chemistry Prize.

D. The voting process for the Nobel Prize.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. Helping you heal a broken heart.

B. Helping you live in your own world.

C. Helping you cure all kinds of diseases.

D. Helping you connect others for comfort.

15. A. It is impossible to heal with sad music.

B. Heartache is curable even without sad music.

C. Listening to sad music stimulates the desire to contact others.

D. When you feel sad, listening to sad music will lift your mood.

16. A. Sad people should not listen to sad music.

B. Sad music can help you recover from a broken heart.

C. You can listen to sad music when you are sad.

D. Listening to sad music has great effect on mood.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. Classmates.

B. Schoolmates.

C. Roommates.

D. Brother and sister.

18. A. She has to write an essay at the library.

B. She has to go to the library and meet her teacher there.

C. She has to return her books to the library today.

D. She has to look for some books at the library.

19. A. He'll be late for the swimming class.

B. He hasn't swum for almost three years.

C. He'll have a mid-term exam next month.

D. He finished his paper three weeks ago.

20. A. His paper needs to be revised.

B. The ideas in the essay are very inventive.

C. His teacher helped him finish his essay.

D. His paper has been done for 3 weeks.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Big Sister's Wedding

Three days before the wedding, Grand Aunt personally entrusted a special small package for Aunt Baba to hand to Big Sister. On (21)______(open) the elegant leather case in Aunt Baba's room, Big Sister found a lovely pendant (吊坠) made of ancient green jade hanging on a heavy gold chain. She immediately put it on and breathed with pleasure while she admired (22) ______ in the mirror. Then she begged Aunt Baba and me not to mention Grand Aunt's gift to a soul, obviously intending to keep the pendant (23) ______ telling Niang.

The wedding was a formal and brilliant affair with a ceremonial dinner party for five hundred in the grand ballroom on the ninth floor of the Cathay Hotel, (24) ______(situate) at the border of he Bund and fashionable Nanjing Road and overlooking the Huangpu River. The room (25) ______ (fill) with masses of fresh flowers, and the Chinese character for double happiness was outlined in red blooms against the wall. Big Sister was elegantly dressed in a beautiful pink Qipao and silver shoes (26)______ Samuel wore a tuxedo (燕尾服). Two professional radio comedians acted as masters of ceremonies.

I had nothing to wear but an old pink Qipao (27) ______ had been handed down by Big Sister when she grew out of it. (28) ______ I didn't look particularly nice, at least I didn't stand out and no one noticed me. My three older brothers, however, were having a horrible time. For this special occasion, Father ordered them (29)(have)fresh hair-cuts. My brothers' heads were shaved cleanly, so not a trace of hair (30) ______(remain). They were wearing dark -blue, traditional, long Chinese clothes with high collars and cloth buttons. I thought the brothers would make a lot of unexpected things on the Big Sister's wedding.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Inevitable Plastics Revolution

The Guardian once called plastic "Man's worst invention". One of the lesser-known uses of plastic is to reduce carbon emissions. For example, plastics make vehicles lighter thereby increasing their (31)_______; it also increases the shelf life of foods, reducing food waste and the need to transport more. So plastics have an important role to play in creating a (32) _______ future.

Currently that isn't the case. Of the 24.5 million tons of plastic waste (33) _______ in Europe

each year, only 14 per cent is recycled. The rest is burned, buried or lost on land or at sea. Indeed, the European plastics industry emits 95 million tons of CO2 each year, about 3.7 per cent of total (34) _______.  One-third of this comes from the burning of waste plastics.

That has to change, says Marc, one of the world's leading chemicals and plastics manufacturers. "With a (35) _______ population, we need to find a way to make better use of our resources. "In (36) _______ with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology, it wants to (37) _______ the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic that is recycled while also reducing carbon emissions. The approach will change the way we make plastic.

Today most plastic is made from petrochemicals, using processes (38) _______ by fossil fuels. While a great deal is thrown away, a large proportion of plastics waste can be collected and sent to be (39) _______ recycled. This involves washing, drying and grinding the material, then heating and (40) _______ it into a new product. But at no stage is the chemical structure of the plastic changed.

In order to reduce pollution, the plastics manufacturing sector needs technological innovation.

II. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

What do you know about fashion? The fashion industry, which has become one of the most 41_______ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just 42_______ in the wash? In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.

A friend of mine 43_______ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is. 44_______, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps (碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the 45_______ in Victorian Britain. A century on, 46_______ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all 47_______ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.

The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most 48 on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in 49_______ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement - even from within the industry -that it is time to 50_______. Otherwise, "Fast fashion" creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.

“The fashion industry represents a key environmental 51_______,” says Kirsi Niinimaki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland." Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry 52_______ the total abandonment of the fast fashion model. "Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant 53_______ on the cheap.

One wonders: What can we do about it? Don't you have any clothes on? It's not that

54_______. More importantly, don't waste, learn to control your desires and 55_______ falling into this "Fast fashion" lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the "Fast fashion" industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced "over consumption" will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.

41. A. convincing   B. interesting   C. confusing   D. damaging

42. A. carry out   B. come out   C. set out   D. break out

43. A. builds    B. runs    C. supports   D. controls

44. A. expensive   B. useless   C. worthless   D. attractive

45. A. businessmen  B. children   C. locals    D. masses

46. A. little     B. few    C. much    D. many

47. A. on behalf of   B. in the form of  C. for the sake of  D.in terms of

48. A. effective   B. destructive   C. preventive   D. alternative

49. A. quarrel    B. argument   C. fight    D. conflict

50. A. tell the truth   B. hit the brakes  C. pave the way  D. break the ice

51. A. threat    B. effect    C. problem   D. protection

52. A. results from   B. consists of   C. brings about  D. relies on

53. A. ambition   B. action    C. satisfaction   D. attraction

54. A. far     B. extreme   C. bad    D. complex

55. A. enjoy    B. imagine   C. miss    D. avoid

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest, daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens. Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.

Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. "There are a lot of changes a teen goes through," said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence." Crowley said, "there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen's body." Because of this complex conflict, RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention that targets the circadian (昼夜节律的) system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.

To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up for sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime, like limiting certain after-school activities.

Researchers were able to shift the teens' bedtime by an hour and a half earlier, and their total sleep time increased by approximately an hour. "The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier," Crowley said. "And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn't need to be shifted any earlier. They just needed the behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration. "The researchers also found the teens in the intervention group were less tired, and less angry, and they exhibited better concentration. The students' morning attention improved as well.

56. According to the author, what's the major sleeping problem in teens?

A. Most teens' circadian clocks have changed.

B. Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.

C. Too much sleep affects teens' academic performance.

D. Teens have to get more sleep in order to go to school.

57. What's the author's purpose of mentioning two competing forces?

A. To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.

B. To emphasize the significance of teens' night-time routine.

C. To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sleep.

D. To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.

58. What can we learn about the bright light therapy?

A. It makes teens go through many different changes.

B. It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.

C. It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.

D. It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.

59. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Teens' Sleeping Time

B. Helping Teens Get More Sleep

C. Experiment on Teens' Behavior

D. Improving Teens' Concentration

(B)

60. What's the passage mainly about?

A. News on teaching.

B. News on creativity.

C. News on technology.

D. News on caffeine.

61. Which headline as follows is suitable for Mar.14,2022?

A. More Methods Help You Creative

B. Many Ways Help You Succeed

C. Anyone Can Be Creative

D. Everyone Can Be Stimulated

62. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Highly creative people work differently than others.

B. Anyone can find inspiration and new ways to create.

C. Encouraging kids to help others is a sign of creativity.

D. A new neuroimaging study leads to human creativity.

(C)

Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index(LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London(ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles(爬行动物) and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31 ,82 I populations of 5230 vertebrate(脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature," he says.

Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America Amazon pink river dolphin seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching(偷猎).

In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that's coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals'”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers are critical of the LPI's use of a headline figure of decline, warning it is easy to be misunderstood.

The findings don't mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations," says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong," says Wright.

63. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean?

A. Loving and protecting nature.

B. Preserving the diversity of nature.

C. Underestimating the benefits of nature.

D. Destroying and changing nature.

64. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ______.

A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise

B. freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinction

C. there are no positive measures to protect nature

D. some of the world's wild animals are in decline

65. What can we learn about people's response to the issue mentioned in the passage?

A. It makes sense to focus on a particular species.

B. Preventing the loss of habitats by 2030 is certain to happen.

C. New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.

D. The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.

66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework

B. Wildlife Population Declining Sharply

C. Urgent Action to Save the Earth

D. Correct Interpretation of LPI

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Engaging in Family Meals

Engaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home. A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together, and not in front of a television. The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. 67______

“It's important to note all family members in the home have influence," lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. 68______ The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid's weight, also called “weight talk."

“While open communication with children about health is beneficial, it's important to ensure communication directly about children's weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors. That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors," Professor Pratt said. 69______ As kids grow up, the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.

70______ “Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight," Professor Pratt said.

IV. Summary Writing

71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Graduates Turn to Teaching

China has witnessed a 66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade, and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs. According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education, the number of applicants for teaching exams each year has grown from 172,000 to 11.44 million in the past decade.

Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers' salaries and status within society, and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. However, another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.

Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, said the popularity of teaching posts is closely associated with people's changing perception of the economic situation, job stability and security, which are major concerns for graduates.

In view of the coronavirus epidemic(新冠病毒) in recent years, many college graduates just want a stable job, so teaching suddenly becomes a very popular profession, and many students from well-known universities have joined the competition. Of course, everyone has their own ideas. Take Wang Lin for example. Wang Lin, who graduated from a famous university, said she had wanted to be a history teacher since middle school, inspired by her own history teacher. She added she had a good impression of her teachers from an early age and was grateful to those who had taught her. In fact, there are many such cases.

While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China, landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.今天的香肠炒饭闻起来很香,我都流口水了。(smell)

73. 公司做出一些重大决定,可能直接影响到员工的经济收入。(which)

74. 我们党带领人民攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题，办成了许多事关长远的大事。

(accomplish)

75. 电影《万里归途》(10,000 Miles Back)改编自真实事件,首次揭秘手无寸铁的中国外交官

是如何用智慧和沟通扭转局面，带领华侨安全回家的故事。(base)

VI. Guided Writing

76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according 10 the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是启明中学高三学生王华，你校学生会将组织- -次“品上海”的活动，已在学校官网上发布方案，征求全体学生的意见。你需要写一封邮件，包含以下两点:

1.提出你觉得需要改进的地方:

2.需要改进的原因。

参考答案

Listening

略

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

21. opening

22. herself

23. without

24. situated

25. was filled

26. and/while

27. Which/that

28. Although/Though

29. to have

30. remained

31.F  32. I  33.A  34. K 35. G 36. C 37. J  38.E               39. H              40. D

III. Reading Comprehension

41. D 42.B  43.B  44. C 45.D  46.C  47. B 48. B              49. D              50. B

51.A  52. D 53. C 54. C 55. D 56.B  57.A  58.D               59.B                            60.B

61.C  62. C 63. B 64. B 65.A  66.B  67.B  68. E              69.C                            70. D

IV. Summary Writing

China has witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade. The sharp increase is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. What's more practical reason is the challenging and complicated employment situation. Passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China.

V. Translation

72. Today's sausages fried rice smells so delicious that my mouth is watering.

73. Companies made some big decisions, which can directly affect employees' financial earnings.

74. Our Party has led the people in overcoming many difficult problems that have remained unsolved for a long time, and in accomplishing many important tasks concerning the long term.

75. Based on a true story, the film “10,000 Miles Back" reveals for the first time how unarmed Chinese diplomats used their intelligence and communication to turn the tide and bring overseas Chinese home safely.

VI. Guided Writing

Dear Sir/Madam,

I'm really excited to hear that an activity named “Taste Shanghai" will be held from 7:00 am to 18:00 pm on January 2nd, 2023. However, there may be further improvement of the scheme you've posted on the campus website, as I'd like to point out.

First of all, as participants, we need to know where should we meet. In the meantime, we are willing to have a clearer picture of security precautions and necessary medical support for the activity. Only by doing so are you likely to make it a success. What's more, in addition to visiting the “former Residence of Chen Yun", “Zhujiajiao Ancient Town" and “Qingxi Suburban Wild Park", I suggest that the activities of tasting special food and tasting special culture can be included. By appreciating the local culture, we can gain a deeper insight into the prosperity of our city.

I hope that my voice above can be heard and considered and wish the activity a great success.

Yours sincerely,

Wang Hua