2023届山东省济宁市高三下学期高考模拟考试（一模）英语试题含解析

2023届山东省济宁市高考一模

英语试题

一、阅读理解

“I was sleeping on the street for nine days. If it weren’t for Crisis, I might have died,” said Eddie, who was a chef for years, working in luxurious hotels in London. He lost his job and his health declined. He spent all his savings on rent and was forced to leave his home when they ran out.

He stayed with a friend, but it was crowded, and his friend eventually asked him to leave. Eddie found out about Crisis by chance and was referred to a Crisis at Christmas hotel.

Eddie was given a Crisis coach, who supported him in finding somewhere to live and he was given a phone, which he used to look for work. Eddie is settled in his new home. His health condition is much better and he is looking forward to the future.

Right now thousands of people at the sharp end of poverty are being pushed into homelessness. People are being left with no options than to go without basics like food, heating or keeping a roof over their heads.

Please donate today to end someone’s homelessness and support to leave homelessness behind for good.

·£10 monthly could provide a warm welcome and help someone take their first stepsout of homelessness.

·£32 monthly could help fund one-to-one specialist coaching in housing, benefits, well-being and work.

·£64 monthly could help fund one of our support workers to assist someone trapped in temporary accommodation in looking for affordable and settled housing.

·£100 monthly could buy a household starter kit, filled with essentials someone might not be able to afford, to help them settle into their new home.

Please search ‘Crisis at Christmas’ to make your donation. Here is how:

0800 999 2060            Room 006, Freepost, Crisis at Christmas             Scan the QR code

 with your phone

camera to donate

1．What is Crisis at Christmas?

A．A hotel. B．A health center.

C．An employment agency. D．A charity organization.

2．What difference can you make to a beneficiary with a donation of £32 monthly?

A．Helping rent a luxurious house.

B．Helping throw a welcome party.

C．Helping buy household necessities.

D．Helping get personalized guidance.

3．How many ways are there to make a donation?

A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.

Bard, Kinetic (Coffee House Press, 2023) by Anne Waldman, one of the most important living American poets, is a new collection of autobiographical (自传体的) pieces, including published and unpublished essays, correspondence, interviews, and poems from the last 20 years.

Though the origin of the texts and poems is relatively recent, Bard, Kinetic tracks Waldman’s life from her childhood in Greenwich Village to the present. Rather than a memoir (回忆录) , this energetic collection integrates her stories into contexts — literary, political, spiritual, familial.

In Sketch, the first and longest piece in the book, Waldman describes what guided her to poetry from an early age — Her intellectual and artistic parents encouraged her “to read widely, to write, think, talk about it, be curious and critical.” Reading Sketch for its wonderful autobiographical details and the successful moments that run through Waldman’s life is a pleasure. In Interview with Poetas, Madrid 2018, another piece from the book’s second section, she wrote, “We need cultural and humanitarian revolution. We need poetry to remind us of the magic we have had that needs attendance and recharge.” Her voice and vision have a collective width.

Waldman insists on combining art with nearly every aspect of her life. Bard, Kinetic, at all points, a high-energy construct, and at all points, an energy-discharge, puts readers on the path to recognizing poetry as a mental aid, as an action that reaches across geography, species, and time. As she wrote in the book’s preface, she commands herself to “keep pushing for knowledge, study with a deeper investigation and a deeper action. The action, totally necessary”. These are high aims that Waldman has insisted on, tirelessly, her entire life. Waldman shines. Her heart could be our heart.

This new book is best read as a companion of Vow to Poetry (2001), Waldman’s previous collection of interviews and autobiographical essays, which will help readers appreciate this book better.

4．What do we know about Bard, Kinetic by Waldman?

A．It is a memoir. B．It documents her life and work.

C．It is her first collection of poems. D．It is to be issued by Coffee House Press.

5．What’s the purpose of paragraph 3?

A．To add relevant background information.

B．To help readers gain partial insight into the book.

C．To persuade readers to conduct selective reading.

D．To introduce Waldman’s writing styles.

6．What is implied in the underlined sentence “Her heart could be our heart.” in paragraph 4?

A．We should stick to our goals.

B．We should learn poems by heart.

C．We should seek fame and wealth.

D．We should enjoy life to our hearts’ content.

7．What’s the text?

A．A diary entry. B．A news report.

C．A book review. D．An autobiography.

Many important decisions boil down to a choice between keeping the supposed safety and risking going out for a chance at getting something even better. Though risk-taking preferences vary between individuals, research with humans shows that we’re all generally less willing to take risks in situations with more ambiguous（模糊的）outcomes. “The finding should also apply to risk-taking in chimps（黑猩猩）, one of our closest evolutionary（进化的）ancestors,” said Haux, from Max Planck Institute for Human Development.

To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting. In each trial, they chose a ball from one of two pots. One pot was always safe because it contained two balls filled with one peanut each. In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing. In the ambiguous condition, the balls in the second pot still contained two rewards or nothing, but the contents in the pot was entirely invisible to the chimps.

On average, chimps chose the risky pot over the safe pot 55% of the time but chose the ambiguous pot over the safe pot in just 25% of trials. This suggests that chimps, like humans, prefer to avoid situations with ambiguous versus known risks.

“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar dynamics in evolution. While many other factors may influence human risk-taking preferences, the parallels between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptions have helped set a consistent baseline,” Haux said.

Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.

8．Why was the research on risk preference conducted on chimps?

A．To test their intelligence level.

B．To guide them to make wise decisions.

C．To prove the evolutionary consistency.

D．To distinguish each individual’s difference.

9．Which illustrates the risky condition in the experimental setting?

A． B．

C． D．

10．What does the underlined word “parallels” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Conflicts. B．Interactions.

C．Misunderstandings. D．Similarities.

11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The range of the subjects will be extended.

B．Haux is satisfied with the current research.

C．Bonobos are a close evolutionary relative of humans.

D．The research topic will be shifted into another field.

With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon?

The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.

The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.

Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.

Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法)to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.

What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC．The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC．That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.

Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.

12．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．The working principle of UTC．

B．The achievements of space mission.

C．The urgency to develop satellite navigation.

D．The problem of current lunar timing method.

13．What is the major barrier to defining lunar time?

A．Lack of professional guidance.

B．The disagreement among metrologists.

C．Different gravitational pull on the Moon.

D．The complexity of installing master clocks.

14．What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time?

A．Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.

B．Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.

C．Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.

D．Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.

15．What’s the best title of the text?

A．What Time Is It on the Moon?

B．When will Man Settle on the Moon?

C．Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive

D．GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System

二、七选五

STEM vs. STEAM

STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001. Since then, STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States. However, education is a constantly evolving game. ____16____ One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.

The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. ____17____ Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create. Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.

____18____ They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. ____19____ Furthermore, for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers, highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.

While they seem to be opposed, both sides of this argument may have the right idea. ____20____ Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields. Also, the most basic of all children’s toys, wooden blocks, are an incredible example of STEAM exploration. They bring design, geometry, and engineering concepts to our youngest learners, setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.

A．The STEAMers disagree.

B．Actually, science and arts are inseparable.

C．It consistently introduces new theories and practices.

D．Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.

E．Thus, good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.

F．It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.

G．They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.

三、完形填空

One snowy night, a pair of beagles（比格犬）was struggling on a rural highway. The father-to-be looked around anxiously, trying to seek ____21____ for his dear companion. Frequently he would look at her ____22____, feeling guilty she labored along, her way made heavier by the new life growing inside her. They ____23____ for a warm, dry place. When her ____24____ came, it must not be out here along the roadway.

As ____25____ would have it, Gus Kiebel, a county wildlife officer, who was driving home from work, spotted the pair. He ____26____ to the shoulder of the road immediately.

The beagles made no effort to ____27____ when Gus bent down and stretched out his hands to them. Gus ____28____ their tags（狗牌）by his truck’s headlights and tried to ring, but the falling snow ____29____ the screen. He placed the dogs in his truck, _____30_____ his phone and called again. A man answered and instantly grew _____31_____ when Gus told him why he was calling.

“I already gave them away,” the man responded coldly.

Obviously, these beagles were _____32_____. Meeting their large begging eyes, Gus felt his heart _____33_____. “Putting them back in the snow is out of the _____34_____,” Gus thought to himself, “I must bring them home.”

It’s a simple story, but it speaks to the best of our nature: Kindness and love can keep cruelty and cold at _____35_____.

21．A．shelter B．shade C．instructions D．routes

22．A．patiently B．helplessly C．fondly D．proudly

23．A．waited B．prepared C．cheered D．longed

24．A．trouble B．opportunity C．time D．turn

25．A．life B．luck C．history D．news

26．A．pulled over B．turned up C．headed off D．sped up

27．A．submit B．bark C．struggle D．escape

28．A．tore B．adjusted C．untied D．read

29．A．colored B．misted C．dusted D．damaged

30．A．dried B．charged C．examined D．grabbed

31．A．persuasive B．defensive C．curious D．grateful

32．A．discovered B．licensed C．identified D．abandoned

33．A．racing B．sinking C．aching D．beating

34．A．blue B．question C．way D．world

35．A．bay B．hand C．ease D．peace

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ChatGPT netted 1 million users in 5 days. For ____36____ (compare), it, reportedly, took Instagram 2.5 months to reach the same number of users. Pretty wild!

ChatGPT, Generative Pre- trained Transformer, is a chatbot ____37____ (launch) by OpenAI in November 2022. ____38____ (specific) designed to interact in a conversational way, it works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions. Once orders ____39____ (input), it is capable of understanding the context of conversations and responding to a wide range of requests in a natural and ____40____ (engage) way. It mimics (模仿) human-like responses with AI-generated contents ____41____ assists people with tasks like writing essays, making business proposals, creating poems and even checking for program bugs. The outputs are amazingly varied ____42____ (depend) on who is writing the orders.

Every coin has two sides, ____43____ the saying goes. Though ChatGPT’s impressive efficiency and helpful information might take breath away, it may sometimes generate incorrect or inappropriate responses. Overall, ChatGPT has taken ____44____ big step forward for AI. Will it replace human intelligence or take over creative tasks? Alarmist? Only time will tell. Right now, what should be done is to define ____45____ (policy) and guidelines, so it can be used morally and responsibly.

五、其他应用文

46．假设你是李华。你校英文网站新增了Amazing China栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个你最喜欢的地方。内容包括：

1.该地的基本情况；

2.该地的特色；

3.你的印象和感受。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The Place I Like Best

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、读后续写

47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Right Thing

My mother worked as a housekeeper and she was often given used toys as well as many other goodies by her clients. My elder sister and I always loved sharing the recycled books and board games brought home by my beloved mom, which we considered great gifts life presented us.

The long-awaited Christmas finally approached. One December day, an old model toy car arrived in the load of goods. It was as long as my forearm and took both hands to lift. My sister didn’t want it, so it was all mine. I immediately set down to wiping it clean and polishing it to a bright candy-apple red. It turned to be a thing of beauty, and I became overjoyed at possessing it. My elder sister was amazed at the newly-polished, refreshing toy car, with a hint of regret and envy in her eyes.

As was planned, our relatives from France came to visit us that Christmas. It was a time when the family bond got strengthened. I shared the prized toy car with Alex, my young French cousin. Eyes glued to it, he fell in love with the wonderful, shiny red automobile the instant he saw it. It was a rare moment to see him feeling so relieved and happy. He’d been unlucky so far in life, suffering severe, life-threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck and the family starved of cash. Of course, such lovely toys like my dear model car were unreachable dreams for him.

Seeing Alex’s consuming thrill brought by the red car, I was seized by immense joy as well. But contrary to Alex’s excitement, a voice inside me constantly reminded, “Watch out! He’d keep it for himself.”, which got me faintly worried. I followed my cousin for fear of something.

My mother also noticed Alex’s fondness for the car. Approaching me, she asked gently in a low voice, “Would you like to give it to Alex?”

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

1．D    2．D    3．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对慈善组织Crisis at Christmas作捐赠的方式和不同金额可实现的帮助意义。

1．推理判断题。根据第一段中““I was sleeping on the street for nine days. If it weren’t for Crisis, I might have died,” said Eddie, ”（“我在街上睡了九天。如果不是Crisis，我可能已经死了,”埃迪说,）第三段中“Eddie was given a Crisis coach, who supported him in finding somewhere to live and he was given a phone, which he used to look for work.”（埃迪得到了一个 Crisis 教练，这个教练支持他找到住的地方，他得到了一部电话，他用来找工作。）第五段中“Please donate today to end someone’s homelessness and support to leave homelessness behind for good.”（请今天捐款，来帮助无家可归的人结束苦难，并支持永远摆脱无家可归。）可推知，Crisis at Christmas是一个帮助无家可归的人的一个慈善机构。故选D。

2．细节理解题。根据题干关键词“£32 monthly”定位于文章中第五段下“£32 monthly could help fund one-to-one specialist coaching in housing, benefits, well-being and work.”（每个月32法郎可以帮助实现在住房、救济金、福利和工作方面实现一对一的专家辅导。）可知，每个月捐赠32法郎，可以帮助实现获得个性化的指导。故选D。

3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中提到可以通过打电话、直接到办公地点和扫描二维码共三种方式来实现捐赠，故选C。

4．B    5．B    6．A    7．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于书籍Bard, Kinetic的书评。

4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bard, Kinetic (Coffee House Press, 2023) by Anne Waldman, one of the most important living American poets, is a new collection of autobiographical (自传体的) pieces, including published and unpublished essays, correspondence, interviews, and poems from the last 20 years.”（Bard, Kinetic (咖啡屋出版社，2023) ，作者安妮·沃尔德曼，美国当代最重要的诗人之一，是一个新的自传体作品集，包括发表和未发表的散文，通信，采访，和过去20年来的所有诗歌。）及第二段第一句“Though the origin of the texts and poems is relatively recent, Bard, Kinetic tracks Waldman’s life from her childhood in Greenwich Village to the present.”（虽然这些文本和诗歌的起源相对较晚，但是Bard, Kinetic记录了沃尔德曼从格林尼治村的童年到现在的生活。）可知，Bard, Kinetic记录了作者的的生活和工作情况。故选B。

5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In Sketch, the first and longest piece in the book, Waldman describes what guided her to poetry from an early age — Her intellectual and artistic parents encouraged her “to read widely, to write, think, talk about it, be curious and critical.” Reading Sketch for its wonderful autobiographical details and the successful moments that run through Waldman’s life is a pleasure. In Interview with Poetas, Madrid 2018, another piece from the book’s second section, she wrote, “We need cultural and humanitarian revolution.”（在书中第一篇也是最长的一篇《Sketch》中，沃尔德曼描述了是什么引导她从小就开始写诗——她的知识分子和艺术家父母鼓励她“广泛阅读，写作、思考、谈论诗歌，保持好奇心和批判精神。”阅读《Sketch》的精彩自传细节和贯穿沃尔德曼的生活的成功的时刻是一种乐趣。在书的第二部分的一节《 Interview with Poetas, Madrid 2018》中，她写道：“我们需要文化和人道主义革命。）可知，本段对书籍中的部分情节做了一个描述，因而其目的是帮助读者了解这本书的部分内容。故选B。

6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“As she wrote in the book’s preface, she commands herself to “keep pushing for knowledge, study with a deeper investigation and a deeper action. The action, totally necessary”. These are high aims that Waldman has insisted on, tirelessly, her entire life. ”（正如她在书的序言中所写的，她让自己“不断追求知识，用更深入的研究和更深入的行动来学习。行动，完全必要”。这些都是沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持的崇高目标。）可知，沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持着自己的崇高目标。可推知，划线句指作为读者，应该学习她对目标执着的追求的这种精神。选项A与文意相符，故选A。

7．推理判断题。通读全文，本文首先在第一段对书籍Bard, Kinetic给出了总的描述：它是一个新的自传体作品集，进而在接下来的段落中描述了书的内容及书籍作者对目标的追求，最后一段“This new book is best read as a companion of Vow to Poetry (2001), Waldman’s previous collection of interviews and autobiographical essays, which will help readers appreciate this book better.”（这本新书作为《向诗宣誓》(2001)的最好的姊妹篇，《向诗宣誓》是沃尔德曼以前收集的采访和自传体散文，这本书将帮助读者更好地欣赏这本书。）可知，本文是对书籍Bard, Kinetic的一个书评。故选C。

8．C    9．B    10．D    11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个科学发现即在人类身上的冒险偏好在黑猩猩身上同样适用。

8．推理判断题。根据第一段中““The finding should also apply to risk-taking in chimps（黑猩猩）, one of our closest evolutionary（进化的）ancestors,” (“这一发现也适用于黑猩猩的冒险行为，黑猩猩是我们进化中最接近的祖先之一。”)”可知，之所以选择在黑猩猩身上作关于冒险偏好的实验，是因为该物种是和人类最为接近的，即人类所呈现出的风险偏好特点同样适用于黑猩猩，因为进化的一致性。故选C。

9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing. (在危险的情况下，第二个罐子里也有两个球，但一个装满了两颗花生，另一个什么都没有。)”可知，在危险的情况下，第二个罐子里也有两个球，但一个装满了两颗花生，另一个什么都没有。故选B。

10．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar dynamics in evolution. (人类和我们现存的近亲之一在风险偏好上的结构相似性很可能反映了对进化过程中类似动态的适应。)”以及“While many other factors may influence human risk-taking preferences(虽然许多其他因素可能会影响人类的冒险偏好)”可知，虽然有很多因素会影响人类冒险的偏好，但是人类和黑猩猩在行为模式上的相似性反映了进化过程中类似动态的适应，故划线词parallel与前文的similarities为同义词，意为“相似的”。故选D。

11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.( Haux补充说，未来的工作将比较生活在保护区的黑猩猩与生活在动物园或野外的黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同，以及它们与倭黑猩猩的冒险偏好有何不同，倭黑猩猩是人类的另一个进化近亲。)”可知，在未来的研究中，研究者们将会对生活在保护区的黑猩猩与生活在动物园或者野外的黑猩猩的冒险偏好进行比较。由此推断对研究的主题将会不断扩大。故选A。

12．D    13．C    14．A    15．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及设定月球时间的方案。

12．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.(当月球承载少数独立任务时，这种方法是有效的，但是当有多个飞船一起工作时，这将是一个问题。航天机构还希望使用卫星导航来跟踪它们，这依赖于精确的计时信号)”可知，当多个飞船共同工作时，当前的月球计时方法就出现问题，而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船，这月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。

13．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.(设定月球时间并不简单。根据狭义相对论，时钟在更强的引力场中走得更慢。月球的引力比地球的弱，这意味着月球时钟会比地球时钟跑得快。)”可知，设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C项。

14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.(另一种方法是使用月球原子钟的同步输出作为月球自己独立的连续时间，并跟踪其与UTC的关系。这样，即使月球与地球失去了联系，月球上的时钟仍然会彼此一致，从而实现安全的航行和通信)”可知，设定月球独立的时间后，即使失去与地球联系，月球上的时间始终是保持一致。故选A项。

15．主旨大意题。根据首段“With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon?(月球探测火箭带来了许多挑战。其中有一个基本问题是世界各地的计量学家正在努力回答：月球上现在是几点？)”以及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及方案可知，本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开，因此A项“月球上几点了”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。

16．C    17．D    18．A    19．F    20．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了教育理念STEM与STEAM的不同之处。

16．上文“However, education is a constantly evolving game. (然而，教育是一个不断发展的活动)”说明教育是不断发展的，以及下文“One of the latest philosophies gaining STEAM is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate. (最新的STEAM理念之一是在STEM教育重点中加入艺术元素，从而引发了STEM与STEAM的争论)”说明教育发展过程中引入一些元素，形成新的理论，C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。

17．上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. (STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines. (增加艺术元素将偏离专注于STEM准则的初衷)”说明STEM教育理念的相信者认为不需要增加艺术元素，D项“他们的想法是，他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”说明他们认为不需要添加艺术元素的原因，符合题意。故选D。

18．上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. (STEM教育的相信者希望将重点放在核心STEM原则上)”以及下文“They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. (他们认为，在STEM中加入艺术是培养具有创造性思维的强大STEM学生的一种方式)”说明STEAM理念的相信者认为需要加入艺术元素，与STEM的理念不同，A项“STEAM公司不同意。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。

19．上文“Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. (几项研究表明，谈及STEM活动时，调动学生的艺术力量可以提高他们的动机)”说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，F项中It指代上文中的engaging students’ arts strength，F项“它还能提高在复杂任务和挑战中成功的概率。”进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处，符合题意。故选F。

20．下文“Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.(考虑到电脑动画这个不断发展的领域，你必须同时具备艺术能力和强大的技术领域)”说明技术和艺术不可分割，B项“事实上，科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。

21．A    22．C    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．A    27．D    28．D    29．B    30．A    31．B    32．D    33．C    34．B    35．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是两只被遗弃的小比格犬在雪夜被野生动物保护官员救下的故事，这个故事道出了做好的人性：善良和爱使得残酷与寒冷远离我们。

21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位准父亲焦急地环顾四周，试图为他亲爱的同伴寻找庇护之处。A. shelter遮挡物，住处；B. shade荫凉；C. instructions说明；D. routes路线。根据上文中的“One snowy night, a pair of beagles（比格犬）was struggling on a rural highway.”可知，在一个雪夜，这对比格犬在乡间公路上挣扎着，应该是寻找“住处”。故选A项。

22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他常常深情地望着她，为她的艰难前行感到内疚，她的道路因体内生长的新生命而变得更加沉重。A. patiently耐心地；B. helplessly无助地；C. fondly温柔地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据上文中的“The father-to-be looked around anxiously, trying to seek ____1____ for his dear companion.”以及下文中的“feeling guilty”可知，这只准父亲对现在的处境很是担心，对自己的伴侣充满了关爱，所以，看他自己的伴侣时应该是“温柔地”。故选C项。

23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们渴望一个温暖干燥的地方。A. waited等待；B. prepared准备；C. cheered欢呼；D. longed渴望。根据上文中的“she labored along, her way made heavier by the new life growing inside her.”可知，这只母比格犬应该是怀着小狗，在这种天气状况下，“渴望”找一个干燥的地方。故选D项。

24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她的生产的时刻来临时，绝不能在这条路上。A. trouble麻烦；B. opportunity机会；C. time时间；D. turn转弯。结合语境和下文中的“it must not be out here along the roadway.”可知，此处指的是这只准妈妈要产小狗的“时刻”。故选C项。

25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，县野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔(Gus Kiebel)在下班开车回家的路上发现了这对大熊猫。A. life生活，生命；B. luck运气；C. history历史；D. news新闻。根据下文中的“Gus Kiebel, a county wildlife officer, who was driving home from work, spotted the pair.”可知，一位乡村野生动物官员开车回家看到了他们，由此可知，对他们来说“幸运”降临了。故选B项。

26．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他立刻把车停在路边。A. pulled over靠边停车；B. turned up出现；C. headed off阻挡；D. sped up加速。根据下文中的“The beagles made no effort to ____7____ when Gus bent down and stretched out his hands to them.”可知，这位野生动物官员弯腰向他们伸出双手，说明他把车“停了下来”。故选A项。

27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当格斯弯下腰向小猎犬们伸出双手时，小猎犬们并没有试图逃跑。A. submit提交；B. bark吠叫；C. struggle奋斗；D. escape逃跑。根据下文中的“Gus ____8____ their tags（狗牌）by his truck’s headlights and tried to ring, but the falling snow ____9____ the screen.”可知，Gus试图看一下狗牌了解够的相关信息，由此可知，这对狗没有要“逃离”的意思。故选D项。

28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯在他的卡车前灯下阅读了他们的标签(狗牌)，并试图按铃，但飘落的雪使屏幕模糊了。A. tore撕裂；B. adjusted调整；C. untied解开；D. read阅读。根据常识可知，要了解狗牌上的信息，应该是“阅读”狗牌上的标签信息。故选D项。

29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯在他的卡车前灯下阅读了他们的标签(狗牌)，并试图按铃，但飘落的雪使屏幕模糊了。A. colored变色；B. misted结满雾气；C. dusted擦灰；D. damaged损害。结合语境可知，雪夜里，天气很冷，手机的屏幕会“变得模糊”。故选B项。

30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把狗放在卡车里，擦干手机，又打了一次电话。A. dried干燥；B. charged收费；C. examined检查；D. grabbed抓起。根据上文中的“and tried to ring, but the falling snow ____9____ the screen.”可知，手机的屏幕变模糊，所以此处 Gus再打电话要首选“擦干”手机。故选A项。

31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个男人接了电话，当格斯告诉他打电话的原因时，他立刻变得很有戒心。A. persuasive有说服力的；B. defensive防御的；C. curious好奇的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文中的““I already gave them away,” the man responded coldly.”可知，这对狗是被遗弃的，所以听到打电话的原因是，主人会有“防御性”，担心把狗再送回。故选B项。

32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，这些小猎犬是被遗弃的。A. discovered发现；B. licensed许可；C. identified辨别；D. abandoned放弃。根据上文中的““I already gave them away,” the man responded coldly.”可知，这只狗是被“遗弃”了。故选D项。

33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到他们乞求的大眼睛，格斯感到心痛。A. racing参加比赛；B. sinking下沉；C. aching疼痛；D. beating击打。根据上文中的“Meeting their large begging eyes,”和语境可知，作为野生动物官员，看到被遗弃的狗的那种祈求的眼神，会觉得“心痛”。故选C项。

34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“把它们放回雪地里是不可能的，”格斯心想，“我必须把它们带回家。”A. blue蓝色；B. question问题；C. way方式；D. world世界。根据上文中的“Meeting their large begging eyes, Gus felt his heart ____13____.”可知，这么善良的野生动物官员，是不会再把这对比格犬放回到雪地，out of the question意为“不可能的”符合语境。故选B项。

35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事，但它道出了我们最好的本性：善良和爱可以让残酷和寒冷远离我们。A. bay海湾；B. hand手；C. ease舒适；D. peace和平。根据上文中的“It’s a simple story, but it speaks to the best of our nature”以及本文讲述的故事可知，此处为该故事的寓意：善良和爱使得残酷与寒冷远离我们，keep sb/sth at bay意为“不让……接近”符合语境。故选A项。

36．comparison    37．launched    38．Specifically    39．are input##inputted    40．engaging    41．and    42．depending    43．as    44．a    45．policies

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是ChatGPT这种聊天机器人。

36．考查名词。句意：为了比较，据报道，Instagram花了2.5个月的时间才达到相同的用户数量。for comparison是固定短语，意为“为了比较”，因此空格处是comparison。故填comparison。

37．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT，Generative Pre- trained Transformer，是OpenAI在2022年11月推出的聊天机器人。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填launched。

38．考查副词。句意：它是专门为对话方式进行交互而设计的，工作方式就像人工智能系统和提问者之间的书面对话。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，specific的副词是specifically，意为“专门地”。故填Specifically。

39．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：一旦输入命令，它就能够理解对话的上下文，并以自然和吸引人的方式对广泛的请求做出响应。命令是被输入，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语orders是复数，与谓语为被动关系。因此空格处是are input/inputted。故填are input/inputted。

40．考查形容词。句意：一旦输入命令，它就能够理解对话的上下文，并以自然和吸引人的方式对广泛的请求做出响应。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词way，engage的形容词是engaging，意为“吸引人的”。故填engaging。

41．考查连词。句意：它用人工智能生成的内容模仿类似人类的反应，并帮助人们完成写论文、写商业提案、写诗甚至检查程序错误等任务。mimics和assists是并列的动作，且句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and连接两句话，故填and。

42．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据编写指令的人的不同，输出的变化惊人。句中谓语是are amazingly varied，空格处用非谓语动词，前面所描述的动作和depend on之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，故填depending。

43．考查固定短语。句意：俗话说，事物都有两面性。as the saying goes是固定短语，意为“俗话说”，因此空格处是as，故填as。

44．考查冠词。句意：总的来说，ChatGPT在人工智能领域迈出了一大步。step表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，big是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。

45．考查名词的复数。句意：现在，我们应该做的是制定政策和指导方针，这样人们就可以在道德上和负责任地使用它。policy为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰和限定，所以空格处用名词的复数，故填policies。

46．The Place I Like Best

A must-see scenic spot I fancy most is the West Lake, a world-renowned attraction.

It is located in Hangzhou, also referred to as Heaven on Earth. Due to its stunning natural beauty, like Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon, and numerous tales full of literary significance, it is listed as one of the world’s cultural heritages. Also of primary note is the local cuisine such as Beggar’s Chicken and Dongpo Pork, which enjoys lasting popularity at home and abroad.

You cannot fail to get fascinated by this delightful destination.

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校英文网站Amazing China栏目投稿，介绍一个自己最喜欢的地方。

【详解】1.词汇积累

喜欢：fancy→love

被视为：be referred to as → be regarded as

吸引：fascinate→attract

令人愉快的：delightful→ pleasant

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Due to its stunning natural beauty, like Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon, and numerous tales full of literary significance, it is listed as one of the world’s cultural heritages.

拓展句：Because Hangzhou is full of stunning natural beauty, like Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon, and numerous tales full of literary significance, it is listed as one of the world’s cultural heritages.

【点睛】【高分句型1】A must-see scenic spot I fancy most is the West Lake, a world-renowned attraction（运用了省略引导词which或者that的定语从句）

【高分句型2】Also of primary note is the local cuisine such as Beggar’s Chicken and Dongpo Pork, which enjoys lasting popularity at home and abroad.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）

47．Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself. Giving it? Hardly could I imagine life without the model car! After all, it was my most precious treasure, which I had been proud of. My heart kept aching at the prospect of giving it away. Nope! I shook my head determinedly. Glancing at my mother’s expectant eyes, I couldn’t help sobbing. Keeping it? Definitely, it would otherwise upset Alex. Torn between the two tough choices, I was totally at a loss. Nevertheless, deep down, I could feel my affection to Alex. Yep! I resolved to do the right thing.

In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex. Though I was crushed to see it go, my heart sang when I saw his beaming face as he tightly clutched it. Seeing the thumbs-up from my mother and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and joy, for I knew it was not a gift; to some extent, it was our concern and love for him. Plus, sharing the model car also strengthened our bond, which, I was fully convinced, would always uplift him. An effort made for the happiness of others lifted us above ourselves as well.

【导语】本文以故事发展的线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节临近的一天，收到了一辆老式二手玩具车，作者把他打磨的光亮，姐姐都很羡慕，在圣诞节，作者法国的亲戚来拜访作者一家，作者的表弟似乎是喜欢上了这辆红色的汽车玩具，作者有点担心。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“给他还是自己留着，我很挣扎”可知，第一段可描写作者内心所想，以及作者听到母亲的问题后的反应。结合第二段的首句“在离别的那一刻，我的模型车和亚历克斯一起去了”可知，该段要提到作者最后决定把车给了表弟。

②由第二段首句内容“在离别的那一刻，我的玩具车和亚历克斯一起去了”可知，第二段可描写作者在送给表弟玩具车后的心理动态，以及分享玩具会给作者带来什么。

2.续写线索：送与不送的挣扎——送给表弟玩具的痛苦——想到表弟对玩具渴望后的决定——表弟带玩具离开——分享带给作者的快乐——感悟

3.词汇激活

行为类

①.哭泣：sob/weep/burst into tears/burst out crying

②.抓住：clutch/grab/seize/grab/grip

③.振奋：uplift/refresh

情绪类

①.坚定：determinedly/firmly

②.快乐：joy/delight/be wild with joy

【点睛】[高分句型1]. After all, it was my most precious treasure, which I had been proud of. （运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）

[高分句型2]. Seeing the thumbs-up from my mother and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and joy, for I knew it was not a gift; to some extent, it was our concern and love for him. （运用了现在分词作状语以及for连接的因果关系的并列句）

[高分句型3]. Plus, sharing the model car also strengthened our bond, which, I was fully convinced, would always uplift him. （运用了动名词短语作主语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）