2022-2023学年2023届甘肃省张掖市高三下学期第一次全市联考英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年2023届甘肃省张掖市高三下学期第一次全市联考英语试题含解析，共25页。
 2022-2023 学年第一次全市联考
高三英语试卷
本试卷满分 120 分， 考试时间为 100 分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节， 满分 40 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。
A
The Best Eco-Friendly Gifts
For the eco-conscious, we’ve rounded up our favorite eco-friendly gifts to send to your love.
Reusable Produce Bags (Price: $ 33)
Website: Sears. com
This pack of seven teusable bags are plastic free and made from 100 percent biodegradable cotton. The set includes one cotton net bag, three produce bags, and three food bag. Double stitching and durable seams mean these bags are built to last, and they’re machine washable for easy cleaning.
Wood Bookmarks with Tassels (Price; $ 25)
Website: Etsy. com
Teachers often like to hand out small gifts to students at the end of the year, and this set of wooden bookmarks is a sustainable, affordable way to let students know you care. (Plus, they’re a great reminder to read over holiday breaks!) The bookmarks come with colorful tassels as well, making it easy to mark your place while reading.
Personalized Notebook (Price: $ 13)
Website: Journal. com
This customizable journal is a great gift to jot down notes, used as a daily thought journal, or as a place to keep travel memories or even grocery lists. The cover is made from eco-friendly heavy cotton paper. The pages are recycled cartridge paper that’s perfect for fountain pens and ink as well as other media.
Greener Bamboo Cutting Board (Price: $ 90)
Website: Amazon. com
This bamboo cutting board is naturally bacteria resistant and made from 100 percent Moso bamboo that’s grown in organic soil. One side of the board has a deep juice-catching groove that’s perfect for capturing juices as you cut. After cutting, simply flip the board to the other side for a beautiful presentation large enough for veggie arrangements, watermelon, and more.
1. What can remind you to read?
A. Reusable Produce Bags. B. Personalized Notebook.
C. Wood Bookmarks with Tassels. D. Greener Bamboo Cutting Board.
2. Which may offer more information about kitchen tools?
A. Etsy. com. B. Sears. com. C. Journal. com. D. Amazon. com.
3. What do the listed gifts have in common?
A. They all are expensive. B. They are popular with students.
C. They are made of cotton paper. D. They are sustainable and eco-friendly.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了若干既有趣、又有用的环保材质的礼物，可以把它们送给孩子，也可以送给同学或朋友。这些礼物价格实惠，制作精良，均是赠送亲朋好友的佳品。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段括号中的“Plus, they’re a great reminder to read over holiday breaks！”（此外，它们还能很好地提醒你在假期期间阅读。）可知，Wood Bookmarks with Tassels这款书签可以提醒你进行阅读活动。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段“This bamboo cutting board is naturally bacteria resistant and made from 100 percent Moso bamboo that’s grown in organic soil. One side of the board has a deep juice-catching groove that’s perfect for capturing juices as you cut.”（这种竹子切菜板是由生长在有机土壤中的百分百毛竹制成的，具有天然的抗菌性。木板的一边有一个很深的果汁捕捉槽，这是完美的捕获果汁，当你切割菜的时候。）可知介绍了厨房的双面可用的竹制菜板，属于厨房用具，据此推知，Website: Amazon. com提供更多关于厨房工具的信息。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For the eco-conscious, we’ve rounded up our favorite eco-friendly gifts to send to your love.”（对于有环保意识的人，我们收集了我们最喜欢的环保礼物送给你的爱人。）以及结合文章标题“The Best Eco-Friendly Gifts(最好的环保礼品)”，再联系文章中对各个礼品的介绍，包括制作材料及工艺等，可以推知，这些礼品均是可持续的、环保产品。故选D。
B
When young, I loved going on trail（小路） runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D. program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn’t keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my watch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was underperforming. “Why can’ t I let go and just enjoy myself?” I wondered. But after some introspection（反省）, I realized why I was struggling—both on trail runs and in graduate school.
Going into my Ph. D. , I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser’ s office.
Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadn’ t properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph. D. is like a trail run: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snail’ s pace. And that’ s OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes it’ s best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
4. How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again?
A. Relaxed. B. Tired.
C. Anxious. D. Happy.
5. What resulted in the author’ s poor performance in Ph. D
A. His lack of confidence. B. His lack of hard work.
C. His poor research abilities. D. His poor track record.
6. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph?
A. His desire for success. B. His confidence of trail runs.
C. His expectations in his study. D. His realization after the trail run.
7. What does the author want to tell us?
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Working out regularly is beneficial.
C. It’ s important to make necessary adjustments.
D. It’ s vital to turn to others for help.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在城市水泥路上和在乡村小路上跑步时的不同感受，反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因，告诉读者要学会根据情况来调整自己的预期，去收获成功与满足。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“but I worried I was underperforming”可知，跑步没能让作者放松，相反却感到焦虑，故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。上文中作者对比了在城市水泥路上跑步和在乡村小路上跑步的不同，因此在文章末段作者表达了自己在经历这件事后的领悟，故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。作者在文章中主要通过自己跑步时不同感受的对比，反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因， 告诉读者要学会根据不同的情况来调整自己的预期，故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。如第2小题，根据第三段中的“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选A。
C
Elephants are often seen comforting upset individual elephants with a gentle touch of their trunks reportedly. It’s one thing to witness something that looks like comforting behavior, but another thing to prove that this is what elephants are doing. Now, scientists have shown that Asian elephants do indeed get upset when they see others in trouble, and they reach out to comfort them. Elephants, thus, join the list of other animals, including dogs, wolves and some birds, which have been shown to do so.
Elephants’ responses to stress are difficult to explore because one has to wait for opportunities for these arising naturally in the wild. However, Joshua Plotnik, a scientist at Mahidol University in Thailand got around this problem. He compared Asian elephants’ behaviors during times of stress to those during periods when little upsets them. For 1 to 2 weeks every month for nearly a year, Plotnik spent 30 to 180 minutes daily watching and recording the behavior of 26 Asian elephants living in Elephant Natural Park in northern Thailand.
Other researchers have previously shown that when upset, an elephant moves its ears and raises its tail; it may also make a low sound to show its stress. “When elephants in the park see an elephant behaving in this manner, they typically respond by feeling the same emotion,” Plotnik said, “just as we do when watching a scary movie together. If an actor is frightened, our hearts race and we reach for each other’s hands — a reaction known as ‘emotional contagion’ .”
“But more studies are needed, preferably in wild populations,” Plotnik said. “What is unclear is whether these responses primarily benefit the upset animals, or the res-ponders,” Shermin de Silva, a behavioral ecologist, said. However, the study “provides a very interesting first exploration into the behavior of elephants suffering from stress,” said Graeme Shannon, a scientist at Colorado State University.
8. What does the underlined phrase “got around” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Overcame. B. Faced. C. Found. D. Raised.
9. Why did Plotnik mention the “watching a scary movie” situation?
A. To explain a rule. B. To present a fact.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To support a conclusion.
10. What can be inferred about the study according to the last paragraph?
A. It has some limitations. B. It confirms a prediction.
C. It benefits future studies. D. It is thought worthless.
11. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Elephants copy comforting behavior B. Elephants ask for comfort when in trouble
C. Elephants are easily in low spirits D. Elephants understand their companions ’ feelings
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。研究表明，大象能感知同伴的低落情绪，且会对其进行安慰。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Elephants’ responses to stress are difficult to explore because one has to wait for opportunities for these arising naturally in the wild.(大象对压力的反应是很难探索的，因为人们必须等待在野外自然产生的机会)”以及画线词上文“However, Joshua Plotnik, a scientist at Mahidol University in Thailand”中表示转折意义的however可知，大象对压力的反应很难探究，但是Joshua Plotnik 通过观察大象自然公园里的大象克服了这一困难。故画线词意思是“克服”。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。 根据第三段中““When elephants in the park see an elephant behaving in this manner, they typically respond by feeling the same emotion,” Plotnik said, “just as we do when watching a scary movie together. If an actor is frightened, our hearts race and we reach for each other’s hands — a reaction known as ‘emotional contagion’ .”(“当公园里的大象看到一头大象有这种行为时，它们通常会产生同样的情绪反应，”普洛特尼克说，“就像我们一起看恐怖电影时一样。如果演员受到惊吓，我们的心跳就会加速，我们会伸手去拉对方的手——这种反应被称为‘情绪传染’。”)” 可推知，Plotnik提到了“看恐怖电影”的情况是为了阐明一个概念——情绪传染。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““But more studies are needed, preferably in wild populations,” Plotnik said. “What is unclear is whether these responses primarily benefit the upset animals, or the res-ponders,” Shermin de Silva, a behavioral ecologist, said.(普洛特尼克说：“但还需要更多的研究，最好是在野生种群中进行。”行为生态学家Shermin de Silva说：“目前尚不清楚的是，这些反应主要是对不安的动物有利，还是对反应者有利。”)”可知，该研究还是有一定的局限性的。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now, scientists have shown that Asian elephants do indeed get upset when they see others in trouble, and they reach out to comfort them. Elephants, thus, join the list of other animals, including dogs, wolves and some birds, which have been shown to do so.(现在，科学家们已经证明，亚洲象在看到同类陷入困境时确实会感到不安，它们会伸出手来安慰它们。因此，大象加入了其他动物的行列，包括狗、狼和一些鸟类，它们都被证明会这样做)”和下文的研究发现可知，本文主要讲述的是大象能感知同伴的情绪并给予安慰。D选项“大象能理解同伴的感受”最符合文章标题。故选 D。
D
The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home. The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries.
The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.
That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt—slightly more than 1 teaspoon—compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day. American’s love affair with salty foods has been inked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researcher. The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food.
Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.
But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.
12. What is true about the FDA’s guidance about salt cut?
A. It involves all food companies. B. It concerns homemade food.
C. It will be carried out gradually. D. It will be followed strictly.
13. What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Encourage people to eat out. B. Threaten the food companies.
C. Replace the tradition. D. Bring about changes.
14 Why is China mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To persuade the FDA to be patient. B. To prove the effect of less salt intake.
C. To praise China for its action. D. To introduce a salt replacement.
15. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A. Disproval of the FDA guidelines. B. Reactions to the FDA guidelines.
C. Anticipation of the FDA guidelines. D. Approaches to the FDA guidelines.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针及社会对这项指导方针的不同的反应。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.”（这些建议是在拖延多年后发布的，旨在通过鼓励食品制造商、餐馆和食品服务公司减少食盐的使用，在未来两年半内逐步将钠——盐的化学名称——的平均每日摄入量减少12%）可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐的摄入量的指导目标是在未来两年半内逐步将盐的平均每日摄入量减少12%，由此可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针将逐步实施。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线短语后句“Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.”（一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用）可知，下文专家建议强制减少盐的使用，由此可推断出，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用，不会带来太大变化，所以才会建议强制减少盐的使用，“Bring about changes”意为“带来变化”，能够代替画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt.”（塔夫茨大学的Dariush Mozaffarian博士说，中国最近的一项研究表明，FDA应该更严格地遵守其指导方针。研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低）可知，中国最近的一项研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低，由此可知，少摄入盐会降低中风和心脏问题的几率，由此可推断出，最后一段提到中国是为了证明少摄入盐的效果。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容“Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.”（营养学家和公共卫生专家赞扬FDA解决了钠过量的问题，称这项努力将有助于加强公众对摄入过多盐的危险的关注，并给食品公司带来压力，使其减少对盐作为廉价调味剂的依赖）和最后一段关键句“But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.”（但许多人表示，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用。一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用）可知，文章最后两段主要介绍了人们对FDA减盐的指导方针的反应，有人表示赞扬，有人认为不太可能起到很大的作用，由此可知，最后两段主要讲的是对FDA指导方针的反应。故选B项。
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When a new school semester begins, many children fell very bad about it. They feel very nervous about going back to school. According to the experts, it’s totally normal. Transitions(转变) are hard for everyone, ___16___. That’s because routines are healthy for us, and changing into a new one can throw us off.
For parents, it’s really important to know that it’s very normal for their children to have a whole range of feelings about going back to school — from excitement, to anxiety and sadness, to even anger. ___17___. They might have stomachaches or headaches when thinking about returning to school in September. And that’s all normal, too.
One of the best ways to ease into a new routine is to help the children focus on what they are looking forward to , ___18___. It could be one friend they’re excited to see or even the idea of walking to school every day.
___19___. Walking or biking by the school can help. Hanging out with a kid who’s going to be in the same grade is a better way to relieve anxiety.
Getting enough sleep, exercising, and talking to reliable adults and friends are other effective ways to cope with anxiety and negative feelings. ___20___. “If bedtime is now super late, or there is no bedtime, try to move it an hour earlier every night leading up to your first day of
school,” said an expert.
A. whether you’re a kid or an adult
B. rather than what makes them feel nervous
C. instead of returning to school without preparation
D. For some kids, those feelings can even be physical
E. Most parents don’t have empathy for their children’s feelings
F. Besides, getting used to the new environment before school starts is also a good idea
G. It’s also suggested that kids should get their bedtime back on track a week ahead of school
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。新学期开始的时候，学生可能会因重返学校而感到很紧张，这是很正常的。本 文就如何帮助学生重新适应学校生活提出了一些建议。
【详解】1.上文“When a new school semester begins, many children fell very bad about it. They feel very nervous about going back to school. According to the experts, it’s totally normal. Transitions(转变) are hard for everyone,(当新学期开始时，许多孩子都感到很难过。他们对回到学校感到非常紧张。根据专家的说法，这是完全正常的。过渡对每个人来说都很难)”提到新学期开始，学生因重返学校而感到很紧张，这是很正常的。转变对每个人来说都很难，A 项“无论你是孩子还是成年人”承接上文，符合语境。空前的 everyone 是提示词。故选A。

2. 上文“For parents, it’s really important to know that it’s very normal for their children to have a whole range of feelings about going back to school — from excitement, to anxiety and sadness, to even anger.(对于父母来说，知道孩子们对返校有各种各样的感受——从兴奋、焦虑、悲伤，甚至愤怒，是很正常的是非常重要的。)”提到，对父母来说，很重要的一点是，知道孩子对重返学校有各种各样的感受 是很正常的。再结合空后一句“They might have stomachaches or headaches when thinking about returning to school in September. And that’s all normal, too.(九月开学时，他们可能会胃痛或头痛。这些也都是正常的。)”可知，他们可能会出现胃痛或头痛，这也很正常。可推断D 项“对于一些孩子来说，那些感觉甚至可能是身体上的”符合语境，从心理 上的反应过渡到身体上的反应，承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
3. 上文“One of the best ways to ease into a new routine is to help the children focus on what they are looking forward to(进入新生活的最好方法之一就是帮助孩子们专注于他们所期待的事情)”提到，让孩子适应新常规的最好方法之一就是帮助孩子专注于他们所期待的事 情，因此推断B 项“而不是让他们感到紧张的事情上”承接上文，与上文形成对比，符合语境。故选B。
4.根据下文“Walking or biking by the school can help. Hanging out with a kid who’s going to be in the same grade is a better way to relieve anxiety.(步行或骑自行车到学校可以有所帮助。和将要上同一年级的孩子一起出去玩是缓解焦虑的更好方法。)”提到了两种缓解压力的办法，这些是提前让孩子适应学校的方法。再结合选项可知，F 项“此外，在开学前适应新环境也是一个好主意”可引出下文的解释。故选F。
5. 空后一句““If bedtime is now super late, or there is no bedtime, try to move it an hour earlier every night leading up to your first day ofschool,” said an expert.(一位专家说：“如果现在睡觉时间特别晚，或者根本没有睡觉时间，在你第一天上学之前，试着每天晚上提前一个小时。”)”提到睡眠问题以及解决办法，再结合空前一句中的 getting enough sleep 可知，本段建议调整就寝时间，G 项“也建议孩子们应该在上学前一周将就寝时间调整到正常状态”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
After graduation I managed to work at a news organization. As I was new to the world of____21____ I was often sent to finish ____22____assignments, but I was eager to____23____myself in tough things. All I wanted was to make a ____24____ impression on my seniors.
I____25____a senior colleague named Joy to let me follow him to his meeting with a major leader. Joy____26____ me with recording the process on tape. It was simple, but I was ____27____. I. would learn a little about how inter- views were done.
After we got back to the office, Joy asked me to ____28____ the tapes for editing. To my ____29____, they were all blank! Was this going to cost me my job? Tears welled up in my eyes, with my hands ____30____ I didn’t know how I’d face Joy. He had ____31____ me, but I’d let him down. I could imagine him angry at my____32____and asking me to leave.
When Joy ____33____ and asked me for the tapes, I____34____ and cried, apologetic and embarrassed. “ I think I saved them, but. . . ” I said. However, Joy, with a lot of ____35____as a journalist, had strange____36____on his face. He sat down and looked me in the eye. “You have to make ____37____to learn how you can do the job better next time, right?” he smiled.
I stared at Joy ____38____ . He taught me the most important lesson in my life: Mistakes are ____39____, and what we learn from them is what ____40____the course of our success.
21. A. reporting B. socializing C. writing D. communicating
22. A. heavy B. easy C. boring D. tiring
23 A. bury B. find C. express D. involve
24. A. general B. vivid C. positive D. subjective
25. A. dared B. reminded C. expected D. convinced
26. A. acquainted B. occupied C. assisted D. tasked
27. A. thrilled B. relaxed C. confused D. surprised
28. A. purchase B. replay C. make D. borrow
29. A. regret B. disappointment C. horror D. annoyance
30. A. raised B. trembling C. crossed D. freezing
31. A. trusted B. comforted C. persuaded D. warned
32. A. carelessness B. rudeness C. selfishness D. weakness
33. A. wandered B. arrived C. approached D. returned
34. A. held back B. broke down C. got away D. gave in
35. A. experience B. qualities C. enthusiasm D. responsibilities
36. A. astonishment B. appreciation C. calmness D. hesitancy
37. A. decisions B. commitments C. statements D. errors
38. A. at heart B. in disbelief C. by accident D. with sorrow
39. A. controllable B. unacceptable C. predictable D. unavoidable
40. A. changes B. perfects C. determines D. reflects
【答案】21 A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者是个新人，结果在录制录像带时，因为粗心导致磁带都是空白的。作者非常恐慌，结果同事只是冷静地告诉作者要学会从错误中学习。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我对报道的世界是新人，我经常被派去完成容易的任务，但我渴望参与到困难的事情中去。A. reporting报道；B. socializing社交；C. writing写；D. communicating交流。根据上文“work at a news organization”可知，作者是记者，报道世界。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于我对报道的世界是新人，我经常被派去完成容易的任务，但我渴望参与到困难的事情中去。A. heavy沉重的；B. easy容易的；C. boring无聊的；D. tiring累人的。根据上文“As I was new to the world of”可知，作者是新人，所以被派去完成容易的任务。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我对报道的世界是新人，我经常被派去完成容易的任务，但我渴望参与到困难的事情中去。A. bury埋葬；B. find找到；C. express表达；D. involve涉及。根据后文“myself in tough things”指参与到困难的事情中去。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给我的上级留下一个好印象。A. general普遍的；B. vivid生动的；C. positive积极的；D. subjective客观的。结合上文以及“on my seniors”可知作者想要表现自己，想给上级留下一个好印象。故选C。
25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说服了一位叫乔伊的高级同事让我跟他去见一位主要领导人。A. dared敢；B. reminded提醒；C. expected期待；D. convinced说服。根据后文“a senior colleague named Joy to let me follow him to his meeting with a major leader”可知，作者说服了同事带自己去见领导。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔伊让我把这个过程录在磁带上。A. acquainted熟悉；B. occupied占据；C. assisted帮助；D. tasked委派任务。根据后文“me with recording the process on tape”可知，作者被委派了任务。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很简单，但我很兴奋。A. thrilled激动的；B. relaxed放松的；C. confused困惑的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I would learn a little about how interviews were done.(我会学到一点关于采访是如何进行的)”可知，作者很兴奋自己可以学到东西。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们回到办公室后，乔伊让我把磁带重放一遍以便编辑。A. purchase购买；B. replay重播；C. make制作；D. borrow借来。上文作者把过程录在磁带上，所以现在要重新播放来编辑。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我恐惧的是，它们都是空白的！A. regret后悔；B. disappointment失望；C. horror恐惧；D. annoyance烦恼。根据后文“they were all blank! Was this going to cost me my job?”壳子，磁带都是空的，作者很恐惧。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：眼泪涌上了我的眼睛，我的手颤抖着，我不知道我该如何面对Joy。A. raised筹集；B. trembling颤抖；C. crossed穿过；D. freezing冻结。根据上文“Tears welled up in my eyes”可知，作者因为搞砸了工作，双手颤抖。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他信任我，但我让他失望了。A. trusted信任；B. comforted安慰；C. persuaded说服；D. warned警告。根据后文“me, but I’d let him down”可知，对方信任作者，作者却让对方失望了。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以想象他对我的粗心很生气，要我离开。A. carelessness马虎；B. rudeness粗鲁；C. selfishness自私；D. weakness虚弱。根据上文“I could imagine him angry at my”可知，作者搞砸了工作，所以是粗心。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当乔伊走过来问我要录像带时，我忍不住哭了起来，既抱歉又尴尬。A. wandered徘徊；B. arrived到达；C. approached靠近；D. returned返回。根据后文“and asked me for the tapes”指靠近作者来拿路翔带。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当乔伊走过来问我要录像带时，我情绪崩溃忍不住哭了起来，既抱歉又尴尬。A. held back隐瞒；B. broke down出故障，情绪崩溃；C. got away逃离；D. gave in屈服。根据后文“and cried”可知，作者情绪崩溃，哭了。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，乔伊作为一名记者有着丰富的经验，他的脸上却有一种奇怪的平静。A. experience经历；B. qualities品质；C. enthusiasm热情；D. responsibilities责任。根据上文“However, Joy, with a lot of”可知乔伊是经验丰富的记者。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，乔伊作为一名记者有着丰富的经验，他的脸上却有一种奇怪的平静。A. astonishment惊讶；B. appreciation欣赏；C. calmness冷静；D. hesitancy犹豫。根据后文“He sat down and looked me in the eye. “You have to make”乔伊的表现可知，他十分冷静。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你必须犯错误，学习下次如何能把工作做得更好，对吗？”他笑着说。A. decisions决定；B. commitments承诺；C. statements声明；D. errors错误。根据后文“Mistakes are”可知，指从错误中学习把工作做得更好。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我难以置信地盯着乔伊。A. at heart本质上；B. in disbelief怀疑地；C. by accident偶然；D. with sorrow悲伤地。作者本以为对方会发火，结果乔伊只是冷静地和作者讲道理，所以作者在难以置信。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他教会了我人生中最重要的一课：错误是不可避免的，我们从中学到的东西决定了我们成功的道路。A. controllable可控制的；B. unacceptable不可接受的；C. predictable可预测的；D. unavoidable不可避免的。结合常识，犯错不可避免。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他教会了我人生中最重要的一课：错误是不可避免的，我们从中学到的东西决定了我们成功的道路。A. changes改变；B. perfects完美；C. determines决定；D. reflects反应。根据后文“the course of our success”可知，从错误中学到的东西决定了我们成功的道路。故选C。
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Early detection of visual impairment is crucial ___41___ frequently missed in young children, who are capable of only limited cooperation with standard vision tests.
Recently Chinese scientists ___42___(develop) a smartphone-based deep learning system for early detection of visual impairments in young children. ___43___was reported in the international science journal Nature Medicine last week, the research was conducted by a team ___44___(lead) by Lin Haotian, ___45___professor at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of the Sun Yat-sen University.
The system is designed to induce a steady gaze in children by using cartoon-like video imagery. Cameras capture features of the subjects for ___46___(far) analysis, using deep-learning models. For capable of identifying 16 ophthalmic ___47___(disorder), such as congenital cataracts, congenital posits and congenital glaucoma, the system delivers an average screening ___48___(accurate) of more than 85 percent, said the report.
In the study, more than 25 million frames of videos from 3,652 children were collected ___49___(base) on deep-learning software used in the Tianhe-2 super-computing center in Guangzhou, Guangdong province. ___50___(consequent), the system has the potential to be used by healthcare professionals, parents and caregivers for identifying young children with visual impairments.
【答案】41. but
42. have developed
43. As 44. led
45. a 46. further
47. disorders
48. accuracy
49. based 50. Consequently
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了近期中国科学家所开发的一项用来检测儿童视力衰退的系统。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：早期发现视力损害是至关重要的，但在幼儿中经常被遗漏，他们只能有限地配合标准视力测试。分析句子结构可知，空前的形容词 crucial 和空后的谓语动词 is missed 形成了意义上的转折，应用but连接。故填but。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：最近，中国科学家开发了一种基于智能手机的深度学习系统，用于早期发现幼儿视觉障碍。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以develop作本句谓语，根据时间状语Recently，可知应该用现在完成时，主语scientists为复数。故填have developed。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：国际科学杂志《自然医学》上周报道，这项研究是由中山大学中山眼科中心教授林浩天领导的团队进行的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语成分，且位于主句前，表达“正如”之意，应该用as引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国际科学杂志《自然医学》上周报道，这项研究是由中山大学中山眼科中心教授林浩天领导的团队进行的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was conducted ，所以lead应该用非谓语形式，根据空后的by可知，应该用过去分词表被动。故填led。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：国际科学杂志《自然医学》上周报道，这项研究是由中山大学中山眼科中心教授林浩天领导的团队进行的。分析句子结构可知，professor为可数名词，句中用的单数，前应用不定冠词修饰，professor的发音为辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：通过深度学习模型，相机捕捉受试者的特征，以便进行进一步分析。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词analysis，所以空处应填形容词，根据句意，此处表达“进一步分析”之意，应用far的比较级further。故填further。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：该报告称，该系统能够识别先天性白内障、先天性白内障和先天性青光眼等16种眼科疾病，平均筛查准确率超过85%。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词ophthalmic，所以空处应填名词，disorder意为“疾病”为可数名词，根据空前的16，应该用复数形式。故填disorders。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：该报告称，该系统能够识别先天性白内障、先天性白内障和先天性青光眼等16种眼科疾病，平均筛查准确率超过85%。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词screening，所以空处应填名词，accurate的名词形式是accuracy，为不可数名词。故填accuracy。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，基于广东省广州市天河二号超级计算中心使用的深度学习软件，收集了3652名儿童的2500多万帧视频。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were collected，所以base应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是study，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，故填based。
【50题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，该系统有可能被医疗保健专业人员、父母和护理人员用于识别有视觉障碍的幼儿。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面整个句子，应该用副词修饰，consequent的副词形式是consequently，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Consequently。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分 35 分)
第一节 短文改错 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove，I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.＂Not that way，＂my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
5.考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
6.考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
7.考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。
8.考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。
9.考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the，故在pan前the。
10.考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
第二节 书面表达 (满分 25 分)
52. 假定你是某高中学生会主席李华， 在你校即将举行的外籍学生欢迎会上，作为学生代表 就如何学好中文发言，请写一篇题为： Learn to speak Chinese, Learn to sing Chinese songs. 的发言稿。内容包括：
1. 对新生表示欢迎；
2. 介绍学习中文的好方法；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数 100 左右，题目已经给出， 不计入字数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Learn to Speak Chinese, Learn to Sing Chinese Songs
Hello, everyone!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
【答案】Learn to Speak Chinese, Learn to Sing Chinese Songs
Hello, everyone!
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. It’s my great honor to be here and extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of the whole students.
From today, you will be a senior high school student in our school and start you new life in China. You are supposed to leave your native language aside and try every moment to speak Chinese and surround yourself with Chinese language. In the process, only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language and its essence. Besides, in order to sense the rhythm of the language and its fluency, learn to sing Chinese songs is a better way, in which you can experience the melody and image it creates. All in all, grasp every chance to participate in various activities to relieve your academic stress and enrich your after-school life and you will find it easy to speak Chinese.
Eventually, I hope all of you can have a good command of Chinese and be happy to live an study in China. Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是某高中学生会主席李华，在你校即将举行的外籍学生欢迎会上，作为学生代表 就如何学好中文发言，请写一篇题为：Learn to speak Chinese, Learn to sing Chinese songs. 的发言稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达：extend→express
本质：essence→nature
为了：in order to→so as to
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：All in all, grasp every chance to participate in various activities to relieve your academic stress and enrich your after-school life and you will find it easy to speak Chinese.
拓展句：All in all, grasp every chance to participate in various activities, which will relieve your academic stress and enrich your after-school life and you will find it easy to speak Chinese.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In the process, only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language and its essence. (运用了部分倒装)
[高分句型2] Besides, in order to sense the rhythm of the language and its fluency, learn to sing Chinese songs is a better way, in which you can experience the melody and image it creates. (运用了不定式作目的状语)