【备考2023】高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）——热点练09 完形填空-记叙文

这是一份【备考2023】高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）——热点练09 完形填空-记叙文，文件包含备考2023高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案全国通用热点练10完形填空-说明文教师版docx、备考2023高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案全国通用热点练10完形填空-说明文学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共46页， 欢迎下载使用。

热点10 完形填空说明文

说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识，进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。








1．利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
2．关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。
3．逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。





真题链接



【2022年全国乙卷】
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___45___ research results in child developmental psychology ___46___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___48___. We then asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ____50____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ____51____ children said that they couldn’t ____52____ to her.
A number of ____53____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ____54____ the questions and knew ____55____ what was asked of them. Their ____56____ to the questions reflected their true ____57____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ____60____ when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D.imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D.assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C
46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B
51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D
56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”以及“Our 　　　19　　　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
(2019·全国卷III)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【答案】41—45 CDBAB 46—50 CCDBA 51—55 CADAB 56—60 CBDAD
【解析】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
41.C考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.D考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色的，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.B考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.B考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.C考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.C考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.D考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 put sth to use把某物投入使用。
49.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.A考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51.C考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.A考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.D考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.A考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.B考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。
56.C考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.B考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.D考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.D考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。
(2015年，安徽卷）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .
Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem
2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products
3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change
4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw
5.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of
6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful
7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division
8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy
9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends
10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve
11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes
12.A.tired of B.addicted to C.worried about D.ashamed for
13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger
14.A.pick up B.pay for C.hold onto D.throw away
15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences
16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure
17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands
18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
19.A.by B.in favour of C.after D.instead of
20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising
【答案】DBBCA CADAC DBADD CBADA
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. key答案；B. reason原因；C. project项目；D. problem问题。根据上文In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知，此处指带来的问题。故选D。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债务；D. products产品。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A. face面对；B. become成为；C. observe观察；D. change改变。根据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。
4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。A. hide隐藏；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to repair it.可知，我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。
5.考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to幸亏，由于； B. As to至于，关于；C. Except for除……之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，此处表示原因。故选A。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽可笑的；C. cheap便宜的；D. powerful强大的，强有力的。根据上文___5___ modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉价。故选C。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love爱；B. lack缺乏；C. prevention预防，阻止；D. division部门，分割。根据下文As ___8___ people, we are always looking for ___9___ to save time and make our lives easier.可知，我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。
8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind和蔼的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文to save time and make our lives easier可知，忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends朋友。根据语境可知，此处指我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等等。A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，维持。根据语境可知，此处指公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。
11.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to适应；改编；B. returns to返回；回复；C. responds to对……做出反应；D. contributes to有助于，导致。根据语境可知，此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。
12考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of对……厌倦；B. addicted to对……上瘾，迷恋于……；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for为……感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for new products also ___11___ to the problem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告说服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer更新的；B. stronger更强的；C. higher更高的；D. larger更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the latest products.可知，广告说服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。
14.考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up捡起，学会；B. pay for付款；赔偿；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D. throw away扔掉，丢弃。根据下文to make room for new ones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. advantages优势，优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences后果，结果。根据下文Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A. show显示，表明；B. record记录，记载；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，权衡。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D. brands品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指保护环境。故选B。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However可是，然而；B. Otherwise否则；C.Therefore所以；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。
19.考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by通过；B. in favour of支持，赞成；C. after在……之后；D. instead of而不是。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending消费；B. collecting收集；C. repairing修复；D. advertising作广告。根据语境可知，此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选A。
热点练



【2020届广东省深圳外国语学校高三4月综合能力测试】
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the 21 that drama evolved from ritual( 宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 22 the natural forces of the world -even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to 23 these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to 24 the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 25 rituals. 26 stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were 27 , but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the 28 of theatre because music, dance, masks, and 29 were almost always used. 30 , a suitable site had to be provided for performances and 31 the entire community did not participate, a(n) 32 division was usually made between the “area of acting” and the “area in which an audience sits”. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was 33 to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually 34 that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 35 effect―success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun- 36 an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from 37 activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in 38 . According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. 39 through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are 40 of animal movements and sounds.
21．A．background B．assumption C．evidence D．theory
22．A．viewed B．employed C．clarified D．dismissed
23．A．take B．possess C．guarantee D．control
24．A．start B．show C．bring D．continue
25．A．usual B．direct C．convincing D．fixed
26．A．Apparently B．Actually C．Eventually D．Naturally
27．A．spread B．abandoned C．followed D．celebrated
28．A．seed B．content C．myth D．history
29．A．costumes B．routines C．instructions D．performances
30．A．As a resultB．In fact C．On the contrary D．In addition
31．A．when B．how C．unless D．while
32．A．deep B．equal C．clear D．extra
33．A．attached B．related C．committed D．tied
34．A．put up B．took up C．took on D．put on
35．A．unexpected B．unpredicted C．prepared D．desired
36．A．whenever B．as C．whatever D．so
37．A．social B．political C．economic D．religious
38．A．accounts B．story-telling C．descriptions D．drama-writing
39．A．at that timeB．at a time C．at first D．at once
40．A．imitations B．creatures C．presentations D．exhibitions
【答案】
21．B22．A23．D24．C25．D
26．C27．B28．A29．A30．D
31．A32．C33．A34．C35．D
36．B37．D38．B39．C40．A
【解析】本文是说明文。关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，本文主要介绍了其中一种理论假设：戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的，并顺带提到另外两种理论假设。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天最为广泛接受的一个理论是基于戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的假设。A. background背景；B. assumption 假定；假设；C. evidence 证据；D. theory 理论。根据后文“that drama evolved from ritual”可知这个理论认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的，这只是一种假设，故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，人类把世界上的自然力量，甚至季节的变化都看作是不可预测的。A. viewed看待；B. employed雇佣； C. clarified 澄清；D. dismissed 解散；解雇。根据后文“ as unpredictable”可知人类巴把这些都看作是不可预测的，view…as是固定搭配，意为“”把……看作是”符合句意，故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 A. take 拿；B. possess 持有；C. guarantee保证；担保；D. control 控制。根据后文“these unknown and feared powers”可知这些力量是未知的令人恐惧的，所以人类想要通过仪式来控制它们，选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并被重复（使用），直到它们变成了固定的宗教仪式。 A. start开始； B. show 显示；C. bring 带来；D. continue 继续。根据后文“the desired results”可知有些方法措施带来了人们想要的结果，故选C项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并重复（使用），直到它们变成了固定的仪式。 A. usual通常的；B. direct直接的；C. convincing令人信服的； D. fixed 固定的。根据前文“were then kept and repeated”可知那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并重复（使用）, 如果一直被重复使用，那么这些措施会被固定下来，变成固定的仪式，故选D项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终出现了解释或掩盖这些仪式的神秘的故事。A. Apparently明显地；B. Actually 事实上；C. Eventually 最终； D. Naturally 自然地；天生地。根据“stories arose”可知最后出现了一些关于这些仪式的故事，故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但后来被称为神话的故事继续存在，并为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。 A. spread传播；B. abandoned放弃；遗弃； C. followed跟随； D. celebrated 庆祝。根据后文“but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist”可知但后来被称为神话的故事继续存在。根据But可知后文与空格处形成转折对比，说明有些仪式是被放弃了，但关于这些仪式的故事还在，故选B项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用。A. seed 种子；起源；开端；B. content内容；C. myth 神话；D. history 历史。根据后文“because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used”可知这些宗教仪式用到了音乐，舞蹈，面具和表演服装，所以这些人认为这些仪式是戏剧的萌芽或者说起源，故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。A. costumes表演服装；B. routines日常路线；C. instructions 说明；D. performances 表演。根据后文“Wearing masks and costumes”可知仪式中人们会穿面具和表演服装，故选A项。
30．考查词组辨析。句意：此外，必须为演出提供一个合适的场地。A. As a result结果；B. In fact 事实上；C. On the contrary相反地是；D. In addition 此外。根据后文“a suitable site had to be provided for performances”可知必须为演出提供一个合适的场地，与前文“那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”之间是递进关系，故选D项。
31．考查连词词义辨析。句意：当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候，通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。A. when当……时候；B. how怎么；怎样；C. unless除非； D. while 虽然；然而；当……时候。当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候，通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。故选A项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候，通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。 A. deep 深的；B. equal 平等的；C. clear 明显的；D. extra 额外的。根据后文““area of acting” and the “area in which an audience sits””可知有“演出区”和“观众座位区”，这两个分区差别很大，所以要有一个明显的分界，故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，仪式中还有演员，而且由于在仪式的执行中避免错误是相当重要的，所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务。 A. attached赋予；B. related涉及；相关；C. committed 犯罪；自杀；D. tied 扣；系。根据后文“religious leaders usually that task”可知通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务，这说明在仪式的执行中避免错误这件事被赋予了重要性，并且importance be attached to实际由词组（attach importance to。高度重视….）变化而来符合语境，故选A项。
34．考查词组辨析。句意：此外，仪式中还有演员，而且由于在仪式的执行中避免错误是相当重要的，所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务。 A. put up建造；张贴； B. took up 拿起；开始；C. took on 从事；承担； D. put on 穿上，戴上。根据前文“onsiderable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals”可知在仪式中避免错误的发生被认为是相当重要的，所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务，故选C项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们常常戴着面具，穿着戏服，像演员一样模仿其他人、动物或超自然生灵，并用哑剧表演出想要的结果——打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活。 A. unexpected 出乎意料的；B. unpredicted 不可预测的； C. prepared准备好的；D. desired 渴望的。根据后文“success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-”可知仪式中表演出来的效果有打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活，胜利，雨和阳光都是人类所渴望的想要的，故选D项。
36．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们常常戴着面具，穿着戏服，像演员一样模仿其他人、动物或超自然生灵，并用哑剧表演出想要的结果——打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活。 A. whenever 不管什么时候；B. as 像……一样；C. whatever 无论什么；D. so 所以。根据前文“Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect”可知他们常常戴着面具，穿着戏服，模仿其他人、动物或超自然生灵，并用哑剧表演出想要的结果。演员也会戴面具穿戏服并表演，所以这些人执行仪式时就像演员一样，故选B项。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：最终，这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中脱离出来。 A. social社交的；B. political 政治上的；C. economic 经济的；D. religious 宗教的；信教的。这些戏剧性的表演实际都是宗教仪式，故选D项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一种理论认为戏剧的起源源于人们对讲故事的兴趣。 A. accounts 账目；账单；B. story-telling 讲故事；说书；C. descriptions描述；D. drama-writing 戏剧创作。根据后文“According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread.”可知根据这个理论，故事（关于狩猎，战争和其他）是先被讲述并逐渐被传播，也就是该理论认为戏剧的起源跟人们对讲故事的兴趣有关。故选B项。
39．考查词组辨析。句意：首先，通过一个讲解人来模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色。 A. at that time 那时；B. at a time每次；一次；C. at first 首先；D. at once 立刻；马上。根据“then”可知这里是关于顺序问题的，故选C项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个与之紧密相连的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是体操式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。 A. imitations 仿制；仿品；B. creatures 生物；C. presentations 陈述；D. exhibitions展览。根据后文“of animal movements and sounds.”可知这些舞蹈是对动物动作和声音的模仿，故选A项。
（2020·麻城市实验高级中学高三三模）
Nowadays, many of us track our steps with smart watches, pedometers (计步器) or phone apps and are of course thrilled when we reach that all-important daily goal of 10,000 steps. You might 41 that this number has appeared after years of research.
The 42 number ''10,000'' dates back to a marketing campaign 43 shortly before the start of the1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. A company began 44 a pedometer called the Manpo-kei: ''man'' meaning 10,000, ''po'' meaning 45 and ''kei'' meaning meter. It was hugely 46 and the number seems to have stuck. Many buyers are appealed by the new device.
Since then, studies have 47 the health benefits of 5,000 with 10,000 steps and, not 48 ，the higher number is better. But until recently, all the 49 between hadn’t been studied. I-Min Lee, a professor of 50 at Harvard Medical School, and her team 51 a group of more than 16,000 women in their seventies. Each woman spent a week 52 a device to measure movement during 53 hours. When they 54 the women up an average of four years and three months later, 504 died. How many steps do you think the people alive had been doing? In fact, the average number for 55 was only 5,500 but not 10,000. Women who took more than 4,000 steps a 56 were significantly more likely to still be alive than those who did only 2,700 steps. It's surprising that such a small 57 could have consequences for longevity (寿命).
However, physical conditions 58 from person to person, and we should do it wisely. So count if you find it 59 you, but remember there’s nothing special about 10,000 steps. Set the goal that is 60 for you.
41．A．assume B．admit C．acquire D．afford
42．A．delicate B．ordinary C．abstract D．magic
43．A．recommendedB．launched C．stated D．commanded
44．A．marketing B．purchasing C．manufacturing D．donating
45．A．walkers B．runners C．steps D．numbers
46．A．thoughtful B．successful C．plentiful D．powerful
47．A．identified B．displayed C．compared D．compromised
48．A．excitingly B．disappointinglyC．amusingly D．surprisingly
49．A．signs B．strengths C．symbols D．numbers
50．A．psychology B．mathematics C．medicine D．philosophy
51．A．focused on B．took part in C．got along with D．thought highly of
52．A．associatingB．wearing C．undertaking D．claiming
53．A．walking B．sleeping C．running D．shaking
54．A．remarked B．distinguished C．acquainted D．tracked
55．A．women B．deaths C．survivors D．people
56．A．day B．hour C．month D．week
57．A．distance B．growth C．decrease D．difference
58．A．separate B．reflect C．vary D．recover
59．A．distracts B．motivates C．indicates D．accumulates
60．A．challengingB．appropriate C．beneficial D．creative
【答案】
41．A42．D43．B44．A45．C
46．B47．C48．D49．D50．C
51．A52．B53．A54．D55．C
56．A57．D58．C59．B60．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。当我们达到每天1万步这一至关重要的目标时，我们会兴奋不已，文章说明了计步器的来源。以及一项对16000多名70多岁的女性的研究发现每天走超过4000步的女性明显比每天只走2700步的女性寿命更长。如此微小的差异可能会对寿命产生影响，但是由于身体情况的差异也应适当设定目标。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为这个数字是经过多年研究得出的。A. assume认为；设想；B. admit承认；C. acquire获得；D. afford付的起。结合后文that this number has appeared after years of research.可知是人们认为的具体内容，故选A项。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到1964年东京奥运会召开前不久的一次市场营销活动。A. strange陌生的；B. ordinary普通的；C. abstract抽象的；D. magic神奇的。结合上文可知达到一万步人们就会兴奋不已，可知一万步这是一个神奇的数字。故选D项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到一次市场营销活动，活动是1964年东京奥运会召开前不久启动的。A. recommended推荐；B. launched启动；C. stated陈述；D. commanded命令。结合上文a marketing campaign可知这个神奇数字的由来可以追溯到一次市场营销活动，活动是1964年东京奥运会召开前不久启动的。故选B项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家公司开始销售一种名为“man”的计步器:“man”的意思是10000，“po”的意思是台阶，“kei”的意思是用表计量。A. selling出售；B. purchasing购买；C. producing生产；D. donating捐赠。根据下文Marty buyers are appealed by the new gadget.可知是出售计步器。故选A项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一家公司开始销售一种名为“man”的计步器:“man”的意思是10000，“po”的意思是步子，“kei”的意思是用表计量。A. walkers步行者；B. runners奔跑者；C. steps步子；D. numbers数字。结合上文pedometer可知计步器是用来计算步数的，故此处po的意思是步子，故选C项。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它取得了巨大的成功。A. helpful有益的；B. successful成功的；C. plentiful丰富的；D. powerful强大的。结合后文Many buyers are appealed by the new gadget.可知这个产品取得了巨大的成功。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，研究比较了5000步和10000步的健康益处，毫不奇怪，步数越高越好。A. known知道；B. displayed展示；C. compared比较；D. shown展示。结合下文the health benefits of 5,000 with 10,000 steps可知是在比较这个数字的健康益处，故选C项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，研究比较了5000步和10000步的健康益处，毫不意外，步数越高越好。A. excitingly激动地；B. disappointingly失望地；C. amusingly有趣地；D. surprisingly出人意料地。结合常识可知，人们走得步数越多越有益，这毫不意外。故选D项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但直到最近，两个数字之间的所有数字都没有被研究过。A. signs标志；B. strengths优势；C. symbols象征；D. numbers数字。上文列举的5,000 with 10,000 steps是数字，此处指五千和一万当中的数字没有被研究过，故选D项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学医学院的医学教授I-Min Lee和她的研究小组对16000多名70多岁的女性进行了研究。A. science科学；B. law法律；C. medicine医学；D. history历史。根据下文at Harvard Medical School可知是哈佛医学院的医学教授。故选C项。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：哈佛大学医学院的医学教授I-Min Lee和她的研究小组集中研究了16000多名70多岁的女性。A. focused on关注；集中于；B. took part in参加；C. got along with相处；D. thought highly of高度评价。结合下文a group of more than 16,000 women可知选取了一万六千名女性进行集中研究。故选A项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每位女性都佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备，为期一周。A. taking带走；B. wearing穿着；佩戴；C. holding持有；D. bringing带来。结合下文a device to measure movement可知是佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备。故选B项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每位女性都佩戴了一个测量行走时间的设备，为期一周。A. walking步行；B. sleeping睡觉；C. running奔跑；D. shaking摇晃。结合下文Women who took more than 4,000 steps可知设备是用来测量行走时间的。故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们追踪这些妇女平均4年3个月后，504人死亡。A. asked询问；B. spied侦探；C. found发现；D. followed追踪。结合后文the women up an average of four years and three months later可知他们追踪了这些女性4年3个月。故选D项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，平均幸存者人数只有5500人，而不是10000人。A. women女人；B. deaths死亡；C. survivors幸存者；D. people人们。结合下文was only 5,500 but not 10,000可知除去死亡的人数504人，幸存的人数只有5500人，而不是1000人。故选C项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天走超过4000步的女性明显比每天只走2700步的女性寿命更长。A. day天；B. hour小时；C. month月；D. week周。结合上文took more than 4,000 steps中的数字可知4000步应当是一个人一天所走的步数，其他选项均不符合语境。故选A项。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，如此微小的差异可能会对寿命产生影响。A. distance距离；B. growth成长；C. decrease减少；D. difference不同；差异。结合上文4000步和2700步这是微小的差异却可能会对寿命产生影响。故选D项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，身体状况因人而异，我们应该明智地去做。A. separate分离；B. reflect反映；C. vary变化；D. come来。根据下文from person to person，and we should do it wisely.可知身体状况因人而异，我们应该明智地去做。短语vary from“不同”，故选C项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果你发现它能激励你，那就计步数吧，但记住，一万步并没有什么特别之处。A. distracts分心；B. motivates促使；C. pulls拉；D. defeats打败。结合上文So count if you find it可知如果你发现它能激励你，那就计步数吧。故选B项。
60．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：设定适合自己的目标。A. challenging挑战的；B. appropriate合适的；C. beneficial有益的；D. creative创造性的。结合上文人与人的身体情况不同，因此要按自身情况设定适合自己的目标。故选B项。
（2020·浙江省高三一模）
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds 61 and achievable. But, 62 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 63 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become 64 . They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 65 that the customer remains a customer.
66 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing 67 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any 68 how many customers they have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 69 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 70 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 71 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a 72 customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 73 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 74 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer 75 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 76 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a 77 relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 78 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 79 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 80 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.
61．A．simple B．difficult C．tough D．complicated
62．A．in particularB．in reality C．at least D．first of all
63．A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe
64．A．carried away B．carried backC．carried on D．carried through
65．A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving
66．A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing
67．A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses
68．A．thought B．idea C．opinion D．view
69．A．culture B．social C．financial D．economical
70．A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference
71．A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget
72．A．usual B．ordinary C．common D．regular
73．A．as a resultB．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary
74．A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable
75．A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest
76．A．altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting
77．A．close B．distant C．deep D．shallow
78．A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected
79．A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive
80．A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient
【答案】
61．A62．B63．C64．A65．B
66．D67．A68．B69．C70．D
71．C72．D73．A74．B75．B
76．C77．A78．C79．D80．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老客户，并说明留住老客户的重要性。
61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来简单易行。A. simple简单的；B. difficult困难的；C. tough艰难的；D. complicated复杂的。根据 achievable.可知，虽听起来简单易行。但在现实中，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。故选A。
62．考查介词短语辨析。句意：但在现实中，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特殊地，特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first of all首先。根据前文Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers以及空前的but判断应事实并不那么简单。选B。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦公司吸引了顾客，他们往往忽略了故事的后半部分。A. emphasize强调；B. doubt怀疑；C. overlook俯瞰，眺望，忽略；D. believe相信。根据下文They forget可知，成功吸引顾客之后，常常会忽略故事的另一部分。故选C。
64．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在击败竞争对手、谈判价格、获得订单和交付产品的兴奋中，经理们往往变得忘乎所以。A. carried away忘乎所以；B. carried back回想；C.carried on坚持，继续；D. carried through进行。根据下文They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— ___5___ that the customer remains a customer. 他们忘记了他们认为是无聊一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。由此可知，此处表示经理会忘乎所以。故选A。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们认为是无聊一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。A. denying拒绝；B. ensuring确信，确保；C. arguing争吵；D. proving 证明。他们忘记了他们认为是无聊一面却正是确保留住客户的一个方面。故选B。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样保留住顾客，真地让公司损失大量资金。A. Moving移动；B. Hoping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。fail to do sth未能做某事。如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客户，每年都会给企业带来巨额损失。故选D。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在持续变化的市场上，这是不令人吃惊的。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。此文讲的是公司做生意，故应是市场。选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。A. thought 想法；B. idea主意；C. opinion看法；D. view观点。have an/any idea为固定搭配，意为“知道”。这里指很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。故选B。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化；B. social社交的，社会的；C. financial金融的；D. economical经济的。根据上文可知，很少有公司知道他们失去了多少客户。所以会对财务产生影响。financial implication财务影响。故选C。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的客户数量会对它的业绩产生很大的影响。A. promise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别，意义。make a difference有影响，有关系。这里指对业绩有很大的影响。故选D。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：百分之十五的流失的客户导致预算增长在25 - 85%之间。A. cost 费用；B. opportunity机会；C. profit利润；D. budget预算。根据常识可知，顾客的流失会带来公司预算的增加，故选C。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在美国，多米诺比萨估计一个老顾客在十年内价值超过5000美元。A. usual 通常的； B. ordinary 不同的；C. common共同的； D. regular惯常的。根据下文A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and ___13___ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in ___14___ profits。如果客户第一次来公司就收到了质量很差的产品或服务，结果就再也不回来了，公司就会损失数千美元的潜在利润，可知，此处讲的是老顾客的重要性。regular customers为固定用法，意为“老顾客；常客”。故选D。
73．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：如果一个顾客第一次拜访就得到了质量差的产品或服务，结果就是在也不会回来。A. as a result结果；B. on the whole总体来讲；C. in conclusion总之；D. on the contrary相反。空后是前文的结果，故应选A。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么他就会让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润。A. huge巨大的；B. potential潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasonable 合情合理的。由上文可知，一个老顾客在十年内价值超过5000美元。所以没有回头客，会损失潜在的利润。故选B。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养客户忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. loyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。根据上文可知，留不住老客户让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润，所以要培养客户忠诚度。故选B。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在争取客户上，而很少注意到如何留住客户。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping保持，留住；D. attracting吸引。根据focused on getting customers, with little attention paid可知，此处应留住顾客。故选C。
77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“研究表明，在留住客户和盈利之间存在着一种密切的关系。A. close亲密的；B. distant远处的；C. deep深的；D. shallow浅的。根据下文___18___ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.可知，留住老客户，与客户维护好关系非常重要。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与新客户相比，老客户倾向于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的，假想的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。根据than new customers这里指已建立的顾客，也就是老顾客。故选C。
79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据啥常识和购物经验可知，老顾客往往对价格不太敏感。price sensitive价格敏感性。故选D。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. difficult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. convenient方便的。根据Retaining customers 可知，留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。故选B。
（2020·江苏省高三三模）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Canadian smart－phone maker Research In Motion(RIM), which makes the BlackBerry, says it's back. The company is 81 to reclaim a market it once dominated by 82 two new devices. The last few years have been a painful time for the company as customers deserted its platform in 83 of newer and more 84 devices. This may be the company's last chance to 85 a vital player in an increasingly crowded market place.
Two brand new devices are perhaps a fresh 86 for a company that has seen its global market share 87 from 20 percent three years ago to just over 3 percent today.
For BlackBerry CEO Thorsten Heins, it's another chance to remake a faded 88 . “We have 89 been on a journey of transformation, not only a journey to transform our business and our brand, 90 one that I truly 91 transforms mobile communications into true mobile computing，” he said.
The company promises the same 92 level of network security the BlackBerry is known for, 93 a fast new browser and a more intuitive operating system. The Z10 94 much like the touch－screen phones popularized by its competitors(竞争者), but the Q10 maintains the “qwerty” keyboard that has become BlackBerry's trademark.
Besides the technical and cosmetic(外观上的) updates, Heins says the company will no longer be called RIM or Research In Motion.
“Our customers use a BlackBerry, our 95 work for BlackBerry and our shareholders are owners of BlackBerry. From today on, we are BlackBerry 96 in the world，” he said.
Shareholders will be watching if customers 97 the new devices. The company's stock has dropped as much as 90 percent in the last four years as it lost 98 to competitors. But company shares have doubled in the last four months as anticipation(预期) 99 for the new models.
Analysts say the new devices could make or 100 a company, which many people praise for starting the technological revolution in smart－phones.
81．A．refusing B．trying C．urging D．pretending
82．A．introducingB．reviewing C．rejecting D．discovering
83．A．favor B．charge C．honor D．defense
84．A．popular B．expensive C．complicated D．familiar
85．A．replace B．react C．remain D．reset
86．A．record B．dilemma C．end D．start
87．A．lose B．increase C．rise D．fall
88．A．brand B．trade C．technique D．phone
89．A．specially B．definitely C．doubtfully D．essentially
90．A．and B．or C．but D．so
91．A．agree B．believe C．suspect D．deny
92．A．high B．average C．backward D．normal
93．A．except for B．regardless of C．despite D．along with
94．A．sounds B．smells C．looks D．finds
95．A．employees B．consumers C．relatives D．competitors
96．A．however B．whenever C．nowhere D．everywhere
97．A．adapt B．adjust C．adopt D．advocate
98．A．land B．ground C．soil D．earth
99．A．dropped B．changed C．remained D．grew
100．A．desert B．abandon C．break D．deny
【答案】
81．B82．A83．A84．A85．C
86．D87．D88．A89．B90．C
91．B92．A93．D94．C95．A
96．D97．C98．B99．D100．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑莓手机重回手机市场以及对于回归的相关预期与展望。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司正试图通过推出两款新设备，重新夺回一度占据主导地位的市场。A. refusing拒绝；B. trying尝试；试图；C. urging催促；D. pretending假装。结合上文可知，公司现在的市场缩小了，所以试图（try）重新收回之前的市场。故选B。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司正试图通过推出两款新设备，重新夺回一度占据主导地位的市场。A. introducing引进；B. reviewing回顾；C. rejecting拒绝；D. discovering发现。结合文意可知，公司想要通过引进（introduce）新的设备重新占领市场。故选A。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去几年对苹果公司来说是一段痛苦的时期，因为消费者放弃了它的平台，转而购买更新、更受欢迎的设备。A. favor喜欢；B. charge收费；C. honor尊敬；D. defense防卫。结合文意可知，顾客抛弃了他们的客户端，是因为喜欢（favor）更新的设备。故选A。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去几年对苹果公司来说是一段痛苦的时期，因为消费者放弃了它的平台，转而购买更新、更受欢迎的设备。A. popular流行的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. complicated复杂的；D. familiar熟悉的。结合文意可知，顾客喜欢的是更新更流行的（popular）设备。故选A。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也许是公司的最后在这个日益拥挤的市场上留有一席之地的机会了。A. replace代替；B. react反应；C. remain保持；保留；D. reset重置。本句大意为，这也许是公司的最后在这个日益拥挤的市场上留有（remain）一席之地的机会了。故选C。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一家全球市场份额从三年前的20%下降到今天的3%多一点的公司来说，两款全新的设备或许是一个新的开始。A. record记录；B. dilemma困境；C. end结束；D. start开始。结合文意可知，新设备的引入被看作是公司新的开始（start）。故选D。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于一家全球市场份额从三年前的20%下降到今天的3%多一点的公司来说，两款全新的设备或许是一个新的开始。A. lose失去；B. increase增加；C. rise上升；D. fall下跌。结合句意可知，公司在全球市场的份额由百分之二十下跌（fall）到了百分之三。故选D。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对黑莓首席执行长海因斯(Thorsten Heins)来说，这是重塑一个衰落品牌的又一个机会。A. brand品牌；B. trade贸易；C. technique技术；D. phone电话。结合下文可知，这两项新的设备被看成是一个新的品牌。由此可以推断，对于他们来说，这是一次新的机会来重塑品牌（brand）。故选A。
89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们无疑一直在进行一场变革之旅。A. specially特别地；B. definitely当然；毋庸置疑地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. essentially本质上。本句大意为，毋庸置疑地（definitely），我们已经处于这种转化的旅途中了。故选B。
90．考查连词辨析。句意：这不仅是一场变革我们的业务和品牌的旅程，也是一场将移动通信转变为真正移动计算的旅程。A. and并且；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. so因此。固定句式not only...but also 意为“不仅...而且”，为固定搭配，also 可省略。故选C。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坚信将移动通信转变为真正的移动计算。A. agree同意；B. believe相信；C. suspect怀疑；D. deny否定。结合下文可知，“我”始终相信（believe）的东西就是，移动通信时代最终一定会进入移动计算时代。故选B。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公司对黑莓所著称的高水平的网络安全做出了同样的承诺。A. high高的；B. average平均的；C. backward向后的；D. normal普通的。结合文意可知，公司对黑莓所著称的高水平（high level）的网络安全做出了同样的承诺。故选A。
93．考查介词短语辨析。句意：伴随高水平的网络安全而来的是一个快速的浏览器和一个更直观的操作系统。A. except for除了；B. regardless of不顾；C. apart from除了；D. along with伴随。根据语境可知，高水平的网络安全和一个快速的浏览器和一个更直观的操作系统是相伴而来的。故选D。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Z10看起来很像竞争对手普及的触摸屏手机，但Q10保留了“qwerty”键盘，这已成为黑莓的商标。A. sounds听起来；B. smells闻起来；C. looks看起来；D. finds找到。根据语境可知，Z10看上去很像他的竞争对手推广的触屏手机。故选C。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的客户使用黑莓，我们的员工为黑莓工作，我们的股东是黑莓的所有者。A. employees员工；B. consumers消费者；C. relatives亲戚；D. competitors竞争者。根据前后文可知，此处说的是我们的员工（employee）为黑莓工作。故选A。
96．考查连接词辨析。句意：从今天起，我们将把黑莓手机推向世界各地。A. however无论如何；B. whenever无论何时；C. nowhere无处；D. everywhere到处。根据语境可知，我们要推广黑莓，因此我们将把黑莓手机推向世界各地（everywhere）。故选D。
97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：股东将会观察顾客是否会采用我们的新设备。A. adapt适应；B. adjust调整；C. adopt采取；D. advocate提倡。根据下文的the new devices可推断，股东将会观察顾客是否会采用（adopt）我们的新设备。故选C。
98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司的股票在过去四年里下跌了90%，因为它输给了竞争对手。A. land陆地；B. ground平台；C. soil土地；D. earth地表。失去了股份，是因为失去了与对手竞争的平台（ground）。故选B。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着市场对新车型的预期增加，过去4个月，该公司股价已上涨一倍。A. dropped下降；B. changed 改变；C. remained保持；D. grew生长；增长。由下文的for the new models可知，此处说的是新车型的预期增长（grow）水平。故选D。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分析人士表示，新设备可能成就一家公司，也可能毁掉这家公司。许多人称赞这家公司开启了智能手机的技术革命。A. desert遗弃；B. abandon抛弃；C. break打破；毁灭；D. deny否认。根据语境可知，新的设备可以成就公司，同样也可以毁灭（break）公司。故选C。
（2020·广东省高三一模）
For centuries, Beijing has been one of China's most important cities. 1 a place for emperors and officials, today it is an international city and a popular tourist 2 . People from all over the country are moving to Beijing to 3 jobs and opportunities as this exciting city is a place where dreams can come true. Throughout the city, 4 dressed business people 5 for their offices, mobile phones held to their ears and visitors can only watch and imagine the deals and 6 being made at that very second.
Beijing's streets provide a fascinating 7 of the past and the present. In tea houses, groups of old men play chess 8 the Macdonald's next door is filled with laughing teenagers sipping milkshakes. Walking through the broad streets 9 with designer stores and multi-storey skyscrapers, you can 10 a turn and suddenly find yourself in a century’s old 11 where a fruit seller chats happily to an old woman sitting in the sun. Many of the road signs and advertising billboards are now in 12 , making Beijing more 13 to foreigners. Public transport is efficient, new businesses are 14 , and every modern convenience and international brand is 15 in this booming global city.
Beijing has some of China's most stunning 16 . Visitors often come to Beijing with the single 17 to see the Great Wall, one of the ancient wonders of the world, but once they’ve arrived, they realize that this is only one of the city's 18 . In fact, what visitors ever seem to only 19 about Beijing, is that they simply 20 time before seeing it all.
1．A．Separately B．Importantly C．Originally D．Specially
2．A．place B．destination C．scenery D．feast
3．A．search for B．look into C．race with D．struggle against
4．A．casually B．seriously C．smartly D．traditionally
5．A．call B．work C．advertise D．head
6．A．benefits B．fortunes C．calls D．appointments
7．A．development B．description C．introduction D．mix
8．A．while B．when C．as D．although
9．A．filled B．accompanied C．lined D．equipped
10．A．take B．cross C．find D．face
11．A．shop B．square C．house D．lane
12．A．English B．Chinese C．sight D．order
13．A．attractive B．impressive C．unforgettable D．accessible
14．A．changing B．growing C．trading D．declining
15．A．affordable B．beneficial C．available D．significant
16．A．sights B．traditions C．events D．records
17．A．advantage B．desire C．benefit D．routine
18．A．descriptionsB．attractions C．possessions D．marks
19．A．enjoy B．travel C．complain D．praise
20．A．take up B．get rid of C．make use of D．run out of
【答案】
1．C2．B3．A4．C5．D
6．B7．D8．A9．C10．A
11．D12．A13．D14．B15．C
16．A17．B18．B19．C20．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了北京一直是中国最重要的城市之一，也是著名的旅游城市，以及它目前的发展。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：原来是皇帝和官员的地方，今天它是一个国际城市和一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。A. Separately单独；B．Importantly重要的是；C．Originally 最初；D．Specially特别地。根据下文的today it is an international city和尝试可知，此处用“原来”符合语境，故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：原来是皇帝和官员的地方，今天它是一个国际城市和一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。A. place地点；B．destination目的地；C．scenery 风景；D．feast 盛宴。根据下文的visitors can only watch and imagine the deals and ___6___ being made at that very second.可知此处用“旅游目的地”符合语境，故选B项。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：来自全国各地的人们正搬到北京寻找工作和机会，因为这个令人兴奋的城市是一个梦想可以实现的地方。A. search for寻找；B．look into 调查；C．race with与……赛跑；D．struggle against抗争。根据下文的jobs and opportunities可知此处用“寻找”符合语境，故选A项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在整个城市，穿着利落的商务人士去他们的办公室，手机放在他们的耳朵上，游客只能看到和想象在那一秒的交易和财富。A. casually随便；B．seriously 严肃的；C．smartly聪明地，利落地；D．traditionally传统上。根据下文的business people可知此处用“穿着利落”符合语境，故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个城市，穿着利落的商务人士去他们的办公室，手机放在他们的耳朵上，游客只能看到和想象在那一秒的交易和财富。 A．call呼叫；B． work 工作；C．advertise 宣传；D．head朝着。根据句意可知，此处考查短语head for“前往”，故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在整个城市，穿着利落的商务人士去他们的办公室，手机放在他们的耳朵上，游客只能看到和想象在那一秒的交易和财富。A．benefits好处；B．fortunes 命运，财富；C．calls 电话；D．appointments 约会。根据上文的business people和the deals，可知此处用“财富”符合语境，故选B项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京的街道提供了一个迷人的过去和现在的混合。A．development发展；B．description说明；C．introduction导言；D．mix 混合。根据下文的the past and the present可知此处用“混合”符合语境，故选D项。
8．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在茶馆里，一群老人在下棋，而隔壁的麦当劳到处都是爱笑的青少年在喝奶昔。A. while而；B. when当；C. as当，因为，随着；D. although尽管。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，用“而”符合语境，故选A项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：走在宽阔的街道上，两旁是名牌商店和多层摩天大楼，你可以拐个弯，突然发现自己置身于一条百年老巷子里，一个卖水果的人正和坐在阳光下的老妇人开心地聊天。A．filled填充；B．accompanied 陪伴；C．lined沿……形成行/列；D．equipped装备。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语be lined with“与……并列”，故选C项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：走在宽阔的街道上，两旁是名牌商店和多层摩天大楼，你可以拐个弯，突然发现自己置身于一条百年老巷子里，一个卖水果的人正和坐在阳光下的老妇人开心地聊天。A. take带走；B．cross 十字架；C．find查找；D．face 脸。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take a turn“转弯”，故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：走在宽阔的街道上，两旁是名牌商店和多层摩天大楼，你可以拐个弯，突然发现自己置身于一条百年老巷子里，一个卖水果的人正和坐在阳光下的老妇人开心地聊天。A．shop商店；B．square 广场；C．house 房子；D．lane 巷子。根据下文的where a fruit seller chats happily to an old woman sitting in the sun可推测他们此时在一个小巷子里，故选D项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在许多路标和广告牌都是用英文制作的，让外国人更容易理解北京。A．English英语；B．Chinese 中文；C．sight视线；D．order 命令。根据下文的making Beijing more ___13___to foreigners可知，此处用“英语”符合语境，故选A项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在许多路标和广告牌都是用英文制作的，让外国人更容易理解北京。A． attractive吸引人；B． impressive 令人印象深刻；C．unforgettable 难忘的；D．accessible容易理解的。根据句意可知，此处是指用英语制作广告牌的目的是为了让外国人更容易理解北京，故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共交通是高效的，新的企业正在增长，在这个蓬勃发展的全球城市，每一个现代化的便利设施和国际品牌都是可以找到的。A．changing改变；B．growing 增长；C trading交易；D．declining 衰落的。结合上下文可知，本文主要讲述北京的迅速发展，再根据上文的new businesses可知此处用“增长”符合语境，故选B项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共交通是高效的，新的企业正在增长，在这个蓬勃发展的全球城市，每一个现代化的便利设施和国际品牌都是可以找到的。A．affordable负担得起；B．beneficial有益的；C．available可找到的；D．significant 重要的。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为北京的迅速发展，很多便利设施和国际品牌都可以在北京找到，故选C项。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京有一些中国最令人惊叹的景点。A. sights景点；B． traditions 传统；C. events事件；D. records记录。根据下文的Visitors often come to Beijing with the single ___17___ to see the Great Wall可知，此处用“景点”符合语境，故选A项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：游客来北京往往只想看长城，世界古代奇迹之一，但一旦他们到了，他们就会意识到这只是这个城市的景点之一。A．advantage优势；B．desire 愿望，渴望；C．benefit 利益；D．routine路线。结合常识可知，很多外国人到北京都想看长城，故此处用“渴望”符合语境，故选B项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：游客来北京往往只想看长城——世界古代奇迹之一，但一旦他们到了，他们就会意识到这只是这个城市的景点之一。A. descriptions说明；B．attractions 景点；C．possessions财产；D．marks 标记。结合常识可知，长城是北京众多景点中的一个，故选B项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，游客们似乎只会抱怨北京的是，他们在看到这一切之前就已经没有时间了。A. enjoy享受；B．travel旅行；C．complain抱怨；D．praise 赞扬。根据下文的is that they simply___20___time before seeing it all.可知此处用“抱怨”符合语境，故选C项。
20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，游客们似乎只会抱怨北京的是，他们在看到这一切之前，就已经没有时间了。A. take up拿起；B．get rid of摆脱；C．make use of 利用；D．run out of用完。结合上下文可知，游客们没有更多的时间参观北京的其它景点，因为他们的时间已经用完了，故选D项。
（2020·天津市第一百中学高三月考）
NASA scientists have found evidence of flowing water on Mars. This opens up the possibility of 36 and wonders we can’t begin to imagine. The 37 undoubtedly is an astonishing achievement.
We may be excited by the thought of living things on another 38 , but we seem to have lost 39 in our own. In the past four decades, the world has 40 50% of its vertebrate( 脊 椎 )wildlife. But across the latter half of this period, there has been a steep 41 in media coverage (报道)of the subject.
Think of what would change if we valued 42 on the earth as much as we value the possibility water on Mars. 43 3% of the water on this planet is fresh and of that, two-thirds is frozen. Yet we lay waste to the 44 part. Sixty percent of the water used in farming is 45 by careless irrigation. Rivers, lakes and aquifers ( 地 下 蓄 水 层 )are sucked dry, while what remains is often so bad that it 46 the lives of those who drink it. As for salty water, which so 47 us when apparently detected on Mars, however, on Earth, we express our 48 by destroying it. A new report suggests fish numbers have halved since 1970. Coral reefs are under such 49 that most could be gone by 2050.
A couple of weeks ago, I launched a column focusing on extreme consumption, and 50 suggestions. They have flooded in. Here are just a few of the 51 :wigs(假发)for babies, to allow “baby girls with little or no 52 at all the opportunity to have a beautifully realistic hair style”; The iPotty, which 53 little children to keep playing while toilet training; a smartphone for dogs to take pictures of themselves....
As clever new ways of wasting stuff are continually 54 , we become more and more used to the 55 consumption of the world’s precious resources. Isn’t it time for us to have second thoughts about our lifestyle?
36．A．peace B．trust C．life D．danger
37．A．appearance B．discovery C．performance D．operation
38．A．planet B．stage C．level D．island
39．A．courage B．hope C．pride D．interest
40．A．spread B．lost C．ignored D．found
41．A．climb B．turn C．increase D．decline
42．A．water B．plants C．animals D．air
43．A．Often B．Only C．Even D．Last
44．A．private B．public C．unclear D．accessible
45．A．checked B．chosen C．wasted D．polluted
46．A．saves B．threatens C．enriches D．changes
47．A．interests B．satisfies C．frightens D．terrifies
48．A．complaint B．doubt C．appreciation D．surprise
49．A．pressure B．control C．guidance D．attention
50．A．made B．considered C．invited D．followed
51．A．benefits B．reasons C．features D．products
52．A．time B．hair C．help D．knowledge
53．A．allows B．promises C．persuades D．advises
54．A．criticized B．reported C．replaced D．created
55．A．expensive B．limited C．pointless D．stable
【答案】36．C37．B38．A39．D40．B41．D42．A43．B44．D45．C46．B47．A48．C
49．A50．C51．D52．B53．A54．D55．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类对于地球上宝贵资源的浪费现象：人类对另一个星球上的生物感到兴奋，但似乎对地球上的生物的关注越来越少；人类不珍惜地球上水资源，造成浪费；人们不断做出新型的充满智慧的发明创造，进行毫无意义的资源浪费。最后作者呼吁人类要珍惜资源，重建对环境友好的生活方式。
36．考查名词辨析。句意：这开启了生命的可能性以及我们无法想象的奇迹的可能性。A. peace和平；B. trust信任；C. life生命；D. danger危险。由上文“NASA scientists have found evidence of flowing water on Mars.”可知在火星上发现了流动的水，这是生命可能存在的迹象，故选C项。
37．考查名词辨析。句意：这一发现无疑是一项惊人的成就。A. appearance外观；B. discovery发现；C. performance性能；D. operation操作。由上文“NASA scientists have found evidence of flowing water on Mars.”可知这是美国宇航局科学家的发现。故选B项。
38．考查名词辨析。句意：我们可能对另一个星球上的生物感到兴奋，但我们似乎对自己星球上的生物失去了兴趣。A. planet星球；B. stage舞台；C. level级别；D. island岛屿。由文章第一句中的“on Mars”可知，是另一个星球。故选A项。
39．考查名词辨析。句意：我们可能对另一个星球上的生物感到兴奋，但我们似乎对自己星球上的生物失去了兴趣。A. courage勇气；B. hope希望；C. pride骄傲；D. interest兴趣。由上文“We may be excited by”可知我们对于另一个星球的生物很兴奋并感兴趣，句中“but”意为转折，根据语境感情色彩可判断出所填空是“兴趣”。故选D项。
40．考查动词辨析。句意：在过去的四十年里，地球失去了50%的脊椎动物。A. spread散开；B. lost丢失；C. ignored忽略；D. found找到。此段第一句主题句提到人们对于另一个星球的生物感兴趣但对于自己的地球却不关注，由此可判断由于人们的忽视，导致地球上生物的丧失。故选B项。
41．考查动词辨析。句意：但在这一时期的后半期，媒体对这一主题的报道急剧下降。A. climb爬；B. turn转向；C. increase增加；D. decline下降。此段第一句主题句提到人们对于另一个星球的生物感兴趣但对于自己的地球却不关注，由此可判断媒体对此的报道数量是下降的。故选D项。
42．考查名词辨析。句意：想想看，如果我们一样重视地球上的水和火星上的水，会发生什么变化。A. water水；B. plants植物；C. animals动物；D. air空气。由此句的后半句“as much as we value the possibility water on Mars.”可知此句的对比事物是地球上的水和火星上的水，故选A项。
43．考查副词辨析。句意：地球上只有3%的水是淡水，其中三分之二是冰冻的。A. Often经常；B. Only仅仅；C. Even甚至；D. Last最后。由“3% of the water on this planet”可知此句的感情色彩是想说明地球上淡水资源只有百分之三，说明数量之少。故选B项。
44．考查形容词辨析。句意：然而我们还毁坏可利用的部分水资源。A. private私人的；B. public公众的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. accessible可利用的。联系上下文，由下一句“Sixty percent of the water used in farming is ___10___by careless irrigation”可知讨论的是用于农业灌溉的水被人们浪费，因此此句想表达的是人们对于“可利用的水”的浪费。故选D项。
45．考查动词辨析。句意：农业用水的百分之六十被随意的灌溉方式浪费了。A. checked检查；B. chosen选择；C. wasted浪费；D. polluted污染。由上一句中的“lay waste to”可知这两句围绕水资源的浪费进行论述。故选C项。
46．考查动词辨析。句意：河流、湖泊和地下蓄水层被吸干，而剩下的往往是如此糟糕，以至于威胁到饮用者的生命。A. saves救；B. threatens威胁；C. enriches使丰富；D. changes改变。由此句中的“what remains is often so bad”可知余下的水是不好的，按照逻辑可推理出不好的水威胁着人们的生命健康。故选B项。
47．考查动词辨析。句意：至于咸水，当在火星上被发现时，我们很感兴趣，然而，在地球上，我们通过破坏咸水来表达我们的欣赏之情。A. interests引起兴趣；B. satisfies使满意；C. frightens使惊吓；D. terrifies使害怕。由句中的“when apparently detected on Mars”及上文“We may be excited by the thought of living things on another ___3___, ”可知所填空是问在火星上发现咸水时人们的态度，人们对于火星上发现水是感兴趣的，因此故选A项。
48．考查名词辨析。句意：至于咸水，当在火星上被发现时，我们很感兴趣，然而，在地球上，我们通过破坏咸水来表达我们的欣赏之情。A. complaint投诉；B. doubt怀疑；C. appreciation欣赏；D. surprise惊讶。“however”作为转折，同样是表达对咸水的欣赏，但是对于火星上的咸水和地球上的咸水表达方式不同。interests和appreciation为含有相似感情色彩的词，故选C项。
49．考查名词辨析。句意：珊瑚礁承受着巨大的压力，到2050年大部分珊瑚礁可能会消失。A. pressure压力；B. control控制；C. guidance引导；D. attention注意。由此句后半句“most could be gone by 2050”可判断出此空是珊瑚礁承受着巨大的压力。故选A项。
50．考查动词辨析。句意：几周前，我推出了一个关于极端消费的专栏，并请别人提些建议。A. made使；B. considered考虑；C. invited邀请；D. followed跟随。由下文“They have flooded in.”可知这些意见纷纷到来，可判断出此句是我邀请别人给我提建议，故选C项。
51．考查名词辨析。句意：有以下几款产品。A. benefits利益；B. reasons原因；C. features特征；D. products产品。由下文举出的例子“wigs for babies；The iPotty；a smartphone”可判断出这是人们举出的产品例子。故选D项。
52．考查名词辨析。句意：婴儿假发让“头发很少或根本没有头发的女婴有机会拥有一个美丽逼真的发型”。A. time时间；B. hair头发；C. help帮助；D. knowledge知识。由此句后半句“the opportunity to have a beautifully realistic hair style”可判断出此句在讨论hair头发。故选B项。
53．考查动词辨析。句意：iPotty让小孩子在如厕训练时继续玩耍。A. allows允许；B. promises许诺；C. persuades劝说；D. advises建议。由上一小题所在句中的“to allow ...”可知这些产品能够允许什么人做什么事情，此句和上句由分号连接，以此类推，所填空前后也是由“允许”来衔接。故选A项。
54．考查动词辨析。句意：随着人们不断地创造出新型有智慧的浪费方式，我们越来越习惯于毫无意义地消耗世界上宝贵的资源。A. criticized批评；B. reported报道；C. replaced替代；D. created创造。由上一段中提到的各种被人们创造出来的新型产品，可判断出此空填“创造”符合上下文语境，故选D项。
55．考查形容词辨析。句意：随着人们不断地创造出新型有智慧的浪费方式，我们越来越习惯于毫无意义地消耗世界上宝贵的资源。A. expensive昂贵的；B. limited有限的；C. pointless无意义的；D. stable稳定的。由下一句“Isn’t it time for us to have second thoughts about our lifestyle?”可判断出作者对于浪费的态度，作者认为人们应该改变如今充满浪费的生活方式。所填空是个修饰浪费的形容词，填“无意义的”符合作者态度。故选C项。