高中英语高考解密19 完形填空之夹叙夹议文（教师版）---【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练

这是一份高中英语高考解密19 完形填空之夹叙夹议文（教师版）---【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练，共49页。


解密19 完形填空之夹叙夹议文

考点详解



【考纲要求】
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。
【命题规律】
一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的
真理。
二、作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个
事例从不同的侧面来说明。
三、提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表：
1
事例—观点
先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2
观点—事例
先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3
观点—事例—观点
提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
【应试策略】
一、关注首句，领会大意
通过首句可以明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。
例：
From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his first recital，my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30­plus years ago.表明了文章的主旨：作者本来很反感弹钢琴，但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。
二、注重语境，理清行文逻辑
夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件，而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中，这就要求考生增强语篇意识，抓住文章的叙事线索，弄清文章的内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容做出选择，并适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。
三、找准标志词，弄清故事发展模式
夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结构特点，根据表达这些手段的衔接词来正确理解故事情节。
常见标志词有：(1)并列关系：and，not only...but also，that is to say等；(2)因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等；(3)对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等；(4)转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等；(5)递进关系：also，then，besides，in addition，furthermore，what’s more等；(6)顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等；(7)转变话题：by the way，what I really mean...等。
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault­finder.However，life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen­year­old Kerry，who described herself as a world­class fault­finder，almost always 38 by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her，and 39 was ever good enough.She was highly self­critical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really 40 person.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Kerry本来是一个事事挑剔、苛刻的女孩，但通过她最好的朋友遭遇了车祸这件事，她变得对一切不再那么刻薄了。这篇文章旨在告诉我们：不要用一种挑剔的眼光去看世界，要心胸开阔一些。当我们养成这种习惯的时候，就能重拾生活中的热情，而且心中会充满爱。
36. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
句意：世界上最简单的事情之一就是成为一个吹毛求疵的人。然而，当你不是忙着找茬时，生活可能是________。由however表示的转折关系可知，本空应选great，表示＂生活可能是美好的＂。lonely孤独的，寂寞的；great伟大的，极好的；quiet安静的，寂静的；uneasy不安的，不确定的。
【答案】B
37. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
由固定搭配可知，＂收到来信＂动词用receive，故答案为A项。前文没有提到Kerry给作者写信，所以不能选answered(回复)。
【答案】A
38. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
由后句的People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，她经常因为人们做的事而感到＂烦恼＂。threaten威胁，恐吓；interrupt打断，插嘴；bother打扰，烦恼；spoil娇惯，宠坏。故本空应选bothered。
【答案】C
39.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
由前句People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，Kerry对一切都觉得不满意，没有什么是足够好的。故选nothing。
【答案】D
40.A.caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
由前文可知，Kerry对一切都非常挑剔，她不但对自己苛刻，而且也找朋友的茬。由此可知Kerry是一个令人烦的人，故选boring。caring关心他人的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人惊奇的。
【答案】B
Unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her 41 .Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 ，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things she felt she needed to 45 .It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly (刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well.
41.A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
根据后文中的It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault.Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly(刻薄).可知，在她最好的朋友经历了一次可怕的事故后，Kerry对事情的＂态度(attitude)＂发生了改变，故本空应选attitude。plan计划；measure措施；explanation解释。
【答案】A
42. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
既然这件事能让这么一个挑剔的姑娘改变对生活的态度，那么这件事一定不同寻常，也就是说她感到＂不可能＂发生，所以应选impossible。urgent急迫的，催促的；unnecessary不必要的，多余的；certain必然的，确定的。
【答案】D
43. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
根据前面提到的a horrible accident可知此处应选accident。
【答案】C
44.A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
根据语境并结合四个选项的含义可知，此处指对男朋友的＂选择(choice)＂。memory记忆；notice通知；evidence证据。
【答案】D
46.A.aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
根据后文中的Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life可知Kerry对待生活的态度变了，之所以会有这种变化是因为她＂意识到(became aware of)＂了自己挑剔的习惯，所以选择A项。(be)afraid of害怕，担心；(be)curious about对……感到好奇；(be)confused about对……感到困惑。
【答案】A
47. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
由rather than(而不是)可知，后面表达的意思应该与appreciate life(欣赏生活)表达的意思相反。discuss讨论，商讨；realize意识到，实现；judge评判，断定；settle解决，安排。结合四个选项的含义可知，应是如此刻薄地＂评判(judge)＂每一件事，故选C项。
【答案】C
48. A. family B. life C. career D. education
由前文可知，Kerry对待生活其他方面的态度也发生了转变，故本空应选life(生活)。family家庭；career职业；education教育。
【答案】B
Perhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault­finding， 49 when we're honest，we can be sharply 50 of the world. I'm not suggesting you 51 problems，or that you pretend things are 52 than they are，but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 53 most of the time，and especially when it's not a really big 54 .
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂，and with a little 55 ，you'll get really good at letting things go. And when you do，you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
49.A.so B.or C.but D.for
根据下一段开头的Train yourself to＂bite your tongue＂可知，此处是说＂或许我们大多数人并不是如此爱挑剔，但是(but)，老实说，我们都有可能会对这个世界有尖锐的批评＂。由本空前后句意可知，前后两部分为转折关系，故应用but。
【答案】C
50.A.proud B.sure C.hopeful D.critical
根据上题的分析可知，此处应选critical。be critical of ＂对……爱挑毛病，对……持批评态度＂。
【答案】D
51.A.face B.create C.solve D.ignore
根据后面的but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are可知，此处指作者并不是建议大家＂忽视(ignore)＂问题，故选D项。
【答案】D
55.A.practice B.speech C.rest D.pity
此处是指训练自己忍住不说，稍加练习(practice)，就会让事情顺其自然。由句中的train可知，本空应选A。
【答案】A
【结论】不要做挑剔主义者→Kerry对待事物态度的转变→存在的即是合理的→打开心胸，阳光就能进来。
【解题技巧】
1. 认真理解开篇首句，把握文章主题。首句一般在文章中起着启示的作用，可作为我们探索短文的＂窗口＂，由此判断文章的体裁，推测全文大意乃至主题。
2. 善于抓住文章中心句、中心段，充分领会文章思想、把握文章脉络。
3. 抓住线索，注意情节的变化，以求综观上下文，达到整体理解文意，从而避免片面性和断章取义。
4. 不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，尤其要体味议论部分，因为该部分往往是文章的升华。
检测训练

题组一 真题在线
Cloze 1 (2020·新课标全国卷Ш)
As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves

【答案】
41. B
42. A
43. D
44. C
45. D
46. A
47. B
48. D
49. B
50. C
51. D
52. B
53. C
54. A
55. A
56. C
57. D
58. B
59. C
60. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
41.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
42.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。
43.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
44.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
45.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
46.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
47.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架；B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
48.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。
49.
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
50.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。
51.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
52.
考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
53.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
54.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。
55.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。
56.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地；D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。
57.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。故选D。
58.
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
59.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
60.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。
Cloze 2 (2020.江苏)
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .
Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens.
36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects
37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps
38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure
39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely
40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare
41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus
42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily
43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed
44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed
45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to
46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic
47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent
48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness
49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept
50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before
51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations
52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential
53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses
54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision
55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits
【答案】
36. A37. C38. A39. D40. B
41. C42. A43. B44. B45. D
46. D47. A48. C49. D50. B
51. C52. A53. C54. D55. B
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。
36.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知，仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选A。
37.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。
38.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。
39.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。
40.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。
41.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
42.
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
43.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发，喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选B。
44.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted视图，尝试；C. cared关心，在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。
45.
考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交，服从……；B. catered for迎合；C. impressed on给……留下印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
46.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的；B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D。
47.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。
48.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选C。
49.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控制；D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
50.
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况下，当……时候；C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。
51.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献，投入；D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。
52.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential潜在的，有潜力的；C. spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。
53.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学金；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。
54.
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱，秘诀；C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。
55.
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。
Cloze 3 (2020.天津卷）
Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18 ? Chat benches.
Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually 22 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.
This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 24 to do something about it. He 25 the police department to allow him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.
The idea is catching on 29 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 30 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -it’s also a 34 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.
The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.
16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise
17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt
18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention
19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money
20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally
21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused
22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy
23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn
24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided
25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught
26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up
27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied
28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy
29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully
30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing
31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed
32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out
33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack
34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting
35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles

【答案】
16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B
29. C 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
16.
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观；D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B。
17.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受；C. prevented阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。
18.
考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选A。
19.
考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31,000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。
20.
考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑，由此可知，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。
21.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。
22.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。
23.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。
24.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C. pretended假装；D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。
25.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。
26.
考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。
27.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。
28.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。
29.
考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。
30.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。
31.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查；C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。
32.
考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。
33.
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B。
34.
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。
35.
考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。
Cloze 4 (2020.天津卷）
For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school--- he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable.
When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, 16 , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could 17 my dad taking me to school, running into him 18 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.
As I grew older, we were not as 19 as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more He wore his socks too high, listened to 20 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment.
However, the 21 that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, 22 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me！ I wanted to run away.
This 23 continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance Things started to 24 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The 25 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers 26 . So did my dad, the only administrator！ Embarrassed, as usual, I 27 the scene. 28 , later when I learned from my friends that my dad 29 all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my 30 was a touch of pride.
I had needed someone else to show me what I 31 in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won； it was more than that. I began to 32 that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to 33 him, he still influenced me.
I feel 34 to have such an unusual father. The 35 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.
16. A. temporarily B. naturally C. originally D. passively
17. A. apply to B. count on C. see off D. pick out
18. A. gradually B. previously C. regularly D. eventually
19. A. close B. reliable C. generous D. confident
20. A. creative B. familiar C. horrible D. live
21. A. failures B. coincidences C. competitions D. disasters
22. A. dressed up B. broken down C. settled down D. signed up
23. A. debate B. party C. progress D. struggle
24. A. happen B. change C. grow D. disappear
25. A. issue B. task C. lesson D. procedure
26. A. participated B. protested C. hesitated D. explored
27. A. fled B. investigated C. pictured D. made
28. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However
29. A. convinced B. defeated C. ignore D. evaluated
30. A. confusion B. encouragement C. embarrassment D. fascination
31. A. recommended B. tolerated C. doubted D. appreciated
32. A. recognize B. demand C. argue D. estimate
33. A. approach B. limit C. resist D. believe
34. A. puzzled B. fortunate C. concerned D. awkward
35. A. strategy B. habit C. relationship D. potential

【答案】
16. B 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D
29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过记叙作者的成长经历发表对父亲的一些看法和对父亲态度的转变的一些观点，那就是父子关系与成长的关系至关重要。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。
16.
考查副词辨析。句意：当我小弟时候，我父亲所说的一切都是信条，而我很自然的照搬。A. temporarily暂时地；B. naturally自然地；C. originally原始地；D. passively被动地。既然父亲说的都是信条，那作者自然地只有照做的份。故选B。
17.
考查动词词组辨析。句意：我可以依靠他带我去上学。A. apply to申请；B. count on依靠；C. see off送行；D. pick out挑出。根据上文my dad and I have attended the same school可知，作者可以依靠父亲带作者去上学。故选B。
18.
考查副词辨析。句意：在白天的时候有规律地遇见他，然后每天下午和他一起骑车回家。A. gradually渐渐地；B. previously之前；C. regularly有规律地；D. eventually最终地。因为其父亲是学校行政管理人员，故其行踪是固定的，其行动是有规律的。故选C。
19.
考查形容词辨析。句意：随着我长大，我们不再那么亲密无间。A. close接近；B. reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；C. generous大方的；D. confident自信的。下一句He wasn't cool any more他不再那么酷。表明作者不再认为父亲是心目中的样子，自然也就起隔阂了，没有那么亲密无间的了。故选A。
20.
考查形容词辨析。句意：他穿高筒袜子，听令人生厌的乡村音乐，大声地在我朋友面前笑，他完全变得让我难堪起来。A. creative创新的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. horrible极讨厌的；D. live鲜活的。根据He became a total embarrassment.父亲听听令人生厌的乡村音乐。故选C。
21.
考查名词辨析。句意：然而，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。A. failures失败；B. coincidences巧合；C. competitions竞争；D. disasters灾难。根据he worst one happened in seventh grade.可知，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。故选D。
22.
考查动词词组辨析。句意：我父亲来参加我们的新年晚会，化装成唐老鸭，手里拿着吉他唱着愚蠢的歌曲。这比杀我还难受。A. dressed up化妆；B. broken down破产；C. settled down定居，安顿下来；D. signed up报名，签名。根据Donald Duck可知，参加聚会，且装扮成唐老鸭自然要化妆。故选A。
23.
考查名词辨析。句意：这种挣扎的心理直到高中，但我不管怎么说开始寻求一种平衡。A. debate争论；B. party党派；C. progress进步；D. struggle斗争，挣扎。这么多年的经历告诉我们作者内心是纠结的，挣扎于与父亲的关系上面。故选D。
24.
考查动词辨析。句意：事情的改变史与我十年级的一次物理实验任务。A. happen发生；B. change改变；C. grow生长；D. disappear消失。根据I found that mixed in with my　　　　　15　　　　　was a touch of pride.可知，事情开始在作者十年级物理课项上发生了变化。故选B。
25.
考查名词辨析。句意：这项任务是用最好的强度比率建造一座木桥。A. issue话题；B. task任务；C. lesson教训；D. procedure程序，步骤。既然是建造木桥，那么就是此次项目的任务。故选B。
26.
考查动词辨析。句意：所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。A. participated参加；B. protested辩护，抗争；C. hesitated犹豫不决；D. explored探索。根据 So did my dad, the only administrator！可知，我父亲也参与了，他是参加的唯一的领导。所以所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。故选A。
27.
考查动词辨析。句意：像往常一样我逃离了现场。A. fled逃跑；B. investigated调查；C. pictured画画；D. made制造。根据上文I wanted to run away.可知，像往常一样告诉我们作者感到尴尬，做出逃跑这样的动作也属正常。故选A。
28.
考查连接副词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. Instead相反；取而代之；B. Otherwise要不然的话；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。接着下一句的内容：击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹时，作者的态度是发生了转变的。变成带有一丝自豪：a touch of pride.这与之前认为他父亲的行为让他尴尬的态度形成一个意义上的转折。故选D。
29.
考查动词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. convinced令人信服；B. defeated击败；C. ignore忽略，忽视；D. evaluated评估，估计。从赢得了赞叹可以推出答案为击败对手。故选B。
30.
考查名词辨析。句意：我发现我的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。A. confusion混乱；B. encouragement鼓励；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. fascination迷人，吸引人。根据上文之 He became a total embarrassment.可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。故选C。
31.
考查动词辨析。句意：我需要一个人向我父亲表达我的欣赏之情。A. recommended推荐；B. tolerated忍受，忍耐；C. doubted怀疑；D. appreciated欣赏，感激。上句说有一丝的自豪感，自然对父亲有一丝欣赏的感觉。故选D。
32.
考查动词辨析。句意：我开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。A. recognize识别；B. demand需求；C. argue争论；D. estimate估计。根据we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions.可知，作者开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。故选A。
33.
考查动词辨析。句意：无论我怎么抵制他，他仍然在影响着我。A. approach接近；B. limit限制；C. resist抵抗，拒绝；D. believe相信。根据前面的描述作者一直是嫌弃他父亲的行为的，所以在心理上是抵制他的。故选C。
34.
考查形容词辨析。句意：我很幸运我有这样不同寻常的父亲。A. puzzled觉得困惑的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. concerned关心的，担忧的；D. awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据such an unusual father. 可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的一件事情。故选B。
35.
考查名词辨析。句意：这么多年我和我父亲的关系使得我能回首看自己的成长经历。A. strategy方法，策略；B. habit习惯；C. relationship关系；D. potential潜力。根据has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.可知，全文所讲的父子关系，无论是嫌弃也好，还是感觉自豪也罢。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。故选C。

Cloze5 (2018·新课标全国卷I)
During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I___41___the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to___42___a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t___43___enough about free credits, news about our___44___was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which___45___I would be learning from one of the game's___46___. I could hardly wait to___47___him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this___48___was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it___49___that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to___50___the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to___51___what we would learn in class to our future professions and,___52___,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that___53___and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the___54___.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he___55___me: “The absolute most important___56___that you learn when you play chess is how to make good___57___.On every single move you have to___58___a situation ,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and___59___the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my___60___as a journalist.
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。
41. B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A. put forward提出；B. jumped at急于接收；C. tried out尝试；D. turned down拒绝。故选B。
42. C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A. waste浪费；B. earn赚钱；C. save节省；D. pay付钱。故选C。
43. A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。A. excited激动的；兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. tired劳累的。故选A。
44. D 【解析】考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A. title头衔；题目；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor导师。故选D。
45. D 【解析】考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. urged督促；B. demanded要求；C. held握住；D. meant意味着。故选D。
46. C 【解析】考查词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A. fastest最快的；B. easiest最容易的；C. best最好的；D. rarest最稀少的。故选C。
47. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。A. interview面试；B. meet见面；C. challenge挑战；D. beat击败。故选B。
48. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。A. chance机会；B. qualification合格；C. honor荣誉；D. job工作。故选D。
49. C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。A. real真实的；B. perfect完美的；C. clear清楚的；D. possible可能的。故选C。
50. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。A. attend参加；B. pass通过；C. skip跳跃；D. observe遵守。故选B。
51. C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……
52. A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。A. eventually最终；B. naturally自然地；C. directly直接地；D. normally正常地。故选A。
53. C 【解析】考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。A. game游戏；B. presentation介绍；陈述；C. course课程；D. experiment实验。故选C。
54. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。A. criterion标准；B. classroom教室；C. department部门；系；D. situation情况。故选B。
55. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。A. taught教；B. wrote写；C. questioned提问；D. promised承诺。故选A。
56. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. fact事实；B. step步；C. manner方式；D. skill技能。故选D。
57. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A. grades等级；B. decisions决定；C. impressions印象；D. comments评论。故选B。
58. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. control控制。故选A。
59. D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。A. announce宣布；B. signal发信号；C. block阻塞；D. evaluate评估。故选D。
60. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A. role角色；B. desire欲望；要求；C. concern涉及，关系到；D. behavior行为。故选A。
【名师点睛】
点睛：高考复习时，注意熟词生意的短语是很重要的。本文的中的jump at意为：急于接收。此处jump是一个熟词，但这个短语的意思学生比较陌生，这样就会导致学生不知道意思而束手无策。
Cloze6 (2016·浙江卷)
During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be 　21　 him. I hated the place. I had never 　22　 been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was 　23　 — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). 　24　 a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed, were 　25　 with sand, sand, sand!
I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was 　26　 and coming back home. I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I 　27　 be in prison! My father answered my 　28　 with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my 　29　— two lines that completely changed my life:
Two men looked out from prison bars,
One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.
I read those two lines 　30　. I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 　31　； I would look for the stars.
I made friends with the natives, and their 　32　 amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 　33　 to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and 　34　 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 　35　.
What brought about this 　36　 change in me? The desert hadn’t changed, 　37　 I had. I had changed my 　38　. And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 　39　 of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and 　40　 the stars.
21.A. off B. behind C. near D. beyond
22.A. before B. already C. then D. still
23.A. inflexible B. incomprehensible C. uncontrollable D. unbearable
24.A. Only B. No C. Many D. Such
25.A. covered B. filled C. buried D. charged
26.A. catching up B. keeping up C. giving up D. getting up
27.A. ought to B. might well C. would rather D. had better
28.A. request B. call C. question D. letter
29.A. comparison B. imagination C. consideration D. memory
30.A. over and over B. by and by C. up and down D. now and then
31.A. company B. occupation C. situation D. relationship
32.A. movement B. reaction C. guidance D. purpose
33.A. refused B. failed C. managed D. happened
34.A. asked B. hunted C. waited D. headed
35.A. floor B. surface C. rock D. level
36.A. shocking B. challenging C. puzzling D. astonishing
37.A. as B. but C. for D. or
38.A. attitude B. principle C. identity D. standard
39.A. vacation B. operation C. affair D. adventure
40.A. sought B. counted C. found D. reached
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。作者随丈夫去加利福尼亚的沙漠地带，百无聊赖之际，她感觉到了一种令人窒息的绝望。因此，她写信告诉父母，而父亲只回了两行字，这两行字使作者茅塞顿开。原来，世界的美在于自己看待世界的态度，而不是世界本身。
21.C从上文提到的I went to live there以及下文的I hated the place可知，作者随丈夫搬去了加利福尼亚，故选near，表示＂靠近他＂，其他都与语意不符。 
22.A从上下文可知，作者非常讨厌这个地方，所以她以前从来没有这么不开心过，用before＂以前＂，其他都不符合语意。
 23.D从语境和下文的almost 125°F可知，这个地方实在是太热了，以至于让人难以忍受，故用unbearable＂难以忍受的＂。inflexible意为＂僵化的、不可弯曲的＂；incomprehensible意为＂不可思议的、难以理解的＂；uncontrollable意为＂难以控制的＂，都不符合语境。
 24.B此处表示＂甚至没有一个可以讲话的人＂，故用Not。
 25.B从上文提到的＂风不停地刮，所有吃的食物和呼吸的空气中都满是沙子＂可知，此处是be filled with结构，表示＂充满……＂，其他都不符合语境。
 26.C根据下文可知，作者感到很难过，所以写信告诉父母，她要放弃这里，准备回家了，所以用give up来表示＂放弃＂。catch up意为＂赶上＂；keep up意为＂保持＂；get up意为＂起床＂，都不符合语意。
 27.C根据上下文可知，作者宁愿坐牢也不愿生活在这里。would rather表示＂宁愿……＂，符合语境。
 28.D从上下文可知，作者给父母写了信，故此处指父亲回了信，故用answer the letter。
 29.D从下文可知，对于这两行回信，作者这一辈子都会牢牢记住，同时下文也多次提到这封信对作者以后人生的影响，故根据语意选memory表示＂记忆＂。comparison表示＂比较＂；imagination表示＂想象＂；consideration表示＂考虑＂，都不符合语境。
 30.A从全文可知，作者对父亲回信中的这两句话一读再读。所以选over and over表示＂一再、多次＂，来突出作者对其印象深刻。
 31.C结合上下文可知，此时指作者决定要找出她当前处境中的＂优点＂所在——就像父亲信中所说的＂星星＂一样，所以用situation表示＂处境＂。
 32.B从上文可知，作者与当地人交了朋友，而他们的＂反应＂也令她很吃惊，故用reaction，表示＂反应、回应＂。movement意为＂活动＂；guidance意为＂指导＂；purpose意为＂目的＂，都不符合语境。
 33.A根据语境可知，当地人把一些他们最喜欢的、拒绝出售给游客的艺术品都当作礼物送给了作者，所以选refused。
 34.B hunt for是固定词组，表示＂寻找、追寻＂，符合语境。
 35.A结合34空可知，数百万年前，沙漠还是洋底，故选floor。
 36.D从上下文可知，是什么让作者产生了令人吃惊的变化呢?此处astonishing表示＂令人吃惊的＂。
 37.B根据语意可知，沙漠没有改变，但作者却变了，所以用but表示转折。
 38.A从前文可知，变的不是周边的环境，而是作者的人生态度，故选attitude。
 39.D根据语意可知，作者把这次不愉快的经历变成了人生中令人吃惊的冒险历程，所以选adventure表示＂冒险历程＂。
 40.C根据全文可知，最终作者从自我的牢笼里挣脱了出来，发现了那些美丽的＂星星＂。
Cloze 7 (2016·江苏)
Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were 　36　, Kurt asked me, ＂John, what is your 　37　for personal growth?＂
Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might 　38　for growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was 　39　. And I went into a 　40　about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt 　41　patiently, but then he 　42　smiled and said, ＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?＂
＂No,＂ I 　43　.
＂You know,＂ Kurt said simply, ＂growth is not a(n) 　44　process.＂
And that’s when it 　45　me. I wasn’t doing anything 　46　to make myself better. And at that moment, I made the 　47　: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my 　48　.
That night, I talked to my wife about my 　49　with Kurt and what I had learned. I 　50　her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling. We 　51　that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale. He was offering a 　52　for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to 　53　the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to 　54　together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a 　55　decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.
36.A. working B. preparing C. thinking D. eating
37.A. suggestion B. demand C. plan D. request
38.A. appeal B. look C. call D. qualify
39.A. involved B. trapped C. lost D. bathed
40.A. lecture B. speech C. discussion D. debate
41.A. calculated B. listened C. drank D. explained
42.A. eagerly B. gradually C. gratefully D. finally
43.A. admitted B. interrupted C. apologized D. complained
44.A. automatic B. slow C. independent D. changing
45.A. confused B. informed C. pleased D. hit
46.A. on loan B. on purpose C. on sale D. on balance
47.A. comment B. announcement C. decision D. arrangement
48.A. life B. progress C. performance D. investment
49.A. contract B. conversation C. negotiation D. argument
50.A. lent B. sold C. showed D. offered
51.A. recalled B. defined C. recognized D. declared
52.A. tool B. method C. way D. rule
53.A. provide B. buy C. give D. deliver
54.A. grow B. survive C. move D. gather
55.A. difficult B. random C. firm D. wise
【语篇解读】与一位励志大师的邂逅，使作者认识到人生应该有成长计划，由此他拥有了幸福的人生。
36.D根据上文中的＂breakfast＂可知，应选择eating， 表示他们在一起吃饭。
37.C根据下文中的＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth＂可知本题选择plan，表示个人成长计划。
38.D作者听到问题后竭力寻找能够回答问题的答案，qualify＂符合，配得上＂，符合句意。
39.A (be)involved (in)＂参加＂，符合句意。
40.B根据下文的＂I must have talked for ten minutes＂可知作者滔滔不绝地说了起来，就像是在演讲，因此选择speech。
41.B Kurt耐心地听着，因此选择listened。
42.D听完之后，Kurt终于发表了自己的看法。finally符合句意。
43.A根据作者的答语＂No＂可知，作者同意Kurt的说法，承认自己没有这样的成长计划。因此选择admitted。
44.A根据文章内容可知，成长不是一个自发的过程，而是需要计划的，因此本题选择automatic。
45.D根据本段的内容可知，作者此时领悟到了Kurt所说的话。hit表示＂使突然想起＂。
46.B本句的意思是作者以前一直没有有目的地去让自己更好地成长。on purpose＂有意地＂，符合句意。
47.C根据句中的＂I will develop and follow a personal growth plan...＂可知作者此刻作了决定，因此选择decision。
48.A根据下文可知，作者制订了人生成长计划，因此选择life。
49.B根据上文可知选择conversation，作者把他与Kurt之间的谈话告诉了妻子。
50.C作者向妻子展示了Kurt出售的书和磁带，因此选择showed。
51.C作者与妻子认为Kurt不仅仅是在销售东西。recognize＂承认，意识到＂，符合句意。
52.C Kurt给我们指明了一条改变我们生活、实现我们梦想的道路。way＂方法，途径＂，后面常用不定式作后置定语。
53.B根据上文的＂was selling＂可知本题选择buy。 
54.A此处表示与妻子一起成长，故选择grow。
55.D根据最后一句可知他们的决定是明智的，因此选择wise。
Cloze 8(2015·浙江卷)
Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives (高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 　21　 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 　22　, they seem to have it made.
On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 　23　 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 　24　 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 　25　 a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
The thing is, a number of them have 　26　 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 　27　 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 　28　. Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 　29　. However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 　30　 to which they have so quickly become 　31　.
People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 　32　 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 　33　 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it’s 　34　. They have loans, bills, a mortgage (抵押贷款) to 　15　, retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 　36　 in their lives, but it’s 　37　 to step off the track.
In a society that tends to 　38　 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 　39　 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 　40　 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.
21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well
22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D.regulations
23. A. last B. least C. second D. best
24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked
25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected
26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded
27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve
28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect
29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty
30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project
31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available
32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather
33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in
34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable
35. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off
36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining
37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal
38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver
39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions
40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced
【语篇解读】讲述作者大学毕业后在工作和生活体验中理解了成功的真正含义，指出＂物质上的成功和享受并不代表精神的富足和幸福＂这一价值趋向。
21.D文章开头提到:作者从哈佛和牛津毕业后，看到一个个朋友高官厚禄，事业有成，再根据空后的＂on their way to impressive careers＂可知应选D。well＂顺利地，令人满意地＂。
22.B根据第一段的描述可知，按照社会的标准来看，他们似乎成功了。standard＂标准＂，符合语境。
 23.A从上文中的＂As they left student life behind＂可知， 这是他们在这个便宜但友好的当地酒吧的最后(last)一杯。故选A。
24.B第二段主要讲这些表面看似幸运的人在生活上的一些变化，因此此处表示从小公寓里搬(moved)出，搬进高楼里。
25.C这些人预订饭店，那里一瓶酒的费用相当于大学里的月租金。equal＂(在大小、数字、数量上)等于＂，符合语境。
26.C根据空后的＂despite their success， they aren’t happy＂可知，他们中的许多人承认(admitted)尽管他们成功，但他们不快乐。 
27.A根据空后的＂of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks＂可知，complain＂抱怨＂，符合语境。
28.B从上文中的＂feel sad for＂可知，空前的tasks是他们不喜欢的。A项意为＂(尤指有计划地)分发，分配＂； B项意为＂不喜欢，讨厌＂；C项意为＂(为……)鼓掌＂； D项意为＂忽略，忽视＂。因此选B。
29.D根据上文中的＂Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 　9　＂可知，他们不尊重他们的公司，并且他们感觉累和空虚。 根据语境可知，空处与＂tired＂并列，故empty＂寂寥的，空虚的＂，符合语境。
30.C然而，他们并没有投入到他们的工作，他们发现他们工作只是为了维持一种他们很快已经适应了的生活模式。
31.A参见上题解析。A项意为＂习惯的＂； B项意为＂指定的＂； C项意为＂独特的，独一无二的＂；D项意为＂可用的，可获得的＂。故A项符合语境。
32.A根据上文中的＂People often... path＂和下文中的＂the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something...leads them to the same conclusion...＂可知，人们经常说想尝试一份更满意的工作，但这种想法最终都落下同样的结局。 因此此处选yet＂但是，然而＂表示转折。
33.D根据上文中的＂leaving their jobs to work for...＂可知，他们离开原来的工作是想做他们认为更加满意的工作。A项意为＂泄露(消息、秘密等)，透露＂； B项意为＂上交＂； C项意为＂放弃＂； D项意为＂认为某事好(或对、可接受)，信任，信赖＂。所以D项符合语境。
34.C下文中提到他们有借款、账单，要还清抵押贷款和为退休存钱，所以，要实现他们前面的想法是不可能的。impossible＂不可能的＂，符合语境。
35.D此处表示有抵押贷款需要还清，所以选D。pay off＂付清(还清)债务＂。
36.A他们承认他们这样的生活有所缺失，但是从这种模式中走出来却又很难。 A项意为＂丢失的＂；B项意为＂鼓舞人心的＂；C项意为＂下沉的＂； D项意为＂明亮的，闪光的＂。故选A。 
37.B参见上题解析。hard＂困难的，不易的＂，符合语境。
38.A在一个趋向于以金钱来衡量一切的社会，我们从小就知道从金钱的角度来考虑我们的决定。measure意为＂衡量，测量＂，符合语境。
39.D A项意为＂灾难＂； B项意为＂动机＂； C项意为＂运动，活动＂； D项意为＂决定＂。此处表示我们从小就知道从金钱的角度来考虑我们的决定，所以选D。 
40.B根据下文中的＂These are...to consider most＂可知，那正是我们许多人忽视的价值，正是我们最需要考虑的价值。所以，此处选involved，＂be involved in ...＂意为＂涉及……＂。此处意为:追求金钱至上，那么与此同时的个人和社会价值呢?
题组二 名校模拟
Cloze 1
There once was a potter (陶工) who was teaching pottery to a class of 20 students. Before an experiment, the 　1　divided the class into two groups, giving each group a simple yet 　2　task. His purpose was to teach his class something about learning and the 　3　between motivation and failure.
For Group One, the task he gave was for each student to make one 　4　pot. For Group Two, the task was for each student to use up 100 pounds of clay 　5　they wanted to create.
The first group 　6　, working on one pot for several days in a row, but most of them 　7　to get it right. The second group went through a lot of clay and 　8　and failed many times. But through failure they also learned, and 　9　their technique. By the end of the experiment most had made several perfect 　10　.
What do you think of this experiment in learning, motivation, and failure? Are the 　11　of the experiment what you expect? There are two important 　12　from this experiment. First, it is important to consider the enablers of the motivation (sometimes hidden) that you 　13　. The second is the importance of not being 　14　about failure because it is a 　15　part of our learning process, which helps us to acquire a new skill.
　16　, there are lessons all around you. When things go wrong, what’s most 　17　is your next step. And that next step is 　18　up to you. It’s up to you to 　19　improving your continuous learning in your environment. In many situations, your competitor may be 　20　the ideas or inspiration. But the key lies in knowing that it is within you. It’s up to you to improve your ability to learn.
1. A.coach B.painter C.potter D.headmaster
2. A.similar B.different C.long D.special
3. A.relationship B.concern C.cause D.similarity
4. A.pretty B.small C.strong D.perfect
5. A.wherever B.however C.whatever D.whichever
6. A.prepared B.struggled C.followed D.hesitated
7. A.failed B.agreed C.promised D.refused
8. A.discussed B.sighed C.waited D.experimented
9. A.shared B.applied C.improved D.remembered
10. A.bowls B.pots C.toys D.jars
11. A.results B.stories C.conclusions D.chances
12. A.methods B.factors C.ways D.lessons
13. A.design B.discover C.employ D.ignore
14. A.familiar B.concerned C.bored D.angry
15. A.natural B.basic C.common D.central
16. A.Fortunately B.Finally C.Certainly D.Actually
17. A.unforgettable B.interesting C.important D.incredible
18. A.hardly B.completely C.nearly D.simply
19. A.keep B.consider C.allow D.admit
20. A.appreciating B.supporting C.opposing D.providing
【语篇解读】本文介绍了一个陶工所做的教学实验。这个实验告诉我们:失败是学习过程中一个自然的组成部分,我们应该从失败中吸取教训,逐步提高自己。
1. C 【解析】一位陶工给20名学生上课,给他们传授制陶工艺。在一次实验前,这位陶工(potter)把学生分为两组。
2. B 【解析】陶工给每一组分配了一项简单却不同的任务。由句中的yet及上下文语境可知,此处应填different。
3. A 【解析】结合语境可知,此处表示"动机与失败之间的关系(relationship)"。故选A。
4. D 【解析】由下文中的"made several perfect 　　"可知,陶工让第一组的学生每人制作一个完美的(perfect)陶罐。
5. C 【解析】根据语境可知,此处表示无论他们想创作什么,用完100磅的陶土就行。whatever"无论什么",符合语境。
6. B 【解析】根据语境可知,第一组学生努力(struggled)制作陶罐。
7. A 【解析】他们连续几天制作陶罐,但是大多数人都没能(failed)制作出完美的陶罐。
8. D 【解析】第二组学生仔细研究了大量的陶土,做了很多次实验,也失败了很多次。experiment"做实验",符合语境。discuss"讨论",sigh"叹气",wait"等待",均不符合语境。
9. C 【解析】但是,通过失败他们也学习并且提高了(improved)自己的制作工艺。share"分享",apply"应用",remember"记得",均不符合语境。
10. B 【解析】根据语境可知,陶工让学生制作陶罐,实验结束时,大多数学生都制作了好几个完美的陶罐(pots)。
11. A 【解析】根据语境可知,此处意为"试验的结果(results)是你期待的吗?"。故选A。
12. D 【解析】由下文中的"there are lessons all around you"可知,我们可以从这个实验中获得两个重要的教训(lessons)。
13. C 【解析】由下文中的"up to you"可知,弄清楚你运用的动机的推动因素是很重要的。employ"应用,运用,使用",符合语境。
14. B 【解析】第二点是不要担心失败。be concerned about意为"对……担心,忧虑",是固定搭配。
15. A 【解析】此处表示失败是我们学习过程中一个自然的(natural)组成部分。basic"基本的",common"普遍的",central"主要的",均不符合语境。
16. D 【解析】其实(Actually),你们周围有很多教训值得吸取。fortunately"幸运地",finally"最终",certainly"当然",均不符合语境。
17. C 【解析】此处表示当出了问题的时候，最重要的(important)是你下一步要怎么做。
18. B 【解析】此处表示下一步怎么做完全(completely)由你来决定。hardly"几乎不",nearly"几乎",simply"简直",均不符合语境。
19. A 【解析】根据语境可知,此处应用keep表示不断提高你学习(的能力)。
20. D 【解析】此处表示在许多情况下你的竞争对手可能给你提供(providing)想法或灵感。appreciate"感激,欣赏",support"支持",oppose"反对",均不符合语境。
Cloze 2
We talk about the persistence (坚持不懈) needed to make our dream come true today. Just think of Wilbur and Orville Wright. Their 　1　certainly didn’t happen overnight!
Wilbur was 12 years old and Orville 8 when their father brought home a 　2　. It was a rubber 　3　made in France. They 　4　it so much that they played with it until it broke. Immediately, they began 　5　copies. They were hooked on aviation (飞行器制造)! In 1900, as young men, having built their first glider (滑翔机), they decided to 　6　it out at Kitty Hawk on Kill Devil Hills. It 　7　consistent strong winds, and the somewhat cushioning effects of sand. That first flight was unsuccessful, 　8　it didn’t stop them. After several more tries, on December 17, 1903, with a much 　9　plane, they risked their lives to drive it in the wind. They 　10　flying the world’s first powered airplane. Beginning at 10:35 a.m. that day, Orville 　11　it 120 feet in about 12 seconds! At 12:00, Wilbur flew it 852 feet in 59 seconds! Johnny Moore, one of the five men who 　12　them that morning (in charge of dragging the plane across the sand for positioning), ran to the village of Kitty Hawk 　13　, “They’ve made it!” This was the 　14　of aviation! At this time, Wilbur was 36 and Orville 32. Roughly 24 years had passed 　15　their father gave them that toy!
If you have a 　16　, work at it. If it doesn’t turn out as 　17　, don’t give up! Try again! Who wants to live and say somewhere, “If only” or “What if?” 　18　what you want and accomplish it. Don’t ever give up! 　19　in the world can take the place of persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more 　20　than unsuccessful men with talent. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts (流浪汉). Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent (无所不能的).
1. A. failure B. accident C. achievement D. change
2. A. toy B. tool C. book D. pet
3. A. car B. bicycle C. helicopter D. ship
4. A. desired B. missed C. needed D. liked
5. A. building B. selling C. buying D. drawing
6. A. put B. try C. pick D. carry
7. A. avoided B. prevented C. provided D. caught
8. A. but B. and C. so D. or
9. A. ordinary B. similar C. organized D. improved
10. A. took to B. kept to C. gave up D. ended up
11. A. flew B. placed C. dragged D. pulled
12. A. noticed B. met C. visited D. helped
13. A. laughing B. adding C. crying D. explaining
14. A. result B. birth C. target D. chance
15. A. since B. until C. though D. when
16. A. reason B. dream C. present D. task
17. A. allowed B. decided C. expected D. required
18. A. Worry about B. Return to C. Forget about D. Stick to
19. A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything
20. A. common B. active C. painful D. exciting
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用怀特兄弟试驾飞机的例子告诉我们坚持对实现梦想非常重要，世界上没有什么能够取代坚持。
1. C 根据本空前的“We talk about the persistence (坚持不懈) needed to make our dream come true today. ” 可知，他们的成就（achievement）并非一蹴而就。
2. A 根据本空后的“they played with it”可知，爸爸拿回家一个橡胶玩具（toy）。
3. C 根据本空后的“They were hooked on aviation ”可知，这个玩具是法国制造的橡胶飞机（helicopter）。
4. D 根据本空后的“it so much that they played with it until it broke.”可知，怀特兄弟很喜欢（liked）这个 玩具飞机。
5. A 根据本空后的“In 1900, as young men, having built their first glider”可知，他们制造（building）飞机 模型。
6. B 根据本空前的“In 1900, as young men, having built their first glider ”可知，他们要在 山上试飞(try out）他们制造的第一架滑翔机。
7. C 上文说他们在山上试飞滑翔机是因为山上能提供（provided）持续的强风。
8. A it didn’t stop them与That first flight was unsuccessful是转折关系。
9. D 根据本空前的“ After several more tries”可知，飞机进行了改进（improved）。
10. D 根据本空后的“flying the world’s first powered airplane”可知，他们最终（ended up）成功驾驶了世界 上第一架驱动力飞机。
11. A 根据本空后的“it 120 feet in about 12 seconds!”可知，那天Orville在12秒钟之内飞行了（flew）120米。
12. D 根据本空后的“them that morning (in charge of dragging the plane across the sand for positioning)”可 知，五个人帮助（helped）怀特兄弟试飞。
13. C 根据本空后的“They’ve made it!”可知，Johnny Moore激动地大喊（crying）：“他们成功了”。
14. B 上文说怀特兄弟试飞成功了，这次试飞就是飞行器的诞生（birth）。
15. A 根据本空后的“their father gave them that toy”可知，自从（since）爸爸给他们玩具飞机那天起，24 年已经过去了。
16. B 根据本空后的“work at it”可知，如果你有梦想（dream），就要向着梦想而努力。
17. C 根据本空后的“don’t give up! Try again! ”可知，如果结果不像你所希望（expected）的那样也不要放弃。
18. D 根据本空后的“what you want and accomplish it. Don’t ever give up!”可知，坚持（Stick to）自己的梦 想并努力去实现。
19. B 根据本空后的“in the world can take the place of persistence. ”可知，世界上没有什么（Nothing）能够 代替坚持。
20. A 根据本空后的“than unsuccessful men with talent.”可知，才能不能代替坚持，有才之人没有成功的例 子非常普遍（common）。
Cloze 3
The last thing Kim Powell-Woods wanted for her birthday was a newspaper story. But her day on Wednesday was just too unusual to 　1　. Instead of a traditional 　2　with gifts and a birthday cake, the Limestone woman wanted 　3　. She planned that for her 35th birthday, she would do 35 acts of random kindness for 　4　. “I thought of it a couple of weeks ago, and I sat down one afternoon and 　5　making a list of things I could do,” she said. She added that her job, as a 911 　6　, put her in touch with people who were having very bad days. She wanted a day when she might help people have a(n) 　7　day. “And, as a single mother of two, I know a lot about what it’s like to be in all kinds of 　8　. So, I wanted to give people a little boost,” she explained.
She started at 5 am. At a 　9　station, she helped a woman who was trying to 　10　some household things. She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence. Kim 　11　that gas. Kim made some sandwiches the night before and packed lunches for other 　12　strangers. She gave them away at the bus stop at noon. She remembered what it was like to 　13　the bus and have no plan for 　14　.
The only 　15　she hit was a laundry attendant who 　16　to make change for her. While Kim may have 　17　smiles to 35 faces, at least one woman wanted none of Kim’s 　18　of goodwill. “I’ll probably do this again, and I’ll wait for a(n) 　19　one, like my 40th birthday,” she said. And she might get her 　20　at a bank
1. A. remember B. follow C. ignore D. record
2. A. custom B. culture C. choice D. celebration
3. A. wonders B. smiles C. wealth D. fate
4. A. strangers B. friends C. families D. colleagues
5. A. quitted B. forgot C. started D. regretted
6. A. victim B. operator C. patient D. witness
7. A. shocking B. energetic C. ordinary D. brilliant
8. A. stories B. kindness C. difficulties D. experiences
9. A. gas B. bus C. railway D. underground
10. A. save B. sell C. borrow D. repair
11. A. paid for B. took away C. wasted D. passed
12. A. impolite B. annoyed C. careless D. surprised
13. A. ride B. drive C. push D. wash
14. A. future B. lunch C. life D. work
15. A. success B. enemy C. barrier D. opportunity
16. A. hoped B. managed C. demanded D. refused
17. A. brought B. drew C. lent D. broadcast
18. A. plans B. achievements C. actions D. attention
19. A. easy B. significant C. full D. favorite
20. A. fees B. applications C. encouragement D. change
【语篇解读】如何度过自己的生日才更具有意义呢？一位女士在自己35岁生日时通过帮助别人收获笑脸来庆祝生日。
1. C 考查动词。根据后面的“Instead of a traditional…”可知，她的生日很不同寻常，很难忘记。A. remember 记得，记起；B. follow跟随；追随；C. ignore忽视；不理睬；D. record记录。故选C。
2. D 考查名词。根据第一句可知，她要过生日了，按照传统是要用礼物和蛋糕来庆祝的。A. custom风 俗；B. culture文化；C. choice选择；D. celebration庆祝。故选D。
3. B 考查名词。根据下文她帮助别人的事实以及后面的“The woman smiled at her”可知，在生日这一天， 她想要他人的笑脸作为生日礼物。A. wonders奇迹；B. smiles微笑；C. wealth财富；D. fate命运。 故选B。
4. A 考查名词。根据文章第三、四段的内容可知，她帮助的那些人都是素不相识的人。A. strangers陌 生人；B. friends朋友；families家人；D. colleagues同事。故选A。
5. C 考查动词。根据前面的“I thought of it a couple of weeks ago,”和后面的“making a list of things I could do”可知，几周前她就开始思考这件事，有一天下午坐下来开始把自己能做的事情列出来。A. quitted 放弃；B. forgot忘记；C. started开始；D. regretted感到遗憾。故选C。
6. B 考查名词。根据后面的“put her in touch with people who were having very bad days.”可知，她是一名 话务员。A. victim受害者，遭难者；B. operator经营者；操作员；话务员；C. patient病人；D. witness 目击者。故选B。
7. D 考查形容词。根据前面的“put her in touch with people who were having very bad days.”可知，她的职 业让她常常与那些遭遇不幸的人打交道，所以她想帮助他们开心地过一天。A. shocking令人震惊 的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. ordinary普通的；D. brilliant灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的。故选D。
8. C 考查名词。根据前面的“as a single mother of two”可知，作为一名单身母亲，在生活中会遇到很多 困难。A. stories故事；B. kindness善良；C. difficulties困难；D. experiences经历。故选C。
9. A 考查名词。根据后面的“She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence.”可知，她在一个加 油站帮助了一位陌生人。A. gas汽油；B. bus公共汽车；C. railway铁路；D. underground地铁。故 选A。
10. B 考查动词。根据后面的“She needed money to buy gas to get to work in Momence.”可知，当天早上她 来到加油站。有一位女士因为没有钱，想要卖掉一些家里的东西来加油。A. save救；节省；B. sell 卖；销售；C. borrow借入；D. repair修理。故选B。
11. A 考查动词（短语）。此处指她为那位女士加的油付了钱。A. paid for付钱；B. took away带走；C. wasted 浪费；D. passed经过；通过。故选A。
12. D 考查形容词。她在生日前一天晚上做了一些三明治准备给一些需要帮助的陌生人当午饭，那些人 感到很惊讶。A. impolite没有礼貌的；B. annoyed恼怒的；烦闷的；C. careless粗心的；D. surprised 感到惊讶的。故选D。
13. A 考查动词。根据前面提到她做三明治的事情，再结合后面的“at the bus stop at noon”可知，她生日那 天中午去了汽车站给其他素不相识的人分发午饭，因为她知道坐在汽车上而午饭没有着落的感觉。 A. ride骑马；乘车；B. drive驾驶；开车；C. push推；D. wash洗。故选A。
14. D 考查名词。此处指工作没有计划。A. future未来；B. lunch午饭；C. life生活；生命；D. work工作。 故选D。
15. C 考查名词。根据后面的“a laundry attendant who… to make change for her.”可知，她遇到了一次困难 障碍。A. success成功；B. enemy敌人；C. barrier障碍；D. opportunity机会。故选C。
16. D 考查动词。那个洗衣服务员拒绝为她换零钱。A. hoped希望；B. managed设法做成；C. demanded 要求；D. refused拒绝。故选D。
17. A 考查动词。获得了35个小脸。A. brought带来；B. drew绘画；lent借出；D. broadcast播送，播放。 故选A。
18. C 考查名词。句意：虽然Kim可能获得35张脸，但至少有一个女人不想看到Kim的善意行为。A. plans 计划；B. achievements成就；C. actions行动；D. attention关注。故选C。
19. B 考查形容词。根据后面的“like my 40th birthday”可知，她想等一个重要的日子再做这些事情。A. easy 容易的；B. significant重要的；C. full满的；D. favorite最喜爱的。故选B。
20. D 考查名词。根据前面的“The only… she hit was a laundry attendant who… to make change for her.”可 知，Kim希望那位女士也做出改变。A. fees费用；酬金；B. applications应用；C. encouragement 鼓励；D. change改变；变化。故选D。
Cloze 4
I was born in New York City. My first seven years were spent in Manhattan, and then we moved to the Bronx. As a child with a strong 　1　for knowledge, I went to a public school and received a good 　2　education there.
At the end of my high school I decided to major in science and, in particular, 　3　. One of the 　4　factors may have been that my grandfather, whom I loved dearly, died of cancer when I was 15. I was 　5　motivated to do something that might eventually 　6　a cure for this terrible disease.
With great efforts and help from my parents, I 　7　graduate school at New York University in 1939. I was the only female in my graduate chemistry class, and 　8　my Master of Science degree in chemistry in 1941.
I was doing my research into 　9　with other scientists. When we began to see the results of our 　10　in the form of new drugs which filled real 　11　needs and benefited patients in very 　12　ways, our feeling of 　13　was immeasurable.
Over the 　14　, my work became both my vocation and avocation(业余爱好). 　15　, I became an enthusiastic photographer and 　16　. I have traveled fairly widely over the world, but there still remain many places for me to explore. 　17　major interest is music and I am an opera lover. I also 　18　concerts, ballet and theater.
In my 　19　career I was promoted frequently, and in 1967 I was appointed Head of the Department of Experimental Therapy, a position which I 　20　until I retired in 1983.
1. A. feeling B. desire C. taste D. worry
2. A. further B. higher C. basic D. adult
3. A. politics B. physics C. math D. chemistry
4. A. deciding B. typical C. interesting D. available
5. A. primarily B. racially C. highly D. unwillingly
6. A. make up B. result from C. account for D. lead to
7. A. entered B. left C. searched D. built
8. A. dropped B. gained C. exchanged D. used
9. A. music B. photography C. history D. drugs
10. A. games B. accidents C. efforts D. behaviors
11. A. medical B. immediate C. luxurious D. extra
12. A. dangerous B. noticeable C. kind D. common
13. A. safety B. guilt C. tiredness D. reward
14. A. weekends B. months C. years D. holidays
15. A. Consequently B. However C. Otherwise D. Similarly
16. A. writer B. dancer C. traveler D. composer
17. A. Other B. Another C. The other D. Some
18. A. enjoy B. dislike C. direct D. plan
19. A. acting B. amateur C. teaching D. professional
20. A. held B. chose C. changed D. found
【语篇解读】文章描述了作者一辈子追求梦想的过程。因爷爷患癌症去世，作者立志学医，最后成为一名出色的医学专家，同时作者涉猎广泛，有很多的兴趣爱好。
1. B 考查名词。根据后半句“I went to a public school and received a good… education there.”可知，作者渴 望获得知识，才会去学校努力学习。A. feeling感觉；感情；B. desire渴望；C. taste味道；D. worry 担心。故选B。
2. C 考查形容词。根据前面的“As a child with a strong… for knowledge,”可知，当时作者还是一个孩子， 所以进入学校学习基础知识。A. further更进一步；B. higher更高的；C. basic基础的；D. adult成 年的。故选C。
3. D 考查名词。根据“I was the only female in my graduate chemistry class.”可知，作者化学专业毕业，说 明作者决定在大学中学习科学，尤其是学习化学专业。A. politics政治；B. physics物理；C. math 数学；D. chemistry化学，医药化学。故选D。
4. A 考查形容词。化学专业是医学类中的一个决定性专业，作者想学习治疗癌症的方法，所以必须学 习化学。A. deciding决定性的，无疑的；B. typical典型的；C. interesting有趣的；D. available可利 用的。故选A。
5. C 考查副词。作者的爷爷在她15岁的时候死于癌症，这给她很大的动力去学习医学。所以使用highly 表示程度。A. primarily初学地；B. racially种族地；C. highly高度地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。故 选C。
6. D 考查动词短语。作者要去做一些事情，这些事情可以带来对癌症的治愈。A. make up化妆，编造， 弥补，组成；B. result from由……造成；C. account for  解释，说明；D. lead to导致，带来。故 选D。
7. A 考查动词。在父母亲的帮助下，在1939年作者进入了纽约研究所。A. entered进入；B. left离开； C. searched寻找；D. built建设。故选A。
8. B 考查动词辨析。此处指作者经过努力获得了理科学位。A. dropped跌落，下降；B. gained获得，赢 得；C. exchanged交换；D. used使用。故选B。
9. D 考查名词。根据第一段可知，作者决心学习医学，所以和其他的科学家在对药物进行研究。A. music 音乐；B. photography照片；C. history历史；D. drugs药物。故选D。
10. C 考查名词。此处指当“我们”回头看自己的努力的结果时候，“我们”的努力带来了一些新的药物，这 些药物填补了人们的医学需要。A. games游戏；B. accidents事故；C. efforts努力；D. behaviors行 为。故选C。
11. A 考查形容词。这些药物以一种可以看见的方式满足了人们对药物的需要。A. medical医疗的，保健 的；B. immediate立即的；C. luxurious奢侈的；D. extra额外的。故选A。
12. B 考查形容词。作者和其他科学家一起发明出很多药物，这些成就是人们可以看见的。A. dangerous 危险的；B. noticeable可以注意到的；C. kind善良的；D. common常见的。故选B。
13. D 考查名词。当人们的努力得到回报的时候，那种有回报的感觉是难以衡量的。本句是指作者的努 力有了回报。A. safety安全；B. guilt内疚；C. tiredness疲惫；D. reward回报。故选D。
14. C 考查名词。根据后面的“I became an enthusiastic photographer and… I have traveled fairly widely over the world, but there still remain many places for me to explore.”可知，“我”的工作成为了“我”的假期和 业余爱好。这不是在周末、月和假期中形成的，而是多年的习惯。“我”一直很努力，在假期里也从 事这药物研究。 A. weekends周末；B. months月份；C. years年；D. holidays假期。故选C。
15. B 考查副词。A. consequently所以，因此；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则，要不然；D. similarly 类似地。根据后一句“I became an enthusiastic photographer”可知，作者成为摄影师，而之前的梦想 是找到癌症的治疗方法，但是却成为了摄影师。上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用however表 示转折。故选B。
16. C 考查名词。根据后面的“I have traveled fairly widely over the world”可知，作者很喜欢旅行，所以成 为了一名旅游家。A. writer作家；B. dancer舞蹈家；C. traveler旅行家；D. composer作曲家。故选C。
17. B 考查形容词。根据前文的摄影师，和下文的music，opera lover，说明作者的爱好不止三个。A. Other 其他的；B. Another三个或三个以上的另一个；C. The other两个中的另一个；D. Some一些。故选B。
18. A 考查动词。根据上一句可知，作者很喜欢音乐，所以喜欢听音乐会、芭蕾和喜剧等。这些都是和 音乐有关的行为。A. enjoy喜欢；B. dislike不喜欢；C. direct指挥；D. plan计划。故选A。
19. D 考查形容词。根据“in 1967 I was appointed Head of the Department of Experimental Therapy”可知，作 者被任命为的负责人，说明在专业上提升很快。A. acting表演；B. amateur业余的；C. teaching教 育的；D. professional职业的；专业的。故选D。
20. A 考查动词。此处是指作者在这个位置上一直到退休。A. held举行，容纳，拥有；B. chose选择； C. changed改变；D. found发现。故选A。