译林版英语七年级下册Unit 7 Abilities知识点全解

译林版英语七年级下册知识点全解Unit 7 Abilities 内容全解 Part One  Comic strip 重点全解1、Believe it or not.（P 80）believe it or not意为“信不信由你”，是由whether you believe it or not变化而来，通常置于句首，后面加逗号，再接主句。例如：Believe it or not, I heard from Xie Na.2、Look out, Eddie.（P 80）look out意为“留神；当心，小心”，多用于口语中，用来提醒人们注意当前的危险状态或不安全的场所及事物等，与be careful意思相近。例如：Look out! The car is coming.3、People have different abilities.（P 80）ability此处用作可数名词，意为“能力”，形容词是able，意为“有能力的”。① 表示抽象意义的“能力”，为不可数名词。例如：He is a man of ability. ② 表示不同种类的能力时，为可数名词，可用复数形式。例如：Different people have different abilities.③ 侧重指智慧、天资、天分等方面的意义时，可数或不可数均可，有时还可用复数形式。例如：The girl has a great musical ability.  Everyone admired his abilities.④ 表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等，其后通常要接动词不定式。例如：I think Kitty has the ability to be our monitor. Part Two Welcome to the unit B重点全解1、We can send some to them.（P 81）send及物动词，意为“邮寄，发送，派遣”。send sth to sb=send sb sth，意为“把某物寄给某人”，但当send后表示的词是代词时，只能用send sth to sb形式，而不能用send sb sth形式。例如：They sent me a box of toy.=They sent a box of toy to me.与send有关的短语：send for意为“派人去叫，派人去请”例如：He is ill. Please send for a doctor.send away意为“撵走，开除”例如：The boss sent him away.send up意为“发射”例如：Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.2、Some families are not even able to pay for pens and notebooks.（P 81）(1)  be able to意为“能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。例如：In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.辨析：be able to 与 can① be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。例如：She can sing the song in English.      He will be able to sing this song in English, too.② be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。例如：Luckily, he was able to escape from the fire in the end.      If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him.③ be able to可以表示各种时态，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。例如：I could help you last night, but you didn’t come.      Can you see it there?      He is /was /will be able to help you.（2）pay for意为“为...付款”，在句中常见的结构形式有：① pay (sb) money for sth付钱给（某人）买某物例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.② pay for sth付某物的钱例如：He couldn’t pay for the car at that time.③ pay for sb替某人付钱例如：Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.④ pay sb付钱给某人例如：They pay us every month.⑤ pay money back还钱例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.3、We can raise some money for them to buy these things.（P 81）raise及物动词，意为“募集”。raise money for...意为“为...筹钱”。例如：The students are raising money for a sick girl.raise作及物动词时，还可意为“举起，提高，饲养”。例如：Please raise your hand to answer this question.      Don’t raise your voice.      Some people raise cows in my hometown. Part Three  Reading 重点全解1、He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire. （P 82）（1）brave形容词，意为“勇敢的”。例如：He is a very brave boy.（2）save及物动词，意为“救，救助”。save...from意为“从...中救出...”。例如：The man saved a boy from the river yesterday.     save作及物动词还可意为“节约”。例如：It is important for us to save water.2、Suddenly, he heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire! Help!”  （P 82）hear sb doing sth意为“听到某人在做某事”。例如：Do you hear someone singing in the next room?辨析：hear sb doing sth与hear sb do sth① hear sb doing sth指听见某人正在做某事，强调听到的动作正在进行。例如：When I went back to my room, I heard her reading English in the next room.② hear sb do sth指听到某人做了或经常做某事，强调听到所做的事情已经结束或是经常性的行为。例如：I heard her come in and go upstairs.      I often hear the girl play the violin in the park.3、He went in and found his neighbour, the 79-year-old Mrs Sun, in the kitchen. （P 82）79-year-old是一个合成形容词，意为“79岁的”。这种合成形容词通常在句中作前置定语，修饰后面的名词。其结构形式有两种：① 数词+名词例如：100-metre race     five-year sleep     three-year time②数词+名词+形容词例如：a five-year-old boy     an 800-metre-long bridge4、Her left leg was badly hurt and she could not get out. （P 82）hurt此处用作形容词，意为“受伤的”。例如：If you get hurt, you should go to the hospital.hurt可作及物动词，意为“使受伤，伤害”。例如：I won't hurt you.hurt还可作不及物动词，意为“（身体某部位）感到疼痛”。例如：My back hurts.5、He poured water over his clothes to protect himself. （P 82）to protect himself在这里是不定式短语作目的状语。动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，常译为“为了...”。例如：To keep fit, my father has to give up smoking.6、He put a wet blanket over Mrs Sun and helped her out.（P 82）help sb out意为“帮某人克服困难、解决问题、脱离危险”。例如：The teacher often helps his students out.      Could you help me out?7、Later some firemen came and put out the fire.（P 82）put out及物动词短语，意为“扑灭；熄灭”。当它的宾语是名词时，可以放在其后，也可以放在put与out之间；当宾语为代词时，只能放在put与out之间。例如：The police put out the forest fire at last. = put the forest fire out       Don’t smoke here. Please put it out.与put有关的短语：put on穿上 put away收拾好 put off推迟 put up举起，张贴8、He was in hospital for two weeks.（P 82）in hospital是一个固定短语，意为“住院”。例如：My uncle is in hospital and I must visit him.拓展：in hospital住院     in the hospital在医院里      at table在吃饭      at the table在桌旁      in front of在...（外部）的前面     in the front of在...（内部）的前面      go to school去上学     go to the school去学校      by sea乘船            by the sea在海边      go to bed上床睡觉      go to the bed朝床边走去 Part Four  Grammar 重点全解1、 -- Can I borrow your bike, Millie?-- Yes, you can. Here you are.（P 85）“Here you are.”是英语中常用的句子，意思是“给你”或“你要的东西在这里”，用于别人向你要东西或借东西，你递给他时的应答语。当给对方的东西是单数时，“here you are”和“here it is”两者均可使用；当给对方的东西是复数时，用“here you are”或者“here they are”。2、South Hill is a good place to have fun. （P 85）have fun是一个常用短语，意为“玩乐；玩得开心；过得快乐”，相当于enjoy oneself/have a good time。have fun doing sth意为“做某事很开心”。例如：We will have fun this spring.      Does she really have fun getting together with her friends in her home?3、I left mine at home. （P 85）left是动词leave的过去式。leave sth at/in/on...意为“把某物忘在某个地方”。例如：I left my mobile phone on the bus.辨析：leave与forgetleave指粗心而没带某物或把某物落在某处，其后往往有一个地点状语。例如：He left his exercise book in the classroom.forget指大脑不能记起或回忆起过去的人、事或事情，其反义词是remember。例如：don't forget to take your umbrella with you.4、By the way, can you take your camera with you, Amy?（P 85）by the way意为“顺便说说，顺便问一下”，通常用作插入语，表示说话人要转入一个新的话题。例如：By the way, why do you like TF Boys so much?5、He can hear things far away.（P 86）辨析：far away，faraway，far (away) from与away fromfar away用来表示距离，在句中作状语、定语或表语，意为“远；遥远”，有时away可省略。例如：The town my friend lives in is far (away).faraway形容词，意为“遥远的；久远的”，可指地点和时间，通常放在名词前作定语。例如：My friend lives in a faraway town.far (away) from意为“离...很远”，常表示距离，作表语或状语，away可省略。另外，它还有“远非，远远没有”的意思，后跟名词、代词或形容词。例如：The school is far (away) from my house.away from用于表示确切的距离（此时不用far），away可省略，但句子如果不带from短语，则不能省略。例如：He lives two miles (away) from here.      He lives two miles away.6、What else can he do?（P 86）else副词，意为“另外；其他”，通常放在疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等的后面，或放在something，anything，nothing，anyone，everyone等不定代词之后。例如：who else can you see?      Is there anything else in your bag?      Does anyone else know about it?      Where else do you want to go?      When else can I meet you?辨析：else与otherelse意为“其他，另外，还”，通常在疑问代词who，whose，what；疑问副词when，where及不定代词something，anything，nothing，nobody，anybody等的后面。例如：Would you like something else to drink?other意为“其他的，别的”，通常用在名词的前面，作定语。例如：I don’t like other books.7、He can fly as fast as light.（P 86）as...as意为“和...一样”，表示同级比较。第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。as...as中间要用形容词或副词的原级。否定式为not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as，意为“和...不一样；不如...”。例如：This film is as interesting as that one.      This book is not so/as interesting as you think.拓展：as...as possible意为“尽可能...”。例如：Please answer my question as soon as possible. 一 情态动词can，could，may情态动词是表示说话人的语气或情态，本身有词义但不能单独作谓语的词。常用的情态动词有can，may，must，could，shall，will，need等。情态动词在句中必须后跟动词原形，并与后面的动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1、情态动词can的用法：（1）表示能力，意为“能，会”。例如：Millie can play the piano.（2）表示许可，意为“可以”。例如：You can use my pen. Can you pass me the books?（3）表示推测，意为“可能，会”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。例如：Can he be here?      He can’t have finished his homework.2、情态动词could的用法：（1）could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，意为“能，会”。例如：Could you speak English at the age of six?      His mother is a good cook now, but she couldn’t cook meals three years ago.（2）在某些场合，could可用来代替can，表示现在的情况，could比can语气更委婉。若用could来提问问题，回答时，应该用can，而不用could。例如：--Could you answer me a question?      --Yes, I can./No, I can’t.3、情态动词may的用法：（1）表示许可，意为“许可”。例如：May I come in?      You may take everything you like. （2）表示推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“可能”。例如：He may be very busy now.      He said that she might not be at work today.注意：can和may都不是可能性，can通常用于否定句和疑问句中，而may通常用于肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者均可用于否定句中，但其意思不同：can't意为“不可能”，may not意为“可能不”。另外，can和may均可表示请求允许，但can为一般用词，而may为正式用词。例如：It can’t be true.那不可能是真的。      It may not be true.那可能不是真的。 二   感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情色彩的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。感叹句的基本句型：1、What (+a/an) +形容词+名词（+主语+谓语）！例如：What a clever boy (he is)!      What an interesting story (it is)!      What fine weather!      What beautiful flowers (they are)!2、How +形容词/副词 (+主语+谓语）！例如：How well you look!      How beautiful you sing!      How fast he runs!助记：感叹句what和how的选用，关键看形容词后是否紧跟有名词。如果有，用what（a/an）；如果没有，用how。 Part Five  Integrated skills 重点全解1、Suzy loves it and works hard on the subject.（P 87）work hard意为“努力工作”，此处work为不及物动词，hard为副词。hard work意为“艰苦的工作”，此处work为不可数名词，hard为形容词。例如：He works hard on his study.      Though it is hard work, we must finish it.2、She does not do her best this term.（P 87）do one’s best意为“尽某人最大努力”，等于try one's best；do one's best to do sth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如：I like English, and I’ll do my best to learn it well.3、Good, but sometimes she is careless.（P 87）careless形容词，意为“粗心的”，是由care+后缀-less构成的派生词。反义词为careful，副词为carelessly。例如：It was careless of you to leave your homework at home.      He is very careful, so he often gets full marks.      Driving carelessly is a bad habit.4、I started to play the violin at the age of six.（P 88）① start to do sth意为“开始做某事”。例如：It is starting to rain.② at the age of意为“在...岁时”，相当于when引导的时间状语从句，即when...years old。例如：Li Yundi started to play the piano at the age of seven.=Li Yundi started to play the piano when he was seven years old. Part Six  Study skills 1、Books about different subjects are put in different sections.（P 89）这是一个一般现在时的被动语态的句子，are put是被动语态形式，其中put是过去分词。一般现在时被动语态中谓语动词结构是：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。例如：The pen is used to write.2、Books are organized according to topics.（P 89）according to是一个固定短语，意为“根据”，其中to是介词，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词及从句作介词的宾语。例如：He is an honest businessman, according to what everyone says.      According to John, there will be a meeting next week.3、Novels are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author’s surnames. 小说根据作者的姓氏按字母表顺序排列。（P 89）surname可数名词，意为“姓，姓氏”，相当于last name/family name。例如：What is your surname?      Smith is his surname. Part Seven Task 1、Dear Sir/Madam.（P 90）Sir和Madam是一组表示尊称的对应词，Madam（有时小写）主要用于对妇女（已婚或未婚）的尊称，意为“夫人，女士”等；而Sir（有时小写）主要用于对男性的尊称，意为“先生”。例如： Can I help you, Sir/Madam?注意：Mrs和Madam都可以用来称呼已婚女子，Madam一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用，而Mrs必须和人的姓连用；Mr和Sir都用来称呼男子，意为“先生”，是对男士的尊称。Sir一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用，而Mr必须和人的姓连用。例如：Good morning, Mrs Wang!      Good morning, Sir!2、He is a member of our Project Hope group and often takes part in activities like collecting clothes and books for children in need.（P 90）① take part in是一个固定词组，意为“参加”，通常用于参加群众性活动、劳动、游行等，侧重于参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in互换。例如：Will you take part in the English party?      We should take an active part in school activities.辨析：take part in，join与join intake part in常用来指参加某项活动，并在活动中起一定的作用。例如：He took part in a writing competition last summer holiday.join指参加某个组织并成为该组织中的一个成员。例如：Why not join the Music Club?join in通常指加入到某种活动中来，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动，有时可与take part in互换。例如：How interesting the activity is! All of the students want to join in it.② in need意为“在危难中；在贫困中”。例如：Lei Feng always helped those people in need.      A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。3、Last week, a five-year-old boy lost his way and was crying in the street.（P 90）lose one’s way意为“迷路”，相当于get lost。例如：It is very dangerous to lose one’s way in the forest.4、We look forward to hearing from you soon.（P 90）hear from意为“收到...的来信”，反义词组是write to（写信给...）。例如：Mr Li was glad to hear from his son.      Do you often hear from your pen friend?   短语和句型归纳 短语归纳 
believe it or not信不信由你look out留神；当心clean up打扫；打扫干净give a seat to sb给某人让座Project Hope希望工程send sth to sb把某物寄给某人be able to能；会pay for为...付款raise money筹钱enough to...足够...可以...save...from...从...中救出...next door在隔壁get out出来rush into冲进...put out扑灭；熄灭help sb out帮助某人克服困难be in hospital在住院be afraid恐怕；害怕at that moment那时rubbish bin垃圾箱；垃圾桶in the past在过去；过去swim acrosshave fun玩乐by the way顺便说说；顺便问一下no problem没问题far away遥远as fast as和...一样快do one's best尽某人最大努力play the piano弹钢琴be good at擅长do well in在...做得好play the violin拉小提琴t the age of在...岁时according to根据take part in参加in need在危难中；在困境中lose one's way迷路hear from收到...的来信 句型归纳 How +形容词或副词！多么....啊！enough to+动词原形  足够...可以...hear sb doing sth  听到某人正在做某事would like to do sth  想要做某事something/anything/nothing+形容词  ...的事物have fun doing sth  做某事很开心need to do sth  需要做某事stop...from doing sth 阻止...做某事as+形容词或副词原级+as  ...和...一样...look forward to doing sth  盼望做某事