高中英语高考第1部分 课时精炼 必修第二册　热点话题　精深阅读(二)

热点话题　精深阅读(二)主题语境：人与社会——关注饮食，养成良好的饮食习惯，提升生活质量(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state，the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit，taking more food than they normally would have.However，they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test，in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case，she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I．Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect.However，we’ll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion，I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot，I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can’t I?语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。 1．What is the recent study mainly about?A．Food safety.B．Movie viewership.C．Consumer demand.D．Eating behavior.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.”可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的饮食摄入量。这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。2．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A．Big eaters.B．Overweight persons.C．Picky eaters.D．Tall thin persons.答案　D解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反——你真正需要避免的是那些……食欲大的人。此处的beanpoles意思应与heavier people相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。3．Why did the researchers hire the actor?A．To see how she would affect the participants.B．To test if the participants could recognize her.C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.D．To study why she could keep her weight down.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“To test the effect of social influence on...”及第四句“An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响这些参与者的。4．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A．How hungry we are.B．How slim we want to be.C．How we perceive others.D．How we feel about the food.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，如果一个发福的人吃得多，“我”可能会“引以为戒”。如果一个瘦的人吃得多，“我”也会这么做。这说明我们是靠观察别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。 微技能点拨　理解全文，推断文字，巧解推理判断题。第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子或者通读全文。第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。本文中第3题和第4题为推理判断题，根据策略，第3题解题如下：Step 1　确定题干关键词：the researchers hire the actor Step 2　回到原文准定位：To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.(Paragraph 2)Step 3　对比选项找最佳：尝试解答  A  。文本提炼Ⅰ.宏观把握，整体理解Ⅱ.词汇积累1．consumption n．消耗2．contrary to 与……相反3．appetite n．胃口4．undergraduate n．本科生5．grab vt.抓住6．follow suit 照着做；仿效7．adjust vt.调节；适应Ⅲ.长难句分析And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.句式分析　本句是主从复合句，that says you should avoid eating with heavier people是定语从句，修饰先行词research，who order large portions是定语从句，修饰先行词heavier people；you really need to avoid也是定语从句，修饰先行词the beanpoles。尝试翻译　现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反，你需要避免的是跟胃口大且又高又瘦的人在一起进餐。仿写运用　那些身体弱的人应该多参加户外活动，这会增强他们的体质。Those who are physically weak should take part in more outdoor activities，which can build up their body.