【备考2023】高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）——重难点09 必考点九 固定搭配

重难点09  固定搭配

随着高考命题由知识型向能力型的转化，对英语常用动词搭配（包括短语动词）的考查方式也日趋灵活多样。因此复习备考时针对动词搭配这一考点要活跃思维，提高解题能力。

熟练掌握固定搭配结构，熟背固定句型是得满分的必备要求。

句式1：It /This / That is /was the first /second /... time that...

考法1 该句型表示 “这/那是第一二次……”, 从句常用完成时。当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，从句用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。

考法2

①、It is( about high) time that...   意为“到某人做…的时候了”，从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were)或“ should+动词原形”。

②、It is time( for sb...)to do    是(某人)做…的时候了。

③、the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。

④、for the first time  意为“第一次”，在句中单独作状语。

经典例句

●The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power，it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...

漆黑的夜晚,风雨交加,电闪雷鸣,我全然被这种力量镇住了;这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…

● And this is the first time I've visited your hometown.    这是我第一次去你的家乡。

句式2、“make+it+adj.+( for sb./sth.) to do sth."结构

考法1 在该结构中, it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式结构，it后的形容词为宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。

考法2

①、能用于上述结构的动词还有 consider, think, find, believe, feel, judge等。

②、该结构中的宾语补足语除了可以用形容词外，还可以用名词(词组)。

③、真正的宾语除了可以用不定式结构之外，还可以用that引导的从句。

经典例句

●Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things?

这种残疾会不会使他们在做一些事情时有困难呢?

●He made it clear that he wanted me to stay for another week.    他清楚地表示他希望我能再待一周。

句式 3  not all...部分否定

考法  not all...表示部分否定。具有全体意义的代词或副词both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, completely, wholly, altogether等，可与not连用构成部分否定。

经典例句

●Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，对身体接触和相互间距离感到舒服自在的程度也并不一样。

句式 4   ever since句型

考法1  ever since意为“从……以后一直”，主句要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。具有类似用法的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month,  "in/for/during/ over the past/last+一段时间”，since...ago等。

考法2  It is/ has been-+时间段+ since...自从…...已经多久了。It will be//was+时间段+ before...再有多长时间才…... ，在“It is/ has been+时间段+ since...”句型中,若 since从句中的谓语动词用的是延续性动词的过去式,句子意思要发生变化，表示该动作结束有多长时间了。

经典例句

●Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.

从中学起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想进行一次伟大的自行车旅行。

●Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.

希腊最著名的作家们生活在古代的雅典。他们的作品影响了后世的作家。

●It was exactly five years since her father had died.   从她父亲去世到现在正好满五年。

●It is a long time since he studied English.    他不学英语好长时间了。

句式 5  too+adj./adv.+ to do sth.   太…而不能做某事

考法1 too在此意为“太; 过于; 过度”, 该句式具有否定意义, 可以转换为“not+adj./adv.+ enough to do sth.”或“so+adj./adv.+that...not...”句式。

考法2 并不是只要出现“too+adj./adv.+ to do sth.”结构, 句子就表示否定意义。

①、too前面有否定词 never或can't时, 表示强烈的肯定意义。

②、too相当于very, 表示“很; 非常”, 修饰kind, ready, willing, eager, anxious, satisfied, happy, glad等表示态度、心情的形容词时, 表示肯定意义。

③、too前面有all, only, but修饰时,  all too/ only too/ but too意为“很; 极; 非常…(到令人遗憾的地步)”, 表示肯定意义。

经典例句

●I'm too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!   我现在忙于享受生活, 无暇担心将来!

● Nothing is too small to celebrate.    即使是小事也值得庆祝。

●It' s never too old to learn.   活到老学到老。

●You cannot be too careful to cross the street.   你过马路时越小心越好。

●He is too willing to follow others' advice.    他非常愿意接受别人的建议。

●They are all too satisfied to do this work.    他们都很乐意去做这项工作。

●That' s only too true.    那千真万确。

● It was but too true.    很遗憾, 那是真实的。

句式 6  It was a time when...

考法  It /This /That / There was a time when...  意为“曾经/一度/那时……”, when在此句型中引导定语从句。

经典例句

●It was a time when the killer whales, or "killers"as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.

那个时期, 虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。

● It was a time when anything seemed possible.     那是一个看似任何事都可能发生的时代。

句式 7  祈使句+and/or/ otherwise+陈述句

考法 “祈使句+and/or/ otherwise+陈述句”为常见句型, 其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句, and之后的句子相当于主句, 所以用一般将来时。如果祈使句与陈述句之间为顺承关系(表示一个肯定条件), 则用连词and连接; 如果它们之间是转折关系(表示一个否定条件), 则用连词or或 otherwise连接。在该句型中,祈使句有时也可换成名词短语。

经典例句

●Get up early, and you'll catch the early bus. =If you get up early, you'll catch the early bus.

早点起床, 你将会赶上早班车。

●Get up early, or you'll miss the early bus. =If you don't get up early, you'll miss the early bus.

早点起床, 否则你会错过早班车。

句式 8  be supposed to do sth.结构

考法1  当“ be supposed to.”的主语为人时, 意为“应该……”或“被期望”, 它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等, 相当于情态动词 should.。

考法2  当“ be supposed to..”的主语为物时, 它表示“本应; 本该”, 用于表示“某事应该发生而没有发生”。

考法3  be supposed to have done sth.  理应做过某事(但可能没有做)(含有虚拟含义)

suppose sb./sth.to be...   认为某人/某物是…

It is supposed that...     人们认为…

be supposed to be...    被认为/料想是…

经典例句

●We' re supposed to check out of the hotel by11o' clock.    我们应该在11点之前从酒店退房。

●The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.

大学时期应当是自主性和成人身份认同的重要成长期。

●Jack is supposed to have finished his work now.     杰克现在应当已经完成工作了。

句式 9   be doing..when...正在做…这时…

考法1  在此句型中, when意为“这时”, 相当于 and then。

考法2  when意为“就在这时; 恰恰在这时”时, 还常用在下列句型中:

be about to do... when...     正打算做…..这时…...

be just going to do... when...     正要做……这时…...

had just done...when...     刚做了……这时…...

be on the point of doing...when...    正要做…...这时…...

经典例句

●He was walking to school the other day when he let a bicycle run right into him.

前些天他正步行去上学,突然有辆自行车迎面撞上了他。

●I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.   我刚想出门,这时有人敲门。

●I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。

●The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.

小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中, 这时公共汽车突然停了。

句式 10  so that引导的从句

考法 1  so that意为“以致;结果”, 引导结果状语从句。

考法2  so that也可表示“以便; 为了”, 引导目的状语从句。

考法3  so that引导结果状语从句与目的状语从句的区别

so that引导目的状语从句时, 从句中常含有情态动词may/might, can/ could, should, would等, 可与 in order that换用; 而引导结果状语从句时, 从句中一般不用can和may等词。

经典例句

●She worked hard so that (in order that everything would be ready in time.

她努力工作,为的是及时作好各项准备。(目的状语从句)

●He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.

他努力学习,结果考试获得了好成绩。(结果状语从句)

句式 11  as...as...引导比较状语从句

考法  

①、as...as...结构中, 第一个as为副词, 第二个as为连词, 引导比较状语从句, 从句常用省略形式; 第二个as也可作介词, 后接名词或代词。

②、同级比较的否定形式为 not so//as.as

③、可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等, 如 twice, three times ,half, a quarter等, 被修饰成分须置于第一个as之前。

当as...as...中间有名词时, 其结构为:“as+adj.+a/an+n (可数名词单数)+as”或“as+adj.+n.(可数名词复数或不可

数名词)+as”。

经典例句

●This film is as interesting as that one.    这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。

●I haven't known him as long as you (have known him).   我认识他的时间没有你长。

●This dictionary is not so useful as you think.    这本词典不如你想的那样有用。

●Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.    你的包比我的贵一倍。

句式 12  so... that...句型

考法1  so... that...意为“如此……以至于…, that引导结果状语从句, 其结构为:

①、so+ adj. /adv. + that...

②、so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+ that...

③、so+many/few+可数名词复数+ that...

④、so+much/ little((少)+不可数名词+that...

考法2  such... that...也引导结果状语从句, 其结构为:

①、such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...

②、such+adj.+可数名词复数+that...

③、such+adj.+不可数名词+that...

当 so.../such...位于句首时, 句子要部分倒装。

经典句型

●And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!

我的记忆量变得如此巨大,甚至连我自己都无法相信!

●Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?

谁没有收到过如此恼人以至于毁掉了一整天的邮件呢?

●Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned about the multiplied nutria that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. =So concerned about the multiplied nutria were scientists in Louisiana that they decided to pay hunters$5 a tail.

路易斯安那州的科学家们如此担心海狸鼠泛滥, 以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴5美元付给猎人们。

●It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.=It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

天气如此热, 谁也不想干任何事。

●I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.= So many mistakes did I make in the composition that the teacher criticized me.

我在作文中犯了许多错误,老师批评了我。

句式 13  “of + n."结构

考法

①、“of+n.”结构中的名词是抽象名词时, 相当于该名词所对应的形容词的意思, 说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性, 在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。具有该用法的名词有: use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等。这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰, 以表示不同程度。

②、“of+n.”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时, 表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的这类名词size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, color等。

③、“of+n.”结构还可以表示人的特点、特性, 常用的有“of+ wealth/ education/ courage/ achievement/ ability”等。

经典句型

● These two rooms are of the same size.   这两间房一样大

●Your sister is a girl of wisdom.     你妹妹是一个有智慧的女孩

句式14  only if句型

考法1  only if引导的条件状语从句, 是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有…(才);只有在…...的时候; 唯一的条件是…” 的意思；与if引导的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用

考法2 【拓展】 if only：意为“要是……该多好；但愿”，常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。它可以独立使用，表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用had done；表示与现在相反的愿望，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；表示与将来相反的愿望，从句谓语用“ would/ could/might+动词原形”。

经典例句

●Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

只有当你把太阳放在那里时，天空中其他行星的运转才能说得通。

●If only you had not told Tom what I said, everything would have been all right.

要是你没有把我的话告诉汤姆就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。

句式15  “find+sb./sth.+宾语补足语”复合结构

考法

①、 find+sb./sth. Doing   发现某人/某物在做(表主动)

②、find sb./sth.done   发现某人/某物被……(表被动)

③、find oneself in//at...   发觉自己在/处于…...

经典句型

●Well, toward nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.

哎,傍晚时分，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。

●I think you'll find more women entering the film business now.

我想你会发现现在有更多的女性进入到电影业。

句式 16  as though/if引导的从句

考法

①、as though/if意为“好像”，引导表语从句和方式状语从句。

②、as though/if引导的表语从句和方式状语从句使用虚拟语气时，若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用“ would/ could//might++动词原形”。

③、如果 as though/if引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符,则使用陈述语气。

④、as though/if引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。

经典例句

●The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

这个国家处处都有樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。

● It sounds as though you had a good time.   听起来你好像过得挺愉快。

●As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around.

她仿佛茫然不知身在何处,犹犹豫豫向四周打量。

●It seemed as if the end of the world had come.   似乎世界末日来临了一样。

句式 17  Nothing could be better...   表示最高级含义

考法1 此句表示“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的了)”，为否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有no，not,  never,  nothing,  nobody,  hardly等。

考法2 比较级表最高级含义的多种表达方式:

比较级 + than +all the other+名词复数

比较级 + than +the other+名词复数

比较级 + than + any other+名词单数

比较级 + than +any of the other+名词复数

比较级 + than +anything/anyone else

经典句型

●He had never felt less like talking to anyone.

他从未如此不想和任何人谈话。

●Ican' t agree with you more..我完全同意你的意见。

●.---Did you sleep well last night?  ---Never better, like a rock.

你昨晚睡得好吗? 从来没这么好过,睡得很沉。

句式18  by the time.+从句

考法1  “ by the time++从句”意为“当……的时候”，只是说过去某个时候的状况主句常用一般过去时,而不用完成时。

考法2   by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候为止”。

①、如果从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时、表示截止到

从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成，即“过去的过去”

②、如果从句用一般现在时或现在完成时(表将来)，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时，表示截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。

考法3  “by+时间状语”，主句也应用相应的完成

经典例句

●He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.    登上峰顶时,他气喘吁吁。

●By the time he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.

到14岁的时候,爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。

●By the time you get back, I shall have finished the work.

到你回来时,我将已经把工作都做完了。

句式19  what if句型

考法1  what if意为“如果…将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于 What shall we// I do if...? what if中what可看作 what should sb.do(某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter(有什么要紧)或 what would happen(将会如何)的省略。

考法2 【拓展】

①、 What for?  为什么? (相当于 For what purpose）?

② 、So what?   那有什么了不起/有什么关系?

③、What/ How about..?……  怎么样?

④、Guess what!  猜猜看!

⑤、What's up?  怎么了?(相当于What' s the matter?)

⑥、How come...?    怎么会……?

经典例句

● What if it isn't a real opportunity? 假如它不是一个真正的机会，将会怎么样?

●I try to figure to myself what if I hadn't seen the other car coming on the wrong side of the road.

我在设想，如果我没有看到另一辆汽车从错误的车道开过来的话，会发生什么。

●So how come you got an invitation and not me?  所以为什么你收到了邀请而我没有?

句式 20 wish后的宾语从句

考法  wish后接宾语从句，意为“但愿……；希望……”，往往指与事实相反或表示不太可能实现的愿望，从句常用虚拟语气：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语常用一般过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语常用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用“ could/ would+动词原形”。

经典例句

● I wish I had not created this creature;  I wish I were on the other side of the world;  I wish I could disappear.

但愿我没有制造出这个家伙；但愿我身处世界的另一边；但愿我可以消失得无影无踪! (第一个wish后的从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望；第二个wish后的从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望；第三个wish后的从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望。)

● Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!

有时我真希望能跟他打电话征求他的意见! (与将来事实相反)

                            （限时30分钟）

1.（2021高考全国甲卷改错) Who will you go in times of trouble?

2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.

3.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist ________earth,Mother Nature.

4.(2020·江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for_______(what).

5.(2020·浙江高考)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________，through agriculture.

6.(2019·浙江高考)The answer ________this question is not clear.

7.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In their cages the monkeys were provided ________touch screens.

8.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Wang Shu,a 49-year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-- which is often referred______as the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28.

9.   (2018·北京高考)-Good morning,Mr Lee's office.

-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment_____ next Wednesday afternoon.

10.(2018·天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的),keeping their eyes on me ________curiosity.

10.  (2018·江苏高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls________ a clear road map and timetable.
11.  (2020·山东高考)Museums must compete __________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.

12.(2018·江苏高考)There are solutions that could light a path _______a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together be

fore us.

13.(2020·全国卷I改错)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.

14.  (2020·全国卷Ⅱ改错)I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.

15.(2018全国卷III )They arrive at the class at low spirits and they leave with a smile.

                    （限时30分钟）

1. Your goals are likely to have the biggest impact _______how you allocate(分配)your savings.

2.Critics say the IB program is not suitable _______every student, or every community.

3.In the fight________the COVID-19 epidemic, many exemplary ind individuals appeared.

4.These competitors are expected to push their own boundaries and set sights  _______world levels.

5.They are vulnerable(脆弱的)___________the disease.

6.Beyond the light you're exposing yourself_______, there's also the simple truth that it's easy to get caught up in what you're reading or watching.

7. But according to sleep doctors, it's a smart idea to_______least give it a try.

8.Even if it takes a few tries to overcome failure and get it right, it's worth it to create something brilliant_______the end.

9.   Instead________burning carbs for energy, your body now starts burning stored fat for energy.
10. _________a general rule, try eating two to three meals per day.

11 Does everyone know what to do if a fire _________ out?

12. There was no one to _________ to, so I felt very sad and helpless.

13. My friend doesn't know which university to choose; she can't_________ up her mind about her future.

14. You said you were looking after your sister. Is that the best excuse that you can ________up with?

15.I'm going to _______ advantage of this tour to explore the his tory of the castle.

16.The thing that is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not________.

17.To everybody's surprise, the fashionable young lady _______ out to be a thief.

18. Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and I'm glad that her efforts at last ________ off.

19.He has been fired and will have to_______ over his respon sibility tomorrow.

20. The old houses are being pulled down to ________room for a new office block.

21.Let's learn to use the problem we are facing_______a stepping-stone to future success.

22. Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential ________putting too much pressure on them.

23. Star skater Wu Dajing won China's first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games _______breaking world record in short track men's 500m.

24. Just hang the towel _______the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.

25.Although the price has gone up by 5%,it's still

the limit set by the government.

26. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them_______the air.

27.Although some people played jokes _______the answers,it didn't take long before they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.

28. With so few specimens of panda bears left ________ the world.
29. Chinese calligraphy is an art of _________(turn) Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.
30. It is seen _________ the walls of offices, shops, hotels, and houses everywhere.