【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit1-3 现在完成时语法讲解和练习

这是一份【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit1-3 现在完成时语法讲解和练习，共11页。

8BUnit1-3现在完成时语法（完整讲解）和练习（含答案）
一、现在完成时讲解
8BUnit1语法
1. 构成 ： have / has + 动词过去分词
2. 意义 1）过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
She has lived here since she was born.
You have studied in this school since 2014.
I have taught English for 18 years. (注意： 动词必须为延续性动词)
2）发生在过去，对现在有影响的动作。
I have lost my key, so I can’t get into my house.
Who has cleaned the window? It’s really clean.
The bus has left, you must wait for the next one.
I have seen the film. I won’t see it tonight.
3）到目前为止，事情发生的次数。
I have already read this book many times.
My uncle has been to France twice.
How many times have you been to Beijing?
★现在完成时的不同句式：
1) She has lived in Wuxi since 2002.
→Has she lived in Wuxi since 2002? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
→She hasn’t lived in Wuxi since 2002.
→How long has she lived in Wuxi?
2) They have been to Shanghai three times.
→Have they been to Shanghai three times?Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
→They haven’t been to Shanghai three times.
→How many times have they been to Shanghai?
3.完成时常和以下时间状语连用：
1)already 已经 肯定句 / 特殊疑问句
yet 还，仍 否定句 / 一般疑问句
She has already finished her homework. 句中
She has finished her homework already. 句末
Has she finished her homework yet? 句末
She hasn’t finished her homework yet. 句末
2) ever 曾经 肯定句 / 一般疑问句
never 从未 否定句
I have ever seen the film. （肯定句）
Have you ever seen this film? （一般疑问句）
I have never seen the film. （否定句）
3) since 自从 + 过去的时间点 / 一般过去时从句
for 长达 + 一段时间（ 表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态）
我爸爸在这住了二十年了 。My father has lived here for 20 years.
=My father has lived here since 20 years ago.
自爸爸到无锡以来, 就一直住在这儿。My father has lived here since he came to Wuxi.
4) .a. just 刚刚, 刚才 He has just eaten the food.
b. before 以前 I have seen her before.
5) recently 最近,近来 The workers have built 2 bridges recently.
6)up to now / so far / till now 到现在为止,迄今为止
We have seen the film three times up to now/so far./ till now.
7)once / twice/ three times… / how many times
She has been to Shanghai three times.
8)in /during/ over the past / last … years /….
Many things have happened in/during/over the past three months.
4.动词过去分词的构成
1.加 ed / d
2.不规则：
1.)No change 没变化 come come / hurt hurt
2.)Change the vowel 变元音 hold held / win won
3) Change the consonant 变辅音 lend lent / build built
4)Change the vowel and the consonant 变元音和辅音
catch caught / keep kept / forget forgotten / tell told
5) Others 其它 be been / have had / fall fallen / fly flown / draw drawn / see seen

8BUnit2语法
1. have /has gone to sp. 去了某地（还没回来）
Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong . They will come back next week.
Suzy is not at home at the moment. She has gone to the bookshop.
2. have/has been to sp. 去过某地（已回来）
Mille and Amy have been to South Hill. They want to go there again.
Sandy has never been to South Hill. She wants to go with them.
Where have you been? I have been to the teachers’ office.
3.have /has been in/at /on …+ 一段时间 在某地呆一段时间
My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for two days.
They have been on the farm since they got married.
4.延续性动词（肯定句） + for / since…
怎样将短暂性动词变为可延续的动作或状态?
get a letter from sb. / hear from sb. → have a letter from sb.
come back /go back /return to sp. →be back in sp
get married /marry → be married
become interested in → be interested in
buy → have /own ; borrow → keep
arrive/come/go to → be in ; become a → be a
leave → be away (from) ; join→ be in / be a member of
die → be dead ; open/close → be open / closed
start/begin → be on ; stop /finish/ end → be over
catch a cold → have a cold ; get to know → know
go to sleep → be asleep / sleep ; get out/ up → be out / up
fall ill → be ill ; fall asleep → be asleep
wake up → be awake ; get married /marry → be married
5.短暂性动词，
如 come, go , buy, leave 可用于否定句 + for / since…
6. for + 一段时间
since + 过去时间点/一般过去时从句
8BUnit3语法
一般过去时VS现在完成时
1.现在完成时
构成 ：have / has + 动词过去分词
意义：1）过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。 You have studied in this school since 2014.
2）发生在过去，对现在有影响的动作。 Who has cleaned the window , it’s really clean.
3）到目前为止，事情发生的次数。 My uncle has been to France twice.
★现在完成时常与以下时间连用
already, yet ； ever, never； for…, since…； just ； recently;
so far = until /till now=up to now; once, twice, some times, many times…
in/over/during the past/last + 一段时间 等
2.一般过去时
一般过去时： 表示动作发生在过去 （谈论的是过去的事实）
★ 一般过去时常与以下时间连用
yesterday , last … , … ago , in 1980, just now, the other day(那天，前几天) 等。
1）some day (将来) 某天
总有一天你的愿望会实现的。 Your wishes will come true some day.
总有一天你会实现你的梦想的。You’ll realize your dream some day .
2）the other day = a few days ago （过去） 前几天、那天
那天我在街上碰见过她。 I met her in the street the other day.
这手表我是前几天买的。I bought the watch the other day.
3）one day （过去的）某天+ （将来的）某天
4）the next day （过去）第二天
二、现在完成时练习（含答案）
1.写出下列动词的过去分词
borrow ________ send ___________
hope ___________ watch _________
make __________ say ___________
get ___________ grow _________
plan ___________ hit ____________
cry ___________ enjoy _________
2. 写出下列短暂性动词的非延续性形式。
buy _________ borrow _________
arrive/come/go to _________ become a _________
leave _________ join _________
die _________ open/close _________
get married _________ start/begin __________
stop /finish/ end ___________ catch a cold ___________
get to know ___________ go to sleep ___________
become interested in ___________ get out/ up ___________
fall ill ___________ fall asleep ___________
wake up ___________
3.单项选择
1．（2021秋·江苏南通·八年级南通田家炳中学校考阶段练习）—Is your brother a League member?
—Yes, he ________ the League three years ago. He ________ a League member for three years.
A．joined; has been B．has joined; has been C．was joined; is D．joined; was
2．（2021秋·江苏·八年级统考期末）Her grandfather________ a car in 2007. He________ the car for 10 years.
A．buys; has bought B．bought; has had
C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought
3．（2021秋·江苏扬州·八年级校考期中）Jack ________ Rose in 1998. That is to say, they ________ for 15 years.
A．got married with; have got married B．got married to; have married
C．married; have been married D．married to; have been married
4．（2021秋·江苏镇江·八年级校考阶段练习）—How long ________ you ________ here?
—________ fifteen minutes ago.
A．have; been; Since B．have; been; For C．have; arrived; Since D．did; arrive; For
5．（2021秋·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—Peter, ________ you ________ I AM A SINGER(我是歌手)?
—Of course, I ________ it last Friday night.
A．did; seen; saw B．did; see; have seen C．have; seen; saw D．do; see; saw
6．（2021秋·江苏苏州·八年级校考阶段练习）We ________ some places of interest since we ________ China.
A．visited；arrived B．have visited；arrived
C．have visited；reached D．visited；reached
7．（2021秋·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）Wanda Square _______ for half a year, but I _______ there so far.
A．has opened, haven't got B．has been open, haven't been
C．has been open, haven't gone D．has opened, haven't been
8．（2021秋·江苏苏州·八年级校考期末）— How many times has your brother ________abroad?
— Only once. He _______ to Japan in 2018.
A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; has gone D．gone; has gone
9．（2021秋·江苏南京·八年级南京市金陵汇文学校校考开学考试）— What a beautiful car! When________you________it?
— I________it for two years.
A．did; buy; bought B．did; buy; have had
C．have; bought; have bought D．have; bought; had
10．（2021秋·江苏南通·八年级校考阶段练习）Yesterday Millie ________ me her dictionary and said I could ________ it for a week.
A．lent; borrow B．borrowed; have
C．borrowed; keep D．lent; keep
11．（2021秋·江苏南通·八年级校考期中）—Mr White, when ________ the guide ________?
—She________ for half an hour.
A．did, leave; has been away B．does, leave; has left
C．has, been away; has left D．has, left; has left
12．（2021秋·江苏宿迁·八年级阶段练习）More than 20 people ________ in traffic accidents ________ last week.
A．died; for B．have been dead; since
C．have died; for D．have been dead, for
13．（2021秋·江苏·八年级统考期末）Jim’s father ________ to London last month. He  ________ there three times.
A．went; has gone B．has gone; has been C．went; has been D．has been; has gone
14．（2022秋·江苏淮安·八年级校考期末）It ________ over 100 years since the Communist Party ________.
A．was; was set up B．has been; was set up C．has been; set up D．was; set up
15．（2022秋·江苏苏州·八年级苏州高新区实验初级中学校考期末）— Has your cousin ________ the Humble Administrator Garden（拙政园）?
— Yes, and I think she’ll be back soon because visitors ________ to leave before 5:30 p.m.
A．been to; tell B．gone to; are told C．been to; are told D．gone to; tell
16．（2022秋·江苏常州·八年级统考期末）—Has your cousin ________ the Great Wall?
—Sure. He ________ there with me last summer.
A．been to; has gone B．gone to; went C．gone to; has gone D．been to; went
17．（2022秋·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）Ten years ________ since they ________ Shanghai.
A．have passed; arrived at B．has passed; got to
C．passed; reached D．has passed; reached to
18．（2022秋·江苏苏州·八年级苏州市立达中学校校考期中）Over 2 years ________ since Kobe Bryant ________ in a plane crash.
A．have passed, was dead B．has passed, has died
C．have passed, died D．has passed, died
19．（2021秋·江苏南京·八年级南京市第二十九中学校联考阶段练习）—How long ________ the play ________? — It ________ half an hours ago.
A．has; been over; has finished B．did; finished; finished
C．has; been over; finished D．has; gone to; after
20．（2021秋·江苏南京·八年级校考阶段练习）It is said that a couple of years ________ since the old man ________.
A．has passed; has dead B．has passed; died C．have passed; died D．have passed; had died
21．（2021秋·江苏南京·八年级校考阶段练习）—Can I borrow your bike?
—Sorry, Mary ________ it. I ________ it to her this morning.
A．lent; borrowed B．has borrowed; lended C．lent; has borrowed D．has borrowed; lent
22．（2021秋·江苏南京·八年级南京第五初中校考阶段练习）—Hello, Tom. Where is Jack now?
—Maybe he ________ to the library. But he ________ here an hour ago.
A．has gone; stayed B．has been; stayed C．has been; has stayed D．went; has stayed
23．（2022秋·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）My uncle ________ the club in 2014. He ________ the club for over 3 years.
A．joined; has been a member of B．joined; has joined
C．has joined; has joined D．has joined; has been in
24．（2021秋·江苏泰州·八年级统考期中）— How long __________ you __________ this school?  
— For two years.
A．have; arrived at B．did; come to
C．have; come to D．have; taught in
25．（2022秋·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）Hurry up! The concert ________. It ________ for ten minutes.
A．has begun; has begun B．has been on; began
C．has begun; has been on D．began; has been on
26．（2022秋·重庆万州·八年级统考期末）—Long time no see!
—Oh! It ________ ten years since we met each other last time.
A．was B．were C．has been D．have been
27．（2022秋·江西萍乡·八年级统考期末）—Where is Miss. Wang?
—She ________ to New York. She ________ there three times.
A．has been; has gone B．has gone; has gone
C．has gone; has been D．has been; has been
28．（2022秋·重庆渝中·八年级重庆巴蜀中学校考期末）I haven’t seen your father for a long time. Where has he ________?
He ________ Beijing for a month. He’ll be back next week.
A．been；have been in B．gone；have been in
C．gone；has been in D．gone；has gone to
29．（2022秋·北京朝阳·八年级统考期末）Zhang Guimei ________ as a teacher in Yunnan Province since 1990.
A．works B．has worked C．is working D．will work
30．（2022秋·江西赣州·八年级统考期末）—Look! The light is still on in teachers’ office.
—Maybe Mr. Wang ________ his work yet.
A．doesn’t finish B．won’t finish
C．didn’t finish D．hasn’t finished
31．（2022秋·广西贺州·八年级统考期末）I ________ the books from library. I ________ them for two weeks.
A．borrowed; have borrowed B．lent; have borrowed
C．borrowed; have kept D．lent; have kept
32．（2022秋·广东江门·八年级统考期末）— Have you ever ________ to the Great Wall, Jill?
Yes. I ________ there last summer.
A．go; go B．been; went C．gone; went D．gone; been
33．（2022·全国·八年级假期作业）—How long ________ here?
—For only five minutes. My sister ________ here with me.
A. have you been; walked B．are you; has walked
C．are you; walked D．have you gone; has walked
34．（2022·全国·八年级假期作业）(2017·无锡周铁学区联盟月考）—You ________ Joyland in Changzhou last summer?
—No. I ________ of a place called Joyland.
A．have visited; haven’t heard B．visited; haven’t heard
C．have visited; didn’t hear D．visited; didn’t hear
35．（2022秋·八年级单元测试）Yesterday, Millie _________ her dictionary to me, and said I could _________ it for a week.
A．lent; borrowed B．borrowed; had C．borrowed; keep D．lent; keep
36．（2022·全国·八年级假期作业）—Hi, I ________ you for a long time.
—I ________ in Hong Kong. I’ve just come back.
A．haven’t seen; shall be B．didn’t see; will be
C．haven’t seen; was D．haven’t seen; am
37．（2022·全国·八年级假期作业）Not only my father but also I ________ Nanjing for a month.
A．have been in B．have been to
C．have gone to D．have arrived in
38．（2022秋·八年级单元测试）I can’t believe my ears. Mr Smith was quite well when I saw him last summer. How long ________ he ________?
A．did; die B．was; dead C．was; dying D．has; been dead
39．（2022·全国·八年级假期作业）The big changes in the city also ________ us some ________.
A．has brought; question B．have brought; problem
C．has brought; questions D．have brought; problems
40．（2021秋·广东深圳·八年级校考阶段练习）Great changes ________ in China since the People’s Republic of China ________ in 1949.
A．have taken place; was founded B．has taken place; was founded
C．have been taken place; founded D．took place; founded
41．（2021秋·黑龙江鹤岗·八年级统考期末）Tom ________ to Shanghai last week, he ________ there twice.
A．has gone; has went B．went; has been
C．has gone; has been to D．went; has gone
42．（2023春·北京大兴·八年级统考期末）—What did you do yesterday?
—I ________ some food and drinks for the coming party.
A．buy B．bought C．buys D．will buy
43．（2022春·北京西城·八年级统考期末）—What’s wrong, Eric?
—I ______ my left foot yesterday.
A．hurt B．was hurting C．hurts D．will hurt
44．（2022春·北京昌平·八年级统考期末）My family went to the Summer Palace and we ____ a great time there.
A．have B．had C．will have D．are having
45．（2022春·山东东营·八年级东营市东营区实验中学校考期末）My father ________ his mobile phone everywhere, but he couldn’t ________ it.
A．looked for; look for B．looked for; find C．found; find D．found; look for
46．（2022秋·河北衡水·八年级期末）As soon as she ________ here, she called me up.
A．arrives B．arrived C．was arriving D．is arriving
47．（2022春·北京海淀·八年级北京市师达中学校考期中）My brother _________ a song in the school show last week.
A．sings B．will sing C．sang D．has sung
48．（2022春·北京海淀·八年级北京二十中校考期中）Sue ________ to Penang with her parents last year.
A．travelled B．travels C．will travel D．has travelled
49．（2022春·北京房山·八年级统考期中）—What did Lucy do yesterday afternoon?
She ________ her parents do the housework.
A．helps B．is helping C．helped D．will help
参考答案
1. borrow _borrowed__ send _sent__
hope ___hoped watch _watched________
make __made_ say __said_________
get __got__ grow __grown
plan __planned__ hit ___hit___
cry ___cried_ enjoy __enjoyed_____

2. 写出下列短暂性动词的非延续性形式。
buy __have/has had_______ borrow _have/has kept________
arrive/come/go to _have/has been in________ become a ___have/has been a______
leave _have/has been away from________ join _have/has been a member of________
die __have/has been dead_______ open/close __have/has been open/closed_______
get married __have/has been married____ start/begin have/has been on __________
stop /finish/ end _have/has been over____ catch a cold __have/has had a cold_________
get to know __have/has known_________ go to sleep _have/has been asleep__________
become interested in _have /has been interested in____ get out/ up __have/has been out/up_________
fall ill __have/has been ill_________ fall asleep __have/has been asleep_________
wake up ___have/has been awake________
3单项选择
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C
6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D
11．A 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．B
16．D 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．B
21．D 22．A 23．A 24．D 25．C
26．C 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．D
31．C 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D
36．C 37．A 38．D 39．D 40．A
41．B 42．B 43．A 44．B 45．B
46．B 47．C 48．A 49．C